Bibliographies thématiques / Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)

Sommaire

  1. Articles de revues
  2. Thèses
  3. Livres
  4. Chapitres de livres
  5. Actes de conférences

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.) »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 4 juin 2021
Mis à jour le 16 février 2022

Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres

Choisissez une source :

Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.) ».

À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.

Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.

Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)"

1

Akand, Elma H., et Kevin M. Downard. « Reimaging the Tree of Life Using a Mass Based Phylonumerics Approach ». Evolutionary Biology 47, no 1 (22 janvier 2020) : 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-020-09490-1.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Downard, Kevin M. « Darwin’s Tree of Life is Numbered. Resolving the Origins of Species by Mass ». Evolutionary Biology 47, no 4 (24 octobre 2020) : 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-020-09517-7.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Weemstra, Monique, Natasa Kiorapostolou, Jasper Ruijven, Liesje Mommer, Jorad Vries et Frank Sterck. « The role of fine‐root mass, specific root length and life span in tree performance : A whole‐tree exploration ». Functional Ecology 34, no 3 (5 février 2020) : 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13520.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Connolly, James. « Bringing the City Back In : Space and Place in the Urban History of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era ». Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 1, no 3 (juillet 2002) : 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781400000256.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward sought to understand the social consequences of industrialization by looking at a city. One of the Gilded Age's best-selling books, the Utopian novel magically transported lead character Julian West to a futuristic Boston set in the year 2000 and contrasted that ideal, cooperative world with the harsh reality of individualism-drenched, industrial Boston in 1887. Bellamy's vision of a twenty-first-century city was prescient about technology: it included automation, mass communication, and swift transportation. His social predictions proved less successful. Boston in the year 2000 was populated by Victorian ladies and gentlemen and lacked the cultural variety we associate with contemporary city life.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Pérez, Jonathan H., Daniel R. Ardia, Elise K. Chad et Ethan D. Clotfelter. « Experimental heating reveals nest temperature affects nestling condition in tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) ». Biology Letters 4, no 5 (15 juillet 2008) : 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2008.0266.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Investment in one life-history stage can have delayed effects on subsequent life-history stages within a single reproductive bout. We experimentally heated tree swallow ( Tachycineta bicolor ) nests during incubation to test for effects on parental and nestling conditions. Females incubating in heated boxes maintained higher body condition and fed nestlings at higher rates. We cross-fostered nestlings and found that young nestlings (4–7 days old) incubated in heated nests had higher body condition and body mass, regardless of treatment status of their rearing parent. However, older nestlings which were fed by heated females maintained higher condition and body mass regardless of treatment status of their incubating parent. These results indicate that investment in one life-history stage can have multiple pathways of carry-over effects on future life-history stages.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

Davies, T. Jonathan. « Losing history : how extinctions prune features from the tree of life ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 370, no 1662 (19 février 2015) : 20140006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0006.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Biodiversity provides many valuable services to humanity; however, rapid expansion of the human population has placed increasing pressure on natural systems, and it has been suggested that we may be entering a sixth mass extinction. There is an urgent need, therefore, to prioritize conservation efforts if we are to maintain the provisioning of such service in the future. Phylogenetic diversity (PD), the summed branch lengths that connect species on the tree-of-life, might provide a valuable metric for conservation prioritization because it has been argued to capture feature diversity. Frequently, PD is estimated in millions of years, and therefore implicitly assumes an evolutionary model in which features diverge gradually over time. Here, I explore the expected loss of feature diversity when this assumption is violated. If evolution tends to slow down over time, as might be the case following adaptive radiations, losses of feature diversity might be relatively small. However, if evolution occurs in rapid bursts, following a punctuated model, impacts of extinctions might be much greater. PD captures many important properties, but if we use it as a proxy for feature diversity, we first need to ensure that we have the correct evolutionary model.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Read, Jennifer, Gordon D. Sanson, Tanguy Jaffré et Martin Burd. « Does tree size influence timing of flowering in Cerberiopsis candelabra (Apocynaceae), a long-lived monocarpic rain-forest tree ? » Journal of Tropical Ecology 22, no 6 (20 octobre 2006) : 621–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003464.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Cerberiopsis candelabra is a long-lived monocarpic rain-forest tree endemic to New Caledonia that shows mass flowering across a substantial proportion of a population, and across a substantial number of populations. We investigated the relationship between tree size and flowering (and subsequent dying) across 18 populations from the flowering event of 2003 in order to understand the role of possible size thresholds for flowering in the life history and regeneration ecology of this monocarpic species. There was a strong positive correlation between trunk diameter and the incidence of flowering when population data were combined. However, the relationship between size and flowering was complex in that flowering occurred across a wide range of tree sizes, with almost complete overlap in size between flowering (5–79 cm dbh) and non-flowering trees (5–64 cm dbh), and with large trees in both the flowering and non-flowering state in the same population. In about half the populations studied there was no significant difference in mean trunk diameter of flowering and non-flowering trees. Nonetheless, we suggest that tree size may play a fundamental role in the life history and regeneration ecology of this species. The seedlings appear to be relatively shade-intolerant and dependent on large canopy gaps for recruitment. A significant effect of mass flowering and subsequent death of multiple large trees is the potential to form large canopy gaps and enhance seedling survival, as the gap is temporally linked with seed germination. However, it is unclear why there is such a large size range of flowering trees, i.e. whether this is just a consequence of the proximate cue, or whether the optimal size for flowering does indeed vary among individuals.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

Haddad, Claudia Regina Baptista, Damiani Pereira Lemos et Paulo Mazzafera. « Leaf life span and nitrogen content in semideciduous forest tree species (Croton priscus and Hymenaea courbaril) ». Scientia Agricola 61, no 4 (2004) : 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000400018.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
In comparison to deciduous species, evergreen plants have lower leaf nutrient contents and higher leaf life span, important mechanisms for nutrient economy, allowing the colonization of low fertility soils. Strategies to conserve nitrogen in two semideciduous tropical forest tree species, with different leaf life spans were analyzed. The hypothesis was the fact that the two species would present different nitrogen conservation mechanisms in relation to chemical (total nitrogen, protein, chlorophyll, and proteolytic activity), functional (leaf life span, N-use efficiency, and N-resorption efficiency), morphological (specific leaf mass) leaf characteristics, and total nitrogen in the soil. Hymenaea courbaril L. presented lower nitrogen compounds in leaves, longer leaf life span, higher N-use efficiency, and higher specific leaf mass, while absorbing proportionally less nitrogen from the soil than Croton priscus Croizat. These characteristics can contribute for a better nitrogen economy strategy of H. courbaril. No relationship was found between leaf life span and N resorption efficiency, nor between leaf life span, protease activity and nitrogen mobilization. The electrophoretic profiles of proteolytic enzymes in young leaves of the two species presented more bands with enzymatic activity than other kinds of leaves.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

Panyametheekul, Sirima, Thanakorn Rattanapun et Maneerat Ongwandee. « Ability of artificial and live houseplants to capture indoor particulate matter ». Indoor and Built Environment 27, no 1 (22 septembre 2016) : 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16671016.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Two artificial and three live houseplants were assessed for their abilities to capture particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) generated by burning an incense stick. The test plants included polyester Boston fern, polyethylene Dieffenbachia, Golden Pothos ( Epipremnum aureum), Painted nettle ( Plectranthus scutellarioides) and Rainbow tree ( Dracaena cincta Bak. ‘Tricolor’). Each plant was tested one at a time in a closed 8-m3 chamber, and the PM2.5 concentrations were continuously measured for 24 h. A loss rate constant for PM2.5 due to deposition onto leaf surface was determined by fitting measured concentrations to a mass balance model using nonlinear regression. The PM2.5 loss rates for the artificial Boston fern correlated well with its total leaf surface areas at the significant level of 0.5. All studied plants had PM2.5 loss rates ranging from 0.05 to 0.08 h−1 under the testing condition of similar total leaf surface areas, while a PM2.5 loss rate due to deposition onto the chamber surfaces was 0.03 h−1. Stereo microscope leaf images revealed the particle accumulation mostly on the midribs and veins rather than the flat blades, while the woven polyester fabric of the artificial plant acts as a filter for collecting the coarse particles.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Konjar, Matevž, Tom Levanič, Thomas Andrew Nagel et Milan Kobal. « Can we use dendrogeomorphology for the spatial and temporal analysis of less intensive mass movement processes ? : A case study of three debris flows in NW and W Slovenia ». Acta Silvae et Ligni 124 (2021) : 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20315/asetl.124.5.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Debris flows can transport large amounts of material and therefore present a significant threat to infrastructure and human life. In this research, we used tree-ring width analyses to quantify the response of trees to three debris flow events in NW Slovenia (Javoršček, Srpenica) and W Slovenia (Nikova) for which we know the time of origin. We attempted to date these and similar tree responses in the past and compared the patterns between different tree species. Altogether, we sampled 147 trees across a range of tree species (Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Fraxinus excelsior, Fraxinus ornus, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies, Juglans regia, Acer campestre, Tilia cordata and Ostrya carpinifolia), including reference trees that were outside the debris flow fan. For 91 trees, we constructed tree-ring chronologies and used pointer-year analysis to identify years that had abnormal growth. For the remaining trees (mostly Ostrya carpinifolia, Tilia cordata and Acer pseudoplatanus), we either could not accurately distinguish tree rings or two samples from a single tree showed significantly different growth patterns. The growth patterns of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies following debris flow events showed a weak response at the Javoršček site and no clear responses at the other two sites. Tree species responded similarly at the same locations. Due to the lack of a clear response pattern, we were not able to reconstruct past debris flows.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Plus de sources

Thèses sur le sujet "Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)"

1

Damgaard, Neil Christian. « Case studies of the planting of selected Chinese-language evangelical churches in southern New England ». Dallas, TX : Dallas Theological Seminary, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2986/tren.001-1257.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Thesis (D.Min.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2008.
Appendix F has an image of The Nestorian Stele and the translation of the text. Includes abstract. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-132).
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Pullum-Piñón, Sara Melissa. « Conspicuous display and social mobility a comparison of 1850s Boston and Charleston elites / ». Thesis, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3086794.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Livres sur le sujet "Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)"

1

cartoonist, Wallace Peter, dir. The Boston dictionary. Yarmouth Port, Mass : On Cape Publications, 1996.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell. East Boston. Charleston, SC : Arcadia, 2004.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell. East Boston. Dover, N.H : Arcadia, 1997.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Staples, Barbara. More Boston post canes : The pine tree state and little Rhody. Lynn, Mass : Flemming Press, 2002.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
5

Lasky, Kathryn. Spiders on the case. New York : Scholastic Press, 2011.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
6

1947-, Hiestand Emily, et Zellman Ande, dir. The good city : Writers explore 21st century Boston. Boston : Beacon Press, 2004.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
7

Sauer, Robert J. Holy Trinity German Catholic Church of Boston : A way of life. [Boston, Ma : Holy Trinity German Parish, 1994.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
8

A, Pearson Carmen, dir. The orange tree. Lincoln : University of Nebraska Press, 2006.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
9

The Handel and Haydn Society : Bringing music to life for 200 years. Boston, Massachusetts : Handel and Haydn Society, in association with David R. Godine, Publisher, 2014.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
10

Yankee destinies : The lives of ordinary nineteenth-century Bostonians. Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Trouver le texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Plus de sources

Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)"

1

Gaines, Susan M., Geoffrey Eglinton et Jürgen Rullkötter. « More Molecules, More Mud, and the Isotopic Dimension : Ancient Environments Revealed ». Dans Echoes of Life. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176193.003.0012.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Throughout the 1980s, while the molecule collectors were busy exploring the ocean sediments, tracking their finds into the past, and learning to read the messages hidden in the carbon skeletons, one analytical chemist cum geochemist at Indiana University was finding that important elements of the lexicon lay not only in the molecular structures, stereochemistry, and distributions of the carbon skeletons, but in the carbon atoms themselves. John Hayes had done his graduate work at MIT in the mid-1960s under Klaus Biemann, one of the doyens of mass spectrometry who, like Carl Djerassi, was interested in natural products with biomedical applications. When Hayes told Biemann he wanted to do his doctoral thesis on the organic constituents in meteorites, Biemann was uninterested, to say the least. Forty years later, Hayes can still quote the eminent scientist’s response to his proposal, replete with thick Austrian accent: “Don’t talk to me about zat junk.” Biemann walked away from the discussion without another word, and Hayes was so mortified by his own foolishness that he couldn’t bring himself to tell his wife about the incident. When he went into the lab the next day, he was convinced that his graduate career was over—but Biemann had done some homework and had a change of heart. “It seems we can get lots of money for zat junk!” he exclaimed as soon as he saw Hayes. NASA was, at the time, offering generous funding for such projects. For all his skepticism, Biemann was eventually seduced by the extraterrestrial “junk” and even ended up designing the mass spectrometer for the Viking Mars mission. Hayes remembers him commenting, a couple of years into the meteorite project, that it was actually “much more interesting than the thousandth alkaloid in the thousandth tree,” though Hayes himself says his doctoral thesis was unexceptional, completed before the Murchison meteorite fell and things really got interesting.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

Heyman, Barbara B. « Searches ». Dans Samuel Barber, 384–408. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190863739.003.0014.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
In Rome, Barber attended a Gregorian Mass sung by Benedictine monks at St. Anselmo church and was inspired to write a grand-scaled religious work, Prayers of Kierkegaard, for orchestra, mixed chorus, a soprano solo written with Leontyne Price’s voice in mind, and incidental contralto and tenor solos. It was premiered by the Boston Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Charles Munch, with Price as soloist. Barber wrote about the music to his beloved mentor and uncle, Sidney Homer, who at the time was coming toward the end of his life. Homer’s guidance was unwavering, and he encouraged Barber to listen to his inner voice and follow his instincts. As a result, his Roman-inspired pieces were performed throughout Europe. In America, a commission from the Detroit Chamber Music Society led to Barber’s composing the woodwind quintet Summer Music, a collaboration with the New York Woodwind Quintet.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Goldsmith, Jack, et Tim Wu. « Conclusion : Globalization Meets Governmental Coercion ». Dans Who Controls the Internet ? Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195152661.003.0017.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Most contemporary assessments of globalization share two ideas. The first is a recognition that we live in an era where technology has made it easier than ever before to move capital, goods, and services across national borders and around the world. The second is a belief that globalization diminishes the relevance of borders, territory, and location, and thereby undermines the territorial nation-state’s role as the central institution for governing human affairs. The Internet has widely been viewed as the essential catalyst of contemporary globalization, and it has been central to debates about what globalization means and where it will lead. “The Internet is going to be like a huge vise that takes the globalization system . . . and keeps tightening and tightening that system around everyone, in ways that will only make the world smaller and smaller and faster and faster with each passing day.” That’s the prediction of globalization’s popularizer and prophet, Thomas Friedman, in his 1999 book The Lexus and the Olive Tree. Friedman went farther in his 2005 sequel, The World is Flat, claiming to show how the Internet and related technologies have “made us all next door neighbors,” and are killing geography, distance, and language. Friedman and others are right to emphasize the Internet’s transformative potential. As the Internet becomes more pervasive and as more and more aspects of life become digitalized, it is indeed becoming much easier for human beings everywhere to access, learn from, share, and improve upon the impossibly varied and plentiful information available on the Net. This book, in fact, was written while its peripatetic authors lived in and communicated with one another via the Net from Tokyo, Boston, Geneva, Chicago, Charlottesville, Boca Raton, and Washington, D.C., among other places—something that would have been nearly impossible a mere decade ago. The question we have addressed in this book is not whether the technological changes of the last decade have created changes in the way human beings live or interact. The question is whether those changes have had a lasting effect on how nations, and their peoples, govern themselves. The diminishing costs of moving information on the Internet have obviously made it harder for governments to suppress communications and related activities that they dislike.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Thomson, Peter. « The Great Circle ». Dans Sacred Sea. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195170511.003.0019.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
The Port of San Francisco, once one of the world’s most celebrated ports of call, has been reduced to this: a quarter-mile of bare, worn asphalt between a chain link fence and the bay, a couple dozen oblong cargo containers stacked like a set of playroom blocks, and one huge gray cargo crane that looms over the water like the skeleton of some Stanford student’s monstrous robotic dog. A few miles to the north, the Embarcadero and its ripsaw ridge of angled piers, once the pulsing heart of the city’s commercial port, is today a palm-tree-lined recreational waterfront of restaurants, bars, condos, and t-shirt vendors, while here to the south of downtown, huge swaths of abandoned waterfront lie fallow, awaiting the next wave of redevelopment. The San Francisco Bay itself remains a major Pacific port, but virtually all of its cargo traffic now moves through the modern container terminals of Oakland, across the bay. In the city of San Francisco itself, there remains only a single active cargo pier, and this is it. Pier 80. Lashed to the far side of the sea of asphalt is a ship, of modest size by contemporary standards but its sheer bulk impressive nonetheless—a hulking mass of emerald green steel looming three stories above the tarmac, a pale yellow superstructure rising eight stories above that in the stern, and a wall of red and blue containers stacked six high above the forward decks. The ship looks awkward and ungainly. It looks like it may well challenge the principles of buoyancy and displacement. It looks like nothing that neither James nor I have ever trusted his life to before. Our hallucinatory float down the Copper River is ten days behind us. We’ve reentered civilization in Anchorage, visited friends in Seattle, finally met Gary Cook of Baikal Watch and our Russia-specialist travel agent Debbie, and made other last-minute arrangements here in San Francisco, and now we’re riding across the acres of asphalt in the back of a battered yellow van and our friend Eleanor, who drove us down here, is repeating, as if a mantra, Oh my god, I can’t believe you’re getting on this thing. . . . Oh my god, I can’t believe . . .
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.)"

1

Zhang, Peng, Houqiang Li, Xiaobo Zhou, Stephen Wong, Tuan D. Pham et Xiaobo Zhou. « Peak Tree and Peak Detection for Mass Spectrometry Data ». Dans COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES/CMLS '07. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2816616.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
2

To, Cuong, Tuan D. Pham, Tuan Pham et Xiaobo Zhou. « Binary Classification using Decision Tree based Genetic Programming and Its Application to Analysis of Bio-mass Data ». Dans 2009 INTERNATIONAL CONFERNECE ON COMPUTATIONAL MODELS FOR LIFE SCIENCES (CMLS-09). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3314262.

Texte intégral
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
3

Abaei, MM, A. BahooToroody et E. Arzaghi. « Predicting Future of Unattended Machinery Plants : A Step Toward Reliable Autonomous Shipping ». Dans International Ship Control Systems Symposium. IMarEST, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2631-8741.2020.011.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
Future waterborne transport operations in short-sea, sea-river, and inland waterways can be performed by autonomous vessels. The automation of maritime shipping directly emphasizes reducing crew numbers, minimizing operational costs, andmitigating human error during the operation. Recent researches have focused on understanding autonomous navigation while the reliability of unattended machinery plant has received very little attention. This paper aims at developing a method for predicting the performance of failure-sensitive components that may be left unattended in autonomous shipping. The presented methodology adopts Bayesian Inference as the basis of the artificial intelligence for predicting maintenance schedules including repair, inspection, and irregular checks of unattended systems. A Multinomial Process Tree (MPT) is used to model the failures within the system, identify faulty components, and to predict their failure times. A real case study from a short sea voyage is adopted to demonstrate the application of the presented methodology. The results of this research will assist decision and policy-makers to prevent costly failures in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) and extend the service life of autonomous systems before any human intervention.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
4

Jawaharlal, Mariappan, Gustavo Vargas et Lorenzo Gutierrez. « The Plant Kingdom in Engineering Design : Learning to Design From Trees ». Dans ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72497.

Texte intégral
Résumé :
A tree may be the earliest multifunctional structure, and wood is the oldest known engineering material. Yet, trees have no place in engineering education. If we view a tree from merely a mechanical or civil engineering perspective, engineering mechanics can be learned from the tree’s example. Trees have survived by adapting to the most difficult circumstances: heavy winds, rains, floods, droughts, earthquakes, mammal damage, human intervention, etc. The root system must be strong and flexible enough to support the tree’s entire structure from varying load conditions and to provide food storage and nutrient transfer. The stem system provides structural support for the tree’s above-the-ground parts and transfers water and nutrients from the roots through the network of thick-walled cells to other parts of the tree. Leaves produce food and form the surface area surrounding the tree. Leaves come in a variety of shapes and sizes. The tree’s crown, comprising branches, leaves, and reproductive elements, help the tree to catch more sunlight. It moves upward and outward to expose more of its leaves to direct sunlight for photosynthesis while maintaining physical balance on the earth. A tree’s lifecycle can span hundreds of years, despite its vulnerability to constantly changing loads throughout the day and throughout its life. In monsoon and windy seasons, trees endure extremely difficult fatigue-loading. Various parts of the tree and its stem are subjected to combined loading conditions: tension, compression, shear, bending, and torsion. Trees develop and adapt stress management strategies by adjusting their shapes to the type or level of stress they endure: they add more mass where more strength is needed, allows material to easily break off (or physiologically inactive) from locations where it is not necessary, design optimum shapes, and create variable notch radii for reducing stress concentration. But a tree is much more than a structural member. It provides food and shelter for wildlife. It absorbs atmospheric carbon dioxide and produces oxygen. It lowers air temperature and facilitates the water cycle. Structural analysis of a tree can benefit engineering students and practicing engineers alike. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of trees can help us to create multifunctional designs that are in a symbiotic relationship with other members in the system. In short, studying tree mechanics can help us to become better engineers. This paper presents our efforts to integrate trees into engineering curricula to teach mechanics ranging from equilibrium study to stress analysis. Students of statics, dynamics, the strength of materials, stress analysis, material science, design, etc., can benefit from learning about trees. This approach enables students to understand the complexities of real-world living systems, appreciate the genius of nature’s design, and develop methods for creating sustainable designs.
Styles APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.
Vous pouvez également être intéressé par les bibliographies sur le sujet « Tree of Life, Boston (Mass.) » pour d’autres types de sources :
Articles de revues Livres
Nous offrons des réductions sur tous les plans premium pour les auteurs dont les œuvres sont incluses dans des sélections littéraires thématiques. Contactez-nous pour obtenir un code promo unique!

Vers la bibliographie