Thèses sur le sujet « Triticum aestivum – Nutrition – Rendements »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 32 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Triticum aestivum – Nutrition – Rendements ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Bouchard, Marie-Astrid. « Suivi non destructif de l’indice de nutrition azotée par proxi- et télédétection en vue d’un pilotage dynamique et spatialisé de la fertilisation azotée du blé tendre ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR011.
Increase the Nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) to minimize the N pollution while maintaining high crop yield and satisfactory quality at harvest is essential for the development of sustainable agriculture. A better consideration of the spatial and temporal variability of N requirements would allow to adapt N fertilizer rate in space and time to match crops’ demand to increase N recovery. Knowledge of the crop's N status during growth should therefore make it possible to improve fertilisation practices. In this context, the main purpose of this thesis project was to make non-destructive monitoring of the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) N nutrition index (NNI) during crops’ growth with the aim of subsequently integrating this knowledge into a dynamic management approach to N fertilisation. For this purpose, three experimental fields showing various patterns of NNI dynamics were monitored in the North of France, both on field with destructive measurements and with a leaf-clip sensor (Dualex, Force A, Orsay, France), but also with multispectral cameras embedded on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). During the three growing seasons (2019-2021), Dualex leaf-clip presents a stable and relevant application to predict NNI at stage two nodes (R²=0.78). For the first year, commonly used vegetation indices (VI) were calculated from pictures taken by Sequoia camera (Parrot, Paris, France) and evaluated to monitor NNI. The correlation between these VI remains average. According to these results, it was difficult to select a discriminant VI among commonly used VI which confirms the interest in studying new wavelengths to increase VI sensitivity to change in N status. Since 2020, to enhance the investigation of the relationship between VI and NNI, a six-lens multispectral modular camera (Kernel camera, Mapir, San Diego, CA, USA) was used and allow to take picture in 15 wavelengths, from 405nm to 940nm. Measurements taken at 15 wavelengths made it possible to calculate eight VI, with a total of 248 different wavelength combinations. Among these combinations, the combination of green and near-infrared measurements at the beginning of elongation and the associations of the near-infrared with the orange-early red portion of the spectrum at the end of elongation were of interest. Four non-parametric prediction models were then construct and evaluated to consider more explanatory variables than simple VI which combine only few wavelengths’ measurements. The partial least squares (PLS) regression model, which was of most interest in this study, was then combined with proximal sensing measurements to significantly improve the ability to predict N status. A prediction model of NNI combining remote and proximal sensing measurements was therefore built and should be tested in a farmer's plot. This study was completed by monitoring yield components, highlighting the number of spikes.m-² as the yield component most influenced by fertilisation but also the most determinant for yield. Finally, a second part of this work aims to compare the agronomic and environmental performances of 4 decision support tools (DSTs) used by farmers, with the classical balance sheet method (BSM), at the crop succession scale. The fertilizer N dose advised by DSTs was mostly higher than those calculated with the BSM without any significant increases neither in crop yield nor in grain quality. The excess of fertilizer N was weakly recovered by crop and led to over-fertilization, more pronounced in dry condition. In this context, a dynamic fertilisation method based on a diagnosis of nitrogen status or mineral N availability earlier in the season is relevant and could be based on a NNI monitoring model combining proximal and remote sensing measurements
Quraishi, Umar Masood. « Combined meta-genomics approaches to decipher quantitative agronomical traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) ». Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21968.
Baillot, Nadège. « Distribution de la masse individuelle du grain de blé tendre : analyse de la variabilité de la masse en fonction de la position au sein de l'épi ». Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC071.
As the increase in cultivated areas can only be limited, increasing yield is the main way to meet the growing demand for wheat production. Part of this increase may come from the selection of more efficient varieties. They will have to be able to maintain a high level of performance in more unfavourable conditions related to global change. Thousand grain weight is one of the main yield components. It is estimated at the plot scale and represents the average value of a large number of grains. However, there is a large variability in the individual mass of the grains according to their position within the ear. Observing only average values could hide a source of genetic variability that would allow breeding for wheat varieties better adapted to the new climatic constraints imposed by global change. The objective of this work is therefore to identify the ecophysiological determinism of the variability of the individual grain mass as a function of their position within the ear.This study is based on two experiments: the first, conducted in the field at two levels of nitrogen fertilization in 2014, allowed to characterize the mass distribution, to define a methodology for studying this distribution, and to identify contrasting genotypes in order to give a generic character to the results obtained. Two varieties were chosen to test in the second experimentation under controlled conditions, several hypotheses that could be at the origin of the variability of the final dry mass of the grains.Results showed a parabolic distribution of final dry mass of the grains along the ear. Moreover, the proximal grains were heavier than the distal grains within a spikelet. The ablation of spikelets did not highlight physical constraints between spikelets that could explain the variability in final dry matter of the grains. The delay in flowering dates and the duration of grain filling did not seem to explain the variability observed. Similarly, no correlation between the size of ovaries at flowering and the final dry mass of the grains was showed. The differences in final dry mass observed along the ear was finally related to differences in grain growth rate. This work highlighted differences in sink strength within the ear, and enabled to identify parameters that could affect these differences. We hypothesize that the allocation of assimilates between grains is the emerging property of relative sink strength that would express themselves differently between spikelets and between grains of the same spikelet. The next step after this work would therefore be to validate this hypothesis, and to determine all the parameters influencing the final dry mass in order to define, test and validate rules for the allocation of carbon within the grain according to its position in the ear. The underlying objective is to create a mechanistic and dynamic model capable of simulating the impacts of environmental and genetic factors on individual grain dry mass
Capron, Delphine. « Analyse transcriptomique du développement du grain de blé (Triticum aestivum) : implication des E3 ligases et des gènes relatifs aux hormones ». Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF22199.
Wheat grain is an important source of food, feed, and industrial raw materials, but current production levels cannot meet world needs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat grain development will contribute valuable information to improving wheat cultivation. One of the most important mechanisms implicated in plant developmental processes is the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS). Among several implications of the UPS, it has become clear that it plays an essential role in hormone signaling. In particular E3 ubiquitin ligases, from the UPS, have been demonstrated to play critical roles in hormone perception and signal transduction. During these work, wheat cv. Recital were grown in optimum growth conditions. By comparing eleven consecutive time-points from 40°CJ (2 days after anthesis) to 500°CJ (around 25 days after anthesis), 9284 differentially expressed genes were identified during this study. A comparison of these genes in terms of time revealed dynamic transcript accumulation profiles with major re-programming events that occurred during the time intervals of 80-120°Cdays and 220-240°Cdays. The gene expression comparison allows observing genes potentially involved in cell division or grain filling stage. An emphasis was made on the E3 ligases and hormone-related genes (Abscisic acid, Auxin, Brassinosteroid, Cytokinine, Gibberellic acid, Ethylene and Jasmonic acid). 173 E3 ligase coding genes and 126 hormone–related genes were found to be differentially expressed during the cell division and grain filling stages, with a different expression profile for each family. A model describing the timing of the involvement of these genes is proposed to provide a framework for the design of future experiments and for the identification of genes and pathways for further characterization. A majority of the E3 SCF (SKP1-Cullin-F-box), APC/C, Cul3-BTB and Ubox are found expressed in early wheat developmental stages (cell division stage). A majority of auxin, jasmonic acid and brassinostéroïde related genes were found to be up-regulated in early wheat developmental stages while ethylene and abscisic acid related genes were found to be activated during grain filling stage. The differential expression of genes involved in E3 ligase pathways and plant hormone signalling suggested that phytohormones and UPS crosstalk might play a critical role in the wheat grain developmental process. A meta-analysis of these genes led to the identification of 26 E3 ligase candidate genes and 12 hormones-related candidate genes that are preferentially expressed in the endosperm. The functional model that we proposed and the identification of candidate genes should help to better understand wheat grain development
Talouizte, Ahmed. « Absorption et assimilation des nitrates en relation avec l'utilisation des photosynthétats chez le blé Triticum Aestivum L. : influence de la nutrition nitrique et de l'alimentation en eau ». Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112185.
Péron, Alexandre. « Effets des caractères physiques du blé (Triticum aestivum) sur la digestion chez le poulet ». Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S032.
Suhardi. « Importance du soufre organique du sol dans la nutrition soufrée du blé (Triticum Aestivum L. ) ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPL104N.
Kgope, Barney Stephen. « Effects of sustained elevated CO2 concentration and Nitrogen nutrition on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Gamtoos) ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003774.
Meziani, Larbi. « Étude de la croissance et du développement du blé d'hiver (Triticum aestivum L. ) dans différentes conditions de culture : influence du tallage sur la production et le transfert des assimilats ». Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT005A.
Herrera, Cesia Ester Flores. « Nutripriming, com cobre e manganês em sementes de trigo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-01082016-185415/.
Micronutrient application through seeds may consist in an interesting alternative to provide these elements to plants, reducing losses and making them available at their initial growth stages, which may favor their utilization. Nutripriming is a technique that involves seed hydration in aqueous nutrient solution, which combines the priming benefits with the supply of essential elements for plant nutrition. Thus, this research evaluated the adequacy of priming for wheat seeds, the application of copper and manganese through nutripriming and the interference of these procedures on seed quality and seedling development. Wheat cultivars Quartzo and Supera were used; the evaluations were performed in five periods: initial (day 1), 45, 90, 135 and 180 days. Seeds were evaluated by water content, germination (total and first count), seedling emergence (total and speed index), seedlings length (manually and with SVIS® software), electrical conductivity and vigor and uniformity indices seedlings. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized factorial design 7 x 2 (control and doses of micronutrients x non-primed and primed seeds). Regardless the cultivar, nutripriming of wheat seeds, at doses higher than 100 mg Cu / kg seed, negatively affects seedling development, reducing root length. The application of doses 10 and 33 mg Cu / kg seed, via seed dressing or nutripriming, does not affect seed quality and seedling development. The use of manganese, regardless the cultivar and application type, does not interfere on seed quality and seedling development.
Moller, Leandra. « Soil yeasts, mycorrhizal fungi and biochar : their interactions and effect on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and nutrition ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20417.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order to test the effect of different plant growth-promoting strategies on Triticum aestivum L. (wheat), we investigated the ability of biochar and a grain-associated soil yeast, to improve the growth of this crop. Our first goal was to study the effect of biochar amendments to sandy soil on the growth and nutrition of wheat in the presence of mycorrhizal fungi. This was accomplished by amending soil with 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% (w/w) biochar and cultivating wheat plants in these soil-biochar mixtures. After harvesting, plant growth and mycorrhizal colonization of roots were measured. In addition, we studied the nutritional physiology of these plants with regards to nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) concentrations, as well as the growth efficiencies and uptake rates of these nutrients. We found that wheat growth was improved by biochar amendments to soil, probably as a result of elevated K levels in the plant tissues supplied by the biochar amendments. The second goal of this study was to obtain a soil yeast from the rhizosphere of another monocot in the family Poaceae, i.e. Themeda triandra Forssk. (red grass), and then evaluate this isolate for its ability to improve wheat performance. Three different Cryptococcus species were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grass, i.e. Cryptococcus zeae, Cryptococcus luteolus and Cryptococcus rajasthanensis. Since C. zeae was previously isolated from maize, an isolate representing this species was selected to be used in further experimentation. With the ultimate goal of testing the ability of this yeast to improve wheat growth, its effect on wheat germination was investigated and compared to that of two other soil yeasts, i.e. Cryptococcus podzolicus CAB 978 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CAB 826. These three yeasts were subsequently tested for their ability to improve wheat growth in pot cultures in a greenhouse. After one and two months of growth, the culturable yeasts present in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were enumerated. The effects of these yeasts were elucidated by measuring wheat growth in terms of dry weight, as well as root and shoot relative growth rates (RGR). Changes in wheat nutrition were evaluated by determining the concentrations, growth efficiencies and uptake rates for P, K, zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe). During this study, it was found that only C. zeae CAB 1119 and C. podzolicus CAB 978 were able to enhance seed germination. Similarly, it was shown that C. zeae CAB 1119 was able to improve wheat growth during the first and second month of cultivation, whereas C. podzolicus CAB 978 only improved growth during the first month, and R. mucilaginosa CAB 826 had no effect on growth. This improved growth could be attributed to C. zeae CAB 1119 improving the P, K, Zn and Fe growth efficiency of wheat, which positively influenced the root and shoot RGR, and subsequently wheat growth. Our final goal was to test whether C. zeae CAB 1119 could affect wheat growth and nutrition when cultivated in sandy soil, which contained natural microbial consortia and 10% (w/w) biochar. Plants treated with viable or autoclaved cells of C. zeae CAB 1119, were subsequently cultivated in soil only or soil amended with biochar. After one month, plants were harvested and growth was measured with regards to dry weight, root RGR and shoot RGR. In addition, the concentrations of P, K, Zn and Fe were analyzed for these plants, where after the growth efficiencies and uptake rates were calculated for these four nutrients. Results indicated that plants growing in soil amended with biochar, and treated with viable C. zeae CAB 1119, showed the best growth. The increased root and shoot RGR witnessed in these plants was probably due to increased concentrations of P and K in the plants. This study opens new avenues of research with regards to the bio-fertilizers of wheat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die uiteindelike doel van die studie was om die effek van verskillende plantgroei bevorderende metodes op die groei van Triticum aestivum L. (koring) te ondersoek. Dus het ons die vermoë van houtskool en ‘n graan-geassosieerde grondgis getoets om die groei van dié plant te bevorder. Die eerste doel van die studie was om die effek van houtskool toedienings tot sanderige grond te evalueer. Dit is bewerkstellig deur 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 5% en 10% (w/w) van die houtskool by die sand toe te voeg en koring in die houtskool-sand mengsels te kweek. Na die verlangde groei tydperk is die koring geoes en die mikorrizale kolonisasie op en in die koring wortels bepaal. Gedurende hierdie studie is die effek van bogenoemde toedienings op die fisiologie van die plante ondersoek deur die konsentrasies, opname tempo’s, en groei ekonomie van die plante vir stikstof (N), fosfaat (P) en kalium (K) te bepaal. Ons het gevind dat die groei van koring deur die toediening van houtskool bevorder is en dit blyk dat dié effek weens die teenwoordigheid van hoë K vlakke in die plantweefsel is. Die tweede doel van ons studie was om ‘n gis vanuit die risosfeer van ‘n monokotiel wat aan die familie Poacea behoort, naamlik Themeda triandra Forssk. (rooigras) te isoleer. Die vermoë van die isolaat om die groei van koring te bevorder was daarna getoets. Drie verskillende Cryptococcus spesies was vanuit die risosfeer van rooigras geïsoleer, nl. Cryptococcus zeae, Cryptococcus luteolus en Cryptococcus rajasthanensis. Omdat C. zeae in ‘n vorige studie vanaf mielies geisoleer was, is ‘n isolaat van hierdie spesie gebruik in verdere eksperimente. Met die doel om te bepaal of dié gisspesie koringgroei kan bevorder, was die effek van C. zeae op die ontkieming van koring bestudeer en vergelyk met dié van twee ander grond giste, nl. Cryptococcus podzolicus CAB 978 en Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CAB 826. Hierdie drie giste is ook ondersoek om die groei van koring in ‘n glashuis te bevorder. Na een en twee maande se groei was die getalle van giste teenwoordig in die risosfeer en grond verder weg van die wortels bepaal. Die effek van dié giste op die groei van koring is bepaal in terme van droë gewig asook die relatiewe wortel en halm groei tempos. Veranderinge in die nutrient status van koring is ondersoek deur die konsentrasies, groei-ekonomie en tempo van opname vir P, K, sink (Zn) en yster (Fe) te bepaal. Ons het gedurende dié studie gevind dat C. zeae CAB 1119 en C. podzolicus CAB 978 die ontkieming van koring kon verbeter. Ons het ook gevind dat C. zeae CAB 1119 die groei van koring gedurende die eerste en tweede maand van groei kon bevorder, terwyl C. podzolicus CAB 978 dit net gedurende die eerste maand kon vermag en R. mucilaginosa CAB 826 geen effek gehad het nie. Die verbeterde groei kon aan C. zeae CAB 1119, wat die P, K, Zn en Fe groei effektiwiteit van die plante verbeter het, toegeskryf word. Die verbetering van groei effektiwiteit het ‘n positiewe invloed op die relatiewe groeisnelheid van die wortels en halms gehad, en dus op koringgroei. Die laaste doel van die studie was om te bepaal of C. zeae CAB 1119 die groei van koring kon bevorder wanneer die koring in sand wat natuurlike mikrobiese populasies bevat en met houtskool aangevul is, gekweek word. Plante is met lewensvatbare of nielewensvatbare selle van C. zeae CAB 1119 behandel en gekweek in sanderige grond, en/of grond waarby 10% (w/w) houtskool toegevoeg is. Die plante is na een maand geoes en die groei bepaal in terme van droë massa en die relatiewe wortel en halm groei tempos. Die konsentrasies van P, K, Zn en Fe in die plante, asook die fisiologie van die plante, nl. groei ekonomie en tempo van opname, met betrekking tot P, K, Zn en Fe is bepaal, Ons het gevind dat plante wat in die houtskool-grond mengsel gekweek is en met lewensvatbare selle van C. zeae CAB 1119 behandel is die beste groei getoon het. Die verbeterde relatiewe groei tempos van die wortels en halms was mees waarskynlik die gevolg van verhoogde P en K konsentrasies in die plante. Hierdie studie toon nuwe resultate in verband met die gebruik van biologiese alternatiewes tot kunsmis.
Tunes, Lilian Vanussa Madruga de. « Atributos de qualidade em sementes de trigo recobertas com zinco durante e após armazenamento ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3203.
Seed coating treatments are among the most interesting and potentially beneficial for enhancing the performance of the same. This fact, which helps the producer to improve the performance and development of seedlings, with the possibility the use of micronutrients such as zinc, in the seeds. Our objectives were to evaluate the effect of wheat seed coating with zinc through the physiological, sanitary and enzyme quality, during storage and analyze the effect of this nutrient, on nutrition early growth of seedlings and on the components of income after storage. Were tested for levels 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mL ZnSO4.kg-1 seed, high and low quality, for the seed quality physiological, sanitary and enzyme, six months of storage. After the storage period, we assessed the dry mass, zinc content and accumulation in shoots and roots of wheat plants. We also evaluate the efficiency of absorption, transport and use of zinc in addition to verification of the yield components. We conclude that the ZnSO4 assists in maximum expression of seed quality. There are variations in the pattern of expression of the enzymes EST, GOT and GTDH. The micronutrient zinc, associated with fungicide and polymer, showed a lower incidence of fungi during the storage period. The application of ZnSO4 in seeds causes a higher dry matter and zinc content in the roots. Zinc applied to wheat seeds accumulate mainly in roots. The application of ZnSO4 in seeds resulting in higher absorption efficiency and lower transport efficiency and use of Zn, as we increase the doses of the nutrient. Considering the results of the yield components, number of grains per spikelet and grain weight per plant, it can be said that the wheat seed coating with zinc provides a productivity increase of more than 30%.
O recobrimento de sementes está entre os tratamentos mais interessantes e potencialmente benéficos para realçar o desempenho das mesmas. Fato esse, que contribui ao produtor melhorar o desempenho e desenvolvimento das plântulas, com possibilidade da utilização de micronutrientes como o zinco, nas sementes. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito do recobrimento de sementes de trigo com zinco, através da qualidade fisiológica, enzimática e sanitária durante o armazenamento e, analisar o efeito desse micronutriente sobre a nutrição e o crescimento inicial das plântulas e sobre os componentes de rendimento após armazenagem. Foram testados níveis de 0; 1; 2; 3 e 4 mL de ZnSO4.kg-1 de semente, de maior e menor qualidade, para a qualidade fisiológica, enzimática e sanitária das sementes durante seis meses de armazenamento. Após o período de armazenamento, foram avaliados a massa seca, teor e acúmulo de zinco na parte aérea e raiz de plantas de trigo. Foram analisadas também, a eficiência de absorção, transporte e utilização de zinco, além da verificação dos componentes de rendimento. Conclui-se que o ZnSO4 auxilia na máxima expressão da qualidade das sementes. Há variações no padrão de expressão das enzimas EST, GOT e GTDH. O micronutriente zinco, associado com fungicida e polímero, apresentou menor incidência de fungos ao longo do período de armazenamento. A aplicação de ZnSO4 nas sementes, ocasiona uma maior massa seca e teor de zinco nas raízes. O zinco aplicado às sementes de trigo acumula-se principalmente nas raízes. A aplicação de ZnSO4 em sementes, resultou em maior eficiência de absorção e menor eficiência de transporte e utilização de Zn, à medida que aumentam as doses do nutriente. Considerando os resultados dos componentes de rendimento, número de grãos por espigueta e peso de grãos por planta, pode-se dizer que o recobrimento das sementes de trigo com zinco propicia um aumento de produtividade superior a 30%.
Michel, Adriano. « Formação de estruturas androgenéticas por cultura de anteras de trigo em função de doses de nitrogênio e boro aplicadas às plantas doadoras ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-10112014-104052/.
Wheat is the staple food of humanity whose demand grows in proportion to the population growth. There is lack of research about the effect of the nutrition of the donor plant in the androgenetic response. This work aim for evaluate the influence of five concentrations of nitrogen and boron (25%, 50%, 100%, 150% and 200%) from the solution of Sarruge modified, in the cultivation of wheat plants donors of anthers aiming the obtainment of androgenetics embryogenic structures. Both for, were evaluated the yield components (number stalks, diameter and length of the main stem; length, width and area of flag leaf; chlorophyll content of flag leaf, distance between flag leaf and the last node and ear length); the accumulation of degree-days and cycle duration of sowing until collection of ears to the anther´s culture; the formation of androgenetics embryogenic structures and the development of microporous (determination of the number of cells in stages: tetrad, central mononucleate, peripheral mononucleate and binucleated and occurrence of pollen P). It was found that the concentrations of nitrogen significantly affected the yield components, the formation of androgenetics embryogenic structures and the development of microspores. The duration of the cycle of the cultivated plants in the concentration of 25% of nitrogen was lower than in other doses, presenting difference of up to 3.3 days when compared to plants subjected to higher doses. There was a linear increase in the production of androgenetics embryogenic structures in function of increasing doses of nitrogen used in cultivation of donor plants of the anthers. The doses of nitrogen interfered also at the stage of development of microspores, for all variables studied. This influence on the development of microspores was effective while the flag leaf less one was in the first third of displacement in relation to the total distance between the flag leaf and the last node of the culm. The concentrations of boron used in solutions of cultivation of wheat donors plants of anthers did not affect the income components, in the formation of embryogenic structures, on the duration of the cycle of the plant and in the majority of the variables studied in relation to the development of the microspores. The development of microspores in spike followed the normal pattern described for the species, regardless of the nutrients studied. It was concluded that the concentrations of nitrogen positively influenced in yield components (except the length of the ear), the formation of embryogenic structures on and the distance between the flag leaf and the last node of the culm (morphological marker of collection of ears to anther culture), while the concentrations of boron used for the cultivation of plants donated anthers did not have this effect.
Wong, H. M. « Probing the interactions between iron nutrition, salinity and ultraviolet-B radiation on the physiological responses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ». Diss., Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1327.
Naudin, Christophe. « Nutrition azotée des associations Pois-Blé d'hiver (Pisum sativum L. – Triticum aestivum L. ) : Analyse, modélisation et propositions de stratégies de gestion ». Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00482632.
Anne, Sara. « Influence de la nutrition cuprique sur les composantes du rendement du blé dur (Triticum durum) : et étude de la distribution du cuivre radioactif absorbé par voie racinaire ». Toulouse, INPT, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985INPT007A.
Zerbib, Jérémie. « Relations trophiques ente la plante cultivée et les champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules. Importance des champignons mycorhiziens à arbuscules sur la production végétale (en termes de quantité et qualité) ». Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK078.
In its environment, the plant interacts constantly with microorganisms. It is confronted with a variety of beneficial, neutral or pathogenic microorganisms, which are highly dependent on the carbon resources that the plant releases into the soil, giving them a supply of nutrients and energy necessary for their development. The arbuscular mycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiosis formed by 80% of terrestrial plants from the Ordovician period, i.e. about 450 million years ago. The research presented in this manuscript was focused on two main goals: (i) to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying trophic relationships in the mycorrhizal plant, and (ii) to study the impact of mycorhization on plant production, both in terms of quantity and quality. We investigated the mycorrhizal response of wheat landraces in order to understand if there were differences in a semi-controlled environment (greenhouses) or in an uncontrolled environment (field), and / or depending on the community of mycorrhizal fungi. Our results showed that mycorrhization and the nature of endogenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can affect yield, even in wheat varieties with low mycorrhizal ability. We also highlighted the importance of choosing the criteria used to measure this potential gain. In a second line of research, we were interested in the impact of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the development of Micro-Tom tomato, and the trophic exchanges during the interaction. Multivariate analysis revealed behavioral differences between plants at mature green fruit and red ripening stages depending on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal strain, as well as potential interaction event between two arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus trains. Our results confirm that the arbuscules are not the only sites of exchange in arbuscular mycorrhiza. The third axis of this work focused on the potential impact of seed production methods of ancient tomato varieties in drought condition, both on the endogenous community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the field, on the tolerance of the plant to water stress and on crop production in terms of fruit yield and quality. The experimental site was located in the Potager de santé (seed farm managed by Pascal Poot). Our results show no difference, under conditions of water stress in the field, between varieties regularly cultivated on this site and commercial varieties. Then, one may wonder if other factors related to the exploitation site, such as the beneficial microorganisms interacting with the roots of the plants could be at the origin of the increased tolerance to water stress. Work is underway in the laboratory to study this hypothesis. All of this work paves the way for new research aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of trophic exchanges during arbuscular mycorrhizae and the valuation of the ecosystem services rendered by arbuscular mycorrhizae in the field
Ruelle, Pierre. « Variabilité spatiale à l'échelle de parcelles de cultures : étude expérimentale et modélisation des bilans hyriques et des rendements ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10035.
Daraja, Yusuf B. « The effects of intercropping, nitrogen and sulphur nutrition on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Faba Bean (Vicia faba) in different production systems ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515808.
Van, der Leij Martina. « A 14C and 15N study of the effects of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on carbon allocation in Triticum aestivum L. and Zea mays L ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18332.
Bednarek, Julie. « Analyse fonctionnelle de TaGW2, une E3 ligase de type RING, dans le développement du grain de blé tendre (Triticum aestivum) ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857341.
Bogard, Matthieu. « Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de l'écart à la relation teneur en protéines - rendement en grains chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.) ». Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679581.
Calle, Ayma Eddy Wilfredo. « Effect of canihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean (Glycine max M) sprouts on the feeding of guinea pigs for growth ». BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5340.
Stefen, Deivid Luis Vieira. « Nitrogênio em cobertura e redutores de crescimento no rendimento de grãos e na qualidade industrial do trigo ». Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2013. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1176.
The lack of incentive to production, small crop area and low grain yield are the main factors to annual deficit in Brazilian wheat production. The production can be increased by the area and/or grain yield. The use of nitrogen in wheat can to increase grain yield, but the N excess associated to the weather (rain and wind) can lead the occurrence of lodging and negatively affect the yield and grain quality. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen application during the grain filling, associated with the use of plant growth retardants on the characteristics of plant height, yield and industrial quality of wheat cultivar Mirante. The experiment was carried out under field conditions in the experimental area of the Santa Catarina State University - UDESC in Lages SC, in the 2011 and 2012 growing seasons. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. For plant height and yield were used two times of application of nitrogen (at vegetative and vegetative plus reproductive stages) associated with six- growth retardants. For industrial quality evaluations the nitrogen topdressing was used in two application times (at vegetative and vegetative plus reproductive stages) associated with etil-trinexapac retardant. In both experiments the retardants were applied in two doses (stages 31 and 32 first and second visible nodes in the main stem of the plant) plus the control. Treatments were: control (no retardant), mepiquat chloride (25 g a.i. ha-¹), chlorocoline chloride (25 g a.i. ha-¹), chlormequat chloride (25 g a.i. ha-¹), etil-trinexapac (100 g a.i. ha-¹), proexadione-Ca (110 g a.i. ha-¹) and ethephon (110 g a.i. ha-¹), which were applied by sprayer pressurized with CO2 at a rate equivalent to 200 L ha-¹. The use of growth retardant lead to shortest plant height, and the etil-trinexapac and proexadione-Ca were provided to lowest plant height. The use growth retardant plus nitrogen fertilization in the reproductive stage did not affect grain yield. The use of etil-trinexapac positively affected the tenacity, extensibility, extensibility and toughness over falling number. Applying N at reproductive stage of wheat led to an increase in sedimentation, extensibility, protein content, wet gluten, dry gluten and gluten strength in improving the industrial quality of wheat; however the magnitude of the response was dependent manner of the environmental conditions in each crop year
A falta de incentivo à produção, a pequena área cultivada e os baixos tetos produtivos são fatores que contribuem para o déficit anual na produção brasileira de trigo. O aumento da produção pode ser por aumento da área e/ou da produtividade de grãos. O uso de nitrogênio na cultura do trigo visa o aumento da produtividade, porém o excesso deste nutriente aliado ao clima (chuva e vento) pode favorecer a ocorrência de acamamento e diminuir o rendimento e a qualidade final dos grãos. Desta forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura durante o estádio vegetativo e reprodutivo, associado ao uso prévio de redutores de crescimento sobre as características de altura de planta, produtividade e qualidade industrial do trigo, cultivar Mirante. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, na área experimental da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina - UDESC, em Lages SC, nos anos agrícolas 2011 e 2012. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Para altura de plantas e produtividade foram utilizados dois diferentes momentos de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura (estádio vegetativo) e (estádio vegetativo+reprodutivo) associado ao uso prévio de seis redutores de crescimento. Para a qualidade industrial foi utilizado o nitrogênio em dois diferentes momentos de aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura (estádio vegetativo) e (estádio vegetativo+reprodutivo) associado ao uso prévio do redutor de crescimento etil-trinexapac. Em ambos os experimento os redutores foram aplicados em duas doses (estádios 31 e 32 primeiro e segundo nós visíveis no colmo da planta) mais a testemunha. Os redutores utilizados foram: testemunha (sem redutor), cloreto de mepiquate (25 g i.a. ha-¹), cloreto de clormequate (25 g i.a. ha-¹), cloreto de clorocolina (25 g i.a. ha-¹), etil-trinexapac (100 g i.a. ha-¹), proexadione-Ca (110 g i.a. ha-¹) e o etefom (110 g i.a. ha-¹); os quais foram aplicados via pulverizador costal pressurizado com CO2, com uma vazão equivalente a 200 L ha-¹. O emprego dos redutores de crescimento reduziu a altura das plantas, sendo que o etil-trinexapac e o proexadione-Ca foram os que proporcionaram plantas de menor altura. O uso dos redutores de crescimento e da adubação nitrogenada no estádio vegetativo+reprodutivo não afetou o rendimento de grãos. O emprego do etil-trinexapac afetou positivamente a tenacidade, extensibilidade, relação tenacidade/extensibilidade e o número de queda. A aplicação de N na fase reprodutiva do trigo propiciou um aumento na extensibilidade, teor de proteína, glúten úmido, glúten seco e na força do glúten melhorando a qualidade industrial do trigo, entretanto a magnitude da resposta foi dependente do ano agrícola
Talouizte, Ahmed. « Absorption et assimilation des nitrates en relation avec l'utilisation des photosynthétats chez le Blé, Triticum aestivum L. influence de la nutrition nitrique et de l'alimentation en eau / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610145t.
Blum, Susana Churka. « ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS DE UM LATOSSOLO E OMPORTAMENTO DO TRIGO E DA SOJA NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO INFLUENCIADOS PELA APLICAÇÃO E REAPLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA PONTA GROSSA – PR ». UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2008. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2181.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Gypsum application provides chemical changes on soil that can improve crop yield. This study was carried out to investigate the gypsum application and reapplication effects on soil chemical attributes, mineral nutrition and wheat and soybean grain yields under a no-till system. A field experiment was established in 1998 on a dystrophic clayey Rhodic Hapludox, in Ponta Grossa, Parana State, Brazil. A randomized complet block design was used, with three replications, in a split plot experiment. Gypsum was surface-applied at rates of 0, 3, 6, and 9 t ha-1 in 1998 (main plots) and two rates of gypsum at 0 and 6 t ha-1 were reapplied on the soil surface in 2004 (subplots). Mineral nutrition and graind yields of wheat (cv. OR 1), conventional soybean (cv. BRS 154) and tansgenic soybean (cv. CD 214 RR) were evalueted in the period of 2005-2007. Gypsum rates applied in 1998 presented long-term effects, mainly increasing the S-SO4 2- content and raising wheat dry mass. Grain yields of wheat, conventional soybean and transgenic soybean were not influenced by gypsum applied in 1998. Gypsum reaplication in 2004 increased the exchangeable Ca2+ and S-SO4 2- contents in all soil profile (0-60 cm), increased Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, mainly on topsoil (0-5 and 5-10 cm), decreased Al3+ saturation on subsoil (20-40 and 40-60 cm) and provided leaching of exchangeable Mg2+ from topsoil (0-5 cm). Gypsum reapplication increased the concentrations of K, Ca, and S in wheat leaves and the Ca concentration in conventional soybean (cv. BRS 154) leaves. Grain yields of wheat and transgenic soybean (cv. CD 214 RR) were increased by gypsum reapplication. The increment in wheat yield with gypsum reapplication was related to increase in exchangeable Ca2+, Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio, and S-SO4 2- content, and also to decrease in exchangeable Al3+ and Al3+ saturation in the subsoil layers. Transgenic soybean yield (CD 214 RR) was higher with gypsum reapplication due to increase in the S-SO4 2- level in the soil, showing that the transgenic genotype (CD 214 RR) has probably demand higher in sulfur than the conventional genotype (cv. BRS 154). Gypsum reapplication at 6 t ha-1 in 2004 increased the cumulative grain yield of wheat and soybean in 7% in the period from 2005 through 2007, indicating technical viability on soil with low acidity in the subsurface layers.
A adição de gesso agrícola proporciona modificações químicas no solo que podem beneficiar a produção das culturas. Com o objetivo de estudar os efeitos da aplicação e reaplicação de gesso agrícola nos atributos químicos do solo, na nutrição mineral e na produção de grãos de trigo, soja convencional e soja transgênica cultivados em sistema plantio direto, realizou-se um experimento em um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico textura argilosa, em Ponta Grossa (PR). O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas receberam quatro doses de gesso (0, 3, 6 e 9 t ha-1) em 1998 e, nas subparcelas, foram reaplicadas duas doses de gesso (0 e 6 t ha-1) em 2004. As culturas de trigo (cv. OR 1), soja convencional (cv. BRS 154) e soja transgênica (cv. CD 214 RR) foram avaliadas quanto a nutrição mineral e a produção de grãos no período de 2005-2007. As doses de gesso aplicadas em 1998 tiveram efeito de longa duração no solo, principalmente no aumento da disponibilidade de S-SO4 2-, aumentaram a produção de massa seca do trigo, mas não influenciaram a produção de grãos de trigo e soja - convencional e transgênica. A reaplicação de gesso efetuada em 2004 aumentou os teores de Ca2+ trocável e de sulfato disponível em todo o perfil do solo (0-60 cm), aumentou a relação Ca2+/Mg2+, principalmente nas camadas superficiais do solo (0-5 e 5-10 cm), reduziu a saturação por Al3+nas camadas do subsolo (20-40 e 40-60 cm) e promoveu lixiviação de Mg2+ trocável da camada superficial do solo (0-5 cm). A reaplicação de gesso aumentou os teores de K, Ca e S nas folhas de trigo e de Ca nas folhas de soja convencional (cv. BRS 154). A produção de grãos do trigo e de soja transgênica (cv. CD 214 RR) foi aumentada com a reaplicação de gesso. O aumento na produção de trigo com a reaplicação de gesso esteve relacionado com o aumento de Ca2+trocável, da relação Ca/Mg e do sulfato disponível no solo, e ainda, com a diminuição do Al3+trocável e da saturação por Al3+ nas camadas do subsolo. A produção de soja transgênica (cv. CD 214 RR) foi aumentada devido ao aumento de sulfato disponível no solo proporcionado pela reaplicação de gesso, mostrando que o genótipo transgênico (CD 214 RR) provavelmente possui maior exigência em enxofre do que o genótipo convencional (cv. BRS 154). A reaplicação de 6 t ha-1 de gesso em 2004 aumentou em 7% a produção acumulada de grãos de trigo e soja no período de 2005–2007, mostrando viabilidade técnica em solo com baixa acidez em subsuperfície.
Galetto, Shivelly Los. « EFICIÊNCIA DA ADUBAÇÃO FOSFATADA INFLUENCIADA PELA APLICAÇÃO DE GESSO AGRÍCOLA EM SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO ». UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2299.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The main objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of phosphate fertilization influenced by the application of agricultural gypsum for wheat and soybean crops under notillage system. For this, two experiments were carried out in the field and two in a greenhouse.The experiments in the field were installed in October 2013 in the municipality of Ponta Grossa – PR, in two Oxisols with different textural classes: a Red Oxisol (LV) clay texture and a Red-Yellow Oxisol (LVA) sandy-loam texture. The experimental design of the two soils was a randomized complete block in a split-plot, with three replications. In the plots,four rates of P (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) in the form of triple superphosphate (TSP) were applied at sowing and, in the subplots, four rates of agricultural gypsum (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1),on the soil surface, before soybean sowing. In both soils, the immediate effects of treatments with P2O5 and gypsum in the soybean crop were evaluated. The effects of treatments on the succession of wheat (2014) – soybean (2014–15) were also evaluated in the clay Red Oxisol.In this case, in each crop (soybean and wheat), the same rates of P P2O5, in the form of TSP,were applied at the sowing, and the residual effect of the application of agricultural gypsum was evaluated. The experiments in greenhouse were carried out with wheat and soybean crops in undisturbed columns of soil. The PVC columns were taken from the Red Oxisol used in the field experiment. The experimental design used for each culture was in randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments were: control, agricultural gypsum and pure CaSO4.2H2O, without and with application of P2O5, in the form of TSP. The rate of agricultural gypsum and pure CaSO4.2H2O was corresponding to 6 t ha-1 and the rate of P was 90 kg ha-1 of P2O5. In all experiments, soil chemical attributes, plant attributes (nutrient extraction and dry mass production) and root attributes were evaluated. In the field experiments, nutritional diagnosis, nutrient exportation and grain yield of the crops were also evaluated. The P utilization efficiencies were calculated for wheat and soybean crops. In general, it was observed that, in the short term, gypsum did not influence P use efficiency (PUE) by soybean cultivated in RL and BL, but the residual effect of gypsum increased PUE by the rate of 5 t ha-1, and also the PUE of the soybean, up to the rate of 4.3 t ha-1. Adjusting the gypsum and P at sowing rates appropriately, it was possible to obtain high grain yields of wheat (above 4,5 t ha-1) and soybean (above 4 t ha-1) and provides economy of the phosphate fertilizer. However, it has been observed in all years that the highest rate of P at sowing (90 kg ha-1 of P2O5) associated with the highest rate of agricultural gypsum (6 t ha-1), in soils that had high levels of P, impaired root growth and wheat and soybean grain yields. In the experiments in greenhouse, it was verified that the application of pure CaSO4.2H2O and with 90 kg ha-1 of P2O5 at the sowing promoted improvement in the root system and in the production of wheat dry mass, and did not interfere in the soybean crop. These results have shown that the use of gypsum can increase PUE and improve the productive performance of wheat and soybean plants. However, the use of high rates of P at sowing associated with high rates of agricultural gypsum should be carried out with caution, especially in soils that already have adequate levels of available P, so that crop performance do not be impaired.
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da adubação fosfatada influenciada pela aplicação de gesso agrícola para as culturas de trigo e soja, em sistema plantio direto. Para isso, foram realizados dois experimentos em campo e dois em ambiente protegido. Os experimentos no campo foram instalados em outubro de 2013 no município de Ponta Grossa – PR, em dois solos com diferentes classes texturais: um Latossolo Vermelho (LV) textura argilosa e um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) textura franco-arenosa. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos ao acaso, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Nas parcelas, foram aplicadas, no sulco de semeadura, quatro doses de P (0,30, 60 e 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) na forma de superfosfato triplo (SFT) e, nas subparcelas, foram empregadas doses de gesso agrícola (0, 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1), antes da semeadura da soja. Em ambos os solos, foram avaliados os efeitos imediatos dos tratamentos com P2O5 e gesso na cultura da soja. No Latossolo Vermelho argiloso também foram avaliados os efeitos dos tratamentos na sucessão de culturas trigo (2014) – soja (2014–15). Nesse caso, em cada cultivo de soja e trigo, as mesmas doses de P2O5, na forma de SFT, foram aplicadas no sulco de semeadura, sendo avaliado o efeito residual da aplicação de gesso agrícola. Os experimentos em ambiente protegido foram realizados com as culturas de trigo e soja, em colunas indeformadas de solo. As colunas em PVC foram retiradas do Latossolo Vermelho utilizado no experimento de campo. O delineamento experimental utilizado, para cada cultura, foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: controle, gesso agrícola e CaSO4.2H2O puro, sem e com aplicação de P2O5, na forma de SFT. A dose de gesso agrícola e de CaSO4.2H2O puro foi correspondente a 6 t ha-1 e a dose de P foi de 90 kg ha-1 de P2O5. Em todos os experimentos foram avaliados atributos químicos de solo, atributos de planta (extração de nutrientes e produção de massa seca) e atributos de raízes. Nos experimentos no campo foram ainda avaliados a diagnose nutricional, a exportação de nutrientes e o rendimento de grãos das culturas. As eficiências de aproveitamento do P também foram calculadas paras culturas de trigo e soja. De maneira geral, observou-se que,em curto prazo, o gesso não influenciou a eficiência de uso do P (EUP) pela soja cultivada nos solos LV e LVA, mas o efeito residual do gesso aumentou a EUP pela cultura do trigo,até a dose de 5 t ha-1, e também a EUP da soja, até a dose de 4,3 t ha-1. Ajustando-se adequadamente as doses de gesso e as doses de P na semeadura, além da economia do fertilizante fosfatado, foi possível obter altas produtividades de grãos de trigo (acima de 4,5 t ha-1) e soja (acima de 4 t ha-1). Porém, observou-se, em todos os anos, que a dose mais elevada de P na semeadura (90 kg ha-1 de P2O5) associada à dose mais elevada de gesso agrícola (6 t ha-1), em solos que continham altos teores de P, prejudicou o crescimento radicular e o rendimento de grãos de trigo e soja. Nos experimentos em ambiente protegido, constatou-se que a aplicação de CaSO4.2H2O puro juntamente com 90 kg ha-1 de P2O5 na semeadura promoveu melhoria no sistema radicular e na produção de massa seca da parte área de plantas de trigo, e não interferiu na cultura da soja. Esses resultados comprovaram que a utilização de gesso pode aumentar a EUP e melhorar o desempenho produtivo das plantas de trigo e soja. Porém, a utilização de altas doses de P na semeadura associada com altas doses de gesso agrícola deve ser realizada com cautela, principalmente em solos que já apresentem teores adequados de P disponível, para que o desempenho das culturas não seja prejudicado.
Streiff, Kathy. « Optimisation de la production de semences hybrides de blé tendre : détermination des facteurs limitants ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL023N.
Dutilloy, Emma. « Biocontrôle des maladies du blé et de l'orge à l'aide de bactéries bénéfiques ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023REIMS070.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are among the main cereals cultivated worldwide due to their economic and social significance. However, their yield can drop by more than 40% when infected by the ascospore Zymoseptoria tritici, causing wheat septoria, and by Pyrenophora teres, which causes net blotch. Therefore, to reduce the use of pesticides, this project aimed to identify a strain that can significantly reduce the symptoms caused by these two pathogens. The strain Bacillus velezensis BE2 DSM115797 was chosen for its antifungal properties, both in vitro and in planta. An in-depth study of the mechanisms of action revealed that, when applied to the roots of wheat and barley, the bacterium significantly reduced leaf symptoms, inducing systemic resistance in the plant. Transcriptomic and metabolomic studies confirmed that the bacteria, once applied, did not trigger an immediate response in the plant. However, after a pathogenic infection, plants inoculated with the BE2 strain showed a more pronounced activation of their defense mechanisms, leading to a potentiating effect in the plant. At the bacterial level, a direct antagonism was also demonstrated with the identification of secondary metabolites that have antifungal effects on both fungi. Moreover, the production of these metabolites varied based on the presence of the pathogens
Silva, João Miguel Borges Branco da. « Evaluation of drought tolerance in several genotypes of spelt (Triticum aestivum Var. Spelta) ». Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14610.
Graham, Alison Wendy. « Effects of zinc nutrition and high temperature on the growth, yield and grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ». 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37982.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Agriculture and Wine, 2004.
Lajeunesse, Simon L. « Le Triticum aestivum L. cv Major et cv Fuzion en culture biologique ou conventionnelle : comparaison des rendements en grains, de leur qualité panifiable et de l’incidence de la fusariose ». Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22247.