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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Trends to equilibrium »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 janvier 2025

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

N. « Tourism Equilibrium Price Trends ». American Journal of Applied Sciences 9, n^o 4 (1 avril 2012) : 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2012.472.477.

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Cattiaux, Patrick, et Arnaud Guillin. « Trends to equilibrium in total variation distance ». Annales de l'Institut Henri Poincaré, Probabilités et Statistiques 45, n^o 1 (février 2009) : 117–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-aihp152.

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Eary, L. Edmond. « Geochemical and equilibrium trends in mine pit lakes ». Applied Geochemistry 14, n^o 8 (novembre 1999) : 963–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-2927(99)00049-9.

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Tembe, Bhalachandra L. « Trends in the equilibrium theory of polyatomic fluids ». Journal of Chemical Sciences 99, n^o 1-2 (août 1987) : 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02935784.

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Zhao, Ziyang, Yihui Cai et Yafeng Yang. « Construction and Application of a Water Resources Spatial Equilibrium Model : A Case Study in the Yangtze River Economic Belt ». Water 15, n^o 16 (18 août 2023) : 2984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15162984.

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The Yangtze River Economic Belt, as crucial component of China’s “T-shaped” strategy for territorial development and economic layout, has been challenged by the unbalanced spatial distribution of water resources, which has seriously affected high-quality development in harmony with the social economy and ecological environmental protection. In this study, we aim to enhance the conceptual definition of water resource spatial equilibrium. Additionally, we propose a water resource spatial equilibrium evaluation model based on a variable set and partial connection number. This model effectively addresses the limitations of traditional methods by incorporating fuzzy indices and dynamic information, which have previously been overlooked. The spatiotemporal characteristics and future evolutionary trend of water resource spatial equilibrium were analyzed in 11 provinces and 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1999 to 2018. The results showed that the conceptual definition of water resource spatial equilibrium involves the water resource endowment, water resource development, water resource utilization, water resource supply and demand, water resource matching, and water resource protection. The water resource spatial equilibrium in the 11 provinces gradually improved following a temporal trend; in terms of the spatial trend, the south was better than the north and the west was better than the east. These provinces were sorted as follows: Yunnan > Sichuan > Zhejiang > Jiangxi > Hunan Province > Guizhou > Hubei > Chongqing > Anhui > Jiangsu > Shanghai. The evolutionary trend increased except in Yunnan. The water resource spatial equilibrium of the 110 cities showed that the spatial trends of the three major urban agglomerations were much better than in the other regions, and the temporal trend steadily improved. The 11 provinces and 110 cities could be divided into three and five categories, respectively, according to their spatiotemporal trends. City-scale research on water resource spatial equilibrium can effectively identify and optimize the control area compared with using a provincial scale. When the control targets were set to 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, the proportion of the administrative area based on the city scale decreased by 1.20%, 4.99%, 10.52%, and 19.05%, respectively.

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Syamsuddin, Muhammad, Muhammad Fakhruddin, Jane Theresa Marlen Sahetapy-Engel et Edy Soewono. « Causality Analysis of Google Trends and Dengue Incidence in Bandung, Indonesia With Linkage of Digital Data Modeling : Longitudinal Observational Study ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, n^o 7 (24 juillet 2020) : e17633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17633.

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Background The popularity of dengue can be inferred from Google Trends that summarizes Google searches of related topics. Both the disease and its Google Trends have a similar source of causation in the dengue virus, leading us to hypothesize that dengue incidence and Google Trends results have a long-run equilibrium. Objective This research aimed to investigate the properties of this long-run equilibrium in the hope of using the information derived from Google Trends for the early detection of upcoming dengue outbreaks. Methods This research used the cointegration method to assess a long-run equilibrium between dengue incidence and Google Trends results. The long-run equilibrium was characterized by their linear combination that generated a stationary process. The Dickey-Fuller test was adopted to check the stationarity of the processes. An error correction model (ECM) was then adopted to measure deviations from the long-run equilibrium to examine the short-term and long-term effects. The resulting models were used to determine the Granger causality between the two processes. Additional information about the two processes was obtained by examining the impulse response function and variance decomposition. Results The Dickey-Fuller test supported an implicit null hypothesis that the dengue incidence and Google Trends results are nonstationary processes (P=.01). A further test showed that the processes were cointegrated (P=.01), indicating that their particular linear combination is a stationary process. These results permitted us to construct ECMs. The model showed the direction of causality of the two processes, indicating that Google Trends results will Granger-cause dengue incidence (not in the reverse order). Conclusions Various hypothesis testing results in this research concluded that Google Trends results can be used as an initial indicator of upcoming dengue outbreaks.

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May, E. M., K. B. Stevenson, Jacob L. Bean, Taylor J. Bell, Nicolas B. Cowan, Lisa Dang, Jean-Michel Desert et al. « A New Analysis of Eight Spitzer Phase Curves and Hot Jupiter Population Trends : Qatar-1b, Qatar-2b, WASP-52b, WASP-34b, and WASP-140b ». Astronomical Journal 163, n^o 6 (10 mai 2022) : 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ac6261.

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Abstract With over 30 phase curves observed during the warm Spitzer mission, the complete data set provides a wealth of information relating to trends and three-dimensional properties of hot Jupiter atmospheres. In this work we present a comparative study of seven new Spitzer phase curves for four planets with equilibrium temperatures T eq ∼ 1300K: Qatar-2b, WASP-52b, WASP-34b, and WASP-140b, as well as a reanalysis of the 4.5 μm Qatar-1b phase curve due to the similar equilibrium temperature. In total, five 4.5 μm phase curves and three 3.6 μm phase curves are analyzed here with a uniform approach. Using these new results, in combination with literature values for the entire population of published Spitzer phase curves of hot Jupiters, we present evidence for a linear trend of increasing hotspot offset with increasing orbital period, as well as observational evidence for two classes of planets in apparent redistribution versus equilibrium temperature parameter space, and tentative evidence for a dependence of hotspot offset on planetary surface gravity in our ∼1300 K sample. We do not find trends in apparent heat redistribution with orbital period or gravity. Nonuniformity in literature Spitzer data analysis techniques precludes a definitive determination of the sources or lack of trends.

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Kalashnikov, Vyacheslav V., Vladimir A. Bulavsky, Nataliya I. Kalashnykova, Junzo Watada et Diego de Jesús Hernández-Rodríguez. « Analysis of Consistent Equilibria in a Mixed Duopoly ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, n^o 6 (20 novembre 2014) : 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0962.

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This paper examines a model of a mixed duopoly with conjectural variations equilibrium (CVE), in which one of the agents maximizes a convex combination of his/her net profit and domestic social surplus. The agents’ conjectures concern the price variations, which depend on their production output variations. Based on the already established existence and uniqueness results for the CVE (called theexterior equilibrium) for any set of feasible conjectures, the notion of interior equilibrium is introduced by developing a consistency criterion for the conjectures (referred to as influence coefficients), and the existence theorem for the interior equilibrium (understood as a CVE state withconsistent conjectures) is proven. When the convex combination coefficient tends to 1, thus transforming the model into the mixed duopoly in its extreme form, two trends are apparent. First, for the private company, the equilibrium with consistent conjectures becomes more proficient than the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Second, there exists a (unique) value of the combination coefficient such that the private agent’s profit is the same in both of the above-mentioned equilibria, which makes subsidies to the producer or to consumers unnecessary.

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Kalashnikov, Vyacheslav V., Vladimir A. Bulavsky, Nataliya I. Kalashnykova, Junzo Watada et Diego de Jesús Hernández-Rodríguez. « Mixed Oligopoly : Analysis of Consistent Equilibria ». Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 18, n^o 6 (20 novembre 2014) : 971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2014.p0971.

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In this paper, a model of mixed oligopoly with conjectured variations equilibrium (CVE) is examined, in which one of the agents maximizes a convex combination of its net profit with the domestic social surplus. The agents’ conjectures concern the price variations, which depend on the variations in their production outputs. Using the established existence and uniqueness results for the CVE (theexterior equilibrium) for any fixed set of feasible conjectures, the notion of the interior equilibrium is introduced by developing a conjecture consistency criterion. Then, the existence theoremfor the interior equilibrium (defined as a CVE state withconsistent conjectures) is proven. When the convex combination coefficient tends to 1 (thus transforming the model into the mixed oligopoly in its extreme form), two trends are apparent. First, for private companies, the equilibrium with consistent conjectures becomes more proficient than the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. Second, there exists a (unique) value of the convex combination coefficient such that the private agent’s aggregate profit is the same in both the above-mentioned equilibria, which makes subsidies to producers or consumers unnecessary.

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CHARIF, I. E., S. M. MEKELLECHE et D. VILLEMIN. « SOLVENT EFFECTS ON THE KETO-ENOL TAUTOMERIC EQUILIBRIUM OF TETRONIC AND ETHYL ACETOACETATE CARBON ACIDS : A THEORETICAL STUDY ». Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 09, n^o 06 (décembre 2010) : 1021–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633610006171.

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The solvent effects on the keto-enol tautomeric equilibriums of ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) and tetronic acid (TA) are theoretically investigated. The present study shows that the most stable keto tautomer of EAA corresponds to the trans diketo, E, Z form; while the most stable enol tautomer corresponds to the structure in which the enolization takes place at the carbonyl group. Our calculations also put in evidence that the keto tautomer of TA prefers the trans diketo, E, E form, while the most stable enol tautomer corresponds to the structure in which the enolization takes place at the carbonyl group. The calculated free energies indicate that, in polar solvents, the keto-enol equilibrium of EAA is shifted towards the keto tautomer, whereas the keto-enol equilibrium of TA is shifted toward the enol tautomer. The trends of the change of equilibrium constants with respect to the change of solvent polarity are well reproduced by both B3LYP and MP2 calculations. The present study shows that the enthalpic term is predominant in the determination of the calculated equilibrium constants and the entropic effect on the calculated Gibbs free energies is found to be very small and has little influence on the studied keto-enol tautomeric equilibriums.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

Gaynor, William Beryl. « The "classical" monetary theories of Marshall, Wicksell, and Keynes and the General theory's critique : equilibrium, price trends, and cycles ». Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74279.

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We first demonstrate the importance of the doctrines of the quantity theory and the long-period stationary state in the formulation of Marshall's, Wicksell's, and Keynes' pre-General Theory monetary theories. We analyze the anomalous events characterized by these writers as short-period phenomena. From the perspective built up around the quantity equation and its long-period context, business cycles represent economic convolutions in which the behavioral mechanisms of the long-period break down. We demonstrate the theoretical breakdown; importantly, it is not reflected in the work of these writers that they understood that their explanations of short-period events undermined the long-period theorizing they carefully built. Second, it is argued that Keynes saw the General Theory as a theory of the short-period in contrast to the long-period monetary frameworks. We use the General Theory's criticisms of classical monetary theory to establish this point.

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Shikwambana, Jamela. « Financial instability in South Africa : trends and interactions within the financial markets ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005911.

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This study seeks to investigate the trends and interactions of market volatility as a source of instability in the South African financial markets. Financial instability can be manifested in the form of banking and currency crisis, institutional failures and extreme asset price volatility. This study, however, focuses on a single aspect of financial instability - asset price volatility. Asset price volatility reflects changes in market expectations as investors react to such changes, and thus on its own is not necessarily a source of instability. However, volatility spillovers can propagate volatility shocks across the market, increasing the risk of widespread instability. Using a combination of graphical and trend analysis as well as more formal estimation techniques, the study examined volatility in the stock, money and foreign exchange markets. To obtain estimates of market volatility, the study experimented with various volatility models that include the GARCH, TARCH and EGARCH. An analysis of volatility interactions and the transmission of volatility shocks across the market is crucial to understanding financial instability. To examine volatility interaction and the transmission of volatility shocks, a VAR model was estimated. This framework allowed us to examine the propagation of shocks across the markets. Volatility in the financial markets was found to be highly persistent and in the case of exchange rates, volatility was also characterised by an increasing trend. Significant linkages between the financial markets were found. The links also extended to the volatility relationship as evidenced by significant volatility spillovers across the markets. While volatility spillovers from the money market were found in the stock market and the foreign exchange market, no volatility spillovers from these markets were found in the money market. Thus the money market was identified as the major source of volatility spillovers and shocks in the financial markets. These results highlighted the role of monetary policy in the financial system, specifically the need to make monetary policy stable and predictable to ensure that interest rate shocks are not an additional source of instability.
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Matthews, Kelly E. « Elucidation of the aqueous equilibrium system of IrH₂(PMe₃)₃Cl and periodic trends of the iridium (III) dihydrido tris(trimethylphosphino) series, IrH₂(PMe₃)₃X ». Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164037/.

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BELOUSOVA, IRINA. « The role of endogenous capital depreciation rate in Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium models ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/251113.

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L’obiettivo principale della tesi è quello di costruire e stimare un modello DSGE in cui si ipotizza un tasso di deprezzamento del capitale variabile nel tempo e si introduce come variable di controllo la manutenzione e riparazione dei beni e servizi. A tal fine viene definita esplicitamente una funzione di deprezzamento correlata positivamente con il tasso di utilizzo del capitale e negativamente con la manutenzione. Dalle condizioni di equilibrio del modello analitico ne deriva che il deprezzamento presenta un trend di crescita nel tempo il quale, in steady state, dipende dallo shock tecnologico agli investimenti specifici. In generale, vengono inclusi nel modello tre tipi di progressi tecnologici: lo shock di produzione neutrale (labor augmenting), lo shock agli investimenti specifici (IST), e lo shock all’efficienza marginale degli investimenti (MEI). Il modello con il deprezzamento endogeno e la manutenzione viene confrontato con il modello base in cui il deprezzamento è costante e la manutenzione è esclusa. Quest’ultimo è costruito sulla base del modello di Justiniano et al. (2011). I risultati di stima del modello con la manutenzione, effettuata sull’economia del Canada, confermano le asserzioni di Justiniano et al. (2011) secondo i quali lo shock all’efficienza marginale degli investimenti (MEI) è il maggior responsabile delle fluttuazioni economiche. Al contrario, lo shock IST risulta essere trascurabile. A differenza sia del modello base che del modello di Justiniano et al. (2011), in risposta allo MEI shock il modello con la manutenzione genera comportamenti ottimali prociclici in tutte le principali variabili macroeconomiche, compreso il consumo. Quest’ultimo, infatti, è controciclico negli altri due modelli. Inoltre, nel modello con la manutenzione le dinamiche ottimali di convergenza delle principali variabili endogene sono amplificate ed il ritorno all’equilibrio di steady state è ritardato. Ciò è dovuto alla presenza del deprezzamento endogeno che a causa dell’obsolescenza aumenta e distrugge così una parte del capitale installato. Nel modello con la manutenzione, inoltre, viene introdotto uno shock nuovo che impatta sul processo di trasformazione dei beni e servizi di manutenzione, lo shock specifico alla manutenzione (MST). Secondo i risultati di stima, nel lungo periodo tale shock non ha alcun potere esplicativo delle variazioni nelle principali variabili endogene, eccetto un impatto trascurabile sulla crescita della manutenzione. Nel breve periodo, tuttavia, tale shock è il maggior responsabile delle variazioni nella manutenzione.
The main objective of the thesis is to build and estimate a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model, in which it is assumed a variable depreciation rate of physical capital and introduced maintenance and repair goods and services as a control variable of the agents. We define an explicit depreciation rate function which is positively related with capital utilization rate and negatively related with maintenance to capital ratio. Along the balanced growth path depreciation rate exhibits a growth trend given by the steady state value of the investment-specific technology progress. We include three types of technological progresses: the labor augmenting technology progress, the investment-specific technology progress (IST) and the marginal efficiency of investment technology progress (MEI). We compare the model with endogenous depreciation and maintenance sector to our baseline DSGE model, which is built following Justiniano et al. (2011). The estimation exercises of our maintenance model, performed on the Canadian economy, confirm the results of Justiniano et al. (2011) according to which the main driver of the business cycle fluctuations is the shock to the marginal efficiency of investment whereas the role of the IST shock is negligible. In response to the MEI shock our model is able to generate co-movement in all the considered real endogenous variables including consumption which in Justiniano et al. (2011) behaves counter cyclically. The optimal paths result to be amplified and convergence is delayed as a consequence of increased depreciation due to obsolescence, which destroys part of installed capital. We as well include in our model a shock which affects the transformation process of the maintenance goods, named the maintenance-specific technology progress. In long run this shock is found to have no effect in the variations of the main real variables except of a low effect on the maintenance growth. On the contrary, it becomes the key-driver of maintenance growth in short run.

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Cordella, Davide. « Equilibrium measures on trees and square tilings ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15909/.

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Nella tesi vengono trattati alcuni argomenti di teoria del potenziale, in particolare le nozioni di capacità di un insieme, funzione di equilibrio e misura di equilibrio. Sono presentate definizioni e principali risultati di teoria del potenziale assiomatica. Tali risultati vengono poi tradotti nel contesto discreto degli alberi, definendo il bordo di un albero come spazio metrico e le capacità dei suoi sottoinsiemi: ad esse sono associate le relative funzioni di equilibrio sui lati dell'albero, che a loro volta corrispondono a misure d'equilibrio sul bordo. Uno dei risultati principali della tesi è la caratterizzazione delle misure di equilibrio sugli alberi in termini di una equazione discreta non lineare. Ad una misura d’equilibrio si può associare uno square tiling, cioè la suddivisione di un rettangolo in piastrelle quadrate non sovrapposte. Sono presentati alcuni esempi di alberi, misure d’equilibrio e tilings associati. Facendo un parallelo con un teorema di I. Benjamini e O. Schramm che associa ad un grafo più generale il tiling di un cilindro, viene data un'interpretazione delle misure d’equilibrio e delle capacità su alberi in termini probabilistici considerando passeggiate aleatorie. Infine viene analizzato un risultato di O. Schramm sulla costruzione di square tilings finiti con un'assegnata struttura combinatoria.

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McNamee, Peter James. « The equilibrium structure and behavior of defoliating insect systems ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27439.

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Defoliating insect systems, defined for the purposes of this thesis as being composed of insects which defoliate forest trees and the species with which they interact, such as their host trees and their natural enemy complexes, exhibit a wide variety of population behaviors. Similarly, a number of theories and models have been proposed to explain these behaviors. These theories emphasize the importance of different ecological processes, often concentrate on the defoliator and overlook the importance of other components. Also, much of the current understanding of the dynamics of these systems has come from forest pest research and management programs, tailored towards specific pest problems and often very short term in nature. This thesis develops and begins to test a general approach for the local dynamics of defoliating insect systems. This framework outlines the system components that are necessary to predict the behavior of defoliating insect systems. It includes ways in which the equilibrium structure of defoliating insect systems, defined as the number of equilibria for each system component, the population levels at which the equilibria occur, and the processes creating the equilibria, might be found. The framework also includes methods of inducing the qualitative behavior of these sys- terns, defined as the periodicity of defoliator outbreaks, the length of outbreaks, and the dynamics of other important system components between, during, and in the decline of defoliator outbreaks. The study begins with a detailed literature review of historical theories of defoliating insect system behavior and of the documented behavior patterns of these systems. Major classes of behavior are identified, as well as the various ecological processes which have been invoked to explain these behaviors. An analysis and documentation of the equilibrium structure and behavior of three defoliating defoliating insect systems, the eastern blackheaded budworm, the eastern spruce budworm, and the jack pine sawfly, are then used to develop general rules about how equilibrium structure and behavior can be explained. This analysis, coupled with the literature review, is used to develop the framework. The framework is then tested against historical defoliator population data and general syntheses of defoliating insect system research to assess its utility and predictability. The major results of the thesis are as follows. First, it appears that the structure and behavior of a defoliating insect system can be explained with five dynamic variables: the abundances of the defoliator; the foliage; the forest; the parasitoid; and the disease; and the effects of weather acting on the defoliator. Second, there appear to be 4 classes of defoliating insect system behavior. Third, the behavior that a defoliating insect system will exhibit seems to be determined by the magnitude of weather effects on defoliator survival and recruitment, the parasitoid numerical response to changing defoliator densities, the disease numerical response to changing defoliator densities, and the vulnerability of the forest to defoliation. Fourth, there seem to be four equilibrium structures the defoliator can exhibit, and one each for the parasitoid, the foliage, the forest, and the disease. Finally, the framework suggests that defoliating insect system structure and behavior can be induced with a particular, well-defined set of information. The framework is successful when applied to particular defoliating insect systems for explaining their behavior, but less successful in explaining defoliator equilibrium structure for other systems. Opportunities for more thorough testing of the framework exist if the particular types of data outlined above are gathered for defoliating insect systems. This lack of data for testing the framework make it currently difficult to clearly define those systems in which the framework is useful and those systems in which it is not. Experiments to test the framework are described and suggestions for future types of applied research on defoliating insect systems are presented.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate

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Laidin, Tino. « Méthodes numériques hybrides cinétique/fluide et préservant la structure pour des équations cinétiques collisionnelles ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILB019.

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Cette thèse porte sur le développement et l'analyse de méthodes numériques performantes pour l'approximation des solutions d'équations cinétiques collisionnelles éventuellement non linéaires. Ces équations apparaissent dans divers domaines tels que la physique, notamment dans l'étude des semi-conducteurs et de la dynamique des gaz. Elles apparaissent aussi en biologie dans la modélisation du mouvement de cellules dans un tissu. Ces modèles présentent un aspect multi-échelle. D'une part, on a une description mésoscopique (ou cinétique) qui donne l'évolution de la fonction de distribution des particules, molécules ou cellules. D'autre part, par un processus de moyennisation, on obtient l'échelle dite macroscopique (ou fluide) qui permet de suivre l'évolution de grandeurs physiques observables : les moments de la fonction de distribution. Ces derniers correspondent notamment à la densité, la vitesse moyenne et la température des particules considérées. Nous présentons dans ce manuscrit différentes façons de tirer partie de la dynamique fluide afin de construire et étudier des méthodes numériques efficaces pour l'échelle cinétique.Dans la première partie, nous explorons des méthodes de discrétisation visant à préserver la structure des équations continues. Nous commençons par introduire un schéma volumes finis implicite en temps pour un modèle cinétique de réaction non linéaire. Nous étudions le comportement en temps long de la solution discrète par une méthode d'hypocoercivité. Ensuite, nous examinons une méthode spectrale, basée sur des polynômes orthogonaux généraux, capable de préserver les moments de la solution, tout en assurant de bonnes propriétés de convergence.La seconde partie est consacrée à la conception de méthodes numériques visant à réduire le coût des simulations cinétiques. Pour ce faire, nous étudions deux approches exploitant l'évolution des moments de l'inconnue. La première, une méthode dite hybride cinétique/fluide, consiste à adopter dynamiquement et localement en espace une description fluide moins coûteuse du système au lieu de la description cinétique plus onéreuse. La seconde approche repose également sur l'utilisation d'un modèle fluide, mais cette fois-ci pour accélérer les itérations temporelles de la méthode. Nous proposons ici un prototype de méthode pararéelle multi-échelle, utilisant un modèle fluide comme solveur grossier et un modèle cinétique comme solveur fin
This thesis focuses on the development and analysis of efficient numerical methods for approximating solutions of potentially nonlinear kinetic collisional equations. These equations arise in various fields such as physics, notably in the study of semiconductors and gas dynamics. They also appear in biology in modeling the movement of cells within tissue. These models exhibit a multiscale aspect where there is, on one hand, a mesoscopic (or kinetic) description that gives the evolution of the distribution function of particles, molecules, or cells. On the other hand, through a process of averaging, we obtain the so-called macroscopic (or fluid) scale which allows to track the evolution of observable physical quantities: the moments of the distribution function. These moments correspond to the density, average velocity, and temperature of the considered particles. Throughout this manuscript, we present various ways to take advantage of fluid dynamics to construct and study efficient numerical methods for the kinetic scale.In the first part, we explore discretization methods aiming to preserve the structure of continuous equations. We begin by introducing an implicit finite volume scheme for a nonlinear reaction kinetic model. We study the long-time behavior of the discrete solution using hypocoercivity methods. Then, we examine a spectral method, based on general orthogonal polynomials, capable of preserving the moments of the solution while ensuring good convergence properties.The second part is dedicated to the design of numerical methods aiming to reduce the cost of kinetic simulations. To do this, we study two approaches exploiting the evolution of the unknown's moments. The first, a hybrid kinetic/fluid method, involves adopting dynamically and locally in position a less costly fluid description of the system instead of the more expensive kinetic one. The second approach also relies on the use of a fluid model, but this time to accelerate the temporal iterations of the method. Here, we propose a prototype of a multiscale parareal method, using a fluid model as a coarse solver and a kinetic model as a fine solver

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Wald, Sascha Sebastian. « Thermalisation and Relaxation of Quantum Systems ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0129/document.

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Cette thèse traite la dynamique hors équilibre des systèmes quantiques ouverts couplés à un réservoir externe. Un modèle spécifique exactement soluble, le modèle sphérique, sert comme exemple paradigmatique. Ce modèle se résout exactement en toute dimension spatiale et pour des interactions très générales. Malgré sa simplicité technique, ce modèle est intéressant car ni son comportement critique d’équilibre ni celui hors équilibre est du genre champ moyen. La présentation débute avec une revue sur la mécanique statistique des transitions de phases classique et quantique, et sur les propriétés du modèle sphérique. Sa dynamique quantique ne se décrit point à l’aide d’une équation de Langevin phénoménologique. Une description plus complète à l’aide de la théorie de l’équation de Lindblad est nécessaire. Les équations de Lindblad décrivent la relaxation d’un système quantique vers son état d’équilibre. En tant que premier exemple, le diagramme de phases dynamique d’un seul spin sphérique quantique est étudié. Réinterprétant cette solution en tant qu’une approximation champ moyen d’un problème de N corps, le diagramme de phases quantique est établi et un effet « congeler en réchauffant » quantique est démontré. Ensuite, le formalisme de Lindblad est généralisé au modèle sphérique quantique de N particules: primo, la forme précise de l’équation de Lindblad est obtenue des conditions que (i) l’état quantique d’équilibre exacte est une solution stationnaire de l’équation de Lindblad et (ii) dans le limite classique, l’équation Langevin de mouvement est retrouvée. Secundo, le modèle sphérique permet la réduction exacte du problème de N particules à une seule équation intégro-différentielle pour le paramètre sphérique. Tertio, en résolvant pour le comportement asymptotique des temps longs de cette équation, nous démontrons que dans la limite semi-classique, la dynamique quantique effective redevient équivalente à une dynamique classique, à une renormalisation quantique de la température T près. Quarto, pour une trempe quantique profonde dans la phase ordonnée, nous démontrons que la dynamique quantique dépend d’une manière non triviale de la dimension spatiale. L’émergence du comportement d’échelle dynamique et des corrections logarithmiques est discutée en détail. Les outils mathématiques de cette analyse sont des nouveaux résultats sur le comportement asymptotique de certaines fonctions hypergéométriques confluentes en deux variables
This study deals with the dynamic properties of open quantum systems far from equilibrium in d dimensions. The focus is on a special, exactly solvable model, the spherical model (SM), which is technically simple. The analysis is of interest, since the critical behaviour in and far from equilibrium not of mean-field type. We begin with a résumé of the statistical mechanics of phase transitions and treat especially the quantum version of the SM. The quantum dynamics (QD) of the model cannot be described by phenomenological Langevin equation and must be formulated with Lindblad equations.First we examine the dynamic phase diagram of a single spherical quantum spin and interpret the solution as a mean-field approximation of the N-body problem. Hereby, we find a quantum mechanical ‘freezing by heating’ effect. After that, we extend the formalism to the N-body problem, determining first the form of the Lindblad equation from consistency conditions. The SM then allows the reduction to a single integro-differential equation whose asymptotic solution shows, that the effective QD in the semi-classical limit is fully classical. For a deep quench in the ordered phase, we show that the QD strongly and non-trivially depends on d and derive the dynamic scaling behaviour and its corrections. The mathematical tools for this analysis are new results on the asymptotic behaviour of certain confluent hypergeometric functions in two variables

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Tristani, Isabelle. « Existence et stabilité de solutions fortes en théorie cinétique des gaz ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090013/document.

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Cette thèse est centrée sur l’étude d’équations issues de la théorie cinétique des gaz. Dans tous les problèmes qui y sont explorés, une analyse des problèmes linéaires ou linéarisés associés est réalisée d’un point de vue spectral et du point de vue des semi-groupes. A cela s’ajoute une analyse de la stabilité non linéaire lorsque le modèle est non linéaire. Plus précisément, dans une première partie, nous nous intéressons aux équations de Fokker-Planck fractionnaire et Boltzmann sans cut-off homogène en espace et nous prouvons un retour vers l’équilibre des solutions de ces équations avec un taux exponentiel dans des espaces de type L1 à poids polynomial. Concernant l’équation de Landau inhomogène en espace, nous développons une théorie de Cauchy de solutions perturbatives dans des espaces de type L2 avec différents poids (polynomiaux ou exponentiels) et nous prouvons également la stabilité exponentielle de ces solutions.Nous démontrons ensuite pour l’équation de Boltzmann inélastique inhomogène avec terme diffusif le même type de résultat dans des espaces L1 à poids polynomial dans un régime de faible inélasticité. Pour finir, nous étudions dans un cadre général et uniforme des modèles qui convergent vers l’équation de Fokker-Planck du point de vue de l’analyse spectrale et des semi-groupes
The topic of this thesis is the study of models coming from kinetic theory. In all the problems that are addressed, the associated linear or linearized problem is analyzed from a spectral point of view and from the point of view of semigroups. Tothat, we add the study of the nonlinear stability when the equation is nonlinear. More precisely, to begin with, we treat the problem of trend to equilibrium for the fractional Fokker-Planck and Boltzmann without cut-off equations, proving an exponential decay to equilibrium in spaces of type L1 with polynomial weights. Concerning the inhomogeneous Landau equation, we develop a Cauchy theory of perturbative solutions in spaces of type L2 with various weights such as polynomial and exponential weights and we also prove the exponential stability of these solutions. Then, we prove similar results for the inhomogeneous inelastic diffusively driven Boltzmann equation in a small inelasticity regime in L1 spaces with polynomial weights. Finally, we study in the same and uniform framework from the spectral analysis point of view with a semigroup approach several Fokker-Planck equations which converge towards the classical one

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Wiriyawit, Varang. « Essays on implications of structural parameter identification and trend misspecification in DSGE and SVAR frameworks ». Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156337.

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This thesis consists of three self-contained essays, focusing on the consequences of structural parameter identification and trend misspecifications in DSGE and SVAR frameworks on policy implications. The purpose is to improve our understanding of estimation issues, and to recommend appropriate estimation approaches that econometricians should take to minimise distortion in policy inference. As welfare estimates are sensitive to calibrated and estimated parameter values, significant biases in structural parameter estimates may lead to biases in welfare estimates and subsequently affect policy conclusions. The first essay (Chapter 2) investigates the relationship between the bias in welfare cost of business cycles and fiscal policy estimates and the biases in structural parameter estimates due to identification problems. Assuming a simple RBC as the description of business cycles, we find the bias varies nonlinearly over the parameter space. Specifically, bias in welfare estimation is increased if we assume too high a depreciation rate of capital or too low a capital share relative to true values. We can therefore exploit this additional information by imposing priors on these two parameters to improve the estimation of welfare cost. The second essay (Chapter 3) focuses on trend misspecifications in DSGE models. The misspecification of the trend component can distort structural parameter estimates and translate into a bias in policy-relevant statistic estimates (e.g. impulse response functions, variance decompositions and estimates of policy rules, or, policy tradeoffs). This essay investigates how important this bias is to estimated policy implications within a DSGE framework. The quantitative results suggest that distortion in parameter estimates due to trend misspecification can result in significant inaccuracies in estimating statistics of interest, and it is therefore crucial to policy analysis. Particularly, a misspecified model with a deterministic-trend specification is estimated when the true process is a random walk with drift. The last essay (Chapter 4) studies the consequences of incorrect trend assumption for estimated SVARs. In particular, assumptions about a trend process determine a shock identification strategy within a SVAR. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations using a prototypical Real Business Cycle model as a Data Generating Process. Then, we quantify different sources of biases in the estimated SVAR impulse responses arising from incorrect trend assumptions. We find that, while the main source of error is a trend bias for an incorrectly-detrended variable, spillover to estimated impulse responses of a correctly-detrended variable in a system can be mainly an identification bias.

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Livres sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

Jean, Mercenier, et Srinivasan T. N. 1933-, dir. Applied general equilibrium and economic development : Present achievements and future trends. Ann Arbor : University of Michigan Press, 1994.

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Bernal Garzón, Manuel. Perspectiva macroeconómica de una economía cerrada. Bogotá. Colombia : Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789585148284.

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En estos apuntes de clase se explica de manera detallada cómo se determina la demanda agregada (DA) en una economía cerrada, utilizando como marco conceptual la teoría keynesiana y el modelo IS-LM, elaborado por John Hicks en 1937 y Alvin Hansen. Es una interpretación de los conceptos desarrollados en los textos de macroeconomía, explicados de una manera sencilla; mediante la interpretación y construcción paso a paso de fórmulas, se busca que los alumnos de macroeconomía comprendan el funcionamiento de las políticas fiscal y monetaria, y sus efectos en la producción y renta. En la interpretación se utilizó simultáneamente el análisis gráfico, el matemático y el teórico. Inicialmente se presentan unas generalidades que sirven de sustento teórico; en el capítulo dos se estudia el mercado de bienes y servicios sin la influencia de la tasa de interés, y se hace hincapié en los principales agregados macroeconómicos de consumo, ahorro, inversión, ahorro y gasto público, y la influencia que tiene la política fiscal en la economía. En el capítulo tres se encuentra el equilibrio en el mercado de bienes y servicios teniendo en cuenta las tasas de interés, lo que deriva en la construcción de la IS. A continuación dentro de este mismo capítulo se trabaja el mercado de activos, se halla el equilibrio en el mercado monetario o curva LM y se estudia la influencia de la política monetaria. Lo anterior permite paso seguido encontrar simultáneamente el equilibrio en los mercados de bienes y monetario, y finalmente derivar la curva DA.

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(Editor), Jean Mercenier, et T. N. Srinivasan (Editor), dir. Applied General Equilibrium and Economic Development : Present Achievements and Future Trends. University of Michigan Press, 1994.

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Loukas, Mistelis. Part II Investor-State Arbitration in the Energy Sector, 7 Contractual Mechanisms for Stability in Energy Contracts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198805786.003.0007.

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This chapter discusses the interpretation and enforceability of various contractual means typically used in energy contracts to ensure a sustainable relationship between the contracting parties. These are the stabilization or freezing clauses and the economic equilibrium clauses together with the variants of adjustment, force majeure, and hardship clauses. These clauses are discussed from a historical and comparative viewpoint. In addition, while a dispute is occurring, it is essential to preserve the contract and relationship between the parties, and thus the chapter also looks at how multi-tiered dispute resolution clauses contribute to achieving this objective. The chapter then concludes with an outlook into current trends and future perspectives.

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Strasberg, Philipp. Quantum Stochastic Thermodynamics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895585.001.0001.

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Abstract Processes at the nanoscale happen far away from the thermodynamic limit, far from equilibrium and are dominated by fluctuations and, perhaps, even quantum effects. This book establishes a consistent thermodynamic framework for such processes by combining tools from non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and the theory of open quantum systems. The book is accessible for graduate students and of interest to all researchers striving for a deeper understanding of the laws of thermodynamics beyond their traditional realm of applicability. It puts most emphasis on the microscopic derivation and understanding of key principles and concepts as well as their interrelation. The topics covered in this book include (quantum) stochastic processes, (quantum) master equations, local detailed balance, classical stochastic thermodynamics, (quantum) fluctuation theorems, strong coupling and non non-Markovian effects, thermodynamic uncertainty relations, operational approaches, Maxwell's demon and time-reversal symmetry, among other topics. Furthermore, the book treats a few applications in detail to illustrate the general theory and its potential for practical applications. These are single-molecule pulling experiments, quantum transport and thermoelectric effects in quantum dots, the micromaser and related set-ups in quantum optics.

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Erman, Burak, et James E. Mark. Structures and Properties of Rubberlike Networks. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195082371.001.0001.

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Rubber elasticity is an important sub-field of polymer science. This book is in many ways a sequel to the authors' previous, more introductory book, Rubberlike Elasticity: A Molecular Primer (Wiley-Interscience, 1988), and will in some respects replace the now classic book by L.R.G. Treloar, The Physics of Rubber Elasticity (Oxford, 1975). The present book has much in common with its predecessor, in particular its strong emphasis on molecular concepts and theories. Similarly, only equilibrium properties are covered in any detail. Though this book treats much of the same subject matter, it is a more comprehensive, more up-to-date, and somewhat more sophisticated treatment.

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Ayson, Robert. The Anarchical Society and the Control of Global Violence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0007.

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In The Anarchical Society Bull treats violent conflict as a feature of international politics that cannot be abolished, but must be managed. With appropriate rules, which are often informal, managed violence can approximate an institution of international society. Bull’s treatment of violence reflects his earlier study of strategy and arms control, displayed in his classic The Control of the Arms Race. His arguments about the control of global violence still have purchase in a world where the superpower nuclear arms competition is no longer the central international security challenge. As America’s difficult experience in the Middle East indicates, states need to observe rules of restraint on violence even when dealing with violent non-state actors. Today’s Asia, strained by the competition between China and the United States, can only have peace and prosperity if there are rules which restrain violence. An accidental and unmanaged equilibrium of power will not do.

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van Moerbeke, Pierre. Determinantal point processes. Sous la direction de Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik et Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.11.

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This article presents a list of algebraic, combinatorial, and analytic mechanisms that give rise to determinantal point processes. Determinantal point processes have been used in random matrix theory (RMT) since the early 1960s. As a separate class, determinantal processes were first used to model fermions in thermal equilibrium and the term ‘fermion’ point processes were adopted. The article first provides an overview of the generalities associated with determinantal point processes before discussing loop-free Markov chains, that is, the trajectories of the Markov chain do not pass through the same point twice almost surely. It then considers the measures given by products of determinants, namely, biorthogonal ensembles. An especially important subclass of biorthogonal ensembles consists of orthogonal polynomial ensembles. The article also describes L-ensembles, a general construction of determinantal point processes via the Fock space formalism, dimer models, uniform spanning trees, Hermitian correlation kernels, and Pfaffian point processes.

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Bergman, Marcelo. More Money, More Crime. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608774.001.0001.

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This book reviews the rapid rise of crime and violence in Latin America over the last few decades and offers an explanation to a striking paradox: In the midst of decreasing poverty, economic growth, and democratization crime has risen throughout the region. Drawing from large data sets, I argue that this is because crime has become a profitable industry in weak states with outdated criminal justice systems unable to withstand the challenge posed by new criminal enterprises. Prosperity has enhanced consumer demand for illicit goods, fueling the growth of secondary and illegal markets, including markets for stolen goods and narcotics that can provide an income for millions of youngsters willing to take the risk of arrest and loss of life. While some countries have experienced moderate increases in criminality others have experienced catastrophic rates of violence, resulting in two types of stable equilibria: Low- and high-crime countries. I explain why different equilibria, between the profit opportunities provided by criminality and a weak criminal justice system, have triggered a rapid upward spiral of crime and a sharp increase in the intensity of violence in some states but a moderate upward trend in others, and why certain countries have transitioned from low- to high-crime environments with vicious cycles of high criminality that are very difficult to reverse. The resulting severe, undesired outcomes are studied in this book: serious predatory crime diversification, consolidation of organized crime, ineffective justice reforms, weak policing, and overcrowded prisons.

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Arcos Pereira, Trinidad, Maximiano Trapero Trapero, Yolanda Arencibia Santana et Antonio María Martín Rodríguez. La consolidación de los estudios filológicos : Trinidad Arcos Pereira, Yolanda Arencibia Santana y Maximiano Trapero Trapero en diálogo con Antonio María Martín Rodríguez. Servicio de Publicaciones y Difusión Científica de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/1669.2021.433.

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Diálogo Vivo ULPGC es un proyecto editorial del Servicio de Publicaciones y Difusión Científica de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, que pretende conservar, en formatos audiovisual e impreso, la memoria y la historia de la ULPGC a través del diálogo entre sus protagonistas. En este segundo volumen de la colección, tres personalidades decisivas en la creación y consolidación de los estudios filológicos en nuestra universidad, Yolanda Arencibia Santana, Maximiano Trapero Trapero y Trinidad Arcos Pereira, dialogan con el director del Servicio de Publicaciones de la ULPGC. La sesión fue grabada el 14 de julio de 2021 en el Paraninfo de la ULPGC y en ella los tres intervinientes comparten experiencias sobre su vocación filológica, su formación académica, su vinculación como profesores primero con el Colegio Universitario de Las Palmas y después con la ULPGC, las difíciles relaciones con la Universidad de La Laguna antes de la creación de nuestra universidad, la ilusión generada por la presión social y el proyecto de creación de la ULPGC, la creación y consolidación de la Facultad de Filología, el difícil equilibrio para el profesor universitario entre dedicación investigadora y docente, los pros y los contras de aceptar responsabilidades en la gestión, los aspectos positivos y negativos de la implantación del sistema de grados, la competencia no siempre leal de las universidades privadas… y otra serie de cuestiones que no dejarán frío al lector interesado.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

Hammond, Peter, et Antonio Villar. « Valuation equilibrium revisited ». Dans Current Trends in Economics, 201–14. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03750-8_12.

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Farajzadeh, Ali, et Sahar Ranjbar. « Optimality Conditions for Vector Equilibrium Problems ». Dans Trends in Mathematics, 185–94. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68281-1_14.

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Maunder, E. A. W. « Dual Analysis with Equilibrium Finite Elements ». Dans Trends in Structural Mechanics, 41–50. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5476-5_5.

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Krasovskii, Nikolay A., et Alexander M. Tarasyev. « Analysis of Equilibrium Trajectories in Dynamic Bimatrix Games ». Dans Trends in Mathematics, 203–18. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93616-7_11.

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Verhás, J. « Rheology and Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics ». Dans Progress and Trends in Rheology V, 124–26. Heidelberg : Steinkopff, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51062-5_52.

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Maugeri, Antonino. « Dynamic models and generalized equilibrium problems ». Dans New Trends in Mathematical Programming, 191–202. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2878-1_15.

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Magill, Michael, et Martine Quinzii. « Incentives and risk sharing in a stock market equilibrium ». Dans Current Trends in Economics, 293–323. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03750-8_19.

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Taub, Bart. « International financial equilibrium with risk sharing and private information ». Dans Current Trends in Economics, 491–518. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03750-8_28.

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Derrida, Bernard. « Fluctuations and Large Deviations in Non-equilibrium Systems ». Dans New Trends in Mathematical Physics, 187–210. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2810-5_16.

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Villa, Paula, et Miguel Ángel Muñoz. « Are First Order Phase Transitions Possible in Disordered Low-dimensional Non-equilibrium Systems ? » Dans Trends in Mathematics, 87–90. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08138-0_16.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

Zhang, Huixia, et Qingke Zhang. « Competition-Driven Equilibrium Optimizer with Boundary Control for Numerical Optimization ». Dans 2024 International Conference on New Trends in Computational Intelligence (NTCI), 312–19. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ntci64025.2024.10776076.

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Deng, Wei, et Yong Zhao. « An Implicit Smoothing-enabled Algorithm for Strongly Convex Stochastic Multiobjective Optimization with Equilibrium Constraints ». Dans 2024 International Conference on New Trends in Computational Intelligence (NTCI), 71–75. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ntci64025.2024.10776264.

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Cugliandolo, Leticia F. « Effective temperatures out of equilibrium ». Dans The second meeting on trends in theoretical physics. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.59660.

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Hladchenko, A. « SCENARIOS OF REGULATION OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ». Dans THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH : CONCEPT AND TRENDS. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/24.07.2020.v1.13.

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Cao, Jiling. « Core versus equilibrium allocations in economies with differential information ». Dans CURRENT TRENDS IN RENEWABLE AND ALTERNATE ENERGY. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5095081.

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Joshi, Prachi Mafidar, et H. K. Verma. « Binary Equilibrium Optimizer Based Weak bus Constrained PMU Placement ». Dans 2021 Emerging Trends in Industry 4.0 (ETI 4.0). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eti4.051663.2021.9619191.

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Liubova, O. V. « Application of the principle of equilibrium with a balanced development of the territory ». Dans TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-08-2018-41.

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Fedorova, Antonina N., Michael G. Zeitlin, Emilio Panarella et Roger Raman. « EXACT MULTISCALE REPRESENTATIONS FOR (NON)-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS OF PLASMA ». Dans CURRENT TRENDS IN INTERNATIONAL FUSION RESEARCH : Proceedings of the 7th Symposium—Selected Presentations. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3204592.

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Barannik, Dmitry, Fustii Vadym, Vitaliy Tverdokhleb, Oleksandr Slobodyanyuk, Dmytro Havrylov et Igor Shevchenko. « Evaluation the Potential Performance of the DCT-Transformants Non-Equilibrium Positional Encoding Method ». Dans 2019 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Trends in Information Theory (ATIT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/atit49449.2019.9030460.

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Kozitsky, Yuri, Yurij Holovatch, Bertrand Berche, Nikolai Bogolyubov et Reinhard Folk. « Equilibrium dynamics and phase transitions in quantum anharmonic crystals ». Dans STATISTICAL PHYSICS : MODERN TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS : The 3rd Conference on Statistical Physics Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of Mykola Bogolyubov. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3284429.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Trends to equilibrium"

Chen, Kan, et Mario Crucini. Trends and Cycles in Small Open Economies : Making The Case For A General Equilibrium Approach. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, juillet 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22460.

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Bonfatti, Andrea, Sagiri Kitao, Orazio P. Attanasio et Guglielmo Weber. Global Demographic Trends, Capital Mobility, Saving and Consumption in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). Inter-American Development Bank, mai 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011697.

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This paper studies the effect of demographic transitions on the economy of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The paper builds a model of multi-regions of the world and derives the path of macroeconomic variables including aggregate output, capital, labor and the saving rate as economies face a rapid shift in demographics. The timing and the extent of the demographic transition differ across regions. The model is simulated under both closed economy and open economy assumptions to quantify the roles played by factor mobility across regions in shaping capital accumulation and equilibrium factor prices.

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Ávila-Montealegre, Oscar Iván, Juan J. Ospina-Tejeiro et Mario A. Ramos-Veloza. Macroeconomic Effects of Healthcare Financing in Colombia. Banco de la República, août 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1278.

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Healthcare expenditure in Colombia is expected to increase by 35\% over the next eight years, due to population aging, rising costs, and domestic policies. These trends, in a context of high levels of informality and affiliation to the subsidized regime, add significant pressure to public finances. Using a dynamic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous households, we analyze the macroeconomic impact of financing a higher public healthcare expenditure through different taxes. The funding sources play a significant role in shaping the aggregate dynamics and income inequality. While consumption taxes are the best option in terms of output, financing with taxes on high-skilled labor improves income distribution.

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Briones, Roehlano, Howarth Bouis, Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa, Isabel Espineli et Ma Lynell Maniego. Will Food Be Affordable to Filipinos by 2030 ? Alternative Expenditure Policies toward Ending Hunger by 2030. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.62986/dp2023.23.

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The current inflationary period has placed the spotlight on hunger and food insecurity, as the current Philippine Development Plan has strongly emphasized the attainment of food affordability for all Filipinos. This study offers a scenario analysis using computable general equilibrium modeling of household purchasing power and affordability of a diet with sufficient energy, protein, and Vitamin A. Scenarios posited are as follows: Reference scenario, which projects forward from recent past trends; the Subsidy scenario, based on producer support; and Productivity scenario, which is a long-term government investment focusing on general services. The scenario analysis finds the following: Under current economic trends, most Filipino households will be able to afford adequate levels of energy and protein by 2030, but not Vitamin A. The Reference scenario is also associated with higher relative consumer and producer prices, as well as far greater levels of output. Despite attenuation of sharp changes in the consumer price of rice and corn, changes in energy/nutrient intakes under the Subsidy scenario are just equal to those of the Reference scenario. The Productivity scenario entails significantly faster increases in energy, protein, and Vitamin A intake compared with the previous scenarios. The Productivity scenario also leads to smaller changes in price and greater changes in quantity compared with the other scenarios. Implications for policy may be summarized as follows: (a) Maintaining overall growth in the range of 5–6 percent per year is key to improving diet quality and thereby an affordable energy- and protein-sufficient diet; (b) The slightly favorable impact of rice subsidies on the price of rice and on energy/nutrient intake of households may not be worth the added risk of fiscal instability; (c) The scenario analysis tend to justify investing in general services such as research and development and infrastructure, as the preferred strategy to achieving affordable diets.

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Gelain, Paolo, et Pierlauro Lopez. A DSGE Model Including Trend Information and Regime Switching at the ZLB. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202335.

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This paper outlines the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model developed at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland as part of the suite of models used for forecasting and policy analysis by Cleveland Fed researchers, which we have nicknamed CLEMENTINE (CLeveland Equilibrium ModEl iNcluding Trend INformation and the Effective lower bound). This document adopts a practitioner's guide approach, detailing the construction of the model and offering practical guidance on its use as a policy tool designed to support decision-making through forecasting exercises and policy counterfactuals.

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Keeney, Roman, et Thomas Hertel. The Indirect Land Use Impacts of U.S. Biofuel Policies : The Importance of Acreage, Yield, and Bilateral Trade Responses. GTAP Working Paper, avril 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp52.

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Recent work has highlighted agricultural land conversion as a significant debit in the greenhouse gas accounting of ethanol as an alternative fuel. This work has at the same time sparked considerable debate on the role of crop yield growth as a means of avoiding rapid land conversion. We examine the agricultural land use impacts of mandate driven ethanol demand increases in the United States in a formal economic equilibrium framework which allows us to examine the importance of yield price relationships. We find that the standard assumption of trend yield growth is likely restrictive for analysis of equilibrium response to significant demand increases for fuel feedstocks. Furthermore, we identify both the acreage response and bilateral trade specification of a multi-country model as important sources of variability (in terms of parametric uncertainty) in predicting global land use change from the biofuels boom.

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Fernandez, Andres, Adam Gulan et Roberto Chang. Bond Finance, Bank Credit, and Aggregate Fluctuations in an Open Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, avril 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007009.

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Corporate sectors in emerging market economies have increased noticeably their reliance on foreign financing, presumably reecting low global interest rates. This trend has largely reflected increased bond issuance by emerging economies' firms, in contrast to the bank loans that dominated capital flows in the past. To shed light on these developments, we develop a stochastic dynamic model of an open economy in which the levels of direct versus intermediated finance are determined endogenously. The model embeds the static, partial equilibrium model of Holmström and Tirole (1997) into a dynamic general equilibrium setting. It generates an increase in both bonds and loans following an exogenous drop in world interest rates; also, the ratio of bonds to loans increases because bank credit becomes relatively more expensive, reflecting the scarcity of bank equity. These implications are in line with empirical observations and highlight the role of equity in the adjustment process. More generally, the model is suitable for studying the interaction between modes of finance and the macroeconomy, and is of independent interest.

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Perobelli, Fernando S., et Edson P. Domínguez. Regional Aspects of Brazil's Trade Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008664.

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This paper aims to evaluate a number of spatial aspects of Brazils current trade policy, emphasizing those relating to economic integration in general, and bilateral trade with Argentina in particular. A national computable general equilibrium model was developed and implemented (EFES-ARG), in order to evaluate the sectoral impact of different trade integration strategies with specific economic countries/blocs. Moreover, EFES-ARG was integrated with an interstate trade model such that the national results obtained were regionalized. The analysis of the short-run regional aspects of Brazilian trade policy reveals a trend towards concentration of the level of economic activity in the states of the Brazilian south and southeast. The results draw attention to a phenomenon that has permeated the debate on the regional issue, namely the role of trade as an engine of growth.

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Borda, Patrice, et Allan Wright. Macroeconomic Fluctuations Under Natural Disaster Shocks in Central America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, décembre 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011778.

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This paper examines the role of disaster shock in a one-sector, representative agent dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model (DSGE). First, it estimates a panel vector autoregresive (VAR) model for output, investment, trade balance, consumption, and country spread to capture the economic effects of output, country risk, and exogenous natural disaster shocks. The study determines the empirical dynamic responses of ten Caribbean countries and seven countries in Central America. Second, by taking into account rare events and trend shocks, this paper also provides a baseline framework of the dynamic interactions between the macroeconomic effects of rare events and financial friction for two specific countries: Barbados and Belize. Similar findings between empirical and general frameworks show that disaster shocks in Central America and the Caribbean have only a significative impact in the short-run regional business cycle. The findings show that Caribbean countries are better prepared for natural disaster shocks.

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Castro Gutierrez, Carlos Arturo. Clasificación de riesgo fiscal de los hospitales públicos según la Resolución 851 de 2023 de MINSALUD. Contraloría General de Antioquia, décembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58373/obscga.023.

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Este artículo presenta un análisis detallado de la evolución del riesgo fiscal y financiero en las Empresas Sociales del Estado (ESE), basándose en la investigación titulada “Tendencias de Riesgo Financiero en las Empresas Sociales del Estado Fiscalizadas por la Contraloría General de Antioquia”, llevada a cabo en 2022. Esta investigación se enmarca en el Observatorio de la Gestión Fiscal de la Contraloría General de Antioquia (CGA). El estudio realiza una comparación exhaustiva entre diversas categorizaciones de riesgo fiscal: los resultados de la investigación mencionada, la categorización de riesgos del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social según la Resolución 851 de 2023, y los valores del indicador de equilibrio presupuestal con recaudo, calculado a partir de los resultados financieros del año 2022 para las ESE incluidas en la muestra. Esta muestra comprende 116 ESE, representando la totalidad de dichas entidades públicas vigiladas por la CGA. A través de un análisis correlacional de las tres variables mencionadas, se evidencia una relación directa en la mayoría de los casos entre ellas, indicando que las tendencias de riesgo se mantienen constantes a lo largo del tiempo.

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