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1
Batty, K., J. W. Bates et J. NB Bell. « A transplant experiment on the factors preventing lichen colonization of oak bark in southeast England under declining SO2 pollution ». Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no 5 (1 mai 2003) : 439–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-039.
Texte intégralRésumé :
To investigate the factors responsible for limited lichen recolonization on oak with declining SO2 concentrations, Parmelia caperata (L.) Ach. and Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. were transplanted to five stations along a transect running from central London (U.K.) into the surrounding countryside. Healthy thalli were transplanted onto young and mature Quercus robur L. (pedunculate oak) and Betula pendula Roth (silver birch), and some were moved with their original bark attached to investigate the importance of bark acidification. Relative growth rates and visible injury were monitored over 2 years, along with concentrations of atmospheric SO2 and NO2, measured using diffusion tube samplers and bark chemistry. SO2 concentrations were low in central London in comparison with the situation in previous decades, but they remain sufficiently high to harm the most sensitive lichens. NO2 concentrations increased sharply on approaching London, and levels were higher in winter than in summer. Bark pH was lower in mature oak than in birch or young oak at the two innermost stations, and levels of bark Mg also declined in London. Transplants of P. caperata survived on birch and young oak at all transect stations except Hyde Park, whereas P. saxatilis failed to grow over a wider range of the transect stations. We conclude that modest SO2 levels, interacting with low bark pH, still inhibit recolonization of oaks by P. caperata in central London. Parmelia saxatilis, in addition, appears to be limited by another factor such as the high NO2 concentrations that now characterize urban and suburban London, rather than through an inherently poor dispersal potential.Key words: atmospheric pollution, bark acidification, epiphytic lichens, NO2, recolonization, SO2.
2
FRYDAY, Alan M., Arve ELVEBAKK, Frances L. ANDERSON et Jean Y. GAGNON. « Psoroma nivale (Pannariaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) a new species with dark, elongate squamules and bacilliform ascospores from arctic Québec, Canada ». Lichenologist 51, no 5 (septembre 2019) : 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282919000288.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThe new species Psoroma nivale is described from an area of late snow-lie in the Keglo Bay area on the eastern side of Ungava Bay, northern Québec, Canada. It is superficially similar to P. hypnorum but has a dark, brownish black thallus colour without reddish hues, much-branched, proliferating squamules, thick paraphyses, distinct but inconspicuous IKI+ ascus tube structures, and characteristic elongate, bacilliform, often asymmetrical ascospores. The new species is compared with possible related taxa and its systematic position discussed. A key to the species of pannarioid lichens reported from arctic areas of North America is also provided.
3
Peluffo, J. R., A. M. Rocha et M. C. Moly de Peluffo. « Species diversity and morphometrics of tardigrades from a medium-size city in the Neotropical Region : Santa Rosa (La Pampa, Argentina) ». Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no 1 (1 juin 2007) : 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2007.30.0043.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tardigrade diversity was studied in a medium-sized city in the Neotropical Region: Santa Rosa (La Pampa, Argentina). Samples were collected between February 1999 and January 2000 from lichens and mosses growing on sidewalk trees of the urban and periurban area. Five species of tardigrades were found, i.e., Echiniscus rufoviridis du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1944, Macrobiotus areolatus Murray, 1907, Ramazzottius oberhaeuseri (Doyère, 1840), Milnesium cf. tardigradum and a non-described species of Macrobiotus. Only one species, M. cf. tardigradum, was found in areas with high levels of vehicle traffic. Results are compared with those from cities in the Nearctic and Palearctic regions. Measurements and pt index values (percentage ratios between the length of the structure considered and the buccal tube length) are provided for M. areolatus, R. oberhaeuseri and M. cf. tardigradum. Amongst the characters considered, the pt index for the stylet support insertion shows the least intraspecific variation. This character is also independent from body length and buccal-tube length.
4
Currah, R. S., E. A. Smreciu, T. Lehesvirta, M. Niemi et K. W. Larsen. « Fungi in the winter diets of northern flying squirrels and red squirrels in the boreal mixedwood forest of northeastern Alberta ». Canadian Journal of Botany 78, no 12 (1 décembre 2000) : 1514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b00-123.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Gut contents of 138 northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and 75 red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), which had been trapped from November to February in the boreal forest of northeastern Alberta, were examined to determine which fungi were consumed as food during the winter months in this habitat. Spores of epigeous Boletales, Russulaceae, and Cortinariaceae were most frequent and numerous. Hypogeous ascomycetes (unidentified species of Elaphomyces and Tuber) and basidiomycetes (unidentified species of Gautieria, Hymenogaster, Hysterangium, and Rhizopogon) were sometimes present in substantial amounts but were not as frequent as the remains of epigeous fungi. Guts sometimes contained remains of the tough or carbonaceous sporocarps of unidentified species of the Hymenochaetales, Diatrypaceae, Xylariaceae, and Bankeraceae. The spores of some rust fungi (e.g., Phragmidium fusiforme) along with the conidia (e.g., Helicoma sp.) and ascospores of microfungi (e.g., Sordariaceae) were also detected. Lichen tissues were absent, and this contrasts with previous suggestions that lichens are a winter food of sciurids in regions with substantial snowfall. A parallel analysis of 110 faecal pellets from northern flying squirrels collected in the same area from June to August confirms that fungi are important in its summer diet.Key words: Glaucomys sabrinus, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, fungi, mycophagy, Sciuridae.
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Koparal, Ayşe Tansu. « Anti-angiogenic and antiproliferative properties of the lichen substances (-)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid ». Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 70, no 5-6 (1 mai 2015) : 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2014-4178.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The anti-proliferative activities of the lichen substances (-)-usnic acid and vulpinic acid on the viability of HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, NS20Y neuroblastoma cells and HUVEC endothelial cells were studied by the MTT assay. The anti-angiogenic potential of the substances was determined by the endothelial tube formation assay. Both lichen substances exhibited strong anti-angiogenic activity and were more cytotoxic to the cancer cell lines than to the normal cell line, but vulpinic acid has more potential as an anti-angiogenic substance because of its low cytotoxicity and stronger anti-angiogenic activity on the HUVEC cell line.
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Trüe, A., N. Panichev, J. Okonkwo et P. B. C. Forbes. « Determination Of The Mercury Content Of Lichens and Comparison To Atmospheric Mercury Levels In The South African Highveld Region ». Clean Air Journal 21, no 1 (3 juin 2012) : 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/caj/2012/21/1.7075.
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The concentration of mercury vapour in ambient air is routinely determined using specialised instruments.As an economical alternative, actively pumped Hopcalite sorbent tubes can be used to trap atmosphericmercury, which is subsequently analysed by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Plant materialsare also readily available in most regions and can be analysed to obtain information on time averagedatmospheric mercury levels.Lichen and tree bark samples were collected in the cities of Pretoria and Witbank, dried and acid digestedwith subsequent cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. Average mercury concentrations rangingfrom 74 to 193 μg.kg-1 were found in lichens from three Pretoria suburbs, whilst average Hg levels of 228μg.kg-1 were determined in lichens collected in Witbank. The average mercury concentration in tree barkwas consistently lower than in lichens, with concentrations between 28 and 72 μg.kg-1 determined insamples from three Pretoria suburbs and 75 μg.kg-1 determined in samples taken in Witbank. This study isthe first in South Africa to determine mercury levels in lichens and tree bark.Average total gaseous mercury concentrations in ambient air at the three Pretoria suburban sites, asdetermined by a semi-continuous spectroscopic method using Hopcalite sampling, ranged between 1.6and 2.5 ng.m-3, while an average of 1.7 ng.m-3 was measured in Witbank over the sampling interval.
7
Rai, Himanshu, Rajan Kumar Gupta, Devvret Verma, Shreesh Gupta, Debasis Mitra, Pradeep Kumar Das Mohapatra, Areej Suliman Al-Meshal, Rokayya Sami, Amal Adnan Ashour et Alaa Shafie. « Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lichenic Compounds Isolated from Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal ». Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16, no 3 (1 juin 2022) : 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2022.2201.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The antibiotic activity of lichenic compounds atranorin, physodic, and stictic acid isolated from Menegazzia terebrata were analyzed. The antibiotic bioactivity was assessed against eight bacterial inoculums i.e., 3 g positive and 5 g negative by analyzing the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) using the broth tube dilution method. All lichenic compounds showed antibiotic activities. The maximum bacterial growth inhibition activity was observed by atranorin (MIC, 0.030–0.5 mg/mL) and the minimum in physodic acid (MIC, 1 mg/mL). Stictic acid (MIC, 0.25–0.5 mg/mL) exhibited moderate antibiotic activity. Among the tested bacterial inoculums, all lichenic compounds reported antibacterial activity against a streptomycin-resistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As a result, the study referred to the antibiotic potential of lichenic compounds, which could be developed further for pharmaceutical purposes.
8
JØRGENSEN, Per M. « More, new Asian species in the lichen genus Fuscopannaria ». Lichenologist 36, no 3-4 (mai 2004) : 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002428290401429x.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In newly collected material from high altitudes in China and India three new species in the genus Fuscopannaria have been discovered: F. albomaculata, F. granulifera and F. hirsuta, all with unusual characters for the genus. The first one has remarkable tube-like structures exposing the white medulla above, the thallus thus appearing to be white-dotted. The second contains green algae, and the last one is the first regularly hairy species to be discovered in the genus.
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MICHALCZYK, ŁUKASZ, ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK et SANDRA K. CLAXTON. « Minibiotus weglarskae, a new species of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada : Macrobiotidae) from Mongolia ». Zootaxa 1008, no 1 (14 juin 2005) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1008.1.6.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new eutardigrade, Minibiotus weglarskae sp. nov. is described from a lichen sample collected in Mongolia. This species is similar to Minibiotus bisoctus (Horning et al.) in having ten transverse bands of irregularly shaped pores around the body but differs from it by having a narrower buccal tube, much shorter macroplacoid row length and much shorter claws. The microplacoid of the new species is round and solid whilst that of M. bisoctus is lens-shaped and not solid.
10
Richard, C., J. G. Martin et S. Pouleur. « Ice nucleation activity identified in some phytopathogenic Fusarium species ». Phytoprotection 77, no 2 (12 avril 2005) : 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706104ar.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In order to know which species of Fusarium are ice nucleating and to determine the factors affecting their pathogenicity, ice nucleation activity (INA) was examined in Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. Positive controls (lna+) used were F. acuminatum and F. avenaceum. The test for fungal INA was done with a simple and rapid tube nucleation assay. Twelve out of the 42 F. oxysporum isolates, and 8 out of 14 F. tricinctum isolates were lna+. No INA was detected in F sporotrichioides. In this test the threshold freezing temperature tended to increase with culture age, reaching a peak of -1°C in a few samples, which is as high as the warmest INA reported for bacteria, and higher than the INA detected in pure cultures of free-living fungi, lichen fungi, lichen algae and cyanobacteria. This is the first report of INA for F oxysporum.
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Retallack, Gregory J. « Early Ediacaran lichen from Death Valley, California, USA ». Journal of Palaeosciences 71, no 2 (30 décembre 2022) : 187–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2022.1841.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Enigmatic tubestones from the basal Ediacaran Noonday Formation of southern California have been interpreted as fluid escape structures or as stromatolites in a “cap carbonate”, created by marine precipitation at the termination of Snowball Earth glaciation. However, doubts about this interpretation stem from permineralized organic structures within the tubes with hyphae and attached spheroidal cells, and thallus organization comparable with lichens. These “tubestones” are here named Ganarake scalaris gen. et sp. nov. The fungus was aseptate as in Mucoromycota and Glomeromycota, and the spheroidal photobiont has the size and isotopic composition of a chlorophyte alga. The tubes are most like modern window lichens (shallow subterranean lichens) and formed nabkhas (vegetation–stabilized dunes) of a loess plateau comparable in thickness and extent with the Chinese Loess Plateau of Gansu. Loess paleosols of three different kinds are recognized in the Noonday Formation from geochemical, petrographic, and granulometric data. The Noonday Formation was not a uniquely Neoproterozoic marine whiting event, but calcareous loess like the Peoria Loess of Illinois and the Chinese Loess Plateau of Gansu. सारांश दक्षिणी कैलिफोर्निया के निचले एडियाकरन नूनडे शैलसमूह से अज्ञात ट्यूबस्टोन की एक "कैप कार्बोनेट" में द्रव पलायन संरचनाओं या स्ट्रोमेटोलाइट्स के रूप में व्याख्या की गई है जो कि स्नोबॉल अर्थ हिमाच्छादन की समाप्ति पर समुद्री वर्षा द्वारा निर्मित हुए। हालांकि, इस व्याख्या के बारे में संदेह, हायफी और संलग्न गोलाकार कोशिकाओं के साथ ट्यूबों के भीतर अश्मीकृत कार्बनिक संरचनाओं से उपजा है और थैलस संगठन लाइकेन के साथ तुलनीय है। इन "ट्यूबस्टोन" को यहाँ गनारके स्केलेरिस नव कुल नव प्रजाति नाम दिया गया है। कवक म्योकोरोमाइकोटा और ग्लोमेरोमाइकोटा के समान अकोष्ठीय और गोलाकार फोटोबियोन्ट की माप और समस्थानिक संरचना क्लोरोफाइट शैवाल जैसी है। ट्यूब अधिकांशतः आधुनिक विंडो लाइकेन (उथले भूमिगत लाइकेन) की तरह हैं और लोएस पठार के नबखास (वनस्पति-स्थिर टीले) बनाते हैं जो कि मोटाई और विस्तार में गांसु के चीनी लोएस पठार के तुल्य हैं । भू-रासायनिक, पेट्रोग्राफिक और ग्रैनुलोमेट्रिक आलेखों से नूनडे शैलसमूह में तीन अलग-अलग प्रकार के लोएस पेलिओसॉल की पहचान की गई है। नूनडे शैलसमूह एक विशिष्ट नियोप्रोटीरोज़ोइक समुद्री श्वेत घटना नहीं था, लेकिन इलिनॉयस के पियोरिया लोएस और गांसु के चीनी लोएस पठार की तरह चूनामय लोएस था।
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Printzen, Christian, H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Imke Schmitt et G. Benno Feige. « A Study on the Genetic Variability of Biatora Helvola using Rapd Markers ». Lichenologist 31, no 5 (septembre 1999) : 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0229.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractBiatora helvola is a corticolous crustose lichen occurring in boreal and montane spruce and spruce-fir-beech forests. After the last glaciation, spruce reinvaded Europe from three refugia situated in the Carpathians, southeastern parts of the Alps and the Ural Mts., resulting in a slightly disjunct distribution. Our aim was to find out whether the glacial fragmentation of the distributional area of spruce is reflected by genetic differences in a typical spruce-forest lichen. Collections of Biatora helvola from Scandinavia and various parts of Central Europe were investigated using RAPD analysis. Algal free periclinal sections of the apothecia were obtained using a freezing microtome and transferred directly into PCR tubes. Six different RAPD primers were used. The data were analysed using PAUP*. It was shown that genetic differences between samples of B. helvola reflect the glacial disjunction of spruce in Europe.
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Stompor-Gorący, Monika. « The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb—A Summary Update ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no 17 (1 septembre 2021) : 9522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179522.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative found in roots and leaves of various plants, fungi and lichens. For a long time it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an active ingredient in herbs. Among other sources, it is isolated from the rhubarb Rheum palmatum or tuber fleece-flower Polygonam multiflorum. Emodin has a wide range of biological activities, including diuretic, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antinociceptive. According to the most recent studies, emodin acts as an antimalarial and antiallergic agent, and can also reverse resistance to chemotherapy. In the present work the potential therapeutic role of emodin in treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancers and microbial infections is analysed.
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FONTOURA, PAULO, GIOVANNI PILATO, PAULO MORAIS et OSCAR LISI. « Minibiotus xavieri, a new species of tardigrade from the Parque Biologico de Gaia, Portugal (Eutardigrada : Macrobiotidae) ». Zootaxa 2267, no 1 (19 octobre 2009) : 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2267.1.4.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A new tardigrade, Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov., is described from lichen and moss samples collected in Parque Biologico de Gaia, Avintes, Portugal. The new species has variously shaped pores forming transverse bands around the cuticle; granulation on legs absent. Peribuccal lamellae absent, peribuccal papulae present as in all species of Minibiotus. Buccal tube narrow with an anterior bend; pharyngeal bulb with apophyses, three small macroplacoids and microplacoid. Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov. differs from the species of the genus with a similar cuticular ornamentation (with pores of variable shape forming transverse bands) (M. eichorni Michalczyk & Kaczmarek, 2004, M. orthofasciatus Fontoura, Pilato, Lisi & Morais, 2009, M. vinciguerrae Binda & Pilato, 1992, M. furcatus (Ehrenberg, 1859)) in some qualitative or quantitative characters of the bucco-pharyngeal apparatus, and/or claws and of the eggs. The new species is also similar to two species today ascribed to the genus Macrobiotus but whose systematic position needs to be better analyzed, Macrobiotus lazzaroi Maucci 1986 and Macrobiotus pseudofurcatus Pilato, 1972. Minibiotus xavieri sp. nov. differs from them in some characters of the animal (narrower buccal tube, some characters of the claws) and of the eggs.
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MEYER, HARRY A. « Tardigrada of Grand Cayman, West Indies, with descriptions of two new species of eutardigrade, Doryphoribius tessellatus (Hypsibiidae) and Macrobiotus caymanensis (Macrobiotidae) ». Zootaxa 2812, no 1 (8 avril 2011) : 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2812.1.3.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Terrestrial tardigrades were collected from moss, lichen and leaf litter from Grand Cayman in the Cayman Islands, West Indies. Six species were found. Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840, Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1889), Paramacrobiotus areolatus (Murray, 1907) and P. richtersi (Murray, 1911) have been reported previously from other islands in the Caribbean Sea. Two species on Grand Cayman were new to science. Doryphoribius tessellatus sp. n. belongs to the ‘eveli- nae-group’, with two macroplacoids and cuticular gibbosities. In having two pairs of posterior gibbosities and cuticular depressions forming a reticular design, it is most similar to Doryphoribius quadrituberculatus Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2004 from Costa Rica. It differs from D. quadrituberculatus in its gibbosity sequence (III:4:2:2), the number of teeth, size of macroplacoids and details of the reticular design on the dorsal cuticle. Macrobiotus caymanensis sp. n. belongs to the ‘polyopus-group’ of species. It differs from other species of the group in having a shorter buccal tube, a more posterior stylet support insertion point and fewer, larger egg processes.
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Stortini, Bianca, Ozlem Dural, Maria Kielly et Nathalie Fleming. « Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in a Virginal Adolescent With Labial Agglutination due to Lichen Sclerosus ». Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 30, no 2 (avril 2017) : 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2017.03.057.
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Stortini, Bianca, Ozlem Dural, Maria Kielly et Nathalie Fleming. « Tubo-Ovarian Abscess in a Virginal Adolescent with Labial Agglutination Due to Lichen Sclerosus ». Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 30, no 6 (décembre 2017) : 646–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2017.05.004.
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Liu, Feng, Yu Deng, Fei-Hu Wang, Rajesh Jeewon, Qian Zeng, Xiu-Lan Xu, Ying-Gao Liu et Chun-Lin Yang. « Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Microcera (Nectriaceae, Hypocreales) associated with scale insects on walnut in China ». MycoKeys 98 (29 mai 2023) : 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.98.103484.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The fungal genus Microcera consists of species mostly occurring as parasites of scale insects, but are also commonly isolated from soil or lichens. In the present study, we surveyed the diversity and assess the taxonomy of entomopathogenic fungi in Sichuan Province, China. Two new species of Microcera, viz. M. chrysomphaludis and M. pseudaulacaspidis, were isolated from scale insects colonising walnut (Juglans regia). Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analyses of ITS, LSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, acl1, act, tub2, cmdA and his3 sequence data provide evidence for the validity of the two species and their placement in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Microcera pseudaulacaspidis primarily differs from similar species by having more septate and smaller cylindrical macroconidia, as well as DNA sequence data. Meanwhile, Microcera chrysomphaludis has elliptical, one-septate ascospores with acute ends and cylindrical, slightly curved with 4–6 septate macroconidia up to 78 µm long. Morphological descriptions with illustrations of the novel species and DNA-based phylogeny generated from analyses of multigene dataset are also provided to better understand species relationships.
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Wedin, Mats, Heidi DÖring et Stefan Ekman. « Molecular Phylogeny of the Lichen Families Cladoniaceae, Sphaerophoraceae, and Stereocaulaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina) ». Lichenologist 32, no 2 (mars 2000) : 171–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/lich.1999.0236.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractMaximum parsimony analysis of nuclear SSU rDNA sequences was utilized to infer the phylogenetic relationships of representatives of the macrolichen families Cladoniaceae, Sphaerophoraceae, and Stereocaulaceae (Lecanorales subord. Cladoniineae, Ascomycotina). Farris’ parsimony jackknifing, and a similar jackknife strategy with branch-swapping and multiple addition sequences in PAUP*, were performed to assess branch support. The results indicate that the Sphaerophoraceae should be emended to include Neophyllis (formerly Cladoniaceae or Stereocaulaceae) and Austropeltum (formerly Stereocaulaceae), and it is suggested that the type of boundary tissue present is a synapomorphy for the family. The families Sphaerophoraceae and Bacidiaceae form a clade, together with Psora decipiens, Tephromela atra and Scoliciosporum umbrinum. The Cladoniaceae should be emended to include Pilophorus, and the genera Metus, Cladia and Heterodea should also be included in the family. The sometimes-recognized families Cladiaceae and Heterodeaceae are shown to be derived from within Cladoniaceae. The Stereocaulaceae is recircumscribed to accommodate Stereocaulon only. Neither the possession of podetia/ pseudopodetia, a dimorphic, cladoniiform thallus, nor the presence of cephalodia, is a morphological synapomorphy for a monophyletic group in our analysis. Optimising ascus structures onto one of the most parsimonious trees suggest that tube-like apical structures may well be primitive characteristics within the Lecanorales. The two lecanoralean suborders Lecanorineae and Cladonineae are both paraphyletic groups in the present analysis. It is pointed out that if further studies confirm that Stereocaulon is the sister-group to the Cladoniaceae, as circumscribed here, then there may be no reason to accept the two families Cladoniaceae and Stereocaulaceae as distinct. Branch-swapping and several random-addition sequencesimprove resolution, adding several supported groups in the topology, and improve support values for groups already supported by parsimony jackkniring analyses, and we suggest a procedure for implementing this by using PAUP*
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Rezazadeh, Fahimeh, Morteza Beirami, Zahra Zareshahrabadi, Hossein Sedarat et Kamiar Zomorodian. « Evaluation of the Distribution of Candida Species in Patients with Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Oral Lichen Planus Lesions ». BioMed Research International 2022 (1 juin 2022) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8100352.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives. This study is aimed at identifying and determining the distribution of isolated Candida species in patients with dysplastic and nondysplastic oral lichen planus (OLP) lesions in comparison with those of healthy controls. Material and Methods. This study includes patients with OLP, aged (more than 18 years old), who have had informed consent. Samples of the oral, tongue, and buccal mucus by rubbing with a sterile swab and sterilely next to the lamp flame. Demographic information was obtained using patient records to determine the species of Candida in both groups, and two tests of fertile tube production by Candida albicans and dye production in the dye medium were used. A biopsy from OLP lesions has been taken from each patient after swab sampling and was sent to the pathology department for further histopathological analysis. In the end p value, less than 0/05 was considered significant. Result. In this study, 40 lichen planus patients were compared with 32 control patients. The female/male ratio in OLP and healthy groups was 22/18 and 17/15, respectively. Among the OLP patients, 23 cases (56%) were dysplastic, and the other 17 (44%) patients were nondysplastic. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) age of patients was 48.83 (±9.34) years, and the mean age of the control group was 40.21 (±10.32). There were no significant differences based on age ( p > 0.05 ). The highest frequency was related to tongue in both groups (22 (55%)) and buccal mucosa was the least common. There was a significant relationship between the location of the lesion and OLP ( p = 0.05 ). 18 (45%) were erosive, and 22 (55%) were nonerosive. However, no significant difference was observed between erosive and nonerosive types in the OLP group ( p = 0 / 07 ). Regarding the type of Candida, all cases in the patient’s group were related to Candida albicans [40 (100%)], and the correlation was not found in this regard ( p > 0 / 05 ). About colony count, the mean for the case and control groups was 26.68 and 23.25, respectively. Also, no significant relationship was found between colony count and groups in this study ( p = 0.3 ). There was no significant difference between gender and dysplastic or nondysplastic ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the statistical studies performed in this study, the presence of Candida in patients with dysplastic and nondysplastic lichen planus is not significantly different, and this rate is not higher than healthy individuals and in cases where the results are positive. The predominant species of Candida is the Candida albicans. In this study, the highest frequency was related to tongue in both groups. There was only a significant relationship between the location of the lesion and OLP.
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ELVEBAKK, Arve, Eli Helene ROBERTSEN, Chae Haeng PARK et Soon Gyu HONG. « Psorophorus and Xanthopsoroma, two new genera for yellow-green, corticolous and squamulose lichen species, previously in Psoroma ». Lichenologist 42, no 5 (3 août 2010) : 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282910000083.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractPsoroma microlepideum is reduced to a synonym of P. fuegiense. The species differs in several characters from P. pholidotum, and it overlaps geographically with the latter, which is neotypified here. These two species are now placed in the new southern South American genus Psorophorus, differing from Psoroma s. str. in being corticolous, having adpressed squamules on a distinct, dark prothallus, lacking melanins, having a thin cortical layer and a simpler IKI+ apical ascus structure. Two other widespread, panaustral species are the only ones in Pannariacae containing usnic acid. The primarily fertile species has been known as Psoroma pholidotoides, but the type contains pannarin rather than usnic acid, and the correct name for the primarily fertile taxon with usnic acid is Psoroma contextum Stirt. This is together with P. soccatum R. Br. ex Crombie is now placed in the new genus Xanthopsoroma. In addition to usnic acid, both species have a series of distinct terpenoids, some in major quantities. Like Psorophorus, they are corticolous, but have long, more or less nodulose, apical perispore extensions, and an IKI+ apical ascus tube structure which is longer and thinner, including a diffuse tholus reaction, and often an external apical sheet. Phylogenetically, these two genera are shown to be monophyletic and different from Psoroma s. str. based on an analysis of ITS and nrLSU rDNA. This analysis also shows that among the ten species focused on in this study, nine species (two in Xanthopsoroma, two in Psorophorus and five in Psoroma s. str.) are monophyletic, based on two to six sequences of each species. Psoroma hypnorum remains polyphyletic. All names now belonging in Psorophorus and Xanthopsoroma are typified.
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Voglmayr, H., M. B. Aguirre-Hudson, H. G. Wagner, S. Tello et W. M. Jaklitsch. « Lichens or endophytes ? The enigmatic genus Leptosillia in the Leptosilliaceae fam. nov. (Xylariales), and Furfurella gen. nov. (Delonicicolaceae) ». Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 42, no 1 (19 juillet 2019) : 228–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.09.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Based on DNA sequence data, the genus Leptosillia is shown to belong to the Xylariales. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS-LSU rDNA sequence data and of a combined matrix of SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA, rpb1, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 reveal that the genera Cresporhaphis and Liberomyces are congeneric with Leptosillia. Coelosphaeria fusariospora, Leptorhaphis acerina, Leptorhaphis quercus f. macrospora, Leptorhaphis pinicola, Leptorhaphis wienkampii, Liberomyces pistaciae, Sphaeria muelleri and Zignoëlla slaptonensis are combined in Leptosillia, and all of these taxa except for C. fusariospora, L. pinicola and L. pistaciae are epitypified. Coelosphaeria fusariospora and Cresporhaphis rhoina are lectotypified. Liberomyces macrosporus and L. saliciphilus, which were isolated as phloem and sapwood endophytes, are shown to be synonyms of Leptosillia macrospora and L. wienkampii, respectively. All species formerly placed in Cresporhaphis that are now transferred to Leptosillia are revealed to be non-lichenized. Based on morphology and ecology, Cresporhaphis chibaensis is synonymised with Rhaphidicyrtis trichosporella, and C. rhoina is considered to be unrelated to the genus Leptosillia, but its generic affinities cannot be resolved in lack of DNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses place Leptosillia as sister taxon to Delonicicolaceae, and based on morphological and ecological differences, the new family Leptosilliaceae is established. Furfurella, a new genus with the three new species, F. luteostiolata, F. nigrescens and F. stromatica, growing on dead branches of mediterranean fabaceous shrubs from tribe Genisteae, is revealed to be the closest relative of Delonicicola in the family Delonicicolaceae, which is emended. ITS rDNA sequence data retrieved from GenBank demonstrate that the Leptosilliaceae were frequently isolated or sequenced as endophytes from temperate to tropical regions, and show that the genus Leptosillia represents a widely distributed component of endophyte communities of woody plants.
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Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Daria Grobys, Adam Kulpa, Tomasz Bartylak, Hanna Kmita, Marta Kepel, Andrzej Kepel et Milena Roszkowska. « Two new species of the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Tardigrada, Apochela, Milnesiidae) from Madagascar ». ZooKeys 884 (30 octobre 2019) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.884.29469.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of tardigrades on Madagascar is rather poor. To date, only 13 tardigrade taxa have been reported from this region (including one Milnesium species). We examined 46 specimens belonging to two new-to-science species of the genus Milnesium described herein using an integrative approach, including classical morphology and molecular marker (COI, ITS-2 and 28S rRNA) analysis. The species were found in two moss and lichen samples collected in the Ivohibory forest in Fianarantsoa Province. Milnesium matheusisp. nov., with claw configuration [3-3]–[3-3] and rather wide buccal tube, morphologically is most similar to: Mil. beatae Roszkowska, Ostrowska & Kaczmarek, 2015, Mil. bohleberi Bartels, Nelson, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2014, Mil. eurystomum Maucci, 1991, Mil. shilohae Meyer, 2015 and Mil. tumanovi Pilato, Sabella & Lisi, 2016; however, it differs from these by morphometric characteristics. Milnesium wrightaesp. nov., by the presence of four points on secondary branches of claws IV, is most similar to Mil. quadrifidum Nederström, 1919. However, Mil. wrightaesp. nov. differs from Mil. quadrifidum by claw configuration ([4-4]–[4-4] in Mil. quadrifidum vs. [3-3]–[4-4] in Mil. wrightaesp. nov.), but also by the position of the fourth points on secondary branches of claws IV, which are located near the base of the claw in the new species and near the top of the claw in Mil. quadrifidum. Genotypic analysis showed that Mil. matheusisp. nov. is most similar to Milnesium sp. (28S rRNA), Mil. variefidum (COI) and Mil. t. tardigradum (ITS-2) while Mil. wrightaesp. nov. is most similar to Milnesium sp. (28S rRNA), Mil. variefidum (COI) and Mil. matheusi (ITS-2). Five Milnesium taxa are recorded from the African region, including the two new species from Madagascar reported in this study.
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FU'ADAH, KHUSNUL, SITI LUSI ARUM SARI et ARI SUSILOWATI. « Ice Nucleation Active bacteria in Mount Lawu forest, Indonesia : 1. Isolation and estimation of bacterial populations on lichens ». Asian Journal of Forestry 1, no 2 (20 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/asianjfor/r010205.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract. Fu’adah K, Sari SL, Susilowati A. 2017. Ice Nucleation Active bacteria in Mount Lawu forest, Indonesia: 1. Isolation and estimation of bacterial populations on lichens. Asian J For 1: 83-91. Ice Nucleation Active (INA) bacterias cause frost injury in plants. These bacteria are also predicted to play an important role in bioprecipitation, cloud formation, and rain. Most INA bacteria studies are conducted in subtropical areas. Therefore, studies on INA bacteria from tropical areas, especially Indonesia, need to be conducted. This study aimed to isolate and determine the number of INA bacteria in lichenes. samples of lichenes were taken from the hiking pathway of Cemoro Sewu, Mount Lawu forest, Java, Indonesia, at ±2.200, ±2.400, and ±2.600 m asl. INA bacteria were isolated by the spread plate method on the NA medium with 2.5 % glycerol and King’s B medium. A tube nucleation test determined ice nucleation activity. A multiple-tube nucleation test estimated the number of INA bacteria. The data were analyzed descriptively based on colony morphology, cell morphology, biochemical tests, and analysis of the numbers of INA bacteria. The result showed that 7 isolates from Parmelia sp. at an altitude of 2.532 m asl (station 2) have been known as INA bacterias. The number of INA bacteria in lichenes was 5 x 104/g, which was very low.
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Ranković, Branislav, Marijana Mišić et Slobodan Sukdolak. « Antimicrobial activity of extracts of the lichens Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla ». Biologia 64, no 1 (1 janvier 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11756-009-0007-9.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractAntimicrobial features of acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of lichens of Cladonia furcata, Parmelia caperata, Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla were investigated by two different methods at the same time. Testing of antimicrobial activities of extracts from five species of lichens was performed by disc diffusion test in relation to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungal organisms, and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by Broth Tube Dilution method. The obtained results indicated that acetone and methanol extracts of all investigated lichens in different concentrations manifested selective antibacterial and antifungal activity. That activity was more evident in relation to Gram-positive, than Gram-negative bacteria and fungal organisms. Acetone and methanol extracts of lichens Parmelia pertusa, Hypogymnia physodes and Umbilicaria polyphylla inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms, most of all of lichens Cladonia furcata and Parmelia caperata. Although, the methanol extracts were generally the most active against the test organisms, the lowest MIC value was measured for acetone extract of species Cladonia furcata 0.39 mg/mL in relation to bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Aqueous extracts of investigated lichens were inactive against all tested organisms.
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Xu, Xiaoheng, Qian Mi, Siting Chen, Yang Liu, Xiaoqin Xiong, Yinshen Yang, Qian Li, Shuhua Li et Wenxia Meng. « Galectin‐3‐upregulated FAK promotes angiogenesis through oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts ». Journal of Oral Pathology & ; Medicine, 25 juillet 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jop.13572.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractBackgroundThe specific mechanism underlying the role of oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts in angiogenesis remains undefined. Herein, the expression of Galectin‐3 in oral lichen planus and verifying whether Galectin‐3 can promote angiogenesis through oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts has been investigated.MethodsThe expression of Galectin‐3 and CD34 in the oral lichen planus tissues (n = 30) and normal oral mucosa tissues (n = 15) was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression of Galectin‐3 in the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Galectin‐3 overexpression lentiviral vector was constructed and transfected with oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts. In addition, oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts were treated with GB1107 (5 and 10 μM) to inhibit Galectin‐3 expression and co‐cultured with human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells, and analyzed by Transwell and tube formation assays. The expression of VEGF and FGF2 in oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts was detected, and the expression and phosphorylation levels of VEGFR2 and FAP in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells were determined.ResultsOral lichen planus subcutaneous tissues highly expressed Galectin‐3, positively correlated with angiogenesis. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts expressed significantly higher Galectin‐3 than NFs. Oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts overexpressing Galectin‐3 enhanced the migration and tube‐forming capacity of co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells. In oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts, 10 μM GB1107 reduced the proliferation and migration capacity, decreased the expression of α‐SMA, FAP, VEGF, and FGF2, and inhibited the tube‐forming capacity and the expression of VEGFR2 phosphorylation and FAK in co‐cultured human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells.ConclusionsThe upregulation of Galectin‐3 expression in oral lichen planus is associated with angiogenesis, and the oral lichen planus‐activated fibroblasts promote human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells migration and tube‐forming differentiation through VEGFR2/FAP activation by Galectin‐3.
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Ståhls-Mäkelä, Gunilla, Anniina Kuusijärvi, Ville-Matti Riihikoski, Leif Schulman et Aino Juslén. « Luomus’ Genomic Resources Collection Available as Open Data Through FinBIF ». Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 3 (13 juin 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.37024.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There is an increasing demand for high-quality genetic samples for biodiversity research as the techniques are rapidly developing and the costs are decreasing. The Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, an independent research institute within the University of Helsinki holding and developing the national natural history collections, has joined the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN; http://www.ggbn.org/ggbn_portal/) and established a Genomic Resources Collection (GRC) in 2018. In March 2019, the Luomus GRC comprised 2500 DNA extractions and 4000 vertebrate tissue samples amassed in approximately the last 10 years. The DNA extractions are mainly of lichens, polypores, beetles, flies, molluscs and crustaceans of worldwide origin, reflecting the focal organism groups of research groups in Luomus. The deep-frozen tissue samples are mostly of Finnish birds and mammals, as accessions of vertebrate specimens acquired to Luomus’ collections are sampled. High-quality whole-genome DNA extracts will also be prepared. We expect the GRC to increase rapidly in numbers of samples within the coming years. Furthermore, the collection will also serve the many active research groups in the Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences of the University of Helsinki. The GRC collection follows the best practices of the Global Genome Biodiversity Network (GGBN) concerning long-term storage and physical quality of samples, and international agreements (the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Nagoya Protocol, CITES) as regards the legitimacy of the samples. The GRC samples are always cross-linked with the taxonomically identified and georeferenced voucher specimen from which it is separated. Each GRC sample gets a Unique Resource Identifier HTTP-URI, which is a derivative of the unique specimen ID used in Luomus’ Collection Management System (CMS) ‘Kotka’. The sample tubes are cryolabelled with the QR code on the lid of the tube. The voucher specimens are deposited in Luomus’ collections or in another international public repository. The data on the GRC samples form part of the Open Data distributed through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility FinBIF species.fi (Data policy: https://laji.fi/en/about/960), and will be made searchable at the web portal in 2019. The specific database functions to meet the needs of Luomus’ GRC are developed by Luomus’ Biodiversity Informatics Unit and implemented in Kotka. We have already implemented part of the database tools to manage the compliance with the Nagoya protocol. The tool for registering material transactions (donations / loans) makes use of the Application Programming Interface (API) provided by the Access and Benefit Sharing Clearing House (ABS-CH) and includes links to the ABS-CH webpage (https://absch.cbd.int/). The ABS-CH shows the contact person or organization details of the provider country, and the country-specific requirements for access to genetic resources, when present. The necessary information and documentation (letter of Prior Informed Consent, Mutually Agreed Terms, Material Transaction Agreement, and other permits) are linked from the material transactions to the relevant specimens.
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Zuzaan, P., Z. Batsuren, O. Enkhtuya, E. Sosorburam et Bolortuya Damdinsuren. « Analysis of lichen and moss samples by the EDXRF method ». X-Ray Spectrometry, 3 juillet 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3442.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractThis research presents the contents of K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, and Pb in lichen and moss samples used as biomonitors of air pollution collected in Ulaanbaatar city. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) methods were used, employing for excitation a Pd X‐ray tube with a molybdenum secondary target. Matrix effects were corrected by the use of normalization for the coherent and incoherent scattered peak, in this way the determination is more efficient. For quality control of the results, comparisons were made with results from other certified laboratories. No significant differences were found between the different techniques. The elemental distribution patterns obtained for each metal were associated with different pollution sources, thus contributing to the assessment of air pollution in Ulaanbaatar.
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Niepsch, Daniel, Leon J. Clarke, Konstantinos Tzoulas et Gina Cavan. « Spatiotemporal variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution in Manchester (UK) city centre (2017–2018) using a fine spatial scale single-NOx diffusion tube network ». Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 5 novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-021-01149-w.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractNitrogen dioxide (NO2) is linked to poor air quality and severe human health impacts, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and being responsible annually for approximately 23,500 premature deaths in the UK. Automated air quality monitoring stations continuously record pollutants in urban environments but are restricted in number (need for electricity, maintenance and trained operators), only record air quality proximal to their location and cannot document variability of airborne pollutants at finer spatial scales. As an alternative, passive sampling devices such as Palmes-type diffusion tubes can be used to assess the spatial variability of air quality in greater detail, due to their simplicity (e.g. small, light material, no electricity required) and suitability for long-term studies (e.g. deployable in large numbers, useful for screening studies). Accordingly, a one passive diffusion tube sampling approach has been adapted to investigate spatial and temporal variability of NO2 concentrations across the City of Manchester (UK). Spatial and temporal detail was obtained by sampling 45 locations over a 12-month period (361 days, to include seasonal variability), resulting in 1080 individual NO2 measurements. Elevated NO2 concentrations, exceeding the EU/UK limit value of 40 µg m−3, were recorded throughout the study period (N = 278; 26% of individual measurements), particularly during colder months and across a wide area including residential locations. Of 45 sampling locations, 24% (N = 11) showed annual average NO2 above the EU/UK limit value, whereas 16% (N = 7) showed elevated NO2 (> 40 µg m−3) for at least 6 months of deployment. Highest NO2 was recorded in proximity of highly trafficked major roads, with urban factors such as surrounding building heights also influencing NO2 dispersion and distribution. This study demonstrates the importance of high spatial coverage to monitor atmospheric NO2 concentrations across urban environments, to aid identification of areas of human health concern, especially in areas that are not covered by automated monitoring stations. This simple, reasonably cheap, quick and easy method, using a single-NOx diffusion tube approach, can aid identification of NO2 hotspots and provides fine spatial detail of deteriorated air quality. Such an approach can be easily transferred to comparable urban environments to provide an initial screening tool for air quality and air pollution, particularly where local automated air quality monitoring stations are limited. Additionally, such an approach can support air quality assessment studies, e.g. lichen or moss biomonitoring studies.
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Feng, Yao, Jian-Kui (Jack) Liu, Chuan-Gen Lin, Ya-Ya Chen, Mei-Mei Xiang et Zuo-Yi Liu. « Additions to the Genus Arthrinium (Apiosporaceae) From Bamboos in China ». Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (7 avril 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.661281.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Arthrinium has a widespread distribution occurring in various substrates (e.g., air, soil debris, plants, lichens, marine algae and even human tissues). It is characterized by the basauxic conidiogenesis in the asexual morph, with apiospores in the sexual morph. In this study, seventeen isolates of Arthrinium were collected in China. Based on their morphology and phylogenetic characterization, four new species (A. biseriale, A. cyclobalanopsidis, A. gelatinosum, and A. septatum) are described and seven known species (A. arundinis, A. garethjonesii, A. guizhouense, A. hydei, A. neosubglobosa, A. phyllostachium and A. psedoparenchymaticum) are identified, of which the sexual morph of three species (A. guizhouense, A. phyllostachium and A. psedoparenchymaticum) and asexual morph of A. garethjonesii are reported for the first time. The detailed descriptions, illustrations and comparisons with related taxa of these new collections are provided. Phylogenetic analyses of combined ITS, LSU, TUB2, and TEF sequence data support their placements in the genus Arthrinium and justify the new species establishments and identifications of known species.
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sun, prOphecy. « Sentient Conversations ». Ecocene : Cappadocia Journal of Environmental Humanities, Cappadocia University, 26 juin 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46863/ecocene.94.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We live in a world of reckoning. In history, in politics, in culture, oppressive paradigms are being overturned and new perspectives are unfolding. One significant site(s) of reckoning are the modern, imperial, and colonial constructions of the environment that have served to silence and limit the voice of the non-human world, and our collective understanding of it. In the spirit of this moment, I begin this conversation with a powerful reconsideration:everything is sentient—soil, plants, algae, fungi, trees, birds, worms, rocks, and more. Sophisticated and rootbound, trees cooperate with their kin and communicate their needs. Remembering past events, perceiving and mounting defenses from impending droughts and fire seasons, trees have inseparable bonds with others (Simard 2021). Similarly, lichen are mutually arranged in complex relations to help one another survive and thrive, and provide complex nutrients to the ground and tree lined canopies of Douglas fir, cedars, and spruce (Wohlleben 2016). Michael Hathaway and Willoughby Arévalo articulate how mycorrhizal networks communicate, make decisions, and learn ways to move, coordinate, and tell other fungi about lurking dangers and other events (2023). Sentient and formidable, mycelium feed one another through branched structures and tubes, releasing and responding to chemical signals using amino acids (Hathaway and Arévalo2023).
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Wang, Xue, Di Wang, Manoj Kumar Pun, Rongxin Gou, Hao Liang et Zunzheng Wei. « First Report of Providencia rettgeri Causing Soft Rot on Calla lily in China ». Plant Disease, 19 juin 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-23-0374-pdn.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Calla lily (Zantedeschia hybrida) is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in China and commonly used as cut flower. Water soaked lesions on the tuber and petiole followed by collapse of entire plant along with foul smell were noticed in a 4-hectare calla lily plantation in the Yanqing District of Beijing, China during August 2022. It was revealed 20%-30% of the plants had these symptoms. Petiole (5 cm) and tuber (5 mm3) samples were collected from 10 plants randomly from fields. The samples were disinfected with 75% ethanol for 5 s, and then rinsed three times with distilled water (DW). Five small pieces for each collected petiole and tuber (about 0.25 cm2 in area) were ground in DW; the suspension was plated on Luria Bertani agar and incubated for 12 h at 28°C. Single colonies were picked and re-streaked three times to purify the bacterial culture. The colonies were creamy, short rod-shaped, gray translucent, and with shiny texture. Gram staining revealed red color, confirming it as Gram-negative bacteria (Werkman et al. 1932). For molecular analysis, DNA was directly extracted from single colony using FastPure Bacteria DNA Isolation Mini Kit (Vazyme Biotech Co., Ltd. Nanjing, China). Four gene-specific markers (16S rRNA, dnaJ, atpD, and ropB) were then amplified using their respective primer pairs (Monciardini et al. 2002). The sequences obtained from four strains, namely ZAPR22R, ZAPR22L, ZAPR22P and ZAPR22S, were submitted after editing to GenBank with accession numbers OP740771.1-OP740774.1 for 16S rRNA, OP759518.1-OP759521.1 for atpD, OP759514.1-OP759517.1 for dnaJ, and OP759510.1-OP759513.1 for ropB genes. All of these gene sequences have the highest BLAST hit to Providencia rettgeri with 94.8% to 99.8% sequence identity (expcept dnaJ, 88.3%) and 96% to 100% of coverage. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on sequences of all four genes using RAxML v8.2.12 (github.com/stamatak/standard-RAxML) showed that the calla lily bacterial strains were clustered with type strain of P. rettgeri). Koch's postulate was performed to confirm the pathogenicity of the bacterial strain ZAPR22R by inoculating petiole base of 20 seedlings of Zantedeschia cv. 'Jingcai Yangguang' with the classical injection procedure. Three sites 1-2cm above the petiole base of individual plant were injected with 100 µl of 108 CFU/ml bacteria, and each was spaced 1 cm apart. All samples were incubated with 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness in a culture chamber at 70-80% relative humidity and 30℃. Soft rot symptoms were developed at the inoculated site after twenty days of inoculation, while no symptoms appeared in the controls. Bacteria reisolated from the inoculated tissues had similar phenotypes and identical molecular characteristics as the original isolate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of P. rettgeri on calla lily in China. P. rettgeri was described as a rhizobacterium that promotes the growth of vegetable crops and lichens from Brazil (Cavalcante da Silva et al. 2020; Swamy et al. 2016). In contrast, it was recently identified as the pathogenic bacterium which cause brown slime flux on Populus tomentosa, a Chinese deciduous tree (Zhou et al. 2020). In the present study, the soft rot was identified as a major disease affecting the growth of calla lily and posing a great threat to commercial calla lily industry. It also provides insights that more studies should be performed on the epidemiology of the disease in different parts of China to establish effective disease management strategies.
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Edgerly, Janice S. « Dispersal Risks and Decisions Shape How Non-kin Groups Form in a Tropical Silk-Sharing Webspinner (Insecta : Embioptera) ». Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 10 (4 mars 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.727541.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Relying on silk can promote sharing, especially when its presence means life and its absence, quick death. In the case of Embioptera, they construct silken tubes and coverings exposed on tree bark in humid and warm environments or in leaf litter and underground in dry habitats. These coverings protect occupants from rain and natural enemies. Of note, adult females are neotenous, wingless and must walk to disperse. Evidence is pulled together from two sources to explore mechanisms that promote the establishment of non-kin groups that typify the neotropical Antipaluria urichi (Clothodidae): (1) a review of relevant information from 40 years of research to identify potential drivers of the facultative colonial system and (2) experimental and observational data exploring how dispersal contributes to group formation. To determine risks of dispersal and decisions of where to settle, adult females were released into the field and their ability to survive in the face of likely predation was monitored. Additional captured dispersers were released onto bark containing silk galleries; their decision to join the silk or to settle was noted. An experiment tested which attributes of trees attract a disperser: vertical or horizontal boles in one test and small, medium, or large boles in another. While walking, experimentally released adult female dispersers experienced a risk of being killed of approximately 25%. Dispersers orient to large diameter trees and join silk of others if encountered. These results align with observations of natural colonies in that adults and late-stage nymphs join existing colonies of non-kin. Experiments further demonstrated that dispersing females orient to vertical and larger diameter tree-like objects, a behavior that matched the distribution of field colonies. The ultimate reason for the observed dispersion pattern is probably because large trees support more expansive epiphytic algae and lichens (the food for this species), although the impact of food resources on dispersion has not been tested. Finally, further research questions and other webspinner species (including parthenogenetic ones) that warrant a closer look are described. Given that this group of primitively social insects, with approximately 1,000 species known, has remained virtually unstudied, one hope is that this report can encourage more exploration.