Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tree hydric functioning »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tree hydric functioning"
Cochard, Hervé, François Pimont, Julien Ruffault et Nicolas Martin-StPaul. « SurEau : a mechanistic model of plant water relations under extreme drought ». Annals of Forest Science 78, no 2 (juin 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13595-021-01067-y.
Texte intégralPeel, Joanne R., Maria C. Mandujano Sanchez, Jorge Lopez Portillo et Jordan Golubov. « Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales : Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean ». Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no 2 (27 mars 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i2.24372.
Texte intégralWoodbridge, Margaret, Tara Keyser et Christopher Oswalt. « Stand and environmental conditions drive functional shifts associated with mesophication in eastern US forests ». Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 5 (12 octobre 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.991934.
Texte intégralAuthier, Louise, Cyrille Violle et Franck Richard. « Ectomycorrhizal Networks in the Anthropocene : From Natural Ecosystems to Urban Planning ». Frontiers in Plant Science 13 (30 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.900231.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Tree hydric functioning"
Maison, Alice. « Modélisation des impacts des arbres sur la qualité de l’air de l’échelle de la rue à la ville ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0034.
Texte intégralTrees provide numerous ecosystem services in cities, helping to reduce some of the consequences of urbanization, such as the urban heat island and water run-off. Their thermo-radiative effect improves thermal comfort.Trees can also have an impact on urban air quality through various processes. The deposition of gaseous and particulate pollutants on tree leaves can help to reduce concentrations. However, the aerodynamic effect of trees modifies the airflow in street canyons and limits the dispersion of pollutants emitted in the street. Trees also emit biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can contribute to the formation of O3 and secondary organic aerosols. BVOC emissions vary depending on the tree species, and are influenced by climatic factors (temperature, radiation) and by the tree water status.The objective of this thesis is to quantify the impacts of these different processes on urban air quality. Numerical simulations are performed over the city of Paris during summer 2022 using the CHIMERE/MUNICH model chain in order to quantify the impact of trees on atmospheric concentrations of pollutants at the local and regional scales. The simulated concentrations are compared to measurements.Urban trees are not generally taken into account in air quality models, either at regional or street level. In order to integrate BVOC emissions into the CHIMERE regional model, an inventory is developed using the tree database of the city of Paris. A method is set up to estimate the characteristics of the trees, which are used as input data for the various models (leaf area, dry biomass, crown size, etc.). On average over the months of June and July 2022 in Paris, local biogenic emissions from trees lead to an increase of 1.0% in O3, 4.6% in organic PM1 and 0.6% in PM2.5. Biogenic emissions from urban trees strongly increase concentrations of isoprene and monoterpenes. Compared with measurements, terpene concentrations tend to be underestimated, given the uncertainties associated with emission factors and the missing part of the vegetation in the inventory. Terpene emissions from urban and suburban vegetation greatly influence the formation of organic particles, it is therefore important to characterize them properly in air quality models.The various effects of urban trees on air quality at street level are then added into the MUNICH street network model. The aerodynamic effect of street trees is parameterized using computational fluid dynamics simulations. It leads to an increase in the concentrations of compounds emitted into the street. This increase can reach +37% for NO2 in streets with a large leaf surface and high traffic. Deposition on tree leaves is computed using a resistive approach adapted to the scale of the tree in the street. However, its impact on concentrations remains limited for the gases and particles studied (< -3%).Finally, a coupling between the TEB (urban surface model), SPAC (soil-plant-atmosphere continuum model) and MUNICH models is developed. This coupling provides a better representation of the impacts of the urban micro-climate heterogeneities and of the thermo-radiative effect of trees on gas and particle concentrations. The effects of the micro-climate and of the tree water stress on BVOC emissions are also taken into account in order to refine the calculation of emissions