Thèses sur le sujet « Transport optimal en champ moyen »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les 26 meilleures thèses pour votre recherche sur le sujet « Transport optimal en champ moyen ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Parcourez les thèses sur diverses disciplines et organisez correctement votre bibliographie.
Bolley, François Villani Cédric. « Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://tel.ccsd.cnrs.fr/tel-00011462.
Texte intégralBolley, François. « Applications du transport optimal à des problèmes de limites de champ moyen ». Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011462.
Texte intégralDans ce cadre nous étudions l'approximation des équations de transport de Vlasov et d'Euler par des systèmes de particules déterministes en interaction. Le problème de la convergence de la méthode se ramène à un problème de stabilité de solutions que nous traitons par des propriétés de type contraction pour des distances (de Wasserstein) liées à la théorie du transport optimal de mesures. Nous établissons aussi une propriété analogue de contraction pour des lois de conservation scalaires.
Nous étudions également l'approximation d'équations de diffusion de McKean-Vlasov par des systèmes de particules stochastiques. Nous en donnons l'erreur de manière quantitative à l'aide de techniques de couplage, d'estimations de propagation du chaos et d'inégalités de concentration ou de déviation.
De façon plus systématique nous nous intéressons à de telles inégalités de concentration pour des mesures de probabilité et à leurs relations avec des inégalités de transport (liant distances de Wasserstein et entropie) et de Sobolev logarithmiques. En particulier nous établissons de telles inégalités pour certaines classes de lois de variables dépendantes.
Mészáros, Alpár Richárd. « Density constraints in optimal transport, PDEs and mean field games ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112155/document.
Texte intégralMotivated by some questions raised by F. Santambrogio, this thesis is devoted to the study of Mean Field Games and models involving optimal transport with density constraints. To study second order MFG models in the spirit of the work of F. Santambrogio, as a possible first step we introduce and show the well-posedness of a diffusive crowd motion model with density constraints (generalizing in some sense the works by B. Maury et al.). The model is described by the evolution of the people's density, that can be seen as a curve in the Wasserstein space. From the PDE point of view, this corresponds to a modified Fokker-Planck equation, with an additional gradient of a pressure (only living in the saturated zone) in the drift. We provide a uniqueness result for the pair density and pressure by passing through the dual equation and using some well-known parabolic estimates. Initially motivated by the splitting algorithm (used for the above existence result), we study some fine properties of the Wasserstein projection below a given threshold. Embedding this question into a larger class of variational problems involving optimal transport, we show BV estimates for the optimizers. Other possible applications (for partial optimal transport, shape optimization and degenerate parabolic problems) of these BV estimates are also discussed.Changing the point of view, we also study variational Mean Field Game models with density constraints. In this sense, the MFG systems are obtained as first order optimality conditions of two convex problems in duality. In these systems an additional term appears, interpreted as a price to be paid when agents pass through saturated zones. Firstly, profiting from the regularity results of elliptic PDEs, we give the existence and characterization of the solutions of stationary second order MFGs with density constraints. As a byproduct we characterize the subdifferential of a convex functional introduced initially by Benamou-Brenier to give a dynamic formulation of the optimal transport problem. Secondly, (based on a penalization technique) we prove the well-posedness of a class of first order evolutive MFG systems with density constraints. An unexpected connection with the incompressible Euler's equations à la Brenier is also given
Lachapelle, Aimé. « Quelques problèmes de transport et de contrôle en économie : aspects théoriques et numériques ». Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA090031.
Texte intégralIn this thesis we explore some uses of optimal control and mass transport in economic modeling. We thus catch the opportunity to bring together some works involving both tools, sometimes mixing them. First, we briefly present the recent mean field games theory introduced by Lasry & Lions and focus on the optimal control of Fokker-Planck setting. We take advantage of this aspect in order to obtain both existence results and numerical methods to approximate solutions. We test the algorithms on two complementary settings, namely the convex setting (crowd aversion, two populations dynamics) and the concave one (attraction, externalities and scale effect for a stylized technology switch model). Secondly, we study matching problems com- bining optimal transport and optimal control. The planner looks for an optimal coupling, fixed during the considered time period (commitment), knowing that the marginals evolve (possibly randomly) and that she can control the evolution. Finally we reformulate a risk-sharing problem between d agents (for whose we prove an existence result) into an optimal control problem with comonotonic constraints. This enables us to write optimality conditions that we use to build a simple convergent algorithm
Lachapelle, Aimé. « Quelques problèmes de transport et de contrôle en économie : aspects théoriques et numériques ». Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512404.
Texte intégralFrénais, Brieuc. « Modèles stochastiques de branchement-sélection ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAD033.
Texte intégralThe central object of this thesis is a system of particles moving on the real line and subject to branching and selection rules, called N-branching Markov process, which generalizes the N-branching Brownian motion studied by Maillard, by allowing more general trajectories for the particles. Our main results establish under certain regularity assumptions the existence of a hydrodynamic limit for this particle system, which is the c.d.f. of the distribution of the underlying process conditioned on not having crossed a certain boundary, characterized as the solution of an inverse first-passage time problem. The proof relies on a coupling with auxiliary processes, constructed by exploiting an assumption of stochastic monotonicity on the underlying process. In parallel, we consider the mean field optimal transport problem with a numerical point of view. We develop three deep learning methods to obtain approximate solutions, implemented on various test cases, illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed approaches
Bonnet, Benoît. « Optimal control in Wasserstein spaces ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0442.
Texte intégralA wealth of mathematical tools allowing to model and analyse multi-agent systems has been brought forth as a consequence of recent developments in optimal transport theory. In this thesis, we extend for the first time several of these concepts to the framework of control theory. We prove several results on this topic, including Pontryagin optimality necessary conditions in Wasserstein spaces, intrinsic regularity properties of optimal solutions, sufficient conditions for different kinds of pattern formation, and an auxiliary result pertaining to singularity arrangements in Sub-Riemannian geometry
Hadikhanloo, Saeed. « Apprentissage dans les jeux à champ moyen ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED001/document.
Texte intégralMean Field Games (MFG) are a class of differential games in which each agent is infinitesimal and interacts with a huge population of other agents. In this thesis, we raise the question of the actual formation of the MFG equilibrium. Indeed, the game being quite involved, it is unrealistic to assume that the agents can compute the equilibrium configuration. This seems to indicate that, if the equilibrium configuration arises, it is because the agents have learned how to play the game. Hence the main question is to find learning procedures in mean field games and investigating if they converge to an equilibrium. We have inspired from the learning schemes in static games and tried to apply them to our dynamical model of MFG. We especially focus on fictitious play and online mirror descent applications on different types of mean field games; those are either Potential, Monotone or Discrete
Zorkot, Ahmad. « Approximation de jeux à champ moyen ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0026.
Texte intégralThe purpose of the theory of mean field games is to study a class of differential games (deterministic or stochastic) with a large number of agents. Since very few mean field games admit explicit solutions, numerical methods play an essential role in describing quantitatively, and also qualitatively, the associated Nash equilibria. This thesis is focused on numerical techniques to solve several types of mean field game problems
Vasileiadis, Athanasios. « Apprentissage par renforcement à champ moyen : une perspective de contrôle optimal ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5005.
Texte intégralThe goal of the PhD will be to implement a similar mean field approach to handle MARL. This idea was investigated, at least for individual agents, in several recent papers. In all of them, not only Mean field approach to MARL (Multi Agent Reinforcement Learning) does the mean field approach allow for a significant decrease of complexity, but it also provides distributed (or decentralized) solutions, which are of a very convenient use in practice. Numerical implementation using either on-or off-policy learning is discussed in the literature. The first part of the thesis will consist in revisiting the former works from a mathematical point of view. In particular, this will ask for a careful stability analysis addressing both the passage from a finite to an infinite system of agents and the use of approximated (instead of exact) policies. We may expect monotonicity to play a key role in the overall analysis; another, but more prospective, direction is to discuss the influence of a stochastic environment onto the behavior of the algorithms themselves. Another part of the thesis will be dedicated to the cooperative case the analysis of which will rely upon mean field control theory. Potential structures may allow to make the connection between individual and cooperative cases. The connection between the two may indeed play an important role for incentive design or, equivalently, for mimicking a cooperative system with individual agents. In this regard, connection with distributional reinforcement learning, may be an interesting question as well
Fernandez, Montero Alejandro. « Champ moyen local et transport de l’énergie dans des systèmes hors équilibre ». Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX044.
Texte intégralChains of oscillator systems enable to model microscopically a solid, in order to study energy transport and prove Fourier’s law. In this thesis, we introduce two new models of chains of oscillators with local mean field mechanical interaction and stochastic collisions that preserve the system’s total energy. The first model is a model with stochastic velocity exchanges of Kac type. The second one is a model with random flips of velocities, where the sign of the particles’ velocities is changed at random times.As we consider local mean field models, particles are not indistinguishable, and the conservative stochastic exchanges in our first model are an additional difficulty for the proof of a Vlasov limit. We first derive a quantitative mean field limit, that we then use to prove that energy evolves diffusively at a given timescale for the model with long-range exchanges and for a restricted class of anharmonic potentials. At the same timescale, we also prove that there is no evolution of energy for the model with flips of velocities.For harmonic interactions, we then compute thermal conductivity via Green-Kubo formula for both models, to highlight that the timescale at which energy evolves for the model with velocity flips is longer and therefore that the mechanisms at play for energy transport are different
Dao, Manh-Khang. « Équation de Hamilton-Jacobi et jeux à champ moyen sur les réseaux ». Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S042/document.
Texte intégralThe dissertation focuses on the study of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associated with optimal control problems and mean field games problems in the case when the state space is a network. Different dynamics and running costs are allowed in each edge of the network. In the first part of this thesis, we consider an optimal control on networks in the spirit of the works of Achdou, Camilli, Cutrì & Tchou (2013) and Imbert, Monneau & Zidani (2013). The main new feature is that there are entry (or exit) costs at the edges of the network leading to a possible discontinuous value function. The value function is characterized as the unique viscosity solution of a Hamilton-Jacobi equation for which an adequate junction condition is established. The uniqueness is a consequence of a comparison principle for which we give two different proofs. One uses some arguments from the theory of optimal control and is inspired by Achdou, Oudet & Tchou (2015). The other one is based on partial differential equations techniques and is inspired by a recent work of Lions & Souganidis (2017). The second part is about stochastic mean field games for which the state space is a network. In the ergodic case, they are described by a system coupling a Hamilton- Jacobi-Bellman equation and a Fokker-Planck equation, whose unknowns are the density m of the invariant measure which represents the distribution of the players, the value function v which comes from an "average" optimal control problem and the ergodic constant ρ. The function v is continuous and satisfies general Kirchhoff conditions at the vertices. The density m satisfies dual transmission conditions. In particular, due to the generality of Kirchhoff’s conditions, m is in general discontinuous at the vertices. Existence and uniqueness are proven for subquadratic Hamiltonian and very general assumptions about the coupling term. Finally, in the last part, we study non-stationary stochastic mean field games on networks. The transition conditions for value function v and the density m are similar to the ones given in second part. Here again, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a weak solution for sublinear Hamiltonian and bounded non-local regularizing coupling term. The main additional difficulty compared to the stationary case, which imposes us more restrictive hypotheses, is to establish the regularity of the solutions of the system placed on a network. Our approach is to study the solution of the derived Hamilton-Jacobi equation to gain regularity over the initial equation
Bassou, Leila. « Optimal control methods for systemic risk ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX041.
Texte intégralThis thesis is dedicated to the study of cross-holding game's Nash equilibria in various frameworks. The related model, which was introduced by M-F. Djete & N. Touzi in 2020, aims to capture the interdependence between differenteconomic agents by taking into account, on the one hand, the mutual holding of sharesbetween the entities, and on the other hand, their incomes that can be correlated.- The first part is devoted to the finite population game within the framework of the exponential utility criterion. In the static and dynamic settings under gaussian Bachelier type dynamic, we completely characterize the Nash equilibria and their existence conditions.- The second part is dedicated to the one-period mean field game with common noise (the revenues are correlated), by considering the mean-variance criterion. The formulation of the problem reveals a No-arbitrage condition. In this framework, we characterized explicitly this condition, as well as the mean field equilibria.- In the third part, we extended the study of the mean-field game, with common noise, to the continuous time setting. Here, the problem reveals a weak notion of No-arbitrage condition. The characterization of this condition reduces the analysis of the mean field equilibria to the classical problem of optimal portfolio with random endowment
Rousselle, Denis. « Classification d’objets au moyen de machines à vecteurs supports dans les images de sonar de haute résolution du fond marin ». Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0020.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to improve the classification of underwater objects in high resolution sonar images. Especially, we seek to make the distinction between mines and harmless objects from a collection of mine-like objects. Our research was led by two classical constraints of the mine warfare : firstly, the lack of data and secondly, the need for readability of the classification. In this context, we built a database as much representative as possible and simulated objects in order to complete it. The lack of examples led us to use a compact representation, originally used by the face recognition community : the Structural Binary Gradient Patterns (SBGP). To the same end, we derived a method of semi-supervised domain adaptation, based on optimal transport, that can be easily interpreted. Finally, we developed a new classification algorithm : the Ensemble of Exemplar-Maximum Excluding Ball (EE-MEB) which is suitable for small datasets and with an easily interpretable decision function
Masoero, Marco. « On the long time behavior of potential MFG ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED057.
Texte intégralThe purpose of this thesis is to shed some light on the long time behavior of potential Mean Field Games (MFG), regardless of the convexity of the minimization problem associated. For finite dimensional Hamiltonian systems, problems of the same nature have been addressed through the so-called weak KAM theory. We transpose many results of this theory in the infinite dimensional context of potential MFG. First, we characterize through an ergodic approximation the limit value associated to time dependent MFG systems. We provide explicit examples where this value is strictly greater than the energy level of stationary solutions of the ergodic MFG system. This implies that optimal trajectories of time dependent MFG systems cannot converge to stationary configurations. Then, we prove the convergence of the minimization problem associated to time dependent MFGs to a solution of the critical Hamilton-Jacobi equation in the space of probability measures. In addition, we show a mean field limit for the ergodic constant associated with the corresponding finite dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi equation. In the last part we characterize the limit of the infinite horizon discounted minimization problem that we use for the ergodic approximation in the first part of the manuscript
Rousselle, Denis. « Classification d’objets au moyen de machines à vecteurs supports dans les images de sonar de haute résolution du fond marin ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0020.
Texte intégralThis thesis aims to improve the classification of underwater objects in high resolution sonar images. Especially, we seek to make the distinction between mines and harmless objects from a collection of mine-like objects. Our research was led by two classical constraints of the mine warfare : firstly, the lack of data and secondly, the need for readability of the classification. In this context, we built a database as much representative as possible and simulated objects in order to complete it. The lack of examples led us to use a compact representation, originally used by the face recognition community : the Structural Binary Gradient Patterns (SBGP). To the same end, we derived a method of semi-supervised domain adaptation, based on optimal transport, that can be easily interpreted. Finally, we developed a new classification algorithm : the Ensemble of Exemplar-Maximum Excluding Ball (EE-MEB) which is suitable for small datasets and with an easily interpretable decision function
Mouzouni, Charafeddine. « Topic in mean field games theory & ; applications in economics and quantitative finance ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEC006.
Texte intégralMean Field Game (MFG) systems describe equilibrium configurations in differential games with infinitely many infinitesimal interacting agents. This thesis is articulated around three different contributions to the theory of Mean Field Games. The main purpose is to explore the power of this theory as a modeling tool in various fields, and to propose original approaches to deal with the underlying mathematical questions. The first chapter presents the key concepts and ideas that we use throughout the thesis: we introduce the MFG problem, and we briefly explain the asymptotic link with N-Player differential games when N → ∞. Next we present our main results and contributions, that are explained more in details in the subsequent chapters. In Chapter 2, we explore a Mean Field Game model with myopic agents. In contrast to the classical MFG models, we consider less rational agents which do not anticipate the evolution of the environment, but only observe the current state of the system, undergo changes and take actions accordingly. We analyze the resulting system of coupled PDEs and provide a rigorous derivation of that system from N-Player stochastic differential games models. Next, we show that our population of agents can self-organize and converge exponentially fast to the well-known ergodic MFG equilibrium. Chapters 3 and 4 deal with a MFG model in which producers compete to sell an exhaustible resource such as oil, coal, natural gas, or minerals. In Chapter 3, we propose an alternative approach based on a variational method to formulate the MFG problem, and we explore the deterministic limit (without fluctuations of demand) in a regime where re- sources are renewable or abundant. In Chapter 4 we address the rigorous link between the Cournot MFG model and the N-Player Cournot competition when N is large. In Chapter 5, we introduce a MFG model for the optimal execution of a multi-asset portfolio. We start by formulating the MFG problem, then we compute the optimal execution strategy for a given investor knowing her/his initial inventory and we carry out several simulations. Next, we analyze the influence of the trading activity on the observed intra-day pattern of the covariance matrix of returns and we apply our results in an empirical analysis on a pool of 176 US stocks
Mezerdi, Mohamed Amine. « Equations différentielles stochastiques de type McKean-Vlasov et leur contrôle optimal ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0014.
Texte intégralWe consider Mc Kean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are SDEs where the drift and diffusion coefficients depend not only on the state of the unknown process but also on its probability distribution. These SDEs called also mean- field SDEs were first studied in statistical physics and represent in some sense the average behavior of an infinite number of particles. Recently there has been a renewed interest for this kind of equations in the context of mean-field game theory. Since the pioneering papers by P.L. Lions and J.M. Lasry, mean-field games and mean-field control theory has raised a lot of interest, motivated by applications to various fields such as game theory, mathematical finance, communications networks and management of oil resources. In this thesis, we studied questions of stability with respect to initial data, coefficients and driving processes of Mc Kean-Vlasov equations. Generic properties for this type of SDEs, such as existence and uniqueness, stability with respect to parameters, have been investigated. In control theory, our attention were focused on existence, approximation of relaxed controls for controlled Mc Kean-Vlasov SDEs
Barré, Julien. « Mécanique statistique et dynamique hors équilibre de systèmes avec interactions à longue portée ». Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSL0253.
Texte intégralIn the presence of long range interactions, physics is very peculiar : energy is no more additive, phase separation in the usual sense is impossible, dynamics is necessarily coherent on a global scale. . . These peculiarities are independent of the origin of the long range interaction involved, which may be of many different types : gravitational, interaction between vortices in 2D turbulence, unshielded Coulombic interaction, wave-particles couplings for instance. The goal of this thesis is to explore precisely the universality of behaviours in these long range interaction systems; we start from the analysis of toy models, aiming at general results and methods. In a first part, we study equilibrium statistical mechanics which, as is known, may be anomalous and show for instance negative specific heat, or inequivalence between statistical ensembles. We show these anomalies around a tricritical point on an exactly solvable mean field spin model. We then use a general method, based on large deviation theory, to solve the statistical mechanics of long range interaction systems, and we apply it to a number of examples, whose microcanonical solution was till now inaccessible. From these results, and using singularity theory, we are able to classify all the possible inequivalence of ensembles situations. In a second part, we study the out of equilibrium dynamics of long range interacting systems : we explain in details an example of structure formation, and then we present and illustrate a general scenario for slow relaxation to equilibrium, based on the tight link with Vlasov equation. Finally, we apply the previous ideas and methods to a model of free electron laser on a linear accelerator, which yields an original approach, complementary to the usual purely dynamical one for this type of lasers
Leutscher, de las Nieves Marcos. « Contributions to the linear programming approach for mean field games and its applications to electricity markets ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAG010.
Texte intégralThis thesis presents three main contributions related to the linear programming approach for mean field games (MFGs).The first part of the thesis is concerned with the theoretical aspects of MFGs allowing simultaneously for optimal stopping, stochastic control and absorption. Using the linear programming formulation for this type of MFGs, a general existence result for MFG Nash equilibria is derived under mild assumptions by means of Kakutani-Fan-Glicksberg's fixed point theorem. This relaxation method is shown to be equivalent to the controlled/stopped martingale approach for MFGs, another relaxation method used in earlier papers in the pure control case. Furthermore, under appropriate conditions, we show that our notion of solution satisfies a partial differential equation (PDE) system, allowing to compare our results with the PDE literature.The second part focuses on a numerical algorithm for approximating the MFG Nash equilibrium taking advantage of the linear programming approach. The convergence of this algorithm is shown for two classes of MFG, MFGs with optimal stopping and absorption, and MFGs with stochastic control and absorption. The numerical scheme belongs to the class of learning procedures. In particular, we apply the Fictitious Play algorithm where the best response at each iteration is computed by solving a linear programming problem.The last part of the thesis deals with an application of MFGs to the long term dynamics of the electricity industry. Different macroeconomic and climate policy scenarios are possible for the coming years, and the exact scenario remains uncertain. Therefore, conventional or renewable producers aiming to exit or enter the market, respectively, are facing uncertainty about the future carbon price and climate policies. Both classes of producers interact through the electricity market price. Nash equilibrium strategies over stopping times are considered and the problem is analyzed through a MFG model. To this end, we develop the linear programming approach for MFGs of optimal stopping with common noise and partial information in discrete time. We show the existence of an MFG Nash equilibrium and the uniqueness of the equilibrium market price. Finally, we extend the numerical algorithm developed in the second part of the thesis to illustrate the model with an empirical example inspired by the UK electricity market
Chaudru, de Raynal Paul Éric. « Équations différentielles stochastiques : résolubilité forte d'équations singulières dégénérées ; analyse numérique de systèmes progressifs-rétrogrades de McKean-Vlasov ». Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954417.
Texte intégralDelattre, Thomas. « Fluctuations quantiques de courant dans les nanotubes de carbone ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00528936.
Texte intégralChaintreau, Augustin. « Processus d'interaction dans les réseaux de données ». Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066601.
Texte intégralDuran, Santiago. « Resource allocation with observable and unobservable environments ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30018.
Texte intégralThis thesis studies resource allocation problems in large-scale stochastic networks. We work on problems where the availability of resources is subject to time fluctuations, a situation that one may encounter, for example, in load balancing systems or in wireless downlink scheduling systems. The time fluctuations are modelled considering two types of processes, controllable processes, whose evolution depends on the action of the decision maker, and environment processes, whose evolution is exogenous. The stochastic evolution of the controllable process depends on the the current state of the environment. Depending on whether the decision maker observes the state of the environment, we say that the environment is observable or unobservable. The mathematical formulation used is the Markov Decision Processes (MDPs).The thesis follows three main research axes. In the first problem we study the optimal control of a Multi-armed restless bandit problem (MARBP) with an unobservable environment. The objective is to characterise the optimal policy for the controllable process in spite of the fact that the environment cannot be observed. We consider the large-scale asymptotic regime in which the number of bandits and the speed of the environment both tend to infinity. In our main result we establish that a set of priority policies is asymptotically optimal. We show that, in particular, this set includes Whittle index policy of a system whose parameters are averaged over the stationary behaviour of the environment. In the second problem, we consider an MARBP with an observable environment. The objective is to leverage information on the environment to derive an optimal policy for the controllable process. Assuming that the technical condition of indexability holds, we develop an algorithm to compute Whittle's index. We then apply this result to the particular case of a queue with abandonments. We prove indexability, and we provide closed-form expressions of Whittle's index. In the third problem we consider a model of a large-scale storage system, where there are files distributed across a set of nodes. Each node breaks down following a law that depends on the load it handles. Whenever a node breaks down, all the files it had are reallocated to other nodes. We study the evolution of the load of a single node in the mean-field regime, when the number of nodes and files grow large. We prove the existence of the process in the mean-field regime. We further show the convergence in distribution of the load in steady state as the average number of files per node tends to infinity
Laguzet, Laetitia. « Modélisation mathématique et numérique des comportements sociaux en milieu incertain. Application à l'épidémiologie ». Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090058/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis propose a mathematical analysis of the vaccination strategies.The first part introduces the mathematical framework, in particular the Susceptible – Infected – Recovered compartmental model.The second part introduces the optimal control tools used to find an optimal vaccination strategy from the societal point of view, which is a minimizer of the societal cost. We show that the associated value function can have a less regularity than what was assumed in the literature. These results are then applied to the vaccination against the whooping cough.The third part defines a model where the cost is defined at the level of the individual. We rephrase this problem as a Nash equilibrium and compare this results with the societal strategy. An application to the Influenza A(H1N1) 2009-10 indicates the presence of inhomogeneous perceptions concerning the vaccination risks.The fourth and last part proposes a direct numerical implementation of the different strategies
Simard, Corinne. « Détermination des coefficients de transport turbulent et analyse des cycles magnétiques produits dans un modèle dynamo en champ moyen avec et sans rétroaction magnétique ». Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19303.
Texte intégralThe recent developments achieved by tri-dimensionals magnetohydrodynamic (3D-MHD) global simulations of solar convection allow us to generate an organized large-scale magnetic fields with well-synchronized hemispheric polarity reversal. Because the vast majority of these simulations do not include a modelization of the Sun's surface layer, the generation of their dynamo is thus solely due to the action of the turbulent electromotive force (EMF) in conjunction with differential rotation. From this EMF, different methods can be used to extract the turbulent transport coefficients. In particular, various authors found a full 9 component alpha-tensor (first order coefficients) where all the components are of the same order of magnitude. This finding calls into question the alphaOmega approximation made by the vast majority of mean field dynamo models. We generalized a first order (alpha-tensor) singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis procedure to extract the 18 additional components of the second order tensor (beta-tensor). The alpha and beta tensors obtained by this new procedure as applied to the EULAG-MHD outputs, are similar to the equivalent alpha and beta tensors obtained using the second order correlation approximation (SOCA). By introducing the first order turbulent transport coefficients in a mean field dynamo model, we study the magnetic solutions where double dynamo modes were observed. This analysis allows us to compare the mean field dynamo solutions produced with the EMF, as extracted from EULAG-MHD, with the real magnetic output of EULAG-MHD. This proof of concept demonstrated that the quasi-biennal oscillation observed in the surface toroidal magnetic field in EULAG-MHD can be produced by the inductive action of a secondary dynamo. A similar quasi-biennal oscillation signal is also observed in multiple proxies of the solar activity whose origin is still not confirmed. Although the physical set of properties under which the two numerical models described above operate are different from the Sun, the fact that both models can reproduce a secondary dynamo shows us that the inductive action of the EMF can easily produce two dynamos. Finally, in order to study epochs of grand minima that still cannot be reproduced in global 3D-MHD simulations of convection, we added a magnetic feedback on the mean azimutal flow in our kinematic mean field model. This non-kinematic alpha2Omega model was able to reproduce the tendency of the Prandtl number (Pm) to control the ratio of the modulation period. More specifically, we found an inverse relation between Pm and the ratio of the main magnetic cycle period to the grand minima occurrence period. Moreover, by analyzing a simulation of a length of 50,000 years, where aperiodic periods of grand minima and maxima are observed, we found a waiting time distribution (WTD) of the grand minima close to an exponential, a characteristic also observed in the reconstruction of the solar activity. Finally, the level of fluctuation in the surface differential rotation associated with epochs of grand minima is ~1%. This level of fluctuation was also observed in historical reconstructions of the surface differential rotation during the Maunder minimum.