Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Trichonematidae »

The faunas of horses trichonematids were studied for the first time in the biogeocenoses of Karakalpakstan. The main material was the gathering of nematodes of the Trichonematidae family – parasites of horses of Karakalpakstan. Helminths were collected in 2016–2018 in 113 animals of slaughter animals according to generally accepted methods. When assessing the degree of infection of horses with trichonematids, standard parasitological indicators were used: the extensiveness of invasion – EI (%) and the intensity of invasion – II (specimen). Under the conditions of Karakalpakstan, in horses we found 31 species of trichonematids – parasites of the large intestine belonging to 7 genera, 3 tribes, 2 subfamilies of the Trichonematidae Witenberg family, 1925. The intensity of invasion by individual species ranged from 0.9% to 38.9%, with an intensity of invasion 8–314 copies. Cases of monoinvasions were not revealed; from 2 to 7 types of trichonematids parasitized in animals at the same time. The fauna of trichonematids of horses includes 31 species belonging to 2 subfamilies: the subfamily Trichonematinaeconsists of 30 species and Gyalocephalinae – 1 species. The combination of these species causes serious diseases under the common name – trichonematiosis, which are widely distributed in the studied region.

The purpose of the research is to study the spread of parasitic diseases that cause pathologies in horses and to evaluate the effectiveness of deworming with a feed and drug mixture that contains an effective anthelmintic and mineral supplement.Materials and methods. Seasonal and age helminth infection dynamics in young horses was studied by coproovoscopic and larvoscopic examinations monthly. A total of 50 foals were studied, namely, 20 foals aged under one year, 15 foals aged up to two years, and 15 foals aged up to three years. Infection prevalence and intensity in the horses was determined by the complete helminthological dissection of the gastrointestinal tract per K. I. Skrjabin. The detected helminths were fixed in 70% alcohol.Results and discussion. The most common Strongylata species were Alfortia edentatus, Delafondia vulgaris, Strongylus equinus and numerous species of Trichonematidae. The studied foals were showed the maximum prevalence of the S. equinus infection of 80% in November, and the minimum, 35.7% in August; the A. edentatus infection was 78.6 % in January, and 46.6% in November, respectively. The D. vulgaris infection peak of up to 86.6% was recorded in November-December, and the minimum, up to 66.6% in March. The foals were infected with Trichonematidae throughout the year.

The aim of the research was to study the invasiveness of horses with strongylates of the gastrointestinal tract in the Novosibirsk Region. Diagnostic methods generally accepted in helminthology were used in the work, such as the helminthovoscopic flotation method by Fulleborn and the helmintholarvoscopic method by BermanOrlov. Material for our study, namely, feaces samples, were collected at the farms of certain districts of the Novosibirsk Region and private sports stables in Novosibirsk which differ in the technology of keeping horses. The wide distribution of equid helminthiases has been established. The variety of helminths in the gastrointestinal tract of horses is represented by helminths of the Nematoda class, which includes 2 suborders – Strongylata (families Trichonematidae and Strongylidae) and Ascaridata (Parascaris equorum). Parasitoses in horses of the stable and stablepasture management occur in the form of mixtinvasions with strongylates prevailing; Parascaris equorum act as subdominants. The average number of animals infected with strongylates at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region where the stable and pasture maintenance of horses is practiced amounted to 74.9%, respectively, with an average number of eggs 739.9 per gram of feces. In urban conditions, the invasiveness of horses by strongylates is 2 times lower and recorded at 33.3%. Trichonematids are the basis of the strongylate community, however, the infection rate of one-hoofed animals in Novosibirsk is also 2 times lower than at the farms of the Novosibirsk Region and amounts to 25.8%.

Analysis of the situation on helminthiasis of soliped in the city of Ivanovo showed the following results. The helminthofauna of animals is represented by strangulations of the gastrointestinal tract of the genera Delafondia, Alfortia, and nematodes from the Trichonematidae family. Also, one of the common diseases of ungulates is parascariosis. The highest extensiveness of invasion by helminths is observed in young animals in age of 1–12 months (75.4–91.7%), moderate – in animals of 1–3 years (22.5–68.8%), the lowest – in horses older than 3 years (7.71–18.3%).The main reasons for the widespread invasion are unsatisfactory conditions of keeping and feeding animals, random grazing (regimen) and the lack of scientifically-based schemes of dehelminthization animals. Thus, the contamination of horses with helminths in the conditions of the city of Ivanovo depends on the conditions of their maintenance and feeding. Due to the high infection of horses and the wide spread of helminthiasis in Ivanovo, the task of developing a scientifically based system of preventive and therapeutic measures for farms of various forms of ownership is urgent. Contamination of horses with helminths depends on the conditions of their maintenance and feeding. Horses has high contamination and distribution of helminthosis in city of Ivanovo. The development of a scientifically based system of preventive and therapeutic measures for farms of various forms of ownership is relevant.

The research purpose was to study the distribution of the main Strongylata infections of horses in the provinces of the Altai Republic. Infective larvae of strongylates after their cultivation were isolated by the Berman-Orlov method and subsequently identified taking into account morphometric characteristics. The ubiquitous distribution of helminths of the suborder Strongylata with heterogeneity of infection in ungulates was detected in the context of administrative districts and provinces. In the provinces as a whole and in administrative districts, species of the family Trichonematidae predominate, and their infection rate in horses significantly exceeds the infection with other strongylates (IP, 64–99%). The infection rate of nematodes of the family Strongylidae, including Strongylus, Alfortia and Delafondia is 2–4 times smaller and is 31.9, 20.4 and 10.6%, respectively. On the farms of the Southeastern Altai (Kosh-Agachsky District), the invasion of ungulates with strongylates in general including Trichonema, Alfortia and Delafondia is 2-10 times lower than in other districts of the Republic and amounts to 59.6, 51.6, 4.8 and 3.2%, respectively. The sharp difference in the infection of animals in this region in our opinion is mainly associated with the topographic and landscape features of the area and is due to the low heat supply and aridity of the climate in most of the territory.