Articles de revues : « TRANSLATIONAL BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES »

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Ackerman, Sara L., Katherine Weatherford Darling, Sandra Soo-Jin Lee, Robert A. Hiatt et Janet K. Shim. « The Ethics of Translational Science : Imagining Public Benefit in Gene-Environment Interaction Research ». Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3 (29 juin 2017) : 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2017.152.

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Biomedical research is increasingly informed by expectations of “translation,” which call for the production of scientific knowledge that can be used to create services and products that improve health outcomes. In this paper, we ask how translation, in particular the idea of social responsibility, is understood and enacted in the post-genomic life sciences. Drawing on theories examining what constitutes “good science,” and interviews with 35 investigators who study the role of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we describe the dynamic and unsettled ethics of translational science through which the expected social value of scientific knowledge about complex disease causation is negotiated. To describe how this ethics is formed, we first discuss the politics of knowledge production in interdisciplinary research collectives. Researchers described a commitment to working across disciplines to examine a wide range of possible causes of disease, but they also pointed to persistent disciplinary and ontological divisions that rest on the dominance of molecular conceptions of disease risk. The privileging of molecular-level causation shapes and constrains the kinds of knowledge that can be created about gene-environment interactions. We then turn to scientists’ ideas about how this knowledge should be used, including personalized prevention strategies, targeted therapeutics, and public policy interventions. Consensus about the relative value of these anticipated translations was elusive, and many scientists agreed that gene-environment interaction research is part of a shift in biomedical research away from considering important social, economic, political and historical causes of disease and disease disparities. We conclude by urging more explicit engagement with questions about the ethics of translational science in the post-genomic life sciences. This would include a consideration of who will benefit from emerging scientific knowledge, how benefits will accrue, and the ways in which normative assumptions about the public good come to be embedded in scientific objects and procedures.

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Engebretsen, Eivind, Gina Fraas Henrichsen et John Ødemark. « Towards a translational medical humanities : introducing the cultural crossings of care ». Medical Humanities 46, n^o 2 (27 avril 2020) : e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2019-011751.

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In this introductory essay, we will present a translational medical humanities approach where the humanities are not only an auxiliary to medical science and practice, but also an interdisciplinary space where both medicine and the humanities mutually challenge and inform each other. First, we explore how medicine’s attempt to tackle the nature–culture divide is emblematically expressed in the concept and practice of knowledge translation (hereinafter KT). Second, we compare and contrast KT as an epistemic ideology and a socio-medical practice, with concepts and practices of translation developed in the human sciences. In particular, we emphasise Derrida’s understanding of translation as inherent in all meaning making, as a fundamentally textual process and as a process necessarily creating difference rather than semantic equivalence. Finally, we analyse a case from clinical medicine showing how a more refined notion of translation can enlighten the interaction between biomedical and cultural factors. Such a translational medical humanities approach also requires a rethinking of the concept of evidence in medicine.

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Haynes, Brittany, Kyle Brimacombe, Christy Hare et Jessica Faupel-Badger. « The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences’ Intramural Training Program and Fellow Career Outcomes ». CBE—Life Sciences Education 19, n^o 4 (décembre 2020) : ar51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.20-03-0048.

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The translational scientist skill sets are consistent with those currently being emphasized in biomedical research to prepare trainees for various career options. The framework of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences intramural research program and the career outcomes of its alumni will be of interest to those involved in the career preparedness of early-career scientists.

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Gouripeddi, Ram, Danielle Groat, Samir E. Abdelrahman, Tom Cheatham, Mollie Cummins, Karen Eilbeck, Bernie LaSalle, Katherine Sward et Julio C. Facelli. « 3339 Development of a Competency-based Informatics Course for Translational Researchers ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (mars 2019) : 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.156.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Translational researchers often require the use of informatics methods in their work. Lack of an understanding of key informatics principles and methods limits the abilities of translational researchers to successfully implement Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) principles in grant proposal submissions and performed studies. In this study we describe our work in addressing this limitation in the workforce by developing a competency-based, modular course in informatics to meet the needs of diverse translational researchers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We established a Translational Research Informatics Education Collaborative (TRIEC) consisting of faculty at the University of Utah (UU) with different primary expertise in informatics methods, and working in different tiers of the translational spectrum. The TRIEC, in collaboration with the Foundation of Workforce Development of the Utah Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), gathered informatics needs of early investigators by consolidating requests for informatics services, assistance provided in grant writing, and consultations. We then reviewed existing courses and literature for informatics courses that focused on clinical and translational researchers [3–9]. Using the structure and content of the identified courses, we developed an initial draft of a syllabus for a Translational Research Informatics (TRI) course which included key informatics topics to be covered and learning activities, and iteratively refined it through discussions. The course was approved by the UU Department of Biomedical Informatics, UU Graduate School and the CCTS. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The TRI course introduces informatics PhD students, clinicians, and public health practitioners who have a demonstrated interest in research, to fundamental principles and tools of informatics. At the completion of the course, students will be able to describe and identify informatics tools and methods relevant to translational research and demonstrate inter-professional collaboration in the development of a research proposal addressing a relevant translational science question that utilizes the state-of-the-art in informatics. TRI covers a diverse set of informatics content presented as modules: genomics and bioinformatics, electronic health records, exposomics, microbiomics, molecular methods, data integration and fusion, metadata management, semantics, software architectures, mobile computing, sensors, recruitment, community engagement, secure computing environments, data mining, machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence and data science, open source informatics tools and platforms, research reproducibility, and uncertainty quantification. The teaching methods for TRI include (1) modular didactic learning consisting of presentations and readings and face-to-face discussions of the content, (2) student presentations of informatics literature relevant to their final project, and (3) a final project consisting of the development, critique and chalk talk and formal presentations of informatics methods and/or aims of an National Institutes of Health style K or R grant proposal. For (3), the student presents their translational research proposal concept at the beginning of the course, and works with members of the TRIEC with corresponding expertise. The final course grade is a combination of the final project, paper presentations and class participation. We offered TRI to a first cohort of students in the Fall semester of 2018. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Translational research informatics is a sub-domain of biomedical informatics that applies and develops informatics theory and methods for translational research. TRI covers a diverse set of informatics topics that are applicable across the translational spectrum. It covers both didactic material and hands-on experience in using the material in grant proposals and research studies. TRI’s course content, teaching methodology and learning activities enable students to initially learn factual informatics knowledge and skills for translational research correspond to the ‘Remember, Understand, and Apply’ levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy [10]. The final project provides opportunity for applying these informatics concepts corresponding to the ‘Analyze, Evaluate, and Create’ levels of the Bloom’s taxonomy [10]. This inter-professional, competency-based, modular course will develop an informatics-enabled workforce trained in using state-of-the-art informatics solutions, increasing the effectiveness of translational science and precision medicine, and promoting FAIR principles in research data management and processes. Future work includes opening the course to all Clinical and Translational Science Award hubs and publishing the course material as a reference book. While student evaluations for the first cohort will be available end of the semester, true evaluation of TRI will be the number of trainees taking the course and successful grant proposal submissions. References: 1. Wilkinson MD, Dumontier M, et al. The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data. 2016 Mar 15. 2. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. Translational Science Spectrum. National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. 2015 [cited 2018 Nov 15]. Available from: https://ncats.nih.gov/translation/spectrum 3. Hu H, Mural RJ, Liebman MN. Biomedical Informatics in Translational Research. 1 edition. Boston: Artech House; 2008. 264 p. 4. Payne PRO, Embi PJ, Niland J. Foundational biomedical informatics research in the clinical and translational science era: a call to action. J Am Med Inform Assoc JAMIA. 2010;17(6):615–6. 5. Payne PRO, Embi PJ, editors. Translational Informatics: Realizing the Promise of Knowledge-Driven Healthcare. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2015 edition. Springer; 2016. 196 p. 6. Richesson R, Andrews J, editors. Clinical Research Informatics. 2nd ed. Springer International Publishing; 2019. (Health Informatics). 7. Robertson D, MD GHW, editors. Clinical and Translational Science: Principles of Human Research. 2 edition. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2017. 808 p. 8. Shen B, Tang H, Jiang X, editors. Translational Biomedical Informatics: A Precision Medicine Perspective. Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2016 edition. S.l.: Springer; 2018. 340 p. 9. Valenta AL, Meagher EA, Tachinardi U, Starren J. Core informatics competencies for clinical and translational scientists: what do our customers and collaborators need to know? J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2016 Jul 1;23(4):835–9. 10. Anderson LW, Krathwohl DR, Airasian PW, Cruikshank KA, Mayer RE, Pintrich PR, Raths J, Wittrock MC. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Abridged Edition. 1 edition. New York: Pearson; 2000.

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Hutchins, B. Ian, Matthew T. Davis, Rebecca A. Meseroll et George M. Santangelo. « Predicting translational progress in biomedical research ». PLOS Biology 17, n^o 10 (10 octobre 2019) : e3000416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000416.

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Bano, Rahmat, Sushma Gupta et Chander Shekhar. « Translational research in biomedical sciences in India : Challenges, observations & ; national perspectives ». Indian Journal of Medical Research 152, n^o 4 (2020) : 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1296_19.

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Bezerra, Italla Maria Pinheiro. « Translational medicine and its contribution to public health ». Journal of Human Growth and Development 27, n^o 1 (13 avril 2017) : 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.127642.

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Translational medicine is a new paradigm that propitiates the transfer of knowledge built in the experimental laboratory to clinical practice and correlates with the field of Public Health, although there are still challenges. However, several professionals from different fields of knowledge, from researchers and managers of health care area as well as students of the exact sciences, have been conducting research with this focus, from the knowledge generated in the biomedical laboratories or not, correlating to those produced in basic and applied sciences, focusing on the improvement of health services.

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Bodenreider, O., et A. Burgun. « Accessing and Integrating Data and Knowledge for Biomedical Research ». Yearbook of Medical Informatics 17, n^o 01 (août 2008) : 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638588.

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Summary Objectives To review the issues that have arisen with the advent of translational research in terms of integration of data and knowledge, and survey current efforts to address these issues. MethodsUsing examples form the biomedical literature, we identified new trends in biomedical research and their impact on bioinformatics. We analyzed the requirements for effective knowledge repositories and studied issues in the integration of biomedical knowledge. Results New diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on gene expression patterns have brought about new issues in the statistical analysis of data, and new workflows are needed are needed to support translational research. Interoperable data repositories based on standard annotations, infrastructures and services are needed to support the pooling and meta-analysis of data, as well as their comparison to earlier experiments. High-quality, integrated ontologies and knowledge bases serve as a source of prior knowledge used in combination with traditional data mining techniques and contribute to the development of more effective data analysis strategies. Conclusion As biomedical research evolves from traditional clinical and biological investigations towards omics sciences and translational research, specific needs have emerged, including integrating data collected in research studies with patient clinical data, linking omics knowledge with medical knowledge, modeling the molecular basis of diseases, and developing tools that support in-depth analysis of research data. As such, translational research illustrates the need to bridge the gap between bioinformatics and medical informatics, and opens new avenues for biomedical informatics research.

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Paul, Mari. « Translational investigators : life sciences' application engineers ». Nature Biotechnology 25, n^o 7 (juillet 2007) : 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0707-817.

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CHANCE, BRITTON, et SHOKO NIOKA. « HISTORY AND PRESENT STATE OF TRANSLATIONAL ELECTRO-OPTICAL APPLICATIONS TO MEDICINE ». Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 01, n^o 01 (juin 2008) : 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793545808000170.

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This paper reviews the history of the optoelectric devices applied to biomedical sciences in 20th century. It describes history of Vacuum tubes and Spectroscopies with the author's personal experiences, especially doublebeam spectroscopy. Further, the present developments of Near Infra Red (NIR) devices are described in translational biomedical applications. It includes particulary micro optoelectronics developments and present status of NIR breast cancer detection. Lastly, intrinsic molecular biomarkers are discussed especially NIR measurements of angiogenensis, hypermetabolism and heat production for cancer detection.

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Zaza, Gianluigi, et Giovanni Gambaro. « Editorial of Special Issue “Rare Kidney Diseases : New Translational Research Approach to Improve Diagnosis and Therapy” ». International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, n^o 12 (14 juin 2020) : 4244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124244.

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In this Special Issue entitled “Rare Kidney Diseases: New Translational Research Approach to Improve Diagnosis and Therapy”, of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, that includes original articles and reviews, authors have underlined the role of biomedical research in providing new insights into the pathologies of complex kidney diseases [...]

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Kotarba, Joseph A. « The Everyday Life Intersection of Translational Science and Music ». Qualitative Sociology Review 15, n^o 2 (30 avril 2019) : 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.15.2.04.

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The purpose of this paper is to discuss the theoretical relationship between translational science and music. The relationship between science and music has been of great interest to philosophers, historians, and musicologists for centuries. From a sociological perspective, we argue that science and music are closely linked at the level of everyday life in contemporary biomedical science. Translational science is a scientific movement that aims to facilitate the efficient application of bio-medical research to the design and delivery of clinical services, and a qualitative approach inspired by symbolic interactionism provides the opportunity to examine the place of the scientist in this movement. The concept of the existential self provides a useful platform for this examination insofar as the reflexive nature of the existential self is the way the person’s experience of individuality is affected by and in turn affects organizational change. An ongoing qualitative study of an NIH-funded program in translational science has found that music can serve to help scientists maintain a balanced self in light of new expectations placed upon them and their work. We identify six ways in which scientists can use music to enhance their sense of self and their work.

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Tatullo, Marco, Barbara Zavan, Fabio Genovese, Bruna Codispoti, Irina Makeeva, Sandro Rengo, Leonzio Fortunato et Gianrico Spagnuolo. « Borophene Is a Promising 2D Allotropic Material for Biomedical Devices ». Applied Sciences 9, n^o 17 (21 août 2019) : 3446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9173446.

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Allotropic 2D materials are the new frontier of materials science, due to their unique strategic properties and application within several sciences. Allotropic 2D materials have shown tunable physical, chemical, biochemical, and optical characteristics, and among the allotropic materials, graphene has been widely investigated for its interesting properties, which are highly required in biomedical applications. Recently, the synthesis of thin 2D boron sheets, developed on Ag(111) substrates, was able to create a 2D triangular structure called borophene (BO). Borophene has consistently shown anisotropic behavior similar to graphene. In this topical review, we will describe the main properties and latest applications of borophene. This review will critically describe the most interesting uses of borophene as part of electronic and optical circuits. Moreover, we will report how borophene can be an innovative component of sensors within biomedical devices, and we will discuss its use in nanotechnologies and theranostic applications. The conclusions will provide insight into the latest frontiers of translational medicine involving this novel and strategic 2D allotropic material.

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Green, Shon. « Programming superior cells : translational progress at the Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences and Umoja Biopharma ». Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 6, n^o 1 (5 février 2020) : 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2020.005.

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Devi, Gayathri, Ranjan Sudan, Stephanie Freel et Laura Fish. « 2305 ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (septembre 2017) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.171.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To improve translational research, we have developed a program called Duke Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Translational Sciences (Duke MERITS). Duke MERITS will facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration among faculty involved in foundational, clinical and/or health care research and in turn also prepare them to train the next generation of translational researchers. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The program aims are (1) to define metrics and outcomes measures so faculty can track their progress and identify impact of their collaborative research in translational sciences; (2) to offer a multi-modal faculty development series to promote team science, improve didactic teaching, and incorporate innovative resources to promote interdisciplinary approach to translational research; (3) to provide module-based hands-on-training sessions in bench to bedside research and training in translational grant writing to facilitate the development of multidisciplinary research collaborations. The present study describes results from Aim 1 and includes (a) development of baseline outcome assessment tools necessary to gauge the impact of our programs on both the participating faculty and the research culture within Duke University, (b) impact of a specific course offering in Translational Medicine. In order to achieve this, we conducted multiple focus group sessions with faculty self-identified as junior-, mid-, or advanced-career, a mixed group at any career level and included a group of graduate students and postdoctoral trainees to study the impact of a graduate level course in Translational Aspects of Pathobiology. The activities during these translational science focus groups were designed to define what successful translational science is, to determine what resources support translational Science at Duke, and to decide what resources we need in order to enhance Duke’s position as a leader in research and scientific education. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We identified that translational science is changing standards while incorporating leadership, teamwork, collaborations, and movement primarily focusing on the overall goal of improving all aspects of health. Participants categorized their field of study and the fields of their coparticipants most frequently as basic discovery and a combination of intervention and health services. The most frequently identified pros/benefits of performing translational science at Duke include industry connections, collaborations with other departments resulting in disciplines being bridged, improving patient care, and access to resources as well as money. The most frequently identified cons/barriers of performing translational science includes the expensiveness, silos, and lack of resources willing to absorb risks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The identification of these defined factors from the focus groups has allowed us to issue a comprehensive, sliding Likert scale-based anonymous survey from the secure RedCap system and is being rolled out throughout Duke University, including schools of medicine, nursing, Trinity, biomedical engineering. We envision that Duke MERITS education program will facilitate interprofessional efforts, which we define as a team science approach to identify the clinical “roadblock” and then seek an innovative approach or technology to help overcome this “roadblock”? It can facilitate institutional and departmental recognition in faculty career development. The common goal is to gain fundamental new insights that will result in significant improvement of the existing “standard of care” and meet the challenges of dwindling extramural support.

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Glas, Gerrit. « Translatie als filosofisch programma ». Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 111, n^o 3 (1 octobre 2019) : 453–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/antw2019.3.009.glas.

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Abstract Translation as philosophical program: An explorative reviewWhat does the concept of translation mean in the expression ‘translational neuroscience’? What are the different steps, or components, in the translation of neuroscientific findings to psychiatry? There are serious concerns about the validity and productivity of the traditional idea of a translational pipeline, starting in the fundamental sciences (chemistry, molecular and cellular biology) and ending in the practice of clinical medicine, including psychiatry. The article defends the thesis that the difficulties in the traditional approach result, at least partially, from insufficient reflection on the philosophical premises upon which the concept of translation is based. The linear pipeline model is strongly determined by the traditional biomedical approach to disease. The translation crisis signifies some of the limitations of this approach, especially in the realm of clinical practice and patient experience. The biomedical model suggests that illness manifestations should be conceived as causally determined expressions of an underlying biological derailment or dysfunction. This model lacks the language and conceptual tools to address the role of contextual and person-bound factors in the manifestation of illness. It is only recently that personalized and context-sensitive approaches to psychopathology have gained scientific attention. In the wake of this conceptual and practical reform, network-like approaches to translation have emerged. These network approaches are based on a different conception of transdisciplinarity. They address all stakeholders, by asking them what kind of translation they need. Stakeholders are not only scientists and clinicians, but also patient- and family support groups; and parties that are responsible for the institutional embedding, the financial and logistic infrastructure, and the legal frameworks that support psychiatric care. It is the interaction between science (as producer of knowledge) and the contexts that are supposed to benefit from this knowledge, that should be put at the centre of conceptual reflection. The degree and fruitfulness of this interaction will be decisive for the future of both psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. Philosophy can play an important role in this interaction, by making explicit underlying logical and practical tensions and ambiguities in this interaction.

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Máthé, Domokos, Bálint Kiss, Bernadett Pályi, Zoltán Kis, László Forgách, Nikolett Hegedűs, Zoltán Varga, Krisztián Szigeti, Kinga Karlinger et Miklós S. Z. Kellermayer. « The 3M Concept : Biomedical Translational Imaging from Molecules to Mouse to Man ». EuroBiotech Journal 5, n^o 3 (1 juillet 2021) : 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ebtj-2021-0024.

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Abstract Imaging keeps pervading biomedical sciences from the nanoscale to the bedside. Connecting the hierarchical levels of biomedicine with relevant imaging approaches, however, remains a challenge. Here we present a concept, called “3M”, which can deliver a question, formulated at the bedside, across the wide-ranging hierarchical organization of the living organism, from the molecular level, through the small-animal scale, to whole-body human functional imaging. We present an example of nanoparticle development pipeline extending from atomic force microscopy to pre-clinical whole body imaging methods to highlight the essential features of the 3M concept, which integrates multi-scale resolution and quantification into a single logical process. Using the nanoscale to human clinical whole body approach, we present the successful development, characterisation and application of Prussian Blue nanoparticles for a variety of imaging modalities, extending it to isotope payload quantification and shape-biodistribution relationships. The translation of an idea from the bedside to the molecular level and back requires a set of novel combinatorial imaging methodologies interconnected into a logical pipeline. The proposed integrative molecules-to-mouse-to-man (3M) approach offers a promising, clinically oriented toolkit that lends the prospect of obtaining an ever-increasing amount of correlated information from as small a voxel of the human body as possible.

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Diomidous, M., I. N. Sarkar, K. Takabayashi, A. Ziegler, A. T. McCray et R. Bellazzi. « Data Analysis and Data Mining : Current Issues in Biomedical Informatics ». Methods of Information in Medicine 50, n^o 06 (2011) : 536–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me11-06-0002.

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SummaryBackground: Medicine and biomedical sciences have become data-intensive fields, which, at the same time, enable the application of data-driven approaches and require sophisticated data analysis and data mining methods. Biomedical informatics provides a proper interdisciplinary context to integrate data and knowledge when processing available information, with the aim of giving effective decision-making support in clinics and translational research.Objectives: To reflect on different perspectives related to the role of data analysis and data mining in biomedical informatics. Methods: On the occasion of the 50th year of Methods of Information in Medicine a symposium was organized, which reflected on opportunities, challenges and priorities of organizing, representing and analysing data, information and knowledge in biomedicine and health care. The contributions of experts with a variety of backgrounds in the area of biomedical data analysis have been collected as one outcome of this symposium, in order to provide a broad, though coherent, overview of some of the most interesting aspects of the field.Results: The paper presents sections on data accumulation and data-driven approaches in medical informatics, data and knowledge integration, statistical issues for the evaluation of data mining models, translational bioinformatics and bioinformatics aspects of genetic epidemiology.Conclusions: Biomedical informatics represents a natural framework to properly and effectively apply data analysis and data mining methods in a decision-making context. In the future, it will be necessary to preserve the inclusive nature of the field and to foster an increasing sharing of data and methods between researchers.

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Diederich, Kai, Kathrin Schmitt, Philipp Schwedhelm, Bettina Bert et Céline Heinl. « A guide to open science practices for animal research ». PLOS Biology 20, n^o 9 (15 septembre 2022) : e3001810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001810.

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Translational biomedical research relies on animal experiments and provides the underlying proof of practice for clinical trials, which places an increased duty of care on translational researchers to derive the maximum possible output from every experiment performed. The implementation of open science practices has the potential to initiate a change in research culture that could improve the transparency and quality of translational research in general, as well as increasing the audience and scientific reach of published research. However, open science has become a buzzword in the scientific community that can often miss mark when it comes to practical implementation. In this Essay, we provide a guide to open science practices that can be applied throughout the research process, from study design, through data collection and analysis, to publication and dissemination, to help scientists improve the transparency and quality of their work. As open science practices continue to evolve, we also provide an online toolbox of resources that we will update continually.

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Di Mauro, Gianmarco, Ambra Dondi, Giovanni Giangreco, Alexander Hogrebe, Elja Louer, Elisa Magistrati, Meeli Mullari et al. « ENABLE 2017, the First European PhD and Post-Doc Symposium. Session 2 : The OMICS Revolution ». Biomolecules 8, n^o 4 (17 octobre 2018) : 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom8040116.

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The European Academy for Biomedical Science (ENABLE) is an initiative funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 program involving four renowned European Research Institutes (Institute for Research in Biomedicine—IRB Barcelona, Spain; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences—RIMLS, The Netherlands; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research—NNF CPR, Denmark; European School of Molecular Medicine—SEMM, Italy) and an innovative science communication agency (Scienseed). With the aim of promoting biomedical science of excellence in Europe, ENABLE organizes an annual three-day international event. This gathering includes a top-level scientific symposium bringing together leading scientists, PhD students, and post-doctoral fellows; career development activities supporting the progression of young researchers and fostering discussion about opportunities beyond the bench; and outreach activities stimulating the interaction between science and society. The first European PhD and Post-Doc Symposium, entitled “Breaking Down Complexity: Innovative Models and Techniques in Biomedicine”, was hosted by the vibrant city of Barcelona. The scientific program of the conference was focused on the most recent advances and applications of modern techniques and models in biomedical research and covered a wide range of topics, from synthetic biology to translational medicine. Overall, the event was a great success, with more than 200 attendees from all over Europe actively participating in the symposium by presenting their research and exchanging ideas with their peers and world-renowned scientists.

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Banstola, Ashik, et John N. J. Reynolds. « The Sheep as a Large Animal Model for the Investigation and Treatment of Human Disorders ». Biology 11, n^o 9 (23 août 2022) : 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11091251.

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An essential aim of biomedical research is to translate basic science information obtained from preclinical research using small and large animal models into clinical practice for the benefit of humans. Research on rodent models has enhanced our understanding of complex pathophysiology, thus providing potential translational pathways. However, the success of translating drugs from pre-clinical to clinical therapy has been poor, partly due to the choice of experimental model. The sheep model, in particular, is being increasingly applied to the field of biomedical research and is arguably one of the most influential models of human organ systems. It has provided essential tools and insights into cardiovascular disorder, orthopaedic examination, reproduction, gene therapy, and new insights into neurodegenerative research. Unlike the widely adopted rodent model, the use of the sheep model has an advantage over improving neuroscientific translation, in particular due to its large body size, gyrencephalic brain, long lifespan, more extended gestation period, and similarities in neuroanatomical structures to humans. This review aims to summarise the current status of sheep to model various human diseases and enable researchers to make informed decisions when considering sheep as a human biomedical model.

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Hannestad, Lance M., Vlado Dančík, Meera Godden, Imelda W. Suen, Kenneth C. Huellas-Bruskiewicz, Benjamin M. Good, Christopher J. Mungall et Richard M. Bruskiewich. « Knowledge Beacons : Web services for data harvesting of distributed biomedical knowledge ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 3 (23 mars 2021) : e0231916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231916.

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The continually expanding distributed global compendium of biomedical knowledge is diffuse, heterogeneous and huge, posing a serious challenge for biomedical researchers in knowledge harvesting: accessing, compiling, integrating and interpreting data, information and knowledge. In order to accelerate research towards effective medical treatments and optimizing health, it is critical that efficient and automated tools for identifying key research concepts and their experimentally discovered interrelationships are developed. As an activity within the feasibility phase of a project called “Translator” (https://ncats.nih.gov/translator) funded by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) to develop a biomedical science knowledge management platform, we designed a Representational State Transfer (REST) web services Application Programming Interface (API) specification, which we call a Knowledge Beacon. Knowledge Beacons provide a standardized basic API for the discovery of concepts, their relationships and associated supporting evidence from distributed online repositories of biomedical knowledge. This specification also enforces the annotation of knowledge concepts and statements to the NCATS endorsed the Biolink Model data model and semantic encoding standards (https://biolink.github.io/biolink-model/). Implementation of this API on top of diverse knowledge sources potentially enables their uniform integration behind client software which will facilitate research access and integration of biomedical knowledge. Availability The API and associated software is open source and currently available for access at https://github.com/NCATS-Tangerine/translator-knowledge-beacon.

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Hassan, Mohamed G., Abbas R. Zaher et Athanasios E. Athanasiou. « How orthodontic research can be enriched and advanced by the novel and promising evolutions in biomedicine ». Journal of Orthodontics 48, n^o 3 (16 avril 2021) : 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14653125211006116.

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Recent advances in developmental, molecular and cellular biology as well as biomedical technologies show a promising future for crossing the gap between biomedical basic sciences and clinical orthodontics. Orthodontic research shall utilise the advances and technologies in biomedical fields including genomics, molecular biology, bioinformatics and developmental biology. This review provides an update on the novel and promising evolutions in biomedicine and highlights their current and likely future implementation to orthodontic practice. Biotechnological opportunities in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopaedics are presented with regards to CRISPR technology, multi-omics sequencing, gene therapy, stem cells and regenerative medicine. Future orthodontic advances in terms of translational research are also discussed. Given the breadth of applications and the great number of questions that the presently available novel biomedical tools and techniques raise, their use may provide orthodontic research in the future with a great potential in understanding the aetiology of dentofacial deformities and malocclusions as well as in improving the practice of this clinical specialty.

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Roth, Jacob S., Tobie D. Lee, Dorian M. Cheff, Maya L. Gosztyla, Rosita R. Asawa, Carina Danchik, Sam Michael et al. « Keeping It Clean : The Cell Culture Quality Control Experience at the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences ». SLAS DISCOVERY : Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 25, n^o 5 (1 avril 2020) : 491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220911451.

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Quality control monitoring of cell lines utilized in biomedical research is of utmost importance and is critical for the reproducibility of data. Two key pitfalls in tissue culture are 1) cell line authenticity and 2) Mycoplasma contamination. As a collaborative research institute, the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) receives cell lines from a range of commercial and academic sources, which are adapted for high-throughput screening. Here, we describe the implementation of routine NCATS-wide Mycoplasma testing and short tandem repeat (STR) testing for cell lines. Initial testing identified a >10% Mycoplasma contamination rate. While the implementation of systematic testing has not fully suppressed Mycoplasma contamination rates, clearly defined protocols that include the immediate destruction of contaminated cell lines wherever possible has enabled rapid intervention and removal of compromised cell lines. Data for >2000 cell line samples tested over 3 years, and case studies are provided. STR testing of 186 cell lines with established STR profiles revealed only five misidentified cell lines, all of which were received from external labs. The data collected over the 3 years since implementation of this systematic testing demonstrate the importance of continual vigilance for rapid identification of “problem” cell lines, for ensuring reproducible data in translational science research.

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Wang, Yu, Lei-Miao Yin, Yu-Dong Xu, Yan-Yan Lui, Jun Ran et Yong-Qing Yang. « The Research of Acupuncture Effective Biomolecules : Retrospect and Prospect ». Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013) : 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/608026.

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Acupuncture is an effective, safe and convenient therapy that has been applied for 2,500 years. The acupuncture researches have obtained significant improvement with the technical support of the life sciences and the studies of acupuncture have in turn accelerated the development of biomedical science. The effects of acupuncture influence important physiopathologic and biological activities, including gene expression, protein-protein interactions, and other biological processes. Cerebrospinal fluid, serum, organs, and tissues are reported to be carriers of the biomolecules of the effects of acupuncture. The paper summarized the progress of acupuncture effective biomolecules researches and found that biomolecules play important roles in the mechanism of acupuncture. With the development of omics technologies and translational medicine, the acupuncture research will meet both opportunities and challenges.

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Sanders, Elmer, Vanessa Barth, Leigh-Ann Cruz, Ilesha Sherrer, Jacob Olson, Emily Speidell, Elvia Solis, Sharon Harrison, Amy Hinshaw et James A. McAteer. « 4539 Building a Translational Science pipeline : The Indiana CTSI STEM K-12 Program ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (juin 2020) : 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.203.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Develop strong network of science teachers interested in promoting scientific research to their students.Place students in an immersive summer research internship that, when possible, matches their career interests.Expose students to the numerous career paths within the STEM field.METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The program recruits socio-economically disadvantaged students and provides them a stipend, and also accepts students who can participate unpaid.Local school teachers are engaged in a summer fellowship to learn biotechnologies and research. In Spring these teachers help recruit students and during the subsequent Fall help students with college and scholarship applications.Students are placed in a variety of laboratories within the Schools of Medicine, Science, Dentistry, Public Health, Informatics, Health and Human Sciences, Engineering and Technology, especially in biomedical engineering. Students are also placed in industry laboratories such as Eli Lilly and the Indiana Bioscience Research Institute.Long-term program follow-up is done through post-internship surveys to assess impact on graduate and professional school admission.RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Since the Indiana CTSI was established in 2008, 872 students have participated in the summer internship.71% of past interns are underrepresented minorities in science or classified as disadvantaged by NIH criteria.17% of students interned during grade 10, 72% during grade 11, and 11% during grade 12.21% of students engage in the program for more than one year.100% of past interns are currently enrolled in or have graduated college.Over 60% of those with a bachelors degree proceed to graduate and professional schools and over 80% stay in STEM related fields. These rates are equal for interns from underrepresented minorities or those classified as disadvantaged by NIH criteria.DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Students engaged in the Indiana CTSI STEM program are progressing through the translational science pipeline based on their graduating from college and remaining in the STEM field.

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Oeding, Kristi, Kelly L. Whiteford, Peggy Nelson, Hubert H. Lim, Mark A. Bee et Andrew J. Oxenham. « Graduate programs related to acoustics at the University of Minnesota ». Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, n^o 4 (octobre 2022) : A125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015765.

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The University of Minnesota (UMN) has graduate programs that span the areas of Animal Bioacoustics, Psychological and Physiological Acoustics, and Speech Communication. Degrees are offered in Psychology (PhD), Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences (MA in speech-language pathology, AuD, and PhD in speech-language-hearing sciences), Biomedical Engineering (MS and PhD), Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior (PhD), and Neuroscience (PhD). Faculty across departments have a shared interest in understanding how the ear and brain work together to process sound and in developing new technologies and approaches for improving hearing disorders. Located on campus is the Center for Applied and Translational Sensory Science (CATSS), which provides opportunities for interdisciplinary collaborations across departments and industry to understand how sensory impairments work. Within CATSS is the Multi-Sensory Perception Lab, which houses shared equipment, including eye trackers and electroencephalography. The Center for Magnetic Resonance Research houses several ultrahigh field magnets, while the Center for Neural Engineering and affiliated faculty labs also house multiple neuromodulation and neurorecording devices to interact with and monitor neural activity in humans and animals.

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Slimani, Samy. « Published biomedical research in Algeria – state of the art in 2014 ». Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 1, n^o 2 (31 décembre 2014) : 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2014.1207.

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Background: Biomedical research is the motor for improving knowledge in the domains of biology, medical sciences, dentistry, and pharmacology. PubMed is the most known biomedical search engine; it covers all the “indexed” biomedical journals. We wanted to make a state of the art of Algerian biomedical research articles through a PubMed search. Methods: a PubMed search was performed on December 15th, 2014, using the PubMed website, by including as a unique search word: “Algeria”, as a MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) and as a free search, in order to capture all articles having included Algerian authors or having concerned an Algerian population. The intervals for the date of publication were restricted between January 1st and December 15th, 2014. We have saved the results, read the abstracts, and if necessary, the whole article. Results: All in all, 412 articles have been identified, in progression as compared with the preceding years (288 in 2012 and 336 in 2013). More than half of the articles were dealing with fundamental and translational research. Only three articles were published in surgery. Here we show a subjective selection of articles that we have judged are the most innovative. Conclusion: biomedical research, completed with an “indexed” publication is progressing in Algeria, although our country is still behind some African and Arab countries. Much progress has been made in improving knowledge in biomedical domains in Algeria, which deserves to be encouraged and amplified.

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Jones, Matthew, David Felson, David Center et Darrell Kotton. « 2292 ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (septembre 2017) : 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.170.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Provide an innovative, integrative, and interdisciplinary training program which will leverage a unique and internationally recognized strength of BU and establish an environment that facilitates translational team science interactions with MD scientists and clinicians, thereby synergistically bridging research strengths with interdisciplinary approaches. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This overall mission of the RMTP is pursued through 2 independent aims. Aim 1: Provide an innovative, integrative, and interdisciplinary training program which will leverage a unique and internationally recognized strength of BU. Aim 2: Establish an environment that facilitates translational team science interactions with MD scientists and clinicians, thereby synergistically bridging research strengths with interdisciplinary approaches. To achieve these aims, we have developed a specialized didactic curriculum that is fully integrated in graduate school training and can be shared for the benefit of others outside of the BU community. We are also developing online iPSC practicum workshops for more efficient distribution of didactic content. Interdisciplinary team science approaches to stem cell research related to cures for human diseases are fostered across investigators across diverse hubs at BU, BU Medical Center, the Charles River Campus and the Framingham Heart Study. All methodology, data and materials are provided in a transparent and open-source manner to benefit the greater scientific community and ensure rigorous reproducibility. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: As a nascent TL1 training program, we are just arriving at the end of our second year. At this point, 5 out of a total of 11 appointed trainees have concluded RMTP support, all of whom have transitioned into biomedical science-related pursuits; 2 predoctoral trainees were awarded F31 fellowships, 2 postdoctoral trainees were awarded career transition grants (K99/R00 and LERN fellowship), and 1 postdoctoral trainee became a Senior Scientist at a Biopharmaceutical company. Given the quality of our trainees and their RMTP mentors, we anticipate that close to 100% of those supported by this mechanism will continue their career development in the biomedical sciences. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Implementation of the RMTP TL1 would not only serve to increase the capacity of trainees within the CReM, but would also extend the scope of regenerative medicine research to other CTSI-participating hubs and more broadly to other scientific disciplines.

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Zambonino, Marjorie C., Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe, Lynda Mouheb, Ashiqur Rahman, Spiros N. Agathos et Si Amar Dahoumane. « Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences : Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine ». Nanomaterials 13, n^o 3 (19 janvier 2023) : 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030424.

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Selenium is an important dietary supplement and an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins with growth-modulating properties and cytotoxic mechanisms of action. However, different compounds of selenium usually possess a narrow nutritional or therapeutic window with a low degree of absorption and delicate safety margins, depending on the dose and the chemical form in which they are provided to the organism. Hence, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic platform with decreased toxicity and the capacity to enhance the biological properties of Se-based compounds. Consistent with the exciting possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, SeNPs are useful tools in current biomedical research with exceptional benefits as potential therapeutics, with enhanced bioavailability, improved targeting, and effectiveness against oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated disorders. In view of the need for developing eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple, and high-throughput biomedical agents that can also ally with theranostic purposes and exhibit negligible side effects, biogenic SeNPs are receiving special attention. The present manuscript aims to be a reference in its kind by providing the readership with a thorough and comprehensive review that emphasizes the current, yet expanding, possibilities offered by biogenic SeNPs in the biomedical field and the promise they hold among selenium-derived products to, eventually, elicit future developments. First, the present review recalls the physiological importance of selenium as an oligo-element and introduces the unique biological, physicochemical, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties of Se nanomaterials. Then, it addresses the significance of nanosizing on pharmacological activity (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) and cellular interactions of SeNPs. Importantly, it discusses in detail the role of biosynthesized SeNPs as innovative theranostic agents for personalized nanomedicine-based therapies. Finally, this review explores the role of biogenic SeNPs in the ongoing context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and presents key prospects in translational nanomedicine.

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Haghdoost, Aliakbar, Morteza Zare et Azam Bazrafshan. « How variable are the journal impact measures ? » Online Information Review 38, n^o 6 (9 septembre 2014) : 723–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-05-2014-0102.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the variability of the impact factor (IF) and additional metrics in biomedical journals to provide some clues to the reliability of journal citation indicators. Design/methodology/approach – Having used ISI Journal Citation Reports, from 2005 to 2011, the authors extracted 62 subject categories related to biomedical sciences. The category lists and citation profile for each journal were then downloaded and extracted. Coefficient of variation was applied to estimate the overall variability of the journal citation indicators. Findings – Total citation indicators for 3,411 journals were extracted and examined. The overall variability of IFs and other journal citation measures in basic, clinical or translational, open access or subscription journals decreased while the quality and prestige of those journals developed. Interestingly, journal citation measures produced dissimilar variability trends and thus highlighted the importance of using multiple instead of just one measure in evaluating the performance and influence of biomedical journals. Eigenfactor™, Article's Influence and Cited Half Life proposed as more reliable indicators. Originality/value – The relative variability of the journal citation measures in biomedical journals would decrease with a development in the impact and quality of journals. Eigenfactor™ and Cited Half Life are suggested as more reliable measures indicating few changes during the study period and across different impact level journals. These findings will be useful for librarians, researchers and decision makers who need to use citation measures as evaluative tools.

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Dobbins, Nicholas J., Clifford H. Spital, Robert A. Black, Jason M. Morrison, Bas de Veer, Elizabeth Zampino, Robert D. Harrington et al. « Leaf : an open-source, model-agnostic, data-driven web application for cohort discovery and translational biomedical research ». Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 27, n^o 1 (8 octobre 2019) : 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocz165.

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Abstract Objective Academic medical centers and health systems are increasingly challenged with supporting appropriate secondary use of clinical data. Enterprise data warehouses have emerged as central resources for these data, but often require an informatician to extract meaningful information, limiting direct access by end users. To overcome this challenge, we have developed Leaf, a lightweight self-service web application for querying clinical data from heterogeneous data models and sources. Materials and Methods Leaf utilizes a flexible biomedical concept system to define hierarchical concepts and ontologies. Each Leaf concept contains both textual representations and SQL query building blocks, exposed by a simple drag-and-drop user interface. Leaf generates abstract syntax trees which are compiled into dynamic SQL queries. Results Leaf is a successful production-supported tool at the University of Washington, which hosts a central Leaf instance querying an enterprise data warehouse with over 300 active users. Through the support of UW Medicine (https://uwmedicine.org), the Institute of Translational Health Sciences (https://www.iths.org), and the National Center for Data to Health (https://ctsa.ncats.nih.gov/cd2h/), Leaf source code has been released into the public domain at https://github.com/uwrit/leaf. Discussion Leaf allows the querying of single or multiple clinical databases simultaneously, even those of different data models. This enables fast installation without costly extraction or duplication. Conclusions Leaf differs from existing cohort discovery tools because it does not specify a required data model and is designed to seamlessly leverage existing user authentication systems and clinical databases in situ. We believe Leaf to be useful for health system analytics, clinical research data warehouses, precision medicine biobanks, and clinical studies involving large patient cohorts.

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Bendezu-Quispe, Guido, L. Max Labán-Seminario, Miguel Ángel Arce-Huamani, Ramón R. Cámara-Reyes, Daniel Fernandez-Guzman, Brenda Caira-Chuquineyra, Diego Urrunaga-Pastor et Andrés Guido Bendezú-Martínez. « Biomedical informatics : characterization of the offer of massive open online courses ». Medwave 22, n^o 11 (5 décembre 2022) : e2631-e2631. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2022.11.2631.

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Introduction Informatics applied to health sciences has brought cutting-edge solutions to healthcare problems. However, the number of health professionals trained in "Health Informatics" is low. Virtual education, such as massive online open courses, provide the opportunity for training in this field. Objective To estimate the global offer of massive online open biomedical informatics courses and characterize their content. Methods A search for massive online open courses was conducted throughout December 2021 on 25 platforms offering these courses. The search strategy included the terms “health informatics” and “biomedical informatics”. The application areas of biomedical informatics, platform, institution, duration, time required per week, language, and subtitles available for each course were evaluated. Data were analyzed descriptively, reporting absolute and relative frequencies. Results Our search strategy identified 1333 massive online open courses. Of these, only 79 were related to health informatics. Most of these courses (n = 44; 55.7%) were offered through Coursera. More than half (n = 55; 69.6%) were conducted by U.S. institutions in english (n = 76; 96.2%). Most courses focused on areas of translational bioinformatics (n = 27; 34.2%), followed by public health informatics (n = 23; 29.1%), and clinical research informatics (n = 13, 16.5%). Conclusions We found a significant supply of massive online open courses on health informatics. These courses favor the training of more professionals worldwide, mostly addressing competencies to apply informatics in clinical practice, public health, and health research.

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Aperia, Anita, Jorgen Dirach, Mike Hardman, Christa Janko, Jeff Kipling, Rosan Kreeftmeijer-Vegter, Rebecca Ludwig, Lena Scott et Armel Stockis. « Competencies : A new currency for continuing professional development ». Journal of Medicines Development Sciences 4, n^o 1 (18 décembre 2019) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/jmds.v2i2.163.

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“No research without trained researchers” has become the mantra of the EU-funded Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) education and training projects. However, it is often hard to determine the type of training required at different stages of a scientist’s career. The situation is further complicated by the constantly changing environment, e.g. the growth of disruptive technologies, societal expectations of biomedical sciences, the greater need for multi-disciplinary collaborations, and conservative or changing regulatory requirements. This article summarises the experience from a series of five EMTRAIN Public Private Partnership PhD workshops that included both scientific and transferrable skill training. This is followed by an example of a recently developed training programme, including a competency profile, for translational research and medicines development; the C-COMEND teaching programme. The emphasis is on competencies as a new currency for continuing professional development. Finally, this paper describes what we consider to be the next steps required by the scientific community to address solutions to the current training challenges so that society can benefit from the innovations that only science can provide.

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Berger, Gilles. « Pharmaceutical patent landscape for cancer immunotherapy : an interview with Gilles Berger ». Pharmaceutical Patent Analyst 8, n^o 5 (septembre 2019) : 163–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/ppa-2019-0021.

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Dr Gilles Berger is a chemist and pharmacist with broad interest in organic and theoretical chemistry, drug discovery and design, biomedical sciences and oncology. He has worked as a Research Fellow in Brussels, Paris, Montreal and at MIT in Boston, where he has gathered hands-on experience at the interface of drug design, nanotechnologies, biology and human disease. He has been involved in project management and mentoring and has in depth experience in collaborative and multi-disciplinary projects, with a proven track record of publications in various fields, in collaboration with research groups from all around Europe, Canada and the US. In recent years, he has developed as a translational scientist, allowing the use of his complementary multi-disciplinary skills toward the advancement of fundamental projects, such as organocatalysis, theoretical chemistry or halogen bonding; as well as in applications like drug discovery, as evidenced by his numerous publications aimed at developing novel anticancer medicines and other agents. He is currently a Research Fellow of the Harvard Medical School, a Research Associate at MIT and a Fellow of the Belgian Science Foundation.

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Aperia, Anita, Jorgen Dirach, Mike Hardman, Christa Janko, Jeff Kipling, Rosan Kreeftmeijer-Vegter, Rebecca Ludwig, Lena Scott et Armel Stockis. « Competencies : A new currency for continuing professional development ». Journal of Medicines Development Sciences 3, n^o 1 (17 août 2017) : 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.18063/jmds.v3i1.163.

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“No research without trained researchers” has become the mantra of the EU-funded Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) education and training projects. However, it is often hard to determine the type of training required at different stages of a scientist’s career. The situation is further complicated by the constantly changing environment, e.g. the growth of disruptive technologies, societal expectations of biomedical sciences, the greater need for multi-disciplinary collaborations, and conservative or changing regulatory requirements. This article summarises the experience from a series of five EMTRAIN Public Private Partnership PhD workshops that included both scientific and transferrable skill training. This is followed by an example of a recently developed training programme, including a competency profile, for translational research and medicines development; the C-COMEND teaching programme. The emphasis is on competencies as a new currency for continuing professional development. Finally, this paper describes what we consider to be the next steps required by the scientific community to address solutions to the current training challenges so that society can benefit from the innovations that only science can provide.

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Vilela, Maria J. C., Bruno J. A. Colaço, José Ventura, Fernando J. M. Monteiro et Christiane L. Salgado. « Translational Research for Orthopedic Bone Graft Development ». Materials 14, n^o 15 (24 juillet 2021) : 4130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154130.

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Designing biomaterials for bone-substitute applications is still a challenge regarding the natural complex structure of hard tissues. Aiming at bone regeneration applications, scaffolds based on natural collagen and synthetic nanohydroxyapatite were developed, and they showed adequate mechanical and biological properties. The objective of this work was to perform and evaluate a scaled-up production process of this porous biocomposite scaffold, which promotes bone regeneration and works as a barrier for both fibrosis and the proliferation of scar tissue. The material was produced using a prototype bioreactor at an industrial scale, instead of laboratory production at the bench, in order to produce an appropriate medical device for the orthopedic market. Prototypes were produced in porous membranes that were e-beam irradiated (the sterilization process) and then analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), cytotoxicity tests with mice fibroblasts (L929), human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human MSC osteogenic differentiation (HBMSC) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qPCR for osteogenic gene expression. The prototypes were also implanted into critical-size bone defects (rabbits’ tibia) for 5 and 15 weeks, and after that were analysed by microCT and histology. The tests performed for the physical characterization of the materials showed the ability of the scaffolds to absorb and retain water-based solvents, as well as adequate mechanical resistance and viscoelastic properties. The cryogels had a heteroporous morphology with microporosity and macroporosity, which are essential conditions for the interaction between the cells and materials, and which consequently promote bone regeneration. Regarding the biological studies, all of the studied cryogels were non-cytotoxic by direct or indirect contact with cells. In fact, the scaffolds promoted the proliferation of the human MSCs, as well as the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype (osteogenic differentiation). The in vivo results showed bone tissue ingrowth and the materials’ degradation, filling the critical bone defect after 15 weeks. Before and after irradiation, the studied scaffolds showed similar properties when compared to the results published in the literature. In conclusion, the material production process upscaling was optimized and the obtained prototypes showed reproducible properties relative to the bench development, and should be able to be commercialized. Therefore, it was a successful effort to harness knowledge from the basic sciences to produce a new biomedical device and enhance human health and wellbeing.

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Reichertz, Peter L. « IMIA and its Members : On Balancing Continuity and Transition in Biomedical and Health Informatics ». Yearbook of Medical Informatics 18, n^o 01 (août 2009) : 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1638628.

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Summary Objective To report on major past (2008) and future (2009 and beyond) activities of IMIA, the International Medical Informatics Association. Method Summarizing discussions and planning activities within IMIA, in particular with respect to its Board and General Assembly meetings in 2008; looking at recent progress of biomedical and health informatics by commenting on IMIA Yearbook surveys and best paper selections. Results Major recent IMIA efforts include preparatory work for Medinfo 2010, global partnership activities in collaboration with WHO, planning activities for shifting to a biennial Medinfo cycle and setting up an IMIA office, all in accordance with IMIA’s longterm strategic plan ‘Towards IMIA 2015’. The IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, published annually since 1992, can be regarded as an important observatory for progress in health and biomedical informatics. Future activities include conference events in 2009 and IMIA’s world congress, Medinfo 2010, finalizing a revision of IMIA’s recommendations on education in biomedical and health informatics, and publication activities to stimulate the transfer of knowledge from theory to practice Conclusions Since its inception in 1967, IMIA has evolved into a truly global organization, in a world where medical informatics has gained in significance and importance for supporting high-quality, efficient health care and for research in biomedicine and in the health sciences. Now in its 5th decade, IMIA’s responsibilities, as well as opportunities, as a global, independent organization have both increased. Finding the right balance between continuity and transition, in order to appropriately support, stimulate, and, to some extent enable high-quality translational communication, research, education, and practice in biomedical and health informatics is a key IMIA challenge.

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Karacosta, Loukia G. « From imaging a single cell to implementing precision medicine : an exciting new era ». Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 5, n^o 6 (10 décembre 2021) : 837–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20210219.

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In the age of high-throughput, single-cell biology, single-cell imaging has evolved not only in terms of technological advancements but also in its translational applications. The synchronous advancements of imaging and computational biology have produced opportunities of merging the two, providing the scientific community with tools towards observing, understanding, and predicting cellular and tissue phenotypes and behaviors. Furthermore, multiplexed single-cell imaging and machine learning algorithms now enable patient stratification and predictive diagnostics of clinical specimens. Here, we provide an overall summary of the advances in single-cell imaging, with a focus on high-throughput microscopy phenomics and multiplexed proteomic spatial imaging platforms. We also review various computational tools that have been developed in recent years for image processing and downstream applications used in biomedical sciences. Finally, we discuss how harnessing systems biology approaches and data integration across disciplines can further strengthen the exciting applications and future implementation of single-cell imaging on precision medicine.

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Arzi, Boaz, Jan A. Nolta et Natalia Vapniarsky. « The oromaxillofacial region as a model for a one-health approach in regenerative medicine ». American Journal of Veterinary Research 83, n^o 4 (1 avril 2022) : 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.21.12.0208.

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The concept of a one-health approach in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum in the scientific and public communities in recent years. Knowledge derived from this approach informs innovative biomedical research, clinical trials, and practice. The ultimate goal is to translate regenerative strategies for curing diseases and improving the quality of life in animals and people. Building and fostering strong and enthusiastic interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration between teams with a wide range of expertise and backgrounds is the cornerstone to the success of the one-health approach and translational sciences. The veterinarian’s role in conducting clinical trials in client-owned animals with naturally occurring diseases is critical and unique as it may potentially inform human clinical trials. The veterinary regenerative medicine and surgery field is on a steep trajectory of discoveries and innovations. This manuscript focuses on oromaxillofacial-region regeneration to exemplify how the concept of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration and the one-health approach influenced the authors’ work experience at the University of California-Davis.

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Prigent, Kevin, et Jonathan Vigne. « Advances in Radiopharmaceutical Sciences for Vascular Inflammation Imaging : Focus on Clinical Applications ». Molecules 26, n^o 23 (24 novembre 2021) : 7111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237111.

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Biomedical imaging technologies offer identification of several anatomic and molecular features of disease pathogenesis. Molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been useful in advancing our understanding of several vascular inflammatory diseases. For the non-invasive molecular imaging of vascular inflammation, nuclear medicine constitutes one of the best imaging modalities, thanks to its high sensitivity for the detection of probes in tissues. 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) is currently the most widely used radiopharmaceutical for molecular imaging of vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and large-vessel vasculitis. The combination of [18F]FDG and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become a powerful tool to identify and monitor non-invasively inflammatory activities over time but suffers from several limitations including a lack of specificity and avid background in different localizations. The use of novel radiotracers may help to better understand the underlying pathophysiological processes and overcome some limitations of [18F]FDG PET for the imaging of vascular inflammation. This review examines how [18F]FDG PET has given us deeper insight into the role of inflammation in different vascular pathologies progression and discusses perspectives for alternative radiopharmaceuticals that could provide a more specific and simple identification of pathologies where vascular inflammation is implicated. Use of these novel PET tracers could lead to a better understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and help inform the identification and stratification of patients for newly emerging immune-modulatory therapies. Future research is needed to realize the true clinical translational value of PET imaging in vascular inflammatory diseases.

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Greenberg-Worisek, Alexandra J., Katherine E. Cornelius, Luz Cumba Garcia, Felicity T. Enders, Nilay D. Shah et Anthony J. Windebank. « Translating innovation in biomedical research : Design and delivery of a competency-based regulatory science course ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2019) : 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.432.

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AbstractAs the pace of biomedical innovation rapidly evolves, there is a need to train researchers to understand regulatory science challenges associated with clinical translation. We describe a pilot course aimed at addressing this need delivered jointly through the Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Science and the Yale-Mayo Center for Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation. Course design was informed by the Association for Clinical and Translational Science’s Regulatory Science Working Group’s competencies. The course used didactic, case-, and problem-based learning sessions to expose students to regulatory science concepts. Course evaluation focused on student satisfaction and learning. A total of 25 students enrolled in the first two course deliveries. Students represented several disciplines and career stages, from predoctoral to faculty. Students reported learning “an incredible amount” (7/19, 36.8%) or “a lot” (9/19, 47.4%); this was reflected in individual coursework and their course evaluations. Qualitative feedback indicated that assignments that challenged them to apply the content to their own research were appreciated. The heterogeneity of students enrolled, coupled with assessments and course evaluations, supports the statement that there is a growing need and desire for regulatory science-focused curricula. Future research will determine the long-term impact.

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Ioannidis, John P. A., Iztok Hozo et Benjamin Djulbegovic. « Federal Funding and Citation Metrics of US Biomedical Researchers, 1996 to 2022 ». JAMA Network Open 5, n^o 12 (7 décembre 2022) : e2245590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.45590.

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ImportanceBoth citation and funding metrics converge in shaping current perceptions of academic success.ObjectiveTo evaluate what proportion of the most-cited US-based scientists are funded by biomedical federal agencies and whether funded scientists are more cited than nonfunded ones.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study used linkage of a Scopus-based database on top-cited US researchers (according to a composite citation metric) and the National Institutes of Health RePORTER database of federal funding (33 biomedical federal agencies). Matching was based on name and institution. US-based top-cited scientists who were allocated to any of 69 scientific subfields highly related to biomedicine were considered in the main analysis. Data were downloaded on June 11, 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists who had any (1996-2022), recent (2015-2022), and current (2021-2022) funding. Comparisons of funded and nonfunded scientists assessed total citations and a composite citation index.ResultsThere were 204 603 records in RePORTER (1996-2022) and 75 316 US-based top-cited scientists in the career-long citation database; 40 887 scientists were included in the main analysis. The proportion of US-based top-cited biomedical scientists (according to career-long citation impact) who had received any federal funding from biomedical research agencies was 62.7% (25 650 of 40 887) for any funding (1996-2022), 23.1% (9427 of 40 887) for recent funding (2015-2022), and 14.1% (5778 of 40 887) for current funding (2021-2022). Respective proportions were 64.8%, 31.4%, and 20.9%, for top-cited scientists according to recent single-year citation impact. There was large variability across scientific subfields (eg, current funding: 31% of career-long impact top-cited scientists in geriatrics, 30% in bioinformatics and 29% in developmental biology, but 0% in legal and forensic medicine, general psychology and cognitive sciences, and gender studies). Funded top-cited researchers were overall more cited than nonfunded top-cited scientists (median [IQR], 9594 [5650-1703] vs 5352 [3057-9890] citations; P &lt; .001) and substantial difference remained after adjusting for subfield and years since first publication. Differences were more prominent in some specific biomedical subfields.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study, biomedical federal funding had offered support to approximately two-thirds of the top-cited biomedical scientists at some point during the last quarter century, but only a small minority of top-cited scientists had current federal biomedical funding. The large unevenness across subfields needs to be addressed with ways that improve equity, efficiency, excellence, and translational potential.

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Boese, Austin C., Seong C. Kim, Ke-Jie Yin, Jean-Pyo Lee et Milton H. Hamblin. « Sex differences in vascular physiology and pathophysiology : estrogen and androgen signaling in health and disease ». American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 313, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2017) : H524—H545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2016.

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Sex differences between women and men are often overlooked and underappreciated when studying the cardiovascular system. It has been long assumed that men and women are physiologically similar, and this notion has resulted in women being clinically evaluated and treated for cardiovascular pathophysiological complications as men. Currently, there is increased recognition of fundamental sex differences in cardiovascular function, anatomy, cell signaling, and pathophysiology. The National Institutes of Health have enacted guidelines expressly to gain knowledge about ways the sexes differ in both normal function and diseases at the various research levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ system). Greater understanding of these sex differences will be used to steer future directions in the biomedical sciences and translational and clinical research. This review describes sex-based differences in the physiology and pathophysiology of the vasculature, with a special emphasis on sex steroid receptor (estrogen and androgen receptor) signaling and their potential impact on vascular function in health and diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, hypertension, peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysms, cerebral aneurysms, and stroke).

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Spencer, Thomas E. « 135 Grand Challenges in Domestic Agricultural Animal Reproduction ». Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (8 octobre 2021) : 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.130.

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Abstract The ASAS Public Policy Committee (PPC) provides updates of Grand Challenges (GCs) which clearly articulate research priorities while providing science-based information for shaping public policy and enhancing future funding for research and education programs in animal sciences (AS). Among the GCs is reproduction of domesticated animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, and aquatic species) that is integral to sustain and improve global competitiveness of U.S. animal agriculture, understand and resolve complex animal and human diseases, and advance fundamental research in sciences that are critical to understanding mechanisms of action and identify future targets for interventions. Historically, federal and state budgets have dwindled and funding for the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) competitive grants programs remained relatively stagnant from 1985 through 2010. This shortage in critical financial support for basic and applied research, coupled with the underappreciated knowledge of the utility of non-rodent species for biomedical research, has hindered funding opportunities for research involving livestock and limited improvements in both animal agriculture and animal and human health. In 2010, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) established an interagency partnership to promote the use of agriculturally important animal species in basic and translational research relevant to both biomedicine and agriculture. The “Dual Purpose with Dual Benefit” program encouraged One Health approaches for comparative medicine studies that use farm animal models that mimic human developmental, physiological, and etiological processes to promote human and animal health, better understand disease origins, interspecies transmission and mitigation strategies, and improve efficiency of assisted reproduction technologies. This presentation will review the successes of the 9-year Dual Purpose effort and highlight opportunities for tackling GC research in reproduction of domesticated agricultural animals.

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Wasko, Molly, Elaine Morrato, Nicholas Kenyon, Suhrud Rajguru, Bruce Conway, Sara Love, Nate Hafer, Pamela Bhatti, Jonathan Fay et Seth Zonies. « 2389 ». Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 1, S1 (septembre 2017) : 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.142.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The goal of this abstract/presentation is to share lessons learned from participation in the NIH SBIR I-Corps Train-The-Trainer Program, discuss our experiences offering programs at our local institutions, and communicate our plans to develop an I-Corps@NCATS program that can be disseminated across the CTSA network. We believe that an I-Corps@NCATS program will enhance the process of scientific translation by taking best practices from NSF I-Corps and adapting the program to meet the needs of biomedical scientists in academic medical centers. By integrating I-Corps@NCATS training, we hypothesize that the clinical and translational investigator base will be better prepared to identify new innovations and to accelerate translation through commercialization. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The diverse, interdisciplinary team of investigators involved in this project span 9 CTSA Hubs, including UAB, Rockefeller, UC Denver, HMC-Penn State, UMass, UC Davis, Emory/Georgia Tech, Miami and Michigan. This team was funded by NCATS in 2015–2016 to participate in the CTSA I-Corps Train-The-Trainer Program in conjunction with the NIH-SBIR/STTR I-Corps national program. The goals were to observe the curriculum, interact with and learn from the NSF National Teaching Team and begin implementation of similar programs at our home institutions. Our I-Corps@NCATS team has been holding monthly, and more recently weekly, conference calls to discuss our experiences implementing local programs and to develop a strategy for expanding CTSA offerings that include innovation and entrepreneurship. Our experience revealed several challenges with the existing NSF/NIH I-Corps program offerings: (1) there is no standard curriculum tailored to academic clinical and translational research and biomedical innovations in the life sciences, and (2) the training process to certify instructors in the I-Corps methodology is a much more rigorous and structured process than just observing an I-Corps program (eg, requires mentored training with a national NSF I-Corps trainer). Our team is proposing to address these gaps by taking best practices from NSF I-Corps and adapting the program to create the I-Corps@NCATS Program, tailored to meet the needs of researchers and clinicians in academic medical centers. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: There are 3 primary anticipated results of our project. First, develop a uniform curriculum for the I-Corps@NCATS Program using the National Teaching Team of experts from the NIH’s SBIR I-Corps program. Second, build the I-Corps@NCATS network capacity through a regional Train-The-Trainer Program. Third, develop a set of common metrics to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of the I-Corps@NCATS Program across the community of CTSA Hubs and their respective collaborative networks. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Over the past 10 years, CTSA Hubs have accelerated science by creating/supporting programs that provide research infrastructure, informatics, pilot funding, education/training, and research navigator services to investigators. These investments help to ensure that we are “doing science right” using the best practices in clinical research. Even so, it is equally important to make investments to ensure that we are “doing the right science.” Are our investigators tackling research problems that our stakeholders, patients, and communities want and need, to make sure that our investments in science have real-world impact? In order to accelerate discoveries toward better health, scientists need to have a better way to understand the needs, wants and desires of the people for whom their research will serve, and how to overcome key obstacles along the path of innovation and commercialization. To fill this gap, we propose that the CTSA Hubs should include in their portfolio of activities a hands-on, lean startup program tailored after the highly successful NSF Innovation Corps (I-Corps) program. We hypothesize that by adapting the NSF I-Corps program to create an I-Corps@NCATS program tailored to medical research, we will better prepare our scientists and engineers to extend their focus beyond the laboratory and broaden the impact of their research. Investigators trained through I-Corps@NCATS are expected to be able to produce more innovative ideas, take a more informed perspective about how to evaluate the clinical and commercial impact of an idea, and quickly prototype and test new solutions in clinical settings.

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Weissgerber, Tracey L. « The science of science : Clinical Science launches a new translational meta-research collection ». Clinical Science 135, n^o 16 (août 2021) : 2031–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20210777.

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Abstract Clinical Science is proud to launch a new translational meta-research collection. Meta-research, or the science of science, applies the scientific method to study science itself. Meta-research is a powerful tool for identifying common problems in scientific papers, assessing their impact, and testing solutions to improve the transparency, rigor, trustworthiness, and usefulness of biomedical research. The collection welcomes science of science studies that link basic science to disease mechanisms, as well as meta-research articles highlighting opportunities to improve transparency, rigor, and reproducibility among the types of papers published in Clinical Science. Submissions might include science of science studies that explore factors linked to successful translation, or meta-research on experimental methods or study designs that are often used in translational research. We hope that this collection will encourage scientists to think critically about current practices and take advantage of opportunities to make their own research more transparent, rigorous, and reproducible.

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Pawlikowski, Marek. « Dilemmas of Contemporary Medicine ». Studia z Teorii Wychowania XII, n^o 3 (36) (24 octobre 2021) : 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.4823.

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This essay comprises of three parts. The first one, entitled „Medicine - only science, or also art?” presents four main steps of the biomedical science, namely basic research, preclinical studies (translational medicine), clinical studies and finally medical practice – evidence based medicine (EBM). Further, the existence of the „medical art” was discussed. The author defines the „medical art” as the interpersonal relation of a physician and his patient, including not only professional ability of the physician, but also the deep conviction of the patient of the engagement of the physician in their health problems. The second part, entitled „Dehumanization of contemporary medicine: - causes and contractions „discusses the causes of dehumanization of contemporary medicine and possible methods of preventing this situation The causes can be divided into external, associated with the environment, of the contemporary civilization and internal. which constitute unwanted side effects of the rapid progress. The latter include reductionist thinking and axiological neutrality typical to natural sciences, the increased impact of technology and excessive specialization. combined with the poor coordination of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Possible preventive measures include a change in the model of medical education consisting, for instance, of the inclusion of humanistic elements and a more holistic view of the patient as well as the change in the health care model. The diagnosis and treatment would be coordinated by a primary health care doctor. The third part of this article discusses some undesired sides of the rapid progress in medicine. Although this rapid progress is obviously a very positive process, numerous negative „side effects” could not be avoided such as increasing costs of health care, application of the medical procedures to healthy subjects without the real medical indications and unsufficient ethical reflection on the medical procedures.

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Heath, James R. « Nanotechnologies for biomedical science and translational medicine ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, n^o 47 (24 novembre 2015) : 14436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1515202112.

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In 2000 the United States launched the National Nanotechnology Initiative and, along with it, a well-defined set of goals for nanomedicine. This Perspective looks back at the progress made toward those goals, within the context of the changing landscape in biomedicine that has occurred over the past 15 years, and considers advances that are likely to occur during the next decade. In particular, nanotechnologies for health-related genomics and single-cell biology, inorganic and organic nanoparticles for biomedicine, and wearable nanotechnologies for wellness monitoring are briefly covered.

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Saltz, J., T. Kurc, S. Hastings, S. Langella, S. Oster, D. Ervin, A. Sharma et al. « e-Science, caGrid, and Translational Biomedical Research ». Computer 41, n^o 11 (novembre 2008) : 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2008.459.

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