Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Transfer culturali »

This article identifies and analyses a catalogue of English loanwords from Italian merchant texts; specifically commercial letters (1392-1401) sent to employees in the service of the ‘merchant of Prato’, Francesco Datini, and his company. Research on loanwords in late medieval London has already shown a significant degree of linguistic exchange between Italy and England. The corpus studied here consists of seventy-eight letters published by Nicolini (2020) which are subjected to a linguistic analysis for the first time in the paper. Within the corpus, twenty-five English loanwords were identified, revealing a far greater degree of lexical exchange than what has previously been recorded in the literature. However, there were occurrences of loanword transfer where the etyma or direction of transfer was unclear and therefore not easily identifiable. Italian morphological changes of English loanwords include but are not limited to: adjectival and noun case marking, gemination, deletion of double consonants, apocope, and phonological reduction. The results provide insight into the extent of language and cultural exchange between local English speakers and Italian merchant immigrants in the period immediately preceding the Renaissance. Sul trasferimento di prestiti e fenomeni di scambio linguistico dall’inglese all’italiano, 1392-1401 In questo articolo si identifica e analizza un catalogo di prestiti inglesi da testi commerciali italiani; in particolare, lettere commerciali (1392-1401) inviate ai lavoratori al servizio del “mercante di Prato”, Francesco Datini, e alla sua società. Gli studi sui prestiti nella Londra del tardo medioevo hanno già mostrato una presenza significativa di scambi linguistici tra l’Italia e l’Inghilterra. Il corpus qui analizzato consiste di 78 lettere pubblicate da Nicolini (2020) e che, per la prima volta, in questo studio, sono oggetto di analisi linguistica. Nel corpus, sono stati individuati 25 prestiti inglesi che testimoniano un livello di scambio lessicale superiore a quanto registrato dalla precedente letteratura. Tuttavia, ci sono casi in cui l’etimo o la direzione dello scambio è dubbia e di conseguenza non facilmente identificabile. I cambiamenti morfologici dell’italiano applicati ai prestiti inglesi includono, tra i vari, anche i seguenti: la flessione aggettivale e nominale, il raddoppiamento, lo scempiamento delle consonanti doppie, l’apocope e la riduzione fonologica. I risultati offrono una prospettiva sulle proporzioni degli scambi linguistici e culturali tra nativi inglesi e mercanti italiani immigrati nel periodo immediatamente precedente il Rinascimento.

NOTICIAS / NEWS (“Transfer”, 2015) 1) CONGRESOS / CONFERENCES: 1. First Forlì International Workshop – Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The State of the Art University of Bologna at Forlì, 7-8 May 2015. http://eventi.sslmit.unibo.it/cis1/<file:///owa/redir.aspx 2. 5th IATIS Conference – Innovation Paths in Translation and Intercultural Studies, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 7-10 July 2015. www.iatis.org/index.php/iatis-belo-horizonte-conference/itemlist/category/168-call-for-communication-proposals-within-the-general-conference 3. POETRY/TRANSLATION/FILM – POÉSIE/TRADUCTION/FILM PoeTransFi, Paul Valéry University, Montpellier, France, 18-19 June 2015. http://pays-anglophones.upv.univ-montp3.fr/?page_id=1795 4. 6th International Maastricht-Lodz Duo Colloquium on “Translation and Meaning”, Maastricht School of Translation & Interpre-ting, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Maastricht, Netherlands 21-22 May 2015. www.translation-and-meaning.nl 5. MiddleWOmen. Networking and cultural mediation with and between women (1850-1950). Centre for Reception Studies (CERES), HERA Travelling TexTs project and Huygens ING KU Leuven campus Brussels 7-8 May 2015. www.receptionstudies.be 6. 5th International Symposium: Respeaking, Live Subtitling and Accessibility, Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma, Italy, 12 June 2015. www.unint.eu/it/component/content/article/8-pagina/494-respeaking-live-subtitling-and-accessibility.html 7. Conference on Law, Translation and Culture (LTC5) and Legal and Institutional Translation Seminar, University of Geneva, Switzerland 24-26 June 2015. www.unige.ch/traduction-interpretation/recherches/groupes/transius/conference2015_en.html 8. 6th International Conference Media for All – Audiovisual Translation and Media Accessibility: Global Challenges, University of Western Sydney, Australia, 16-18 September 2015. http://uws.edu.au/mediaforall 9. Translation in Exile, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 10-11 December 2015. www.cliv.be 10. Literary Translation as Creation, Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 20-21 May 2015. laurence.belingard@univ-avignon.fr marie-francoise.sanconie@univ-avignon.fr 11. 4th International Conference on Language, Medias and Culture (ICLMC 2015) 9-10 April 2015. Kyoto, Japan, www.iclmc.org 12. 9th International Colloquium on Translation Studies in Portugal – Translation & Revolution, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, 22-23 October 2015. ix.translation.revolution@gmail.com 13. Translation as Collaboration: Translaboration?, University of Westminster, London, 18 June 2015 Contact: Alexa Alfer (A.Alfer01@westminster.ac.uk), Steven Cranfield (S.Cranfield@westminster.ac.uk), Paresh Kathrani (P.Kathrani@westminster.ac.uk) 14. Translation/Interpreting Teaching and the Bologna Process: Pathways between Unity and Diversity, FTSK Germersheim, Germany 27–29 November 2015. www.fb06.uni-mainz.de/did2015/index_ENG.php 15. Atlantic Communities: Translation, Mobility, Hospitality, University of Vigo, Spain, 17-18 September 2015. http://translating.hypotheses.org/551 16. Exploring the Literary World III: Transgression and Translation in Literature Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 23-24 April 2015. www.arts.chula.ac.th/~complit/complite/?q=conference 17. Authenticity and Imitation in Translation and Culture, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland, 7 – 9 May 2015. www.swps.pl/english-version/news/conferences/12164-authenticity-and-imitation-in-translation-and-culture 18. Translation in Transition, Barnard College, New York City, USA 1-2 May 2015. barnard.edu/translation/translation-in-transition 19. First Forlì International Workshop – Corpus-based Interpreting Studies: The state of the art, University of Bologna at Forlì, Italy, 7-8 May 2015. http://eventi.sslmit.unibo.it/cis1 20. Translation and Meaning. The Lodz Session of the 6th International Maastricht-Lodz Duo Colloquium, University of Lodz, Poland, 18-19 September 2015. http://duo.uni.lodz.pl 21. TAO-CAT-2015, Université Catholique de l’Ouest, Angers, France 28-30 May 2015. www.tao2015.org/home-new 22. English Language and Literary Studies (ELLS 2015), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3-4 August 2015. http://ells2015.com 23. Talking to the World 2: The Relevance of Translation and Interpreting – Past, Present and Future, Newcastle University, UK, 10-11 September 2015. www.ncl.ac.uk/sml/study/postgraduate/T&I/2015conference/main.htm 24. 6th International Symposium for Young Researchers in Translation, Interpreting, Intercultural Studies and East Asian Studies Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain, 3 July 2015. www.fti.uab.es/departament/simposi-2015/en/index.htm 25. Portsmouth Translation Conference: Border Crossing or Border Creation?, University of Portsmouth, UK, 14 November 2015. www.port.ac.uk/translation/events/conference 26. New Perspectives in Assessment in Translation Training: Bridging the Gap between Academic and Professional Assessment, University of Westminster, London, UK, 4 September 2015. www.westminster.ac.uk/news-and-events/events/humanities/archive/2014/mlc/new-perspectives-in-assessment-in-translation-training-bridging-the-gap-between-academic-and-professional-assessment 27. III Congreso Internacional de Neología en las Lenguas Románicas University of Salamanca, 22-24 October 2015. http://diarium.usal.es/cineo2015 28. Some Holmes and Popovič in all of us? The Low Countries and the Nitra Schools in the 21st century, Constantine the Philosopher University, Nitra, Slovakia, 8-10 October 2015. Contact: igor.tyss@gmail.com 29. The Cultural Politics of Translation, Cairo, Egypt, 27-29 October 2015. https://culturalpoliticstranslation2015.wordpress.com 30. Journée d’étude « le(s) figure(s) du traducteur », Mount Royal University, Calgary, Canada, 30 April 2015. http://mrujs.mtroyal.ca/index.php/cf/index 31. Mediterranean Editors and Translators Annual Meeting —Versatility and readiness for new challenges, University of Coimbra, Portugal, 29-31 October 2015. www.metmeetings.org/en/preliminary-program:722 32. Lengua, Literatura y Traducción “liLETRAd”, University of Seville, Spain, 7-8 July 2015. http://congreso.us.es/liletrad. 33. Meta: Translators' Journal is celebrating its 60th anniversary in 2015! For the occasion, an anniversary colloquium will be held on August 19th to 21st, 2015 at the Université de Montréal (Montréal, Canada). Colloquium for the 60th Anniversary of META – 1955-2015: Les horizons de la traduction: retour vers le futur. Translation’s horizons: back to the future. Los horizontes de la traducción: regreso al futuro, August 19-21, 2015 – Université de Montréal. Please send your proposal to this address: meta60e@gmail.com, to the attention of Georges L. Bastin or Eve-Marie Gendron-Pontbrian 2) CURSOS DE POSGRADO / MASTERS: 1. Legal Translation, Master universitario di II livello in Traduzione Giuridica University of Trieste, Italy. http://apps.units.it/Sitedirectory/InformazioniSpecificheCdS/Default.aspx?cdsid=10374&ordinamento=2012&sede=1&int=web&lingua=15 2. Traducción Especializada, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain. http://estudios.uoc.edu/es/masters-posgrados-especializaciones/master/artes-humanidades/traduccion-especializada/presentacion 3. Online course: La Traducción Audiovisual y el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Extranjeras, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, 1st December 2014 to 31st May 2015. http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7385 https://canal.uned.es/mmobj/index/id/21174 Contact: Noa Talaván (ntalavan@flog.uned.es), José Javier Ávila (javila@flog.uned.es) 4. Online course: Audio Description and Its Use in the Foreign Language Classroom, UNED, Madrid, Spain http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7492 5. Online course: Curso de Formación de Profesorado, La Traducción Audiovisual y el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Extranjeras UNED, Madrid, Spain. http://formacionpermanente.uned.es/tp_actividad/idactividad/7385 6. EST Training Seminar for Translation Teachers, Kraków, Poland 29 June – 3 July 2015. www.est-translationstudies.org/events/2015_seminar_teachers/index.html 7. Train the Trainer -Teaching MT: EAMT-funded Workshop, Dublin City University, 30 April- 1 May 2015. https://cttsdcu.wordpress.com/eamt-workshop-on-teaching-mt-to-translator-trainers-30-april-1-may 3) CURSOS DE VERANO / SUMMER COURSES: 1. 2015 Nida School of Translation Studies, Leading Edges in Translation: World Literature and Performativity, San Pellegrino University Foundation campus, Misano Adriatico, Italy, 18-29 may 2015. http://nsts.fusp.it/Nida-Schools/NSTS-2015 2. EMUNI Translation Studies Doctoral and Teacher Training Summer School, University of Turku, Finland, 1-12 June 2015. www.utu.fi/en/units/hum/units/languages/EASS/Pages/home.aspx 3. Chinese-English Translation and Interpretation, School of Translation and Interpretation, University of Ottawa, Canada, 13th July – 7th August 7 2015. http://arts.uottawa.ca/translation/summer-programs 4. Summer Program in Translation Pedagogy, University of Ottawa 13 July – 7 August 2015. http://arts.uottawa.ca/translation/summer-programs 4) LIBROS / BOOKS: 1. Audio Description: New Perspectives Illustrated, Edited by Anna Maszerowska, Anna Matamala and Pilar Orero, John Benjamins, 2014. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/btl.112/main 2. Call for papers: Translation Studies in Africa and beyond: Reconsidering the Postcolony, Editors: J Marais & AE Feinauer Contacts: Kobus Marais (jmarais@ufs.ac.za) or Ilse Feinauer (aef@sun.ac.za). 4. Measuring live subtitling quality: Results from the second sampling exercise, Ofcom, UK. http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/consultations/subtitling/sampling-results-2 5. A Training Handbook for Legal and Court Interpreters in Australia by Mary Vasilakakos, ISBN 978-0-9925873-0-7, Publisher: Language Experts Pty Ltd. www.interpreterrevalidationtraining.com www.languageexperts.com.au 6. Call for papers: Opera and Translation: Eastern and Western Perspectives, Edited by Adriana Serban and Kelly Kar Yue Chan http://pays-anglophones.upv.univ-montp3.fr/?page_id=1908 7. The Known Unknowns of Translation Studies, Edited by Elke Brems, Reine Meylaerts and Luc van Doorslaer, Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2014. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/bct.69/main 8. Translating the Voices of Theory/ La traduction des voi de la théorie Edited by Isabelle Génin and Ida Klitgård, 2014. www.hf.uio.no/ilos/english/research/groups/Voice-in-Translation/ 9. Authorial and Editorial Voices in Translation 1 - Collaborative Relationships between Authors, Translators, and Performers, Eds. Hanne Jansen and Anna Wegener, 2014. http://editionsquebecoisesdeloeuvre.ca/data/documents/AEVA-Flyer-1-190895-Vita-Traductiva-Vol-2-Flyer-EN-100413.pdf 10. Authorial and Editorial Voices in Translation 2 - Editorial and Publishing Practices, Eds. Hanne Jansen and Anna Wegener, 2014. www.editionsquebecoisesdeloeuvre.ca/accueil 11. Call for papers: Achieving Consilience. Translation Theories and Practice. https://cfpachievingconsilience.wordpress.com 12. Framing the Interpreter. Towards a visual perspective. Anxo Fernández-Ocampo & Michaela Wolf (eds.), 2014, London: Routledge. http://routledge-ny.com/books/details/9780415712743 13. Multilingual Information Management: Information, Technology and Translators, Ximo Granell, 2014. http://store.elsevier.com/Multilingual-Information-Management/Ximo-Granell-/isbn-9781843347712/ 14. Writing and Translating Francophone Discourse: Africa, The Caribbean, Diaspora, Paul F. Bandia (ed.), 2014, Amsterdam, Rodopi www.brill.com/products/book/writing-and-translating-francophone-discourse 15. Call for papers (collective volumen): Translation studies in Africa and beyond: Reconsidering the postcolony www.facebook.com/notes/mona-baker/translation-studies-in-africa-and-beyond-reconsidering-the-postcolony/743564399051495 16. Audiovisual Translation in the Digital Age - The Italian Fansubbing Phenomenon, By Serenella Massidda, Palgrave Connect, 2015. www.palgrave.com/page/detail/audiovisual-translation-in-the-digital-age-serenella-massidda/?k=9781137470362 17. Video: First International SOS-VICS Conference - Building communication bridges in gender violence, University of Vigo, Spain 25-26 September 2014. http://cuautla.uvigo.es/CONSOS/ 18. Camps, Assumpta. Traducción y recepción de la literatura italiana, Publicacions i Edicions UB, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-475-3776-1. 19. Camps, Assumpta. Italia en la prensa periódica durante el franquismo, Publicacions i Edicions UB, 2014. ISBN: 978-84-475-3753-2. 5) REVISTAS / JOURNALS: Call for papers: “Altre Modernità – Rivista di studi letterarie e culturali” Special Issue: Ideological Manipulation in Audiovisual Translation, Contact: irene.ranzato@uniroma.it. http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/AMonline/announcement/view/381 2. Call for papers: “Between, Journal of the Italian Association of Comparative Literature”. Special issue on censorship and self-censorship. http://ojs.unica.it/index.php/between/pages/view/CFP9_censura_auto-censura 3. Open access journal, “Hieronymus, A Journal of Translation Studies and Terminology”, Croatia. www.ffzg.unizg.hr/hieronymus 4. “DIE SCHNAKE. Zeitschrift für Sprachkritik, Satire, Literatur”, Number 39+40, Kleines ABC des Literaturübersetzens. www.rainer-kohlmayer.de 5. Call for papers: “MonTI” 8 (2016) - Economic, Financial and Business Translation: from Theory to Training and Professional Practice. http://dti.ua.es/es/monti-english/monti-authors.html daniel.gallego@ua.es 6. Call for papers: “LINGUISTICA ANTVERPIENSIA”, NEW SERIES -Themes in Translation Studies (15/2016). Interpreting in Conflict Situations and in Conflict Zones throughout History. https://lans.ua.ac.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/announcement 7. Call for papers: “CULTUS: The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication” (8/2016). The Intercultural Question and the Interpreting Professions. www.cultusjournal.com 8. Call for papers: “The Journal of Specialised Translation” Non-thematic issue, Issue 26, July 2016. www.jostrans.org 9. “TranscUlturAl: A journal of Translation and Culture Studies”, Special issue Translating Street Art. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC/issue/view/1634 10. “Przekładaniec 28: Audiodeskrypcja [Audio Description]”, edited by Anna Jankowska and Agnieszka Szarkowska. All papers are published in Polish, with English abstracts. www.ejournals.eu/Przekladaniec/zakladka/66/ 11. Call for papers: “Lingvisticæ Investigationes”, Special issue on Spanish Phraseology: Varieties and Variations. http://dti.ua.es/es/documentos/li-call-for-papers-spanish-phraseology-varieties-and-variations.pdf Further details: Pedro.mogorron@ua.es; xblancoe@gmail.com 13. Call for papers: “Revista de Lenguas para Fines Específicos”, Special issue on The Translation of Advertising. Contact: Laura Cruz (lcruz@dis.ulpgc.es). Deadline: 20th July 2015. www.webs.ulpgc.es/lfe 14. “The AALITRA Review”. www.nla.gov.au/openpublish/index.php/ALLITRA 15. “Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E” www.cttl.org/cttl-e-2014.html 16. Call for papers: “Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E”. www.cttl.org 18. Call for papers: “Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts”, Volume 1, Number 2, 2015 Deadline: 10-Jan-2015. https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/ttmc/main 19. Call for book reviews: “TRANS. Revista de Traductología,” vol.19, 2015. Deadline: Friday, 30th January 2015. www.trans.uma.es trans@uma.es 20. Call for papers: “a journal of literature, culture and literary Translation”. Special volume – Utopia and Political Theology Today Deadline: 15th January 2015. Contact: sic.journal.contact@gmail.com https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/01 21. “trans-kom”. www.trans-kom.eu 22. “Linguistica Antverpiensia” NS-TTS 13/2014: Multilingualism at the cinema and on stage: A translation perspective, Edited by Reine Meylaerts and Adriana Şerban. https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/issue/current 23. Call for papers: 5th issue (2015) of “Estudios de Traducción”, Deadline: 20 February 2015. www.ucm.es/iulmyt/revista 24. Call for papers: “Journal of Translation Studies” - special issue on Translator & Interpreter Education in East Asia. KATS (Korean Association of Translation Studies), www.kats.or.kr (Go to 'English' page). Contact: Won Jun Nam (wonjun_nam@daum.net, wjnam@hufs.ac.kr). 25. “The Journal of Specialised Translation”, 23, January 2015. www.jostrans.org 26. Call for papers: “TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies”. Deadline: 15 March 2015. http://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/TC/announcement 27. “New Voices in Translation Studies”, Issue 11 (Fall 2014). www.iatis.org/index.php/publications/new-voices-in-translation-studies/item/1034-issue11-2014 28. “The Interpreter and Translator Trainer”, 8:3 (2014). Special issue: Dialogue Interpreting in practice: bridging the gap between empirical research and interpreter education E. Davitti and S. Pasquandrea (eds.) www.tandfonline.com/toc/ritt20/current#.VLQHuyvF-So 6) WEBS DE INTERÉS / WEBSITES OF INTEREST: 1. Support Spanish interpreters to secure the right to translation and interpreting in criminal proceedings: www.change.org/p/pablo-casado-retiren-el-proyecto-de-ley-org%C3%A1nica-que-modifica-la-lecrim

El advenimiento de la aldea global y los procesos acaecidos durante la segunda mitad del S.XX han provocado un auge notable de estudios y una redefinición de función que cumple la traducción como práctica social e indicador de tradiciones de lecturas y como el paradigma de toda práctica de intermediación lingüística, semiótica y cultural. Re-visión sobre todo de: 1) el papel del traductor en las operaciones de escritura y re-escritura en el entramado cultural; 2) la compleja relación que se establece entre textos y versiones, 3) la incidencia de la traducción en la conformación o redefinición de una tradición o sistema literario y 4) el papel que juegan los marcos culturales de partida y de llegada en la determinación de su validación. Desde los parámetros de los estudios comparados es interesante analizar estas operaciones por el modo en que, aún la traducción intralingüística, permite hacer visibles fenómenos de interferencia y de intraducibilidad que pueden sólo ser explicados en función del contexto y de las matrices culturales que dan marco de referencia. Proponemos entonces, desde el juego homofónico de "traducción, tradición y tra-dicción", analizar algunos casos paradigmáticos que ponen de relieve la incidencia de las matrices culturales europeas en la conformación idiosincrática argentina y los efectos diversos de lectura que este fenómeno inter-fiere.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los cambios sociopolíticos y culturales que ha tenido la ciudad de Berlín a lo largo de la historia reciente. Se ha enfocado el análisis como fenómeno histórico en sus múltiples facetas, analizando la situación sociohistórica a través de algunas obras literarias que han sido fundamentales para entender la evolución cultural de Berlín desde principios del siglo XX hasta la caída del muro.

El artículo trata del dilema de la traducción en tanto modelo de intercambio de bienes culturales. Presenta una reflexión sobre la traducción como resultado de travesías y diáspora en los cuales los contactos entre pueblos, comunidades y naciones estimula creaciones de códigos conmensurables de entendimientos mutuos y mixturas tensionales de tradiciones. Dado que la traducción ha jugado un papel crucial en la gestación de nuevos conocimientos y en la más amplia comprensión de otras culturas en diferentes épocas, ha habilitado las lenguas para transportar memorias culturales. Más bien que la mera suplantación de vocablos, lo que el traductor pone en práctica son sus capacidades de intensificar la comprensión y la mediación intercultural a través de las fronteras temporales y geográficas. Es ese el modo en que la traducción forma parte de la historia cultural de humanidad. El artículo incluye también un modelo teórico-metodológico para la traducción de textos literarios.

El surgimiento de la nueva industria de servicios lingüísticos derápido crecimiento conocida como "localización" representa unfenómeno cultural interesante. Examino esta industria desde laperspectiva de prácticas culturales variadas que orbitan alrededor dela noción de traducción y adaptación, identificando una fuertepolaridad corresponsal contra adaptativa. Utilizando ejemplos deadaptaciones japonesas del siglo XIX de textos occidentales, observocómo la dinámica contemporánea del mercado favoreció lasadaptaciones sobre las traducciones correspondientes. A la luz de lasprácticas de localización contemporáneas, sugiero que la aparición dela industria de la "localización" en el mercado global actual nos ayudaa reconsiderar el importante papel que juega la adaptación dentro deldominio de la traducción.

In the complex existing relations between translation and culture, this article intends not only to analyze some of the issues involved in the so-called “cultural translation”, but to point out the strategic role of the translator as a cultural mediator in the whole process.

Objective: International reverse transfer students are international students who begin their postsecondary journey at a four-year institution but subsequently transfer to a community college. In this qualitative study, we examine the lived experiences of international reverse transfers to understand the reasons for reverse-transfer and to understand the students’ learning experiences. Methods: Using a phenomenological approach, we recruited 10 international reverse transfer students attending one four-year university or one of the two community colleges. We conducted individual interviews with all participants and analyzed transcript data through Bourdieu’s sociological theory of field, habitus, and social and cultural capital. Results: We identified three types of international reverse transfer students: undergraduate reverse transfers, temporary reverse transfers, and postbaccalaureate reverse transfers. Each type reported different reasons for reverse transfer but shared similar influential factors of the reverse transfer process as well as the learning experiences while enrolled at the community colleges. Contributions: This study helps to fill an information and research gap regarding international reverse transfer students. We present the academic, social, and cultural challenges faced by international students and offer practical implications for higher education practitioners for improved understandings and better processes to serve international students from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Después de la muerte de Francisco Franco, en pleno auge de losmovimientos sociales y culturales de la mujer, emergieron editorialesy colecciones feministas. En Barcelona, en 1977 nacía elespacio híbrido y polivalente, entre cultural y político, café-barlaSal y, un año más tarde, se fundaba la primera editorial feministadel Estado, laSal, edicions de les dones (1978-1990).En este artículo, después de contextualizar los feminismosde los años setenta y ochenta y resumir brevemente el catálogo delaSal, edicions de les dones, así como destacar su modo detrabajar “en relación”, estudiaremos las dos colecciones que laeditorial dedicó al ensayo feminista: laSal Ensayo (1978-1989) yCuadernos Inacabados (1981-1988). Ambos proyectos incorporarontextos de autoras autóctonas y foráneas. Comprobaremos que,con el objetivo de luchar contra la orfandad materna crónica quehabía impuesto el franquismo, la importación de literatura feministaextranjera fue clave para restaurar la memoria histórica delas mujeres y crear debate sobre su identidad.

CAMPS, Assumpta. Traducción e industrias culturales; reseña del libro: Montero Domínguez, Xoán (ed.) (2014). Traducción e industrias culturales. Nuevas perspectivas de análisis. Prólogo de Antonio Bueno García. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 160 páginas.

La tesi è strutturata in tre capitoli principali: Stato dell’arte: in questo capitolo si presenta il tema dell’Intelligenza Artificiale, del Machine Learning e del Deep Learning approfondendo il mondo delle Reti Neurali Convoluzionali. Oltre ad un’analisi sulla struttura e l’utilizzo di queste tecnologie, viene spiegato il perché sia corretto un loro impiego per la risoluzione del problema di classificazione e riconoscimento dei monumenti. Un’ultima sezione è dedicata ai lavori correlati mettendo in mostra le potenzialità delle CNN ed i risultati ottenuti in articoli affini al tema dei beni culturali. Progettazione: in questo capitolo vengono descritte le tecnologie e le architetture utilizzate. Nella prima sezione viene descritto e analizzato il dominio del problema, nelle sezioni successive vengono trattate le tecnologie impiegate per lo sviluppo e la risoluzione dei problemi legati alla Rete Neurale Convoluzionale. Un capitolo fondamentale in cui vengono gettate le basi per la vera e propria implementazione dei concetti descritti. Implementazione e testing: in questo capitolo avviene l’implementazione del codice con conseguenti considerazioni da effettuare. Riveste un ruolo chiave in quanto vengono mostrati i risultati ottenuti dalle diverse architetture andando ad individuare e selezionare il modello migliore. In seguito alla valutazione del modello si procede con una fase di testing per verificare il corretto funzionamento della rete. Al termine di questi capitoli che rappresentano il corpo della tesi, è presente un paragrafo conclusivo dedicato alle trattazioni finali con relative considerazioni sul prototipo ottenuto. In aggiunta vengono evidenziati quelli che possono essere gli sviluppi futuri del progetto.

This Thesis presents some of the most important results obtained in the PhD that concern with multispectral satellite remote sensing, radiative transfer modelling, aerosol optical properties and some related applications. The research activities have been supported by and performed in collaboration with Flyby S.r.l., a small Italian company devoted to applied research and innovative technology development in remote sensing that fully funded the PhD. The effects of atmospheric aerosols on the solar radiative transfer have been investigated by exploiting both satellite optical imagery and ground-based solar radiation measurements. In particular cloudless-sky conditions have been taken into account in order to focus aerosols impact on radiative transfer avoiding the clouds related effects. The simultaneous observation of solar radiation “below” and “above” the aerosols layer in cloudless-sky conditions showed a correlation between aerosols amount in the atmosphere (revealed also by ground-based measurements) and the spectral radiance observed by two infrared channels of the satellite optical sensor. This has been extremely important for the development of an innovative method for the satellite-based near real-time solar radiation monitoring taking also into account aerosols impact. Besides, also the effects of clouds on solar radiation have been modelled, leading to several applications in the fields of renewable energies and healthcare. In particular a methodology for the near real-time monitoring of the performances of solar energy plants has been developed: satellite-based solar irradiance at ground and an analytic modelling of the solar plant allows a near-real time evaluation of plant’s performances. Moreover, an application dedicated to the satellite-based monitoring of UV effects on human skin has been developed. This application starts from the near-real time calculation of UV erythemal dose and provides a “safe sun exposure time” for avoiding sunburns or other skin diseases (such as melanoma).

Ma recherche interroge les transferts culturels produits entre la France et l’Italie au XVIIe siècle en ce qui concerne la culture chorégraphique, avant que la belle dance française ne s’impose comme norme de référence à l’échelle européenne. Me plaçant dans la lignée d’études promue par J. Sasportes et S. Mamone sur l’appréhension de la culture spectaculaire de l’époque moderne au-delà des limites nationales, je considère qu’une analyse des processus migratoires des artistes au cours du XVIIe siècle aide à redéfinir l’émergence des styles comme le résultat d’un dialogue culturel vigoureux. En ce sens, la notion de transfert culturel – tirée de l’histoire croisée (Werner et Zimmerman) – vient éclaircir les références kinésiques communes entre France et Italie à l’intérieur d’un contexte de circulation (des personnes et des savoir-faire) et d’un processus multiple d’appropriation, de configuration, parfois aussi de résistance à l’intégration d’éléments chorétiques d’autrui. Suivant ces propos, j’ai resserré l’étude sur les riches échanges entre la République de Venise et Paris dans la culture dramaturgique et dans la danse théâtrale et sociale, dans une période comprise entre 1637 (naissance du théâtre public vénitien) et 1728 (publication du Trattato del ballo nobile de Dufort). Suivant la démarche qualitative et inductive de l’anthropologie historique (C. Ginzburg, P. Burke), j’ai envisagé le théâtre public vénitien et son ballo teatrale (I. Alm) comme contre-modèles à la tradition historiographique du ballet français – souvent érigée comme la seule expérience significative de l’époque. Me détachant des catégories taxinomiques de « Renaissance », « Baroque » ou « ballet de cour » (B. Sparti), j’ai retracé les dénominations générées par les discours internes à l’art et transmises par ses acteurs. En plus de sonder les traditions et les relations du « ballet » et du « ballo », la thèse interroge les médiations culturelles entre France et Italie via les emprunts linguistiques de la langue française à la langue italienne (E. Kougioumtzoglou- Roucher), voire via les emprunts cinétiques de la belle dance au vocabulaire technique italien. Cette analyse comparative est accompagnée par un travail de réappropriation corporelle du vocabulaire ancien, l’articulation entre théorie et pratique étant au cœur de la méthodologie des études en danse
My research questions the cultural transfers between France and Italy in the XVIIth century in the respect of choreographic culture, before French belle dance was imposed as the standard reference on a European scale. Placing myself in the line of studies promoted by J. Sasportes and S. Mamone on the understanding the spectacular culture of the modern era beyond national boundaries, I consider that an analysis of the migratory processes of artists during the XVIIth century could help to redefine the emergency of styles as the result of vigorous cultural dialogues. In this sense, the notion of cultural transfer – drawn from the gekreuzte Geschichte (Werner and Zimmerman) – clarifies the kinetic common references between France and Italy within a context of circulation (of people and expertise) and a multiple process of appropriation, configuration, sometimes also resistance to the integration of choretic elements. Following these remarks, I tightened up the study on the rich exchanges between the Republic of Venice and Paris in the culture of dramaturgy and of theatrical and social dance, in a period between 1637 (birth of the Venetian public theatre) and 1728 (publication of Trattato del Ballo Nobile by Dufort). Following the deliberately qualitative and inductive approach of historical anthropology (C. Ginzburg, P. Burke), I looked at the Venetian public theatre and its ballo teatrale (I. Alm) more specifically as a counter-model to the historiographical tradition of French ballet – often erected as the only experience significant at the time. Also, wanting to get rid of the taxonomic categories of "Renaissance", "Baroque" or "ballet de cour" (B. Sparti), I retraced the denominations generated by internal discourses to the art and transmitted by the actors. In addition to probing the traditions and relations of "ballet" and "ballo", the thesis questions the cultural mediations between France and Italy via linguistic borrowing from the French language to the Italian language (E. Kougioumtzoglou-Roucher), even via the borrowing of kinetic units, and driving content of the belle dance to the Italian technical vocabulary. This comparative analysis is accompanied by a work of physical reappropriation of ancient vocabulary, the articulation between theory and practice being at the very heart of the methodology of dance studies

Cette thèse explore et analyse l’œuvre littéraire et artistique de plusieurs artistes et écrivains qui ont eu un lien avec le mouvement surréaliste et se sont exilés au Mexique. Les œuvres de Remedios Varo, Leonora Carrington, Wolfgang Paalen, Alice Rahon, Kati Horna, José Horna, Benjamin Péret, César Moro et Luis Buñuel sont pour plusieurs méconnues ou peu accessibles au grand public. Leurs archives sont dispersées dans le monde et parfois ignorées. Nous avons entrepris de reconstituer une chronologie de cet épisode spécifique de leur vie, d’inventorier leurs œuvres, en particulier celles des années d’exil au Mexique (1938-1963), de montrer le dialogue esthétique qui s’est créé dans le moment exceptionnel de leur rencontre au Mexique, à la fois à partir de leur passé surréaliste et du cœur même de l’expérience exilique qu’ils partagent. Les préoccupations, les activités et les relations qui rapprochent ces artistes conduisent à s’interroger sur la possible définition d’un mouvement. Leurs interactions amicales et artistiques suggèrent, pour un temps au moins, la détermination de points communs esthétiques, littéraires et culturels. Le creuset créatif de leur exil commun est aussi un point de départ pour analyser la réception de ces œuvres et se demander s’il existe une poétique de l’exil spécifique à ces artistes qui ont vécu en proximité sur le sol mexicain. Pour traiter cette question, cette thèse analyse les représentations communes à ces artistes et observe le rôle déterminant qu’ils ont sur l’art et la littérature latino-américains de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle
This thesis intends to explore and analyse the literary and visual work of a number of exiled artists and writers who have a particular link with the surrealist movement, and fled to Mexico. Several elements of the work of Remedios Varo, Leonora Carrington, Wolfgang Paalen, Alice Rahon, Kati Horna, José Horna, Benjamin Péret, César Moro and Luis Buñuel are often unknown or rarely accessible to a large public. Their archives are scattered around the world and are often ignored. Our aim is to establish a chronological reconstitution of their lives, to inventory their work –particularly from 1938 to 1963, focusing on the exile phase – as well as to examine the aesthetic dialogue between them. The basis, activities and relationships that connect these artists come not only from their surrealist past but also from the exile they share; nevertheless, their interactions challenge their connection as a group. Their artworks communicate with each other and their exile is our starting point in order to analyse the reception of these works. Is there an inherent poetry of the exile in the work of these artists? We will answer this question by studying their common representations and by observing their strong influence in Latin American art and literature from the second half of the 20th century

La maison d’édition et de librairie Treuttel & Würtz a joué un rôle décisif dans les échanges internationaux au tournant des XVIIIe / XIXe siècles. c étaient non seulement les éditeurs de B. Constant, J. W. Goethe et G. de Staël, mais aussi les fournisseurs des grandes bibliothèques européennes en publications venant de l’étranger (p. ex. les bibliothèques royales à Paris, Berlin et Londres, la bibliothèque du marquis de Paulmy, celle de Weimar et celle de l’université de Göttingen). L’essor de la maison est lié à la nouvelle conception de l’image du libraire à Strasbourg à l’époque des Lumières : il est le médiateur entre l’auteur et le public, et entre les différentes cultures entre lesquelles il anime un marché du livre transnational. D’origine strasbourgeoise et avec des établissements à Strasbourg, Paris et Londres, les dirigeants de Treuttel & Würtz répondent pleinement à ce modèle. La valorisation du livre et de son contenu, et la relation étroite entretenue avec l’élite culturelle et politique de l’époque, leur ont permis de bénéficier de privilèges extraordinaires, dont une licence de commerce avec l’Angleterre sous l’Empire, et un intéressement dans la création de nouvelles bibliothèques publiques. Par leur intégration aux élites de l’université et de la culture, ils ont pu encourager les discours littéraires transculturels, et la naissance des philologies modernes. Cette thèse est conçue dans une perspective interdisciplinaire : elle articule l’histoire du livre, l’histoire transnationale et l’histoire des transferts avec l’histoire littéraire, et elle ouvre la monographie d’une maison d’édition vers un tableau socioculturel de l’Europe autour de 1800
The international bookselling company Treuttel & Würtz played a crucial role in intercultural exchange. It has not only published numerous authors of the French Académie française, and other important writers such as J. W. Goethe or G. de Staël, but also supplied foreign books to prestigious libraries (for example the Royal Libraries in France, Prussia and Great Britain or the Bodleian Library in Oxford). Establishing close ties with the political and cultural elites of the time, the company benefited from unique privileges such as a trade license with the United Kingdom during Napoléon’s continental system. Originally from Strasbourg and perfectly bilingual, the founders continuously expanded the company: in addition to the already existing branch in Strasbourg, they opened a second one in Paris in 1796, and a third in London in 1817. The partners considered the international exchange as their personal vocation and used the medium of the book to materialize their commitment. In this sense, they also devoted their publishing house to the service of the exchange of social and political ideas, literature, and philosophy. Treuttel and Würtz’s commitment to the transnational literary discourse ultimately also influenced the formation of new academic fields around 1800 such as the modern philologies. This thesis builds on an interdisciplinary perspective by combining the French tradition of Book History, with transnational approaches, Cultural Transfer and Romance Studies

Contrairement aux autres sports collectifs introduits en France dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle, le handball prend son essor en France durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Passant d’une pratique d’entraînement hivernal des athlètes, à une pratique professionnelle au début du XXIe siècle, notre objet de recherche cherche à expliquer les processus d’intégration et de diffusion de cette pratique en France, tant sur le plan géopolitique que technico-tactique. À partir d’une diversité de sources, (archives institutionnelles, témoignages de 25 acteurs, coupures de presse et périodiques handballistiques), trois perspectives sont envisagées (institutionnelle, sociale et culturelle), identifiant quatre étapes dans la construction du handball français. Après une première phase d’importation, grâce à deux vecteurs de diffusion principaux, le sport ouvrier et le sport scolaire, se situant à des échelles et des vitesses différentes, la FFHB est créée par le régime de Vichy, associé à quelques professeurs d’EP conquis par cette nouvelle activité de football à la main qui se pratique alors à 7 ou 11 joueurs. Puis, lorsque le handball à 7 devient majoritaire, sa représentation culturelle se transforme, passant d’une somme de techniques individuelles à maîtriser à la nécessité de prendre en considération les adversaires et les partenaires. Cette révolution est largement soutenue par la DTN dans les années 1960 et 1970, en lien avec les considérations scientifiques présentes en France et à l’étranger, pendant que Nelson Paillou conçoit la massification des licenciés et la structuration du système fédéral selon une logique amateur. La chute du bloc de l’Est et le choix des dirigeants et entraîneurs fédéraux, de privilégier le haut niveau contribuent aux premiers succès français tout en ouvrant l’ère de la marchandisation et de la spectacularisation à partir des années 1990. Néanmoins, à l’aube du XXIe siècle, le handball finit par s’abstraire des modèles étrangers et rejoint le développement des autres sports collectifs en professionnalisant ses structures et ses acteurs
Unlike the other team sports brought to France in the second half of the 19th century, handball thrived in France between the First and the Second World Wars. It has moved since then from a winter training practice to become a professional activity at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of our research is to explain the integration and propagation processes of this sport, with geopolitical as well as technical and tactical considerations. A variety of sources have been investigated – institutional archives, testimonies of 25 stakeholders, press articles, periodicals about handball – with regards to three axis – institutional, social and cultural – ; four stages have been identified in the development of handball in France. The first phase is the importation of handball through two dissemination vectors that have different scales and paces: the sport of the working class and school sport. The Vichy government creates the FFHB, which is associated to a few Physical Education teachers that are captivated by this new activity – football played with hands in teams of 7 or 11 players. Then, when the handball is mainly played in teams of 7, its cultural representation changes: it goes from a superposition of individual technics to the need of taking into consideration teammates and opponents. This revolution is supported by the national technical direction in the 1960’s and 1970’s and is linked to the scientific thoughts in France and abroad ; meanwhile, Nelson Paillou makes handball available to the masses and structures the federal system with the objective to promote non professional handball. With the collapse of the communist bloc, federal managers and trainers choose to favour high-level sport and contribute to the first French successes. From the 1990’s, they also start developing the commercial aspect and the spectacle aspect of the sport. However, at the dawn of the 21st century, handball finally moves away from international models and follows the development of the other team sports with a more professional structure and stakeholders

Bien que la globalisation culturelle laisse supposer qu'il soit possible de produire et de recevoir de façon égalitaire des informations partout dans le monde, les cartes du savoir sont en réalité caractérisées par un déséquilibre énorme. Le projet analyse ce phénomène en s’appuyant sur l‘exemple du transfert trilatéral de la littérature académique africaine en France et en Allemagne depuis les années cinquantes. D’une part, le but principal de ce projet est de relever la quasi totalité des livres et recueils universitaires en sciences sociales et humaines rédigés par des intellectuels africains et publiés dans des maisons d’édition allemandes et françaises. D’autre part, l’analyse des résultats quantitatives est basée sur une approche macro-perspective en s’appuyant sur les études qualitatives sur le sujet préexistantes. L’analyse quantitative et la classification des résultats ainsi que leur interprétation permettent actuellement d’obtenir des connaissances étonnantes, non seulement sur des continuités et discontinuités dans la publication de la littérature universitaire en provenance d’Afrique sur une période d‘environ soixante ans, mais également sur les profils géographiques, thématiques et temporels des maisons d’édition ainsi que sur leurs préférences personnelles, éditoriales et linguistiques. Grâce à la collection de données, le filtrage, le traitement ultérieur et la visualisation, nous pouvons alors comprendre quelle « Afrique scientifique » a finalement été transmise et importée, pour la période définie (1950-2012), à ces deux marchés du livre. Cette approche permet d’envisager de nouvelles hypothèses et interprétations pour l’analyse de la circulation du savoir africain, à l’instar des publications en sciences sociales et humaines. Une approche établie pour la recherche sur le franchissement culturel des frontières constitue le concept de transfert culturel. Pour ce travail, le concept fournit des approches théoriques et pratiques essentielles. En combinant différentes méthodes pour lesquelles les « digital humanities » ont été de plus en plus souvent sollicitées, l’approche méthodologique va vers une reconstruction complète du transfert, en utilisant aussi bien les analyses quantitatives que qualitatives
Even though international interconnectedness and globalization evoke the idea of being able to produce and receive knowledge equally all over the world, the maps of knowledge are unevenly distributed on a global scale. My dissertation project analyses this phenomenon by examining the trilateral, multidimensional transfer of African academic literature to Germany and France since the 1950s.The research interest of this project is to determine and organize the entire spectrum of publications from the social sciences and the humanities written by African authors and published in German and French publishing houses. The quantitative analysis on a macro level is based on already existing qualitative studies in the field. The quantitative analysis and the classification of the results give valuable knowledge about continuities and discontinuities in the publication of African academic literature over the span of six decades (1950-2012). The research further examines and elaborates upon geographical, thematic, and temporal profiles of the publishing houses as well as their personal, editorial, and linguistic preferences. By means of collecting, filtering, processing, and visualizing the data, it is possible to find out what kind of “academic Africa” has finally reached the two national book markets. This approach helps to identify new hypotheses and interpretations concerning the circulation of African knowledge in general through the specific example of academic literature from the social sciences and the humanities. Providing important theoretical and practical approaches for this project, the concept of cultural transfers is an established approach for analysing cultural border crossings between countries and regions. The methodological approach combines different methods and, for the data processing, includes examples from the digital humanities to realize an all-embracing reconstruction of the entire transfer process in both a quantitative and qualitative sense

Au moment décisif de l'histoire culturelle franco-américaine où s'inverse la hiérarchie des capitales artistiques entre Paris et New York, le Nouveau Roman français connaissait une certaine fortune aux États-Unis, en particulier dans la communauté artistique regroupée autour de l'Art Minimal. À la faveur d'un double transfert - du champ littéraire vers le champ artistique et de la France vers les États-Unis -, le Nouveau Roman retenait l'attention d'une partie de l'art américain, qui tentait de se construire contre l'art européen du XIXe siècle mais avec la littérature française de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle. Fondé sur une somme d'indices fournis par ces artistes et complétée par des enquêtes historiques et sociologiques, une collecte d'articles, une recherche théorique et des études d’œuvres significatives, ce travail tente d'expliquer les raisons de cette fortune et d'analyser les aboutissements théoriques et esthétiques de la réception du Nouveau Roman par le milieu artistique américain
In an key Franco-American cultural and historical moment when New York takes Paris's place as the world artistic capital, the French New Novel achieved certain successs in the United States, especially in the Minimal Art community. Owing to a double transfer – from the literary field to the artistic field and from France to America -, some American artists drew attention to the French New Novel. While they were developing their art against 19th century european art, they created it with 20th century French literature. This work is based on an amount of clues given by these artists, supplented by historical and sociological investigations, a collection of articles, a theorethical research, and studies of significant works of art, in an attempt to understand the reasons of this success and the theorethical and aesthetic realizations of the reception of the New Novel by the American artistic milieu

What was the perception of Greece in Europe during the later nineteenth century, when the attraction of romantic philhellenism had waned? This volume focuses on the reception of medieval and modern Greece in the European press, rigorously analysing journals and newspapers published in England, France, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands. The essays here suggest that reactions to the Greek state's progress and irredentist desires were followed among the European intelligentsia. Concurrently, new scholarship on the historical development of the Greek language and vernacular literature enhanced the image of medieval and modern Greece. This volume's contributors consider the press's role in this Europewide exchange of ideas, explore the links between romantic and late philhellenism and underscore the scholarly nature of the latter. Moreover, they highlight the human aspects of cultural transfers by focusing on networks of mediators, publishers and scholarly collaborators. This context enhances our understanding of both the creation of Hellenic studies and the complex formation of the modern Greek identity.

Culturemes are the markers of the source culture, which can reach the reader in the target language only through the ability of the translator, who must, in fact, be a great connoisseur of the most hidden cultural details. For the transposition of a foreign culture into a new culture, for a proper communication between them, a loan is needed, retrieval and processing of information so that it is accepted. The motivation behind this study is to provide an overview of how to approach culturemes in the translation of works of contemporary Chinese literature in Romanian, works characterized by great linguistic and extra-linguistic generosity. In order to achieve this goal, we followed the stages of identifying the culturemes from thirty-one Chinese contemporary novels translated in Romanian; followed by creating a corpus based on fourteen categories and five equivalence methods to ensure the cultural equivalence, coherence and homogeneity of Chinese works recreated for the Romanian reader. Finally, we performed an in-depth study of a selection of culturemes from each category, with the aim of showing their distribution in the Romanian translation of Chinese fiction. The study intends to provoke but also to help raise the awareness that translations are not only transpositions (by this we mean moving from one linguistic register to another without operating the text as part of a cultural whole, approaching it externally to all of its sources of influence from the culture in which it has been created) of a work in another language, but they have the primary role of enriching knowledge about one's culture, civilization, literature – i.e. China’s cultural heritage for the present study. Culturally-aware literary translations are the most effective and most stable manner of intercultural exchange, of international prosperity of a culture, of understanding and acknowledging the cultural specifics of one nation. The intertextual references – the culturemes – studied, are part, as will be presented, of all cultural spheres, from those denoting the daily life of the Chinese, the food and basic needs, to those denoting holidays, toponymy, units of measurement, history, but also those that are politically motivated, while also spiritual, subtle, erudite, which only close study, extensive knowledge and diligent work can drive the translator to find and transfer them to the target reader.

North-eastern Neo-Aramaic (also known as NENA) languages and literature are a prosperous and encouraging field of research. They abound with oral traditions and expressions that incorporate various spoken forms including everyday language, tales, songs, chants, prayers, proverbs, and more. These are used to transfer culture, knowledge, and community values. Some types of oral forms are idioms and fixed expressions. Idioms are extremely problematic to translate for a number of reasons, including: cultural and linguistic differences between languages; their specific connection to cultural practices and interpretations, and the difficulty of transferring the same meanings and connotations into another language with accuracy. This paper explores how to define and classify idioms, and suggests specific strategies and procedures to translate idioms from the NENA dialect Bartella (a local Aramaic dialect in Nineveh Plain) into English – as proposed by Baker (1992: 63–78). Data collection is based on 15 idioms in Bartella dialect taken from the heritage play Khlola d baretle teqta (Wedding in the old Bartella). The findings revealed that only three strategies are helpful to transfer particular cultural conceptualisations: using an idiom of similar meaning and form; using an idiom of similar meaning but different form, and translation by paraphrasing. Based on the findings, the author provides individuals and institutions with suggestions on how to save endangered languages and dialects, particularly with regard to the religious minorities’ heritage. Key among these recommendations is encouraging researchers and scholars to direct translation projects and activities towards preserving minority languages with their oral heritage and cultural expressions, which are susceptible to extinction.

The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.

Currently, museum pedagogy is a very promising area, covering all types of interactions between the museum and its audience. Museum pedagogy is an interdisciplinary field of scientific knowledge, “formed at the intersection of pedagogy, psychology, museology and the relevant discipline of the museum and built on its basis specific practical activities focused on the transfer of cultural (artistic) experience in a museum environment”. The rapid development of technology has led to the so-called modification of this scientific field, we mean a new branch of pedagogical knowledge is emerging - virtual museum pedagogy. VR technologies are beginning to occupy leading positions, but it is important to note that today in art pedagogy there is no idea how to build the educational process in such a context. Thus, this area of pedagogy today requires a deep and comprehensive study. This has determined the purpose of this study. The objectives of the study follow from the goal: 1) To reveal the specifics of virtual museum pedagogy 2) To develop basic pedagogical recommendations for conducting virtual excursions using VR technologies Materials and methods. The methods of this study were analysis and synthesis. Results and discussion. The results of the study consist in the VR technologies usage in art pedagogy features identification.

The original objectives are listed below: 1. Design vectors for constitutive expression of endochitinase from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1. Design vectors with signal peptides to target gene expression. 2. Extend transformation/regeneration technology to other cultivars of importance in the U.S. and Israel. 3. Transform cultivars with the endochitinase constructs developed as part of objective 1. A. Characterize foliar powdery mildew resistance in transgenic plants. Background of the topic Conventional breeding of grapevines is a slow and imprecise process. The long generation cycle, large space requirements and poor understanding of grapevine genetics prevent rapid progress. There remains great need to improve existing important cultivars without the loss of identity that follows from hybridization. Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator) is the most important fungal pathogen of grapevines, causing economic losses around the world. Genetic control of powdery mildew would reduce the requirement for chemical or cultural control of the disease. Yet, since the trait is under polygenic control, it is difficult to manipulate through hybridization and breeding. Also, because grapevines are heterozygous and vegetatively propagated cultivar identity is lost in the breeding process. Therefore, there is great need for techniques to produce transgenic versions of established cultivars with heterologous genes conferring disease resistance. Such a gene is now available for control of powdery mildew of grapevines. The protein coded by the Endochitinase gene, derived from Trichoderma harzianum, is very effective in suppressing U. necator growth. The goal of this proposal is to develop transgenic grapevines with this antifungal gene, and to test the effect of this gene on resistance to powdery mildew. Conclusions, achievements and implications Gene transfer technology for grape was developed using commercial cultivars for both wine and table grapes. It paved the way for a new tool in grapevine genetic studies enabling the alteration of specific important traits while maintaining the essential features of existing elite cultivars. Regeneration and transformation technologies were developed and are currently at an advanced stage for USA wine and Israeli seedless cultivars, representing the cutting edge of grape genetic engineering studies worldwide. Transgenic plants produced are tested for powdery mildew resistance in greenhouse and field experiments at both locations. It is our ultimate goal to develop transgenic grapes which will be more efficient and economical for growers to produce, while also providing consumers with familiar products grown with reduced chemical inputs.

Increasingly, both industry and academia, in fields ranging from biology and social sciences to computing and engineering, are driven by data (Provost & Fawcett, 2013; Wixom, et al, 2014); and both commercial success and academic impact are dependent on having access to data. Many organizations collecting data lack the expertise required to process it (Hazen, et al, 2014), and, thus, pursue data sharing with researchers who can extract more value from data they own. For example, a biosciences company may benefit from a specific analysis technique a researcher has developed. At the same time, researchers are always on the search for real-world data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness of their methods. Unfortunately, many data sharing attempts fail, for reasons ranging from legal restrictions on how data can be used—to privacy policies, different cultural norms, and technological barriers. In fact, many data sharing partnerships that are vital to addressing pressing societal challenges in cities, health, energy, and the environment are not being pursued due to such obstacles. Addressing these data sharing challenges requires open, supportive dialogue across many sectors, including technology, policy, industry, and academia. Further, there is a crucial need for well-defined agreements that can be shared among key stakeholders, including researchers, technologists, legal representatives, and technology transfer officers. The Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub (NEBDIH) took an important step in this area with the recent "Enabling Seamless Data Sharing in Industry and Academia" workshop, held at Drexel University September 29-30, 2016. The workshop brought together representatives from these critical stakeholder communities to launch a national dialogue on challenges and opportunities in this complex space.

The paper considers the role of philosophy and philosophical disciplines as the means of forming general cultural competences, in particular, in the development of critical thinking. The article emphasizes that the process of forming over-subject and soft skills, which, as a rule, include also critical thinking, gets much more complicated under the conditions of the reduction in the volume of philosophical courses. The paper grounds that one of the ways to “return” philosophy to educational programmes can be the implementation of training, using the e-learning environment, especially Moodle. In addition, authors point to the expediency of using this system and, in general, e-learning as an instrument for collaborating students to the world’s educational community and for developing their lifelong learning skills. The article specifies the features of providing electronic support in philosophy teaching, to which the following belongs: the difficulty of parametrizing the learning outcomes; plurality of approaches; communicative philosophy. The paper highlights the types of activities that can be implemented by tools of Moodle. The use of the following Moodle test tasks is considered as an example: test control in the flipped class, control of work with primary sources, control of self-study, test implementation of interim thematic control. The authors conclude that the Moodle system can be used as a tools of online support for the philosophy course, but it is impossible to transfer to the virtual space all the study of this discipline, because it has a significant worldview load. Forms of training, directly related to communication, are integral part of the methodology of teaching philosophy as philosophy itself is discursive, dialogical, communicative and pluralistic. Nevertheless, taking into account features of the discipline, it is possible to provide not only the evaluation function of the test control, but also to realize a number of educational functions: updating the basic knowledge, memorization, activating the cognitive interest, developing the ability to reason and the simpler ones but not less important, – the skill of getting information and familiarization with it.

The research problem: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and Xanthomonas campestrispv. vesicatoria (Xcv) are the causal agents of tomato bacterial speck and spot diseases, respectively. These pathogens colonize the aerial parts of the plant and cause economically important losses to tomato yield worldwide. Control of speck and spot diseases by cultural practices or chemicals is not effective and genetic sources of resistance are very limited. In previous research supported by BARD, by gene expression profiling we identified signaling components involved in resistance to Xcvstrains. Follow up experiments revealed that a tomato gene encoding a MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKKe) is required for resistance to Xcvand Pststrains. Goals: Central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which MAPKKKεand associated MAP kinase cascades regulate host resistance. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine whether MAPKKKεplays a broad role in defense signaling in plants; 2. Identify components of MAP kinase cascades acting downstream of MAPKKKε; 3. Determine the role of phosphorylation-related events in the function of MAPKKKε; 4. Isolate proteins directly activated by MAPKKKε-associatedMAPK modules. Our main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Characterization of MAPKKKεas a positive regulator of cell death and dissection of downstream MAP kinase cascades (Melech-Bonfil et al., 2010; Melech-Bonfil and Sessa, 2011). The MAPKKKεgene was found to be required for tomato resistance to Xcvand Pstbacterial strains and for hypersensitive response cell death triggered by different R gene/effector gene pairs. In addition, overexpression analysis demonstrated that MAPKKKεis a positive regulator of cell death, whose activity depends on an intact kinase catalytic domain. Epistatic experiments delineated a signaling cascade downstream of MAPKKKεand identified SIPKK as a negative regulator of MAPKKKε-mediated cell death. Finally, genes encoding MAP kinase components downstream of MAPKKKεwere shown to contribute to tomato resistance to Xcv. 2. Identification of tomato proteins that interact with MAPKKKεand play a role in plant immunity (Oh et al., 2011). We identified proteins that interact with MAPKKKε. Among them, the 14-3-3 protein TFT7 was required for cell death mediated by several R proteins. In addition, TFT7 interacted with the MAPKK SlMKK2 and formed homodimersin vivo. Thus, TFT7 is proposed to recruit SlMKK2 and MAPKKK client proteins for efficient signal transfer. 3. Development of a chemical genetic approach to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase cascades (Salomon et al., 2009, 2011). This approach is based on engineering the kinase of interest to accept unnatural ATP analogs. For its implementation to identify substrates of MAPKKKε-activated MAP kinase modules, we sensitized the tomato MAP kinase SlMPK3 to ATP analogs and verified its ability to use them as phosphodonors. By using the sensitized SlMPK3 and radiolabeled N6(benzyl)ATP it should be possible to tag direct substrates of this kinase. 4. Development of methods to study immunity triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in tomato and N. benthamiana plants (Kim et al., 2009; Nguyen et al. 2010). We developed protocols for measuring various PTI-associatedphenotypes, including bacterial populations after pretreatment of leaves with PAMPs, induction of reporter genes, callose deposition at the cell wall, activation of MAP kinases, and a luciferase-based reporter system for use in protoplasts. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized a signal transduction pathway mediating plant immunity to bacterial pathogens. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease. In addition, we successfully developed new biochemical and molecular methods that can be implemented in the study of plant immunity and other aspects of plant biology.