Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Transferability analysis »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Elmi, Abdishakor M., Daniel A. Badoe et Eric J. Miller. « Transferability Analysis of Work-Trip-Distribution Models ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1676, no 1 (janvier 1999) : 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1676-21.
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Wang, Xuesong, Zhigui Chen, Qiming Guo, Andrew Tarko, Cristhian Lizarazo et Xiaomeng Wang. « Transferability analysis of the freeway continuous speed model ». Accident Analysis & ; Prevention 151 (mars 2021) : 105944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105944.
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Schloemer, Tamara, Freia De Bock et Peter Schröder-Bäck. « Implementation of evidence-based health promotion and disease prevention interventions : theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for decision-making and the transfer process ». Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 64, no 5 (23 avril 2021) : 534–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03324-x.
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AbstractEvidence-based health promotion and disease prevention require incorporating evidence of the effectiveness of interventions into policy and practice. With the entry into force of the German Act to Strengthen Health Promotion and Prevention (PrävG), interventions that take place in people’s everyday living environments have gained in importance. Decision-makers need to assess whether an evidence-based intervention is transferable to their specific target context. The Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) recommends that transferability of an intervention should be clarified before any decision to implement it. Furthermore, transferability needs to be finally determined after an evaluation in the target context. In this article, we elaborate on theoretical and practical implications of the concept of transferability for health promotion and disease prevention based on the Population–Intervention–Environment–Transfer Models of Transferability (PIET-T). We discuss how decision-makers can anticipate transferability prior to the intervention transfer with the help of transferability criteria and how they can take transferability into account in the further process. This includes the steps of the analysis of a health problem and identification of effective interventions, the steps of the initial transferability assessment and identification of the need for adaptation, and the steps of the implementation and evaluation. Considering transferability is a complex task that comes with challenges. But it offers opportunities to select a suitable intervention for a target context and, in the transfer process, to understand the conditions under which the intervention works in this context. This knowledge helps to establish an evidence base, which is practically relevant.
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Akkak, A., A. Lembo, D. Torello Marinoni, I. Gribaudo et R. Botta. « ANALYSIS AND TRANSFERABILITY OF EST-SSR MARKERS IN GRAPES ». Acta Horticulturae, no 827 (mai 2009) : 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.827.5.
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Nowrouzian, Roosbeh, et Sivaramakrishnan Srinivasan. « Empirical Analysis of Spatial Transferability of Tour-Generation Models ». Transportation Research Record : Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2302, no 1 (janvier 2012) : 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2302-02.
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Davies, Iwan. « Transferability and sale of goods ». Legal Studies 7, no 1 (mars 1987) : 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1987.tb00350.x.
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In any system of property law a complete specification of rights and duties raises at least two questions. First, allocation of rights and duties inter se between the parties to the transaction; secondly, the rights and duties of the parties to the original transaction against the rest of the world. The traditional common law analysis where a third party wishes to acquire an indefeasible interest in a chattel is to direct the latter to the ‘owner’ and indeed the prerequisite for the enjoyment of most property rights depends upon our ability to acquire it from someone else. Furthermore, inherent in the idea of acquiring an absolute right in property (title) is exclusivity of possession ie superiority over the transferor and third parties.
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Gadaleta, Agata, Angelica Giancaspro, Silvana Zacheo, Domenica Nigro, Stefania Lucia Giove, Pasqualina Colasuonno et Antonio Blanco. « Comparison of genomic and EST-derived SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of wheat ». Plant Genetic Resources 9, no 2 (16 mars 2011) : 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211100030x.
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Microsatellite markers (simple sequence repeats, SSRs) are used for a wide range of crop genetic and breeding applications, including genetic diversity assessment, phylogenetic analysis, genotypic profiling and marker-assisted selection. Genomic SSR (gSSR) have attracted more attention because of abundance in plant genome, reproducibility, high level of polymorphism and codominant inheritance. Recently, the availability of data for expressed sequence tags (EST), has given more emphasis to EST-derived SSRs, which belong to the transcribed regions of DNA, and are expected to be more conserved and have a higher transferability rate across species than gSSR markers. In the present study, several gSSR and EST-SSR markers were investigated for their transferability and level of DNA polymorphism in different ancestral tetraploid and diploid Triticum and Aegilops species. The same gSSR and EST-SSR markers were also evaluated for their applicability in the phylogenetic analysis of wheat. Both gSSR and EST-SSR markers showed differences for the average transferability rate and the number of alleles/locus. Phylogenetic trees based on gSSR and EST-SSR markers were in accordance with phylogenetic relations based on cytogenetic and molecular analyses.
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Lee, Jaeyoung, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Maria Rosaria de Blasiis, Xuesong Wang et Ilaria Mattei. « International transferability of macro-level safety performance functions : a case study of the United States and Italy ». Transportation Safety and Environment 1, no 1 (8 avril 2019) : 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/transp/tdz001.
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Abstract Safety performance functions (SPFs), or crash-prediction models, have played an important role in identifying the factors contributing to crashes, predicting crash counts and identifying hotspots. Since a great deal of time and effort is needed to estimate an SPF, previous studies have sought to determine the transferability of particular SPFs; that is, the extent to which they can be applied to data from other regions. Although many efforts have been made to examine micro-level SPF transferability, few studies have focused on macro-level SPF transferability. There has been little transferability analysis of macro-level SPFs in the international context, especially between western countries. This study therefore evaluates the transferability of SPFs for several states in the USA (Illinois, Florida and Colorado) and for Italy. The SPFs were developed using data from counties in the United States and provincias in Italy, and the results revealed multiple common significant variables between the two countries. Transferability indexes were then calculated between the SPFs. These showed that the Italy SPFs for total crashes and bicycle crashes were transferable to US data after calibration factors were applied, whereas the US SPFs for total and bicycle crashes, with the exception of the Colorado SPF, could not be transferred to the Italian data. On the other hand, none of the pedestrian SPFs developed was transferable to other countries. This paper provides insights into the applicability of macro-level SPFs between the USA and Italy, and shows a good potential for international SPF transferability. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed of SPF transferability between a wider range of countries.
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Gallelli, Vincenzo, Teresa Iuele, Rosolino Vaiana et Alessandro Vitale. « Investigating the Transferability of Calibrated Microsimulation Parameters for Operational Performance Analysis in Roundabouts ». Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3078063.
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Microsimulation models are widespread for the analysis of roundabouts operational performance providing realistic modelling of vehicle movements. These models are based on many independent parameters to describe traffic and driver behaviour, which need to be calibrated in order to better match field data. In practice, despite the well-recognized importance of calibration and validation processes, simulation is conducted under default values because of difficulties in field data collection and deficiency in available guidelines. These issues can be faced by using transferability methodologies that allow applying the parameters calibrated for a case study to other similar locations. Therefore, this paper investigates the suitability of the transferability procedure adopting both the application-based and estimation-based approaches, by considering two roundabouts and a microsimulation tool. A Genetic Algorithm technique was used to determine the best estimates of these model parameters. After that, the authors compared field-measured with simulated queue lengths, considering four different scenarios. The results show that the application of Wiedemann 99 parameters calibrated for the first case study to the second one allows reducing the RMSNE more than 50%, thus confirming an acceptable level of transferability of these parameters between the two case studies.
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Fellini, Ivana, et Raffaele Guetto. « A “U-Shaped” Pattern of Immigrants’ Occupational Careers ? A Comparative Analysis of Italy, Spain, and France ». International Migration Review 53, no 1 (5 avril 2018) : 26–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318767931.
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The international literature hypothesized a “U-shaped” pattern of immigrants’ occupational trajectories from origin to destination countries due to the imperfect transferability of human capital. However, empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is available only in single-country studies and for “old,” Anglo-Saxon migration countries with deregulated labor markets. This article compares Italy, Spain, and France, providing evidence that the more segmented the labor market, the higher immigrants’ occupational downgrade on arrival, independently from skills transferability and other individual characteristics. Paradoxically, the more segmented the labor market, the more important the acquisition of host-country specific human capital for subsequent upward mobility.
Thèses sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Elmi, Abdishakor Mohamoud. « Analysis of the temporal transferability of work trip distribution gravity models ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0012/MQ32396.pdf.
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Johnson, Victoria Ann. « Valuing improvements in bathing water quality : contingent valuation, conjoint analysis and the transferability of benefit estimates ». Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323482.
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Silva, Karla Cristina Rodrigues. « Assessing the transferability of crash prediction models for two lane highways in Brazil ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-10112017-215500/.
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The present study focused on evaluating some crash prediction models for two lane highways on Brazilian conditions. Also, the transferability of models was considered, specifically by means of a comparison between Brazil, HSM and Florida. The analysis of two lane highways crash prediction models was promising when the road characteristics were well known and there was not much difference from base conditions. This conclusion was attained regarding the comparison of results for all segments, non-curved segments and curved segments, confirming that a transferred model can be used with caution. In addition, two novel models for Brazilian two-lane highways segments were estimated. The model developed showed better results for non-curved segments in the calibration/validation sample. Thus, for a general analysis purpose of non-curved segments this model is recommended. Finally, there are many factors that could not be measured by these models and reflects road safety various condition. Even so, the study of crash predict models in Brazilian context could provide a better start point in safety road analysis.O foco desta pesquisa foi avaliar a aplicação de alguns modelos de previsão de acidentes em rodovias de pista simples de três estados brasileiros. Ainda, a transferabilidade destes modelos foi abordada, especificamente por meio de uma comparação entre características do Brasil, Florida e aquelas recomendadas pelo Highway Safety Manual. O uso dos distintos modelos se mostrou promissor para situações nas quais as características da via se mantiveram semelhantes às condições para as quais os modelos foram desenvolvidos. A avaliação foi empreendida para todos os segmentos homogêneos, separados posteriormente segundo a existência de curvas horizontais. Adicionalmente, dois novos modelos foram equacionados para a amostra brasileira. O modelo de previsão de acidentes desenvolvido apresentou melhores medidas de desempenho para segmentos sem curvas horizontais, sendo recomendável para previsão de acidentes em análises preliminares. Por fim, foi constatado que outros fatores não contemplados pelos modelos podem ter impactado as condições de segurança dos locais estudados. Ainda assim, essa pesquisa representa no contexto do Brasil um ponto de partida em análises relacionadas à segurança de rodovias de pista simples.
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Peverati, Costanza. « Translation in University Foreign-Language Curricula : An Analysis of Teachers’ Attitudes, with Reference to Vocational and Transferability Criteria ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292368.
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L'estudi se centra en l'ensenyament de la traducció en els plans d'estudi de llengües estrangeres a la universitat. Després de considerar la reavaluació acadèmica recent d'aquesta eina d'ensenyament d'idiomes i la seva reconceptualització, s'examinen alguns dels canvis i reptes que s'han derivat en l'àmbit de l'organització del currículum i l'ensenyament en classe . La identificació d'elements de complexitat, a partir d'un problema de conceptualització, condueix a una discussió de les possibles formes en què les tensions que es deriven podrien abordar-se i tal vegada mitigar-se, és a dir, les pedagogies que aprofiten el potencial de transferibilitat de l'aprenentatge que sorgeix de les activitats de traducció . Es posa l'accent principalment en el concepte de "competències genèriques transferibles" i la seva relació amb els enfocaments d'ensenyament de formació professional. A la llum d'aquestes premisses , l'estudi es proposa investigar com la comunitat docent conceptualitza i utilitza la traducció, quines raons formen la decisió de no incorporar-ho? hi ha una presa de consciència i inclinació a acceptar les nocions d'habilitats transferibles? Les dades es van recollir a través d'una anàlisi de seguiment de l'enquesta internacional de traducció i aprenentatge d'idiomes, realitzat en 2012-2013 per la Direcció general de la Comissió Europea per a la Traducció . Els resultats indiquen una àmplia variació qualitativa en la comprensió de la traducció i les seves funcions pedagògiques i una noció única d'ús/concepte, com a exercici de llenguatge contrastiu formalista. L'anàlisi de dades també suggereix la persistència d'un antagonisme latent, sobre la base de l'adhesió a les metodologies monolingües i concepció estricta de la traducció. Hi ha poca consciència explícita de les nocions de transferabilitat.El estudio se centra en la enseñanza de la traducción en los planes de estudio de lenguas extranjeras en la universidad. Después de considerar la reevaluación académica reciente de esta herramienta de enseñanza de idiomas y su reconceptualización, se examinan algunos de los cambios y retos que se han derivado en el ámbito de la organización del currículo y la enseñanza en clase . La identificación de elementos de complejidad, a partir de un problema de conceptualización, conduce a una discusión de las posibles formas en que las tensiones que se derivan podrían abordarse y tal vez mitigarse, es decir, las pedagogías que aprovechan el potencial de transferibilidad del aprendizaje que surge de las actividades de traducción . Se hace especial hincapié en el concepto de "competencias genéricas transferibles" y su relación con los enfoques de enseñanza de formación profesional. A la luz de estas premisas , el estudio se propone investigar cómo la comunidad docente conceptualiza y utiliza la traducción, ¿qué razones forman la decisión de no incorporarlo? ¿hay una toma de conciencia y inclinación a aceptar las nociones de habilidades transferibles? Los datos se recogieron a través de un análisis de seguimiento de la encuesta internacional de traducción y aprendizaje de idiomas, realizado en 2012-2013 por la Dirección General de la Comisión Europea para la Traducción . Los resultados indican una amplia variación cualitativa en la comprensión de la traducción y sus funciones pedagógicas y una noción única de uso/concepto, como ejercicio de lenguaje contrastivo formalista. El análisis de datos también sugiere la persistencia de un antagonismo latente, en base a la adhesión a las metodologías monolingües y concepción estricta de la traducción. Hay poca conciencia explícita de las nociones de transferabilidad.
The study focuses on the teaching of translation in university foreign-language curricula. After considering the recent scholarly reappraisal of this language-teaching tool and its attendant reconceptualization, it examines some of the changes and challenges that have ensued at the level of curriculum organization and classroom instruction. The identification of some elements of complexity, based on a problem of conceptualization, leads in to a discussion of possible ways in which the deriving tensions could be addressed and maybe mitigated, i.e. pedagogies that capitalize on the transferability potential of the learning emerging from translation activities. Special emphasis is placed on the concept of “transferable generic skills” and their relation to vocational teaching approaches. In light of these premises, the study sets out to investigate how the teaching community conceptualizes and uses translation, what reasons inform the choice not to incorporate it, and whether there is awareness of, and openness to, notions of transferable skills. Data are gathered through a follow-up analysis of the international survey Translation and Language Learning, carried out in 2012-2013 for the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Translation. The findings indicate a qualitatively broad variation in the understandings of translation and its pedagogical functions alongside a quantitatively significant concentration of data around a single conception/use, i.e. that of formalistic, contrastive language exercise. Data analysis also suggests the persistence of a latent antagonism, largely informed by adherence to monolingual methodologies and narrow, often misconceived translation concepts. Explicit awareness of transferability issues is modest. Implications of these findings for future action and research are discussed.
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Hast, Isak, et Asmelash Mehari. « Automating Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis and Assessing the Methods Transferability : A Case Study Using High Resolution Geografiska SverigedataTM Orthophotos ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22570.
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Geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) is an innovative image classification technique that treats spatial features in an image as objects, rather than as pixels; thus resembling closer to that of human perception of the geographic space. However, the process of a GEOBIA application allows for multiple interpretations. Particularly sensitive parts of the process include image segmentation and training data selection. The multiresolution segmentation algorithm (MSA) is commonly applied. The performance of segmentation depends primarily on the algorithms scale parameter, since scale controls the size of image objects produced. The fact that the scale parameter is unit less makes it a challenge to select a suitable one; thus, leaving the analyst to a method of trial and error. This can lead to a possible bias. Additionally, part from the segmentation, training area selection usually means that the data has to be manually collected. This is not only time consuming but also prone to subjectivity. In order to overcome these challenges, we tested a GEOBIA scheme that involved automatic methods of MSA scale parameterisation and training area selection which enabled us to more objectively classify images. Three study areas within Sweden were selected. The data used was high resolution Geografiska Sverigedata (GSD) orthophotos from the Swedish mapping agency, Lantmäteriet. We objectively found scale for each classification using a previously published technique embedded as a tool in eCognition software. Based on the orthophoto inputs, the tool calculated local variance and rate of change at different scales. These figures helped us to determine scale value for the MSA segmentation. Moreover, we developed in this study a novel method for automatic training area selection. The method is based on thresholded feature statistics layers computed from the orthophoto band derivatives. Thresholds were detected by Otsu’s single and multilevel algorithms. The layers were run through a filtering process which left only those fit for use in the classification process. We also tested the transferability of classification rule-sets for two of the study areas. This test helped us to investigate the degree to which automation can be realised. In this study we have made progress toward a more objective way of object-based image classification, realised by automating the scheme. Particularly noteworthy is the algorithm for automatic training area selection proposed, which compared to manual selection restricts human intervention to a minimum. Results of the classification show overall well delineated classes, in particular, the border between open area and forest contributed by the elevation data. On the other hand, there still persists some challenges regarding separating between deciduous and coniferous forest. Furthermore, although water was accurately classified in most instances, in one of the study areas, the water class showed contradictory results between its thematic and positional accuracy; hence stressing the importance of assessing the result based on more than the thematic accuracy. From the transferability test we noted the importance of considering the spatial/spectral characteristics of an area before transferring of rule-sets as these factors are a key to determine whether a transfer is possible.
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Lay, Richard H. « Applying the combinatorial retention auction mechanism (CRAM) to a cost-benefit analysis of the post 9/11 era GI Bill transferability benefit ». Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA501669.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Gates, Bill. "June 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 10, 2009. DTIC Identifiers: Combinatorial Retention Auction Mechanism (CRAM), total reward, post 9/11 ERA GI Bill transferability, NMI (Non-Monetary Incentive), UIP (Universal Incentive Package), SRB (Selective Reenlistment Bonus). Author(s) subject terms: MGIB, Post 9/11 Era GI Bill Transferability, Non-monetary Incentive (NMI), retention, Combinatorial Retention Auction Mechanism (CRAM), Universal Incentive Package (UIP), Selective Reenlistment Bonus (SRB), Total Reward, Auction. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-73). Also available in print.
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Raihan, Md Asif. « Improved Methods for Network Screening and Countermeasure Selection for Highway Improvements ». FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3846.
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Network screening and countermeasure selection are two crucial steps in the highway improvement process. In network screening, potential improvement locations are ranked and prioritized based on a specific method with a set of criteria. The most common practice by transportation agencies has been to use a simple scoring method, which, in general, weighs and scores each criterion and then ranks the locations based on their relative overall scoring. The method does not deal well with criteria that are qualitative in nature, nor does it account for the impacts of correlation among the criteria. The introduction of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides agencies with a method to include both quantitative and qualitative criteria. However, it does not address the issue on correlation. This dissertation explores the use of both Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) for their potential capabilities to address both issues. Using urban four-lane divided highways in Florida for bicycle safety improvements, both ANP and FANP were shown to provide more reasonable rankings than AHP, with FANP providing the best results among the methods.
After the locations are ranked and prioritized for improvements, the next step is to evaluate the potential countermeasures for improvements at the selected top-ranked locations. In this step, the standard practice has been to use Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to quantify the potential impacts from implementing specific countermeasures. In this research, CMFs for bicycle crashes on urban facilities in Florida were developed using the Generalized Linear Model approach with a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) distribution. The CMFs were tested for their spatial and temporal transferability and the results show only limited transferability both spatially and temporally. The CMFs show that, in general, wider lanes, lower speed limits, and presence of vegetation in the median reduce bicycle crashes, while presence of sidewalk and sidewalk barrier increase bicycle crashes. The research further considered bicycle exposure using the bicycle activity data from the Strava smartphone application. It was found that increased bicycle activity reduces bicycle crash probabilities on segments but increases bicycle crash probabilities at signalized intersections. Also, presence of bus stops and use of permissive signal phasing at intersections were found to increase bicycle crash probabilities.
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Weaver, Jennifer Elisabeth. « Invasive Species Distribution Models : An Analysis of Scale, Sample Selection Bias, Transferability and Prediction ». Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/43940.
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Species distribution models must balance the need for model generality with that for precision and accuracy. This is critical when modelling range-expanding species such as invasive species. Given the increased use of species distribution models to study invasive species-landscape relationships, a better understanding of the effect of spatial scales, sampling biases, model transferability and discrepancies between different models’ future predictions is necessary. This dissertation addresses these knowledge gaps using mute swans (Cygnus olor) as a case study species. I specifically examine mute swan’s distributions in parts of their native range of Britain and their non-native range of Ontario, Canada. I first investigate which environmental variables at which spatial scales best explain mute swan’s distribution in its non-native range. Second, I perform a sample selection bias study to examine predictive accuracy when species distribution models are built using varying ranges of environmental variables and applied to broader spatial extents. Third, I examine the potential for, and limitations of model transferability between native and non-native regions. Finally, I use two different modelling approaches and three different climate change and land use change scenarios to predict future mute swan habitat suitability. The results indicate that (1) models with better predictive accuracy include environmental variables from multiple ecologically-meaningful scales and measured at spatial extents that include a broad range of environmental variable values; (2) models can exhibit asymmetrical transferability; (3) climate change will facilitate mute swan range expansion in the future more than land use change; and (4) mute swans are often found near urban waterbodies. When modelling invasive species distributions, I suggest that ecologists consider: (I) spatial scale of the underlying landscape processes and species’ use of the landscape; (II) variability and range of each environmental variable used for building models; and (III) stage of establishment of the invasive species.
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Maxwald, Melanie. « Transferability analysis as a supporting tool for the uptake of soil and water bioengineering measures in fire prone areas ». Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1295983.
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The present thesis describes the theoretical transfer of soil and water bioengineering (SWBE) as a measure for erosion mitigation to a fire-prone Take-Up Site in the temperate Andes in southern Ecuador. A fire-prone area in the Pisan Mountains/Italy, where SWBE measures are frequently used, served as Leading Site. The Transferability Analysis aims to estimate key barriers or key support factors appearing with the transfer. Various analyses were carried out to support the findings: Autonomous vegetation recovery capacity at the Take-Up Site in post- fire conditions was analyzed using multitemporal vegetation indices from Sentinel 2 images. A soil data base at the Take-Up Site elaborated from field study and laboratory gave information regarding soil properties. To estimate soil loss at both sites the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was used to simulate pre- and post-fire conditions. Further, the fire induced change of the runoff coefficient was estimated for one unburned and one burned basin at the Leading Site. The results showed a high vegetation recovery of grasslands at the Take-Up Site to the level of pre-fire conditions within one year. One key result from the soil analysis was the high infiltration rate in post-fire conditions, probably influencing the subsurface flow. The comparison of erosion behavior showed a moderate mean annual erosion at the Leading Site in pre-fire conditions (33.89 t/ha^-1/yr^-1), with an increase of 285% in post-fire conditions. The mean annual erosion at the Take-Up Site was already high in pre- fire conditions (116.14 t/ha^-1/yr^-1) and showed an increase of 7.16 % in post fire conditions. The runoff coefficient at the Leading Site changed with the fire event from 0.2 to 0.5. Regarding the take-up of SWBE measures to the fire prone area in the temperate Andes probable constraints resulted to be qualified labor and equipment/mechanical instruments. Key support factors for the transfer were Botany and Materials as a variety of plants shows important characteristics for SWBE measures, able to compensate constraints in certain cases.
Livres sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Krishna, Kala. Quantity controls, license transferability, and the level of investment. Cambridge, MA : National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Casini, Leonardo, dir. Guida per la valorizzazione della multifunzionalità dell'agricoltura. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-092-5.
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This book publishes the results of the inter-regional project on "Evolutionary dynamics of agricultural enterprises and multifunctionality". Starting from the identification of a shared theoretical framework of the concept of multifunctionality, the study has developed a method for zoning the territory aimed at defining the different roles played by agriculture. The development of case studies, and meetings with stakeholders and focus groups, have made it possible to identify the weak and strong points within and outside the enterprises, with particular reference to the multifunctional components and the degree of repeatability and transferability of the experiences analysed. The result is to bring to light needs in terms of policies, tools for the valorisation of multifunctionality and strategies that enable the agricultural enterprises to commercially valorise functions not traditionally pertinent to the market.
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Betz, Matthias, et Volker Wulf. Toward Transferability in Grounded Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0016.
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Grounded design is a particular design-research approach applied in case studies. The approach aims to investigate social practices with the purpose of identifying and unveiling problematic aspects of that practice. In research contexts, design case studies are conducted by applying established research methods such as ethnographic field studies, participatory design, and action research. As a research approach, grounded design claims to contribute to scientific knowledge by creating a collection of documented cases that is accessible for a further comprehensive and overarching analysis. This chapter provides an example of such a study through a comparison of two design case studies in the field of civil security research, in the context of firefighting: the Landmarke project and the Koordinator project. In addition, this chapter addresses the transferability of design case studies.
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Parsons, Christopher. High-Skilled Migration in Times of Global Economic Crisis. Sous la direction de Mathias Czaika. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815273.003.0002.
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This chapter uses two pioneering databases to analyse the implications of the global economic crisis on international migration. The first details inflows of migrant workers of 185 nationalities to ten OECD destinations, disaggregated by skill level between 2000 and 2012. The second comprises immigration policies implemented by nineteen OECD countries between 2000 and 2012. It distinguishes between six skill-selective admission policies, six post-entry policy instruments, and three bilateral agreements. The preliminary analysis is presented against the backdrop of the crisis, which negatively affected annual inflows of highly and other skilled migrants between 2007 and 2009, although these resumed an upward trend thereafter. The starkest trends in policy terms include: the diffusion of student jobseeker visas, the relative stability in the prevalence of skill-selective policies in the wake of the crisis, a greater use of financial incentives to attract high-skilled workers, and increased employer transferability for migrants at destination.
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Application of the intervention Best-practices with rural NEETs. CA 18213 : Rural NEET Youth Network : Modeling the risks underlying rural NEETs social exclusion, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/cisrnyn.babpneets.2022.05.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Relatively few studies have investigated the strategies, policies, programmes, and projects concerning rural NEETs (namely, young people living in rural areas neither in employment nor in education or training). This special issue of Quality of Life Jour- nal is dedicated to fulfilling this gap in the literature. It contributes case studies from European Union (EU) member states. The primary purpose of this special issue is to approach and discuss the various strategies, policies, programmes, and projects appli- cable to youth rural NEETs. This special issue edition has sought to gather research papers (or critical, theoretical analysis on selected topics) covering NEETs strategies, policies, measures, programmes, and projects. These highlight the success factors and scope for transferability of good (or, how to avoid bad) practices. To that end, they examine pertinent labour market and NEET situations which can help to explain the context, reasons, and baseline for the various strategies and policy measures being implemented. They also cover assessment of NEET strategies by focusing on formal education, training and skills development, and active employment policies, in particular the role of Youth Guarantee in local/rural employment. Various other relevant factors are considered/examined, including: assessment of the NEET policy measures and results; objectives, target groups, geographical and sectoral scope in different economic activities, financial, legal and institutional frameworks; results and lessons learned, including adaptations due to crisis; domestic and international programmes, as well as numerous projects and instruments; difficulties and constraints; and, finally, assessment of the success factors and transferability of projects and strategies thereof
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Pluvinage, G., et A. Dhiab. « Notch Sensitivity Analysis on Fracture Toughness ». Dans Transferability of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics, 303–22. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0608-8_22.
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Kotrechko, S. « Physical Fundamentals of Local Approach to Analysis of Cleavage Fracture ». Dans Transferability of Fracture Mechanical Characteristics, 135–50. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0608-8_10.
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Shabanpour, Ramin, Nima Golshani, Thomas S. Stephens, Joshua Auld et Abolfazl Mohammadian. « Developing a Spatial Transferability Platform to Analyze National-Level Impacts of Connected Automated Vehicles ». Dans The Practice of Spatial Analysis, 253–72. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89806-3_12.
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Kauczor, H. U., M. Fein, I. Zuna, S. Delorme, N. Suhm, M. V. Knopp et G. van Kaick. « Texture Analysis of B-Scan Images : Transferability between Different Ultrasound Scanners ». Dans Acoustical Imaging, 393–97. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3370-2_62.
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Myrovali, Glykeria, et Maria Morfoulaki. « Sustainable Mobility Engagement and Co-planning ; a Multicriteria Analysis Based Transferability Guide ». Dans Decision Support Systems XII : Decision Support Addressing Modern Industry, Business, and Societal Needs, 164–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06530-9_13.
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Gao, Zhiwei, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya et Eiji Aramaki. « A Preliminary Analysis of Offensive Language Detection Transferability from Social Media to Video Live Streaming Platforms ». Dans Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 121–32. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73113-7_11.
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Boni, Alice Selene. « Urban Living Labs : Insights for Institutionally Promoted Urban Policies ». Dans The Urban Book Series, 53–67. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19748-2_4.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the results of a study that analyzed the conditions in which it is possible to scale-up to the Urban Living Lab (ULL) approach, which was developed in large-scale social housing neighbourhoods, characterized by phenomena of social and spatial marginalization. Specifically, the aim of the study is to provide indications and tools, but also indicate challenges and critical issues to those public institutions interested in promoting and adopting, in such contexts, the ULL approach for programmes of social and/or urban regeneration. The study is based on a comparative analysis of local experimentations produced both by launching or consolidating the ULL, promoted by universities within the SoHoLab project in three European cities and by a public programme developed in the Lombardy region from 2014, which has features in common with the ULL. The study analyzed the documentation produced and thirty interviews with different stakeholders (public institutions, NGOs, social housing companies). Considering some specific topics and the important lessons learned from the local projects, the chapter deals with the theme of the transferability of labs, from a local level to a regional or national level, by an institutional lever.
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Kijewska, Kinga, et Stanisław Iwan. « Adaptability/Transferability in the City Logistics Measures Implementation ». Dans Data Analytics : Paving the Way to Sustainable Urban Mobility, 622–30. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02305-8_75.
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« The Trustworthiness of Qualitative Research Outputs ». Dans Data Analysis and Methods of Qualitative Research, 121–39. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8549-8.ch006.
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This chapter exposes readers to the strategies of handling trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. The first section contains information related to the methods of promoting credibility of qualitative research projects and instruments. The computation of coefficient of credibility (CC) is demonstrated in this section. The second section addresses the strategies of promoting transferability of qualitative projects and outputs. There is a discussion on whether the qualitative research outputs and completed projects should be generalized to other contexts. The strategies of enhancing dependability are handled in Section 3, and Section 4 contains the methods of handling conformability in qualitative research projects. The chapter is concluded by a question and answer section.
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Ashley, Lori J., et Milovan Misic. « Digital Preservation Capability Maturity Model (DPCMM) ». Dans Diverse Applications and Transferability of Maturity Models, 152–67. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7080-6.ch006.
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This chapter provides an overview of the genesis and development of the digital preservation capability maturity model (DPCMM) which covers a range of governance, operational, and data management functions associated with the management of long-term (10+ years) and permanent digital assets. The model is organized into three domains: infrastructure, repository, and services. In addition to providing a useful framework for analysis and planning among archivists, content owners and records managers, using a capability maturity model (CMM) to convey the requirements associated with preservation and access to long-term digital assets provides a familiar construct for information technology (IT) architects and system administrators. Each of the 15 DPCMM components has five incremental stages of capability called digital preservation performance metrics.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Ramsey, Scott, Troy Mayo et Samuel G. Lambrakos. « Sensitivity analysis of dye absorption-spectrum transferability relative to substrates ». Dans Novel Optical Systems, Methods, and Applications XXIII, sous la direction de Cornelius F. Hahlweg et Joseph R. Mulley. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2568505.
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« Power Transferability Analysis of I-SS-Buck Dynamic Wireless Charging System ». Dans 2019 IEEE PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies : Wireless Power Transfer (WoW). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wow45936.2019.9030679.
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Rezgui, Zohra, et Amina Bassit. « Transferability Analysis of an Adversarial Attack on Gender Classification to Face Recognition ». Dans 2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548308.
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McAllister, Richard, et John Sheppard. « Exploring Transferability in Deep Neural Networks with Functional Data Analysis and Spatial Statistics ». Dans 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2019.8851994.
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Osaba, Eneko, Aritz D. Martinez, Jesus L. Lobo, Javier Del Ser et Francisco Herrera. « Multifactorial Cellular Genetic Algorithm (MFCGA) : Algorithmic Design, Performance Comparison and Genetic Transferability Analysis ». Dans 2020 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec48606.2020.9185784.
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Chapuliot, S., et S. Marie. « Brittle Fracture Criteria Transferability Evaluation by Testing on Different Specimen Geometries ». Dans ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61231.
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This paper describes an experimental and numerical study to assess the transposability of brittle fracture criteria from specimens of one type of geometry to another. The overall “master curve” approach, the Beremin model and a proposed model using the concept of critical stress were accordingly analysed. The experimental work supporting the analysis was made on 16MND5 reactor vessel steel. This was in the form of CT25 specimens, taken as the reference type, SENT specimens, ring specimens and CTpor specimens, which are CT specimens with a semi-elliptical surface defect. The analysis itself was made in two stages: the models were first calibrated on the basis of CT25 test results, then they were applied to specimens of other geometries. We then demonstrate that, in all cases, the models correctly replicated the variation of toughness (as measured on a CT25 specimen) with temperature. However, they all failed when applied to SENT and ring specimens, where calculation underestimates the probability of fracture. For CTpor specimens, the results are better, the master curve approach and the critical stress criterion give satisfactory results (but it has not yet been possible to apply the Beremin method). This paper concludes with a detailed analysis of the crack tip stress and strain fields, followed by an attempt to explain the differences between the different types of behaviour observed.
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Lin, Zhulu, et Mohammad J. Anar. « Parameter Estimation, Transferability Evaluation and Predictive Uncertainty Analysis of a Sugarbeet Model Using PEST ». Dans 2018 Detroit, Michigan July 29 - August 1, 2018. St. Joseph, MI : American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800231.
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Sklorz, C., F. Otremba et F. Reich. « Limit Load Analysis of Pressurized Containers ». Dans ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36334.
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Limit load analysis is a well known method to calculate the allowable design pressure of container components. A limit load of a pressurized container is achieved, when the stress of a wall and the flow stress are equal. In the following paper the transferability of limit load analysis from small scale tank containers up to large scale containers (railway tank) are investigated. Finite element calculations are carried out and compared with experimental results. It can be concluded that the limit load analysis works very well. Furthermore, the yield strength of the material should be used as flow stress.
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Hult, Sabina, Line Bay Kreiberg, Sami Sebastian Brandt et Björn Þór Jónsson. « Analysis of the Effect of Dataset Construction Methodology on Transferability of Music Emotion Recognition Models ». Dans ICMR '20 : International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3372278.3390733.
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Boudabous, Safa, Stephan Clemencon, Houda Labiod et Julian Garbiso. « Dynamic Graph Convolutional LSTM application for traffic flow estimation from error-prone measurements : results and transferability analysis ». Dans 2021 IEEE 8th International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dsaa53316.2021.9564206.
Texte intégralRapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Transferability analysis"
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Higgins, Steve, Emma Dobson, Jonathan Kay et Patrick Okwen. Using meta-analysis to explore the transferability of education mid-range theories to Cameroon, Chad, Nigeria and Niger : Final academic report – Evidence synthesis. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), juillet 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/crpp2.
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Our project sought to recontextualise a popular evidence portal from the English education system to Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Nigeria. The Teaching and Learning Toolkit is a resource that summarises the global evidence for 30 different pedagogical approaches in plain language so that it can inform the decisions of school leaders in England. This paper shares the evidence synthesis for the project.
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White, Jessica. Consensus vs. Complexity : Challenges of Adaptability for the UN Security Council’s Counter-Terrorism Framework & ; the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda. RESOLVE Network, octobre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/sfi2022.3.
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United Nations (UN) counter-terrorism (CT) policies are challenged by the emergence and resurgence of different threat profiles on the security horizon because its response framework is focused on one type of terrorism and violent extremism (T/VE) threat. As there is increasing focus on the threat of extreme right-wing T/VE in the current social and political context in the West, for example, the challenges of adaptability and transferability become apparent. This is often due to the lack of flexibility and nuance of the conversation around CT at the UN level. This same lack of consideration for complexity can be exemplified through the case of the UN Security Council’s (UNSC) Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) agenda and the subsequent application of gender mainstreaming strategies. The WPS agenda was introduced with UNSC Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 in 2000 and developed over the next two decades with the adoption of nine follow-on resolutions. The increasing visibility of the impacts of terrorist groups on women and girls, and the articulation by some groups of a strategy that specifically targeted gender equality or utilized narratives promoting the subjugation of women, created greater momentum to push for the integration of the WPS and CT agendas, reflected most significantly in UNSCR 2242. However, even with this necessary focus on the protection and empowerment of women in the peace and security space, there has often been a more limited policy conversation around the wider gender perspective and analysis needed to effectively implement gender mainstreaming strategies. There needs to be increased attention given to understanding how socio-culturally defined gender roles and expectations impact how and why every individual engages with T/VE. Additionally, research is needed on how the wider gender equality goal of gender mainstreaming strategies can be implemented This research brief examines the adaptability and transferability of the last two decades of UN CT legal and policy frameworks and architecture to the evolving threat landscape.
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Crispin, Darla. Artistic Research as a Process of Unfolding. Norges Musikkhøgskole, août 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.503395.
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As artistic research work in various disciplines and national contexts continues to develop, the diversity of approaches to the field becomes ever more apparent. This is to be welcomed, because it keeps alive ideas of plurality and complexity at a particular time in history when the gross oversimplifications and obfuscations of political discourses are compromising the nature of language itself, leading to what several commentators have already called ‘a post-truth’ world. In this brutal environment where ‘information’ is uncoupled from reality and validated only by how loudly and often it is voiced, the artist researcher has a responsibility that goes beyond the confines of our discipline to articulate the truth-content of his or her artistic practice. To do this, they must embrace daring and risk-taking, finding ways of communicating that flow against the current norms. In artistic research, the empathic communication of information and experience – and not merely the ‘verbally empathic’ – is a sign of research transferability, a marker for research content. But this, in some circles, is still a heretical point of view. Research, in its more traditional manifestations mistrusts empathy and individually-incarnated human experience; the researcher, although a sentient being in the world, is expected to behave dispassionately in their professional discourse, and with a distrust for insights that come primarily from instinct. For the construction of empathic systems in which to study and research, our structures still need to change. So, we need to work toward a new world (one that is still not our idea), a world that is symptomatic of what we might like artistic research to be. Risk is one of the elements that helps us to make the conceptual twist that turns subjective, reflexive experience into transpersonal, empathic communication and/or scientifically-viable modes of exchange. It gives us something to work with in engaging with debates because it means that something is at stake. To propose a space where such risks may be taken, I shall revisit Gillian Rose’s metaphor of ‘the fold’ that I analysed in the first Symposium presented by the Arne Nordheim Centre for Artistic Research (NordART) at the Norwegian Academy of Music in November 2015. I shall deepen the exploration of the process of ‘unfolding’, elaborating on my belief in its appropriateness for artistic research work; I shall further suggest that Rose’s metaphor provides a way to bridge some of the gaps of understanding that have already developed between those undertaking artistic research and those working in the more established music disciplines.
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Rankin, Nicole, Deborah McGregor, Candice Donnelly, Bethany Van Dort, Richard De Abreu Lourenco, Anne Cust et Emily Stone. Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography for high risk populations : Investigating effectiveness and screening program implementation considerations : An Evidence Check rapid review brokered by the Sax Institute (www.saxinstitute.org.au) for the Cancer Institute NSW. The Sax Institute, octobre 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/clzt5093.
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Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer death worldwide.(1) It is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia (12,741 cases diagnosed in 2018) and the leading cause of cancer death.(2) The number of years of potential life lost to lung cancer in Australia is estimated to be 58,450, similar to that of colorectal and breast cancer combined.(3) While tobacco control strategies are most effective for disease prevention in the general population, early detection via low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening in high-risk populations is a viable option for detecting asymptomatic disease in current (13%) and former (24%) Australian smokers.(4) The purpose of this Evidence Check review is to identify and analyse existing and emerging evidence for LDCT lung cancer screening in high-risk individuals to guide future program and policy planning. Evidence Check questions This review aimed to address the following questions: 1. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 2. What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? 3. What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? 4. What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Summary of methods The authors searched the peer-reviewed literature across three databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) for existing systematic reviews and original studies published between 1 January 2009 and 8 August 2019. Fifteen systematic reviews (of which 8 were contemporary) and 64 original publications met the inclusion criteria set across the four questions. Key findings Question 1: What is the evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? There is sufficient evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of combined (pooled) data from screening trials (of high-risk individuals) to indicate that LDCT examination is clinically effective in reducing lung cancer mortality. In 2011, the landmark National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST, a large-scale randomised controlled trial [RCT] conducted in the US) reported a 20% (95% CI 6.8% – 26.7%; P=0.004) relative reduction in mortality among long-term heavy smokers over three rounds of annual screening. High-risk eligibility criteria was defined as people aged 55–74 years with a smoking history of ≥30 pack-years (years in which a smoker has consumed 20-plus cigarettes each day) and, for former smokers, ≥30 pack-years and have quit within the past 15 years.(5) All-cause mortality was reduced by 6.7% (95% CI, 1.2% – 13.6%; P=0.02). Initial data from the second landmark RCT, the NEderlands-Leuvens Longkanker Screenings ONderzoek (known as the NELSON trial), have found an even greater reduction of 26% (95% CI, 9% – 41%) in lung cancer mortality, with full trial results yet to be published.(6, 7) Pooled analyses, including several smaller-scale European LDCT screening trials insufficiently powered in their own right, collectively demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in lung cancer mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.91).(8) Despite the reduction in all-cause mortality found in the NLST, pooled analyses of seven trials found no statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–1.00).(8) However, cancer-specific mortality is currently the most relevant outcome in cancer screening trials. These seven trials demonstrated a significantly greater proportion of early stage cancers in LDCT groups compared with controls (RR 2.08, 95% CI 1.43–3.03). Thus, when considering results across mortality outcomes and early stage cancers diagnosed, LDCT screening is considered to be clinically effective. Question 2: What is the evidence of potential harms from lung cancer screening for higher-risk individuals? The harms of LDCT lung cancer screening include false positive tests and the consequences of unnecessary invasive follow-up procedures for conditions that are eventually diagnosed as benign. While LDCT screening leads to an increased frequency of invasive procedures, it does not result in greater mortality soon after an invasive procedure (in trial settings when compared with the control arm).(8) Overdiagnosis, exposure to radiation, psychological distress and an impact on quality of life are other known harms. Systematic review evidence indicates the benefits of LDCT screening are likely to outweigh the harms. The potential harms are likely to be reduced as refinements are made to LDCT screening protocols through: i) the application of risk predication models (e.g. the PLCOm2012), which enable a more accurate selection of the high-risk population through the use of specific criteria (beyond age and smoking history); ii) the use of nodule management algorithms (e.g. Lung-RADS, PanCan), which assist in the diagnostic evaluation of screen-detected nodules and cancers (e.g. more precise volumetric assessment of nodules); and, iii) more judicious selection of patients for invasive procedures. Recent evidence suggests a positive LDCT result may transiently increase psychological distress but does not have long-term adverse effects on psychological distress or health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With regards to smoking cessation, there is no evidence to suggest screening participation invokes a false sense of assurance in smokers, nor a reduction in motivation to quit. The NELSON and Danish trials found no difference in smoking cessation rates between LDCT screening and control groups. Higher net cessation rates, compared with general population, suggest those who participate in screening trials may already be motivated to quit. Question 3: What are the main components of recent major lung cancer screening programs or trials? There are no systematic reviews that capture the main components of recent major lung cancer screening trials and programs. We extracted evidence from original studies and clinical guidance documents and organised this into key groups to form a concise set of components for potential implementation of a national lung cancer screening program in Australia: 1. Identifying the high-risk population: recruitment, eligibility, selection and referral 2. Educating the public, people at high risk and healthcare providers; this includes creating awareness of lung cancer, the benefits and harms of LDCT screening, and shared decision-making 3. Components necessary for health services to deliver a screening program: a. Planning phase: e.g. human resources to coordinate the program, electronic data systems that integrate medical records information and link to an established national registry b. Implementation phase: e.g. human and technological resources required to conduct LDCT examinations, interpretation of reports and communication of results to participants c. Monitoring and evaluation phase: e.g. monitoring outcomes across patients, radiological reporting, compliance with established standards and a quality assurance program 4. Data reporting and research, e.g. audit and feedback to multidisciplinary teams, reporting outcomes to enhance international research into LDCT screening 5. Incorporation of smoking cessation interventions, e.g. specific programs designed for LDCT screening or referral to existing community or hospital-based services that deliver cessation interventions. Most original studies are single-institution evaluations that contain descriptive data about the processes required to establish and implement a high-risk population-based screening program. Across all studies there is a consistent message as to the challenges and complexities of establishing LDCT screening programs to attract people at high risk who will receive the greatest benefits from participation. With regards to smoking cessation, evidence from one systematic review indicates the optimal strategy for incorporating smoking cessation interventions into a LDCT screening program is unclear. There is widespread agreement that LDCT screening attendance presents a ‘teachable moment’ for cessation advice, especially among those people who receive a positive scan result. Smoking cessation is an area of significant research investment; for instance, eight US-based clinical trials are now underway that aim to address how best to design and deliver cessation programs within large-scale LDCT screening programs.(9) Question 4: What is the cost-effectiveness of lung cancer screening programs (include studies of cost–utility)? Assessing the value or cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening involves a complex interplay of factors including data on effectiveness and costs, and institutional context. A key input is data about the effectiveness of potential and current screening programs with respect to case detection, and the likely outcomes of treating those cases sooner (in the presence of LDCT screening) as opposed to later (in the absence of LDCT screening). Evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening programs has been summarised in two systematic reviews. We identified a further 13 studies—five modelling studies, one discrete choice experiment and seven articles—that used a variety of methods to assess cost-effectiveness. Three modelling studies indicated LDCT screening was cost-effective in the settings of the US and Europe. Two studies—one from Australia and one from New Zealand—reported LDCT screening would not be cost-effective using NLST-like protocols. We anticipate that, following the full publication of the NELSON trial, cost-effectiveness studies will likely be updated with new data that reduce uncertainty about factors that influence modelling outcomes, including the findings of indeterminate nodules. Gaps in the evidence There is a large and accessible body of evidence as to the effectiveness (Q1) and harms (Q2) of LDCT screening for lung cancer. Nevertheless, there are significant gaps in the evidence about the program components that are required to implement an effective LDCT screening program (Q3). Questions about LDCT screening acceptability and feasibility were not explicitly included in the scope. However, as the evidence is based primarily on US programs and UK pilot studies, the relevance to the local setting requires careful consideration. The Queensland Lung Cancer Screening Study provides feasibility data about clinical aspects of LDCT screening but little about program design. The International Lung Screening Trial is still in the recruitment phase and findings are not yet available for inclusion in this Evidence Check. The Australian Population Based Screening Framework was developed to “inform decision-makers on the key issues to be considered when assessing potential screening programs in Australia”.(10) As the Framework is specific to population-based, rather than high-risk, screening programs, there is a lack of clarity about transferability of criteria. However, the Framework criteria do stipulate that a screening program must be acceptable to “important subgroups such as target participants who are from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, people from disadvantaged groups and people with a disability”.(10) An extensive search of the literature highlighted that there is very little information about the acceptability of LDCT screening to these population groups in Australia. Yet they are part of the high-risk population.(10) There are also considerable gaps in the evidence about the cost-effectiveness of LDCT screening in different settings, including Australia. The evidence base in this area is rapidly evolving and is likely to include new data from the NELSON trial and incorporate data about the costs of targeted- and immuno-therapies as these treatments become more widely available in Australia.