Bibliographies thématiques / Transborder co-operation in the energy sector

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Transborder co-operation in the energy sector »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 11 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Transborder co-operation in the energy sector"

Hobér, Kaj. « Arbitration of Energy Disputes Under the Energy Charter Treaty : Added Value for the Belt and Road Initiative ». Journal of World Investment & ; Trade 20, n^o 2-3 (14 mai 2019) : 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340132.

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Abstract One of the objectives underlying the Belt and Road Initiative is to improve energy co-operation in areas such as energy infrastructure and exploration and development of energy resources. Most Central Asian States are situated along the Silk Road Economic Belt. At the same time those States are members of the Energy Charter Treaty. This treaty provides a multilateral framework for co-operation and investment protection in the energy sector. This contribution explores three aspects of the ECT (definition of investment and investor, dispute settlement and ECT jurisprudence, and energy transit) which could facilitate for China to achieve its energy objectives within the Belt and Road Initiative, were China to become a member of the ECT.

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Slavko Krajcar, Minea Skok, Ivan Andročec, Snježana Blagajac, Gerd Solem, Klaus Livik et Birger Morland. « TRAINING CENTRE FOR ENERGY TRADING ». Journal of Energy - Energija 56, n^o 1 (14 novembre 2022) : 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37798/2007561346.

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The current reforms in the energy sector and the resulting new business opportunities have imposed a need for knowledge and skills to be acquired by or imparted to all those who will assume new roles and responsibilities in the energy sector. To this end the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing of the University of Zagreb (FER), Hrvatska elektroprivreda d.d. - The Croatian Electricity Company (HEP d.d.) and the Norwegian company Technor Energy AS launched a project to establish the Training Centre for Energy Trading (TCET). This article presents the results of this co-operation - printed materials to serve as teaching aid and a market simulator to help various market participants from different countries and with different market interests to try their hand at market competition by playing games. This is the fi rst training centre project of this kind in Europe, co-fi nanced by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Norway and HEP d.d.

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Rabajczyk, Anna, et Grzegorz Rabajczyk. « Managing CO₂ Emission in the Energy Sector and Climate Policy ». Safety & ; Fire Technology 58, n^o 2 (2021) : 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12845/sft.58.2.2021.1.

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Aim: The article presents information on the issue of CO2 emission (called greenhouse gas) from the energy sector, along with tools enabling the deter- mination of CO2 emissivity used to manage this process and the directions of actions taken to minimize the negative impact on the climate. Introduction: CO2 is one of the substances essential for the functioning of life on Earth. On one hand, it is an important element of the carbon cycle in nature, being the basis for the synthesis of carbohydrates. On the other hand, it belongs to the group of greenhouse gases responsible for the climate change – and for this reason, it must be subject to constant control. Due to this fact, appropriate measures are taken, including changes in law, in the scope of emission, as well as the introduction of modern technological solutions aimed at monitoring and reducing CO2 emission. Activities undertaken in the area of energy, the branch of the economy generating the largest amounts of anthropogenic CO2, accounting for 41% of global emissions of this gas, are of significant importance [1]. The developed tools, allowing to calculate the amount of carbon dioxide emissions, expressed by emission indicators, allow for the assessment of the activities undertaken both in terms of ecology and economy. Methodology: The article was prepared on the basis of a review of selected literature, and reports as well as applicable legal requirements in the field of the discussed subject. Conclusions: The implemented measures aimed at the application of emission indicators in the area of energy allowed for the definition of forecasts and the determination of the directions of activities, in order to reduce the emission of CO2. The gradual implementation of new technological solutions, enabling energy production based on biomass or other renewable energy sources, allows for the reduction of the emission of this gas. However, given the constantly increasing energy demand, it is a slow process which is not sufficient to stop the observed changes. Therefore, it is necessary to take further steps, to develop more reliable and homogeneous tools that would make it possible to compare the results regardless of the place of emission or the type of fuel used. However, it should be noted that it is necessary to cover all stages of the construction and operation of the energy sector with the measures mentioned above, which generate CO2 emission, and not only the combustion process itself. Keywords: emissivity, CO2, power engineering, climate change Type of article: review article

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Rudiany, Novita Putri, Silvia Dian Anggraeni, Gita Meysharoh Nurhidayah et Muhamad Firmansyah. « The Role of Cities in Energy Diplomacy : Indonesia, Japan and the Surabaya-Kitakyushu Partnership ». Hague Journal of Diplomacy 17, n^o 1 (15 novembre 2021) : 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10082.

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Summary Energy diplomacy is usually conducted by national governments. However, the case of sister city co-operation between the cities of Surabaya, Indonesia, and Kitakyushu, Japan, shows how substate actors can perform energy diplomacy by developing technology to create public spaces that apply energy efficiency and energy-saving principles. This article offers a new angle on energy diplomacy by elaborating on the role of the city government. To future-proof our perspective, we applied qualitative methods by gaining data from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, then triangulated the result from the literature about energy diplomacy. The article argues that energy diplomacy has expanded in the sense that it is now carried out at municipal as well as national level and yet still adheres to states’ foreign policy agendas in the energy sector. These substate actors ultimately strengthen the principle of energy utilisation that has been regulated at the national level within the framework of bilateral co-operation with other substate actors.

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Rogić Lugarić, Tereza, Domagoj Dodig et Jasna Bogovac. « Effectiveness of Blending Alternative Procurement Models and EU Funding Mechanisms Based on Energy Efficiency Case Study Simulation ». Energies 12, n^o 9 (28 avril 2019) : 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12091612.

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Over the past twenty years, many countries have been looking for alternative procurement models in providing public sector energy efficiency (EE) projects because of high public sector debt and budget deficit. These projects have traditionally been procured and financed by the public sector. While the majority of EU funding resources will be realized in more traditional, purely grant-funded procurement models, a new Investment Plan for Europe for the programming period 2014–2020 has focused on supporting higher private sector involvement in infrastructure investments for achieving the EU Strategy 20/20/20 goals. Seeing that the fundamental purpose of investing in infrastructure is investing in providing public services, the involvement of the private sector is only possible through some alternative procurement models. In these initiatives both the public and the private sector retain their own identities and responsibilities, while their co-operation is based on clearly defined divisions of tasks and risks. The main objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of blending alternative procurement models with available EU funding mechanisms in EE sector by applying case study simulation. The findings will show the effectiveness of alternative options and the use of blending solutions in EE investments.

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Coleman, John. « The Role of The European Bank in The Energy Sector ». Energy Exploration & ; Exploitation 12, n^o 5 (octobre 1994) : 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014459879401200502.

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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was established in 1991 and is owned by the western industrialized countries, including Canada, and the former communist countries of Europe and Central Asia. Its purpose is to assist the latter countries to make the transition from command to market economies in a democratic framework. The Bank, with an initial capital of approximately US$1.2 billion, directs 60 per cent of its resources towards private enterprises and state-owned enterprises which are being privatized. The remainder of the EBRD's lending is directed to governments for infrastructure development. The EBRD's lending, now at US$1.5 to 2 billion a year, is small in relation to the investment needs of its countries of operation. As a result, the Bank tries to maximize its leverage by limiting its share in total project financing to 35 per cent and encouraging co-financing by other lenders and investors. Through its lending it tries to create a demonstration effect and to encourage institutional reforms which increase private investment flows. In the energy sector, most of the EBRD's lending has been in the oil and gas sector in Russia, but it is open for business in other sectors and in all countries of operation. Unlike other development banks, the EBRD is prepared to finance nuclear power projects, especially for improving the safety and extending the operating life of nuclear power stations built before the fall of communism. In this connection, it operates a Nuclear Safety Account established by the G-7 countries after the 1992 Munich Summit. The Bank also is prepared to finance conventional power plants where these would permit the closure of obsolete or unsafe nuclear plants. In the oil and gas sector, most of the EBRD's lending has related to private sector, joint venture projects in Russia, aimed at oilfield rehabilitation and development. Three of the eight projects done so far have involved Canadian firms, reflecting their expertise in secondary and tertiary recovery, and cold weather operations. The private sector ventures supported by the Bank normally involve joint stock companies owned 50 per cent by western partners and 50 per cent by Russian state oil companies, which are being privatized or are operating according to private sector principles. The joint stock companies make up the difference between the EBRD's financing and total project cost through equity contributions in cash and kind, and through debt financing. The EBRD adds value not simply through its own financing. Its involvement in a project promotes co-financing by other investors. Its influence on behalf of foreign and local investors can help overcome administrative and regulatory difficulties affecting projects. Furthermore, the EBRD can give potential clients the benefit of its accumulated knowledge on how to structure the deal to meet host country priorities and regulations and to benefit from the greatest possible financing from the EBRD and from other lenders and investors.

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Javornicky, Martin, Áine Macken-Walsh et Anita Naughton. « Emerging Beef Producer Organisations (POs) in the Irish Beef Sector : An Analysis of Media Coverage in the Context of Nationwide Beef Producer Protests ». Sustainability 13, n^o 3 (1 février 2021) : 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031489.

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International literature acknowledges benefits of the legally recognised Producer Organisations (POs). Successful leveraging of these benefits depends on two forms of cooperation: horizontal integration among the producers for more effective functioning of the POs; and vertical integration of POs with other actors in the production chain to facilitate processes of co-creation and interactive innovation. In 2016 PO legislation was first introduced in Ireland, and in 2019 Ireland’s first two beef POs emerged at a time when primary producers in the beef sector mobilised en masse, protesting against poor prices and seeking changes in supply chain relationships. Throughout this period, significant and detailed media reporting of the beef sector surrounded the protests, which takes the focus of our analysis. Building on an existing but limited literature on institutional conditions in the Irish beef industry and international accounts of factors influencing the success of POs, we analyse media coverage in order to shed light on the nature of emerging new forms of horizontal and vertical cooperation. In this regard, we focus on horizontal integration of producers into PO and associations of POs (APOs); and vertical integration of POs into Inter Branch Organisations (IBOs) and value-based supply chains (VBSCs). Our analysis shows that the media representations of the Irish beef sector evidence significant challenges to the establishment and successful operation of POs, in any form. The analysis suggests that current constellation of relations in the Irish beef sector represents an environment that is partially resistant to horizontal co-operation and significantly hostile to vertical co-operation. Interactive innovation involving different chain actors seems not to be imminent, at least in the short term, unless there are strategic public and/or private interventions introduced to support it.

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Shafi, Mohsin, Yongzhong Yang, Zobi Khan et Aixian Yu. « Vertical Co-operation in Creative Micro-Enterprises : A Case Study of Textile Crafts of Matiari District, Pakistan ». Sustainability 11, n^o 3 (12 février 2019) : 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030920.

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Despite their cultural and economic importance, creative micro-enterprises have received very little attention from academia research, especially with respect to vertical co-operation—customers and suppliers—and innovation. This study aims to fill the literature gap by studying how vertical co-operation improves the performance of micro-enterprises in textile crafts through innovation. A questionnaire was used to collect data from creative micro-enterprises in the textile craft sector operating in the Matiari District of Pakistan. To test the construct validity of the research, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted, and to examine the hypotheses, the bootstrap re-sampling method was used with the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes. The findings of this study indicate that vertical co-operation positively and significantly affects the innovation and performance of creative micro-enterprises in textile crafts. In addition, we find that innovation plays a significant mediating role between vertical co-operation and performance. Furthermore, contrary to some studies, we empirically provide evidence regarding innovation in craft in terms of product development (design, size, shape, color, etc.), improvement in quality, and replacement/modification of tools.

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Baldinelli, Arianna, Linda Barelli, Gianni Bidini, Giovanni Cinti, Alessandro Di Michele et Francesco Mondi. « How to Power the Energy–Water Nexus : Coupling Desalination and Hydrogen Energy Storage in Mini-Grids with Reversible Solid Oxide Cells ». Processes 8, n^o 11 (19 novembre 2020) : 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111494.

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Sustainable Development Goals establish the main challenges humankind is called to tackle to assure equal comfort of living worldwide. Among these, the access to affordable renewable energy and clean water are overriding, especially in the context of developing economies. Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (rSOC) are a pivotal technology for their sector-coupling potential. This paper aims at studying the implementation of such a technology in new concept PV-hybrid energy storage mini-grids with close access to seawater. In such assets, rSOCs have a double useful effect: charge/discharge of the bulk energy storage combined with seawater desalination. Based on the outcomes of an experimental proof-of-concept on a single cell operated with salty water, the operation of the novel mini-grid is simulated throughout a solar year. Simulation results identify the fittest mini-grid configuration in order to achieve energy and environmental optimization, hence scoring a renewable penetration of more than 95%, marginal CO2 emissions (13 g/kWh), and almost complete coverage of load demand. Sector-coupling co-production rate (desalinated water versus electricity issued from the rSOC) is 0.29 L/kWh.

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Vannoni, Alberto, Daria Belotti, Alessandro Sorce et Aristide Fausto Massardo. « Analysis of the impact of Combined Cycle in the energy transition ». E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021) : 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131201001.

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The energy transition of the Italian electrical sector is balancing the objective of renewable energy sources generation increase and the need of maintaining a proper electrical system stability. In the next years, the phase-out of the coal will be covered by an increase of the renewable energy source exploitation supported by natural gas and biogas backup production. In this context, the production of electricity from natural gas, mainly produced by Combined Cycles Gas Turbines (CCGT) plants, that in 2019 covered 48.2% of the Italian electricity generation, will maintain its relevance at national level, even if a more flexible operating profile is envisaged. The use of Combined Cycles as backup power plants will further increase the frequency of transient operating conditions (i.e. start and stop), reducing their load factor and increasing the weight of the emissions related to transient operation with respect to those related to normal operation. In this paper, the operating profile of 45 Italian power-oriented CCGTs are analyzed showing the similarities of management in the different market zones and identifying the main operating patterns. Then a statistical analysis of the emission during normal and transient operation is performed basing on the public available yearly emission statement and highlighting the effect of the CO catalyzer during the transient. Finally, the yearly environmental impact of the flexible operation was assessed and compared to the yearly emission considered during the Environmental Impact Assessment, the Italian VIA (Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale).

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Thèses sur le sujet "Transborder co-operation in the energy sector"

Söderqvist, Felicia. « Energy, Environment and Transportation : An Actor-Role Network Analysis of the World Energy Outlook 1977-2016 ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-386463.

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This thesis explores how energy and environmental issues have been presented in the transportation sector over time in World Energy Outlook (WEO) publications; the flagship publication of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The thesis covers WEO publications from the first publication of 1977 up to 2016 (with the exception of WEO 1982). The data was extracted through the aid of interpretive content analysis, focusing on the transport sector. Energy and Environmental issues within the context of transportation were then discussed as to their roles and forms of action they were ascribed throughout the publications. Actor-network theory was used as a theoretical framework to map and showcase how these roles and actions conditioned and connected to each other. The results of the study show that energy has had a tendency to be divided into the camps of fuels that are either solutions or problems. The exceptions are biofuels, which stand out as fuels that are both solutions and problematic. The environmental issues are solved and caused through energy use, and in 1977,environmental consideration were presented as obstacles to energy security. In 1993 global warming and emissions have changed into being major policy concern. Pollution, congestion, dust, noise, and related health issues are added to the fray as time proceeds, and so are more forms of energy for solutions. Goals and interests showcased in the publications are shown to conflict with others, while energy efficiency as a solution has emerged as a solution to both global warming and energy security. The transport sector starts of as framed more asan area or space where environmental issues take place and solutions are implemented,however, increasing motorisation of the sector and traffic and its role as amajor emitter are later added as active aspects of the conditioning of thesector and in offsetting the solutions. Regional cases are used to exemplify the issues and solutions, with a major focus on OECD contexts, and technological renewal emerges early on as a mayor pathway in solving the environmental issues, through the support of consumers. However, the major issues still remain the same as in 1993.

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Livres sur le sujet "Transborder co-operation in the energy sector"

A, Kubursi A., Naylor Thomas, Petroleum Information Committee of the Arab Gulf States. et McMaster University, dir. Co-operation & development in the energy sector : The Arab Gulf states and Canada. London : Croom Helm, 1985.

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Ivanov, Vladimir I. The energy sector in Northeast Asia : New projects, delivery systems, and prospects for co-operation. Vancouver : Program on Canada-Asia Policy Studies, Institute of Asian Research, University of British Columbia, 2000.

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Kubursi, Atif A., et Thomas Naylor, dir. Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594.

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Kubursi, Atif A. Co-Operation & Development in the Energy Sector : The Arab Gulf States and Canada. Croom Helm, Ltd., 1985.

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Kubursi, Atif A., et Thomas Naylor. Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector : The Arab Gulf States and Canada. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector : The Arab Gulf States and Canada. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Kubursi, Atif A., et Thomas Naylor. Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector : The Arab Gulf States and Canada. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Transborder co-operation in the energy sector"

La Bella, Alessio. « Optimization-Based Control of Microgrids for Ancillary Services Provision and Islanded Operation ». Dans Special Topics in Information Technology, 129–38. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_12.

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AbstractThe ongoing environmental crisis is pushing the electrical sector towards a radical transformation, as the wide diffusion of renewable sources requires the power system to be more distributed, cooperative, and flexible, being each portion of the grid now able to produce and absorb power. This poses much more coordination challenges with respect to the traditional centralized system, largely sustained by fully controllable fossil-based power plants. In this context, microgrids, i.e. intelligent small-scale grids equipped with distributed energy resources and smart loads, are considered as the fundamental bricks of this future paradigm. This is due to the opportunity of coordinating co-located sources and loads, and to the microgrids extreme flexibility, as they can be operated either connected to the main grid or in islanded mode. The contribution of this doctoral research consists in the design of dedicated control architectures for ensuring the efficient and secure operation of microgrids in these two modes, characterized by different challenges and opportunities.

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Tellier, P. M. « Canada’s National Energy Policy ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 73–81. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-9.

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Kubursi, Atif A., et Thomas Naylor. « Introduction ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 1–6. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-1.

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Scarfe, Brian L. « The National Energy Program After Three Years : an Economic Perspective* ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 83–118. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-10.

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Lee, Alvin. « Banquet Remarks ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 119–23. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-11.

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Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Sheikh Nasser Mohammed. « Banquet Speech ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 125–30. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-12.

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Al-Ahmed Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Sheikh Nasser Mohammed. « Opening Address ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 7–11. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-2.

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Edge, C. Geoffrey. « Opening Remarks ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 13–17. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-3.

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Al-Nasrawi, Abbas. « OPEC and the Changing Structure of the World Oil Market ». Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 19–30. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-4.

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Atkinson, Lloyd C. « The World Oil Market for the Balance of the 1980S : Stability or Turmoil ? » Dans Co-Operation and Development in the Energy Sector, 31–41. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265594-5.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Transborder co-operation in the energy sector"

Zeiner, Martina, Matthias Landgraf, Martin Smoliner et Peter Veit. « Higher automation - methods to increase energy efficiency in railway operation ». Dans 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1159.

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Automation is already present in many areas of the railway sector (e.g. computer-aided dispatching or electronic interlockings). In order to achieve climate goals and offer an attractive transport service, it is essential to advance automation and higher grades of automation (GoA). The four levels of automation range from supporting systems (GoA1) to automotive trains (GoA4). This paper summarises a study which outlines the impacts, requirements and potentials of higher GoA within different segments: passenger transport, freight and mixed traffic on mainlines and branch lines. The findings show that energy-efficiency and capacity can already be increased with the first two GoA for both, passenger and mixed traffic. Enhancements have an influence on costs, not to mention the customer satisfaction. The potential in freight transport, e.g. in shunting, can be exploited with intelligent freight trains (GoA4). This leads to improved safety and reduced costs. Within this study a tool to calculate energy consumption is established. It enables the depiction of various scenarios for different trains and driving behaviours. The simulation tool is validated by real measured data. The outcome of the calculation tool underpins the benefits of driver advisory systems (DAS) and automatic train operation (ATO). It can be stated that higher automation, especially on a dispositive level is essential if energy and capacity improvement are to be achieved, regardless of the type of network (electrified or non-electrified). However, operational optimisation has its limits. For non-electrified lines, alternative drives offer the opportunity to further mitigate environmental impacts.

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Leonesio, Marco, Giacomo Bianchi et Stefano Borgia. « A Virtual Components Approach for Energy Consumption Modeling in the Machinery Sector ». Dans ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82414.

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In recent years, energy consumption issues, boosted by environmental concerns, are becoming of paramount importance in the manufacturing field. In particular, machinery sector has been the theatre of several initiatives and projects aimed at an eco-efficient design and use of the machines. In this context, energy consumption modeling is considered a powerfull tool to foresee and optimize energy efficiency by design. On the other side, while each company has to develop numerical models of the internally designed machine elements, it has to be taken into account that machine productivity, eco-performance and cost are all strongly influenced by the employed commercial components (e.g. motors, sensors, controllers, transmissions, guide ways), that must be also be modeled but it is unrealistic to expect that the machinery builder develops by himself all required models. In this paper, the industrial adoption of simulation tools and methodologies for energy consumption modeling is regarded as an application of the more general “Model Based Product Development” methodology. In particular, the development of “functional component models”, seen as Virtual Components (“VC”) to be assembled in the Virtual Machine, is suggested as the key to foster co-modeling activity involving suppliers. A proper business model is then proposed to guarantee the sustainability of the co-operation scenario. Finally, the strategy concept is illustrated by some examples concerned with machine tool accessories and components.

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Mochizuki, Kenichiro, Satoshi Shibata, Umeo Inoue, Toshiaki Tsuchiya, Hiroko Sotouchi et Masanori Okamoto. « New Concept of a Micro Gas Turbine Based Co-Generation Package for Performance Improvement in Practical Use ». Dans ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50364.

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As the energy consumption has been increasing rapidly in the commercial sector in Japan, the market potential for the micro gas turbine is significant and it will be realized substantially if the thermal efficiency is improved. One of measures is to introduce the steam injection system using the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator. Steam injection tests have been carried out using a micro gas turbine (Capstone C60). Test results showed that key performance parameters such as power output, thermal efficiency and emissions were improved by the steam injection. The stable operation of micro gas turbine with steam injection was confirmed under various operating conditions. Consequently, a micro gas turbine based co-generation package with steam injection driven by a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) with supplementary firing is proposed.

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Burra, K. G., et A. K. Gupta. « Co-Processing of Municipal Solid Waste With Gypsum Waste for Enhanced Product Recovery ». Dans ASME 2022 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2022-85550.

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Abstract With growing generation of municipal solid wastes, development of sustainable disposal techniques is essential for effective utilization of these resources. While waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities provide energy recovery from these wastes, the low relative value of energy makes it unattractive. Simultaneously, high oxidation environment in these facilities also means losing significantly valuable resources such as metals/mineral in the form of their oxides and forming pollutant flue gases and fly-ash. Alternative pathways in waste-to-energy involve designing variable oxygen staging to effectively limit oxidation to only carbonaceous materials while minimizing high oxidation state products of metals. In such operating conditions, formation of char from the MSW components is thermodynamically favored and effective utilization of this resource in-situ can be valuable to improve the reactor operability. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing waste gypsum from construction/demolition sector to co-process in WtE process. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with FTIR analysis of evolved gas was utilized to understand the operation conditions for such a co-processing and the formation of evolved gas products such as CO2, CO and SO2. Char formed from pyrolysis of waste tires was investigated to examine its reactions with gypsum. Char was found to be reduced by reacting with the anhydrous gypsum at temperatures beyond 850 °C. These studies also include the effect of oxidation potential of the purge gas on this reaction which was carried out by introducing 4.8% O2 into the TGA purge gas to understand its effect on the reaction of gypsum with the char in comparison to char oxidation.

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Nagata, Hitoshi, Wataru Karasawa, Yoshihiro Ichikawa, Sazo Tsuruzono et Takero Fukudome. « Development of the 8000 kW Class Hybrid Gas Turbine ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38703.

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Based on the successful result of the Japanese national project for 300 kW class ceramic gas turbine development (this project was finished in March 1999), the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) contract project “Research and Development on Practical Industrial Co-generation Technology”, funded by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), started in August 1999. This project is a five-year plan until the end of the 2003 fiscal year. The objective of this project is to encourage prompt industrial applications of co-generation technology that employs a hybrid gas turbine (HGT; using both metal and ceramic parts in its high-temperature section) by confirming its soundness and reliability. The development activities are performed through ceramic material evaluation test and long-term operation test for the HGT of the medium size (8,000-kW class). It is expected that the development can realize low pollution and reducing the emission of CO2 with highly efficient use of energy. To grasp the material characteristic of the ceramic, the tensile creep rupture test, cyclic fatigue test, sub-critical crack growth test, and exposure test had been carried out. Sub element tests, such as Sector Model Text and Pre-test were carried out prior to the operation study. The operation study was started in the 2002 fiscal year. The operation tests to 5/8-load (about 5,000-kW) had been carried out as of February 2003. This paper gives the progress of the developments of the HGT.

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Braun-Unkhoff, Marina, Jens Dembowski, Jürgen Herzler, Jürgen Karle, Clemens Naumann et Uwe Riedel. « Alternative Fuels Based on Biomass : An Experimental and Modeling Study of Ethanol Co-Firing to Natural Gas ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26714.

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In response to the limited resources of fossil fuels as well as to their combustion contributing to global warming through CO2 emissions, it is currently discussed to which extent future energy demands can be satisfied by using biomass and biogenic by-products, e.g. by co-firing. However, new concepts and new unconventional fuels for electric power generation require a re-investigation of at least the gas turbine burner if not the gas turbine itself to ensure a safe operation and a maximum range in tolerating fuel variations and combustion conditions. Within this context, alcohols, in particular ethanol, are of high interest as alternative fuel. Presently, the use of ethanol for power generation — in decentralized (micro gas turbines) or centralized gas turbine units, neat, or co-fired with gaseous fuels like natural gas and biogas — is discussed, besides its role within the transport sector. Chemical kinetic modeling has become an important tool for interpreting and understanding the combustion phenomena observed; for example, focusing on heat release (burning velocities) and reactivity (ignition delay times). Furthermore, a chemical kinetic reaction model validated by relevant experiments performed within a large parameter range allows a more sophisticated computer assisted design of burners as well as of combustion chambers, when used within CFD (computational fluid dynamics) codes. Therefore, a detailed experimental and modeling study of ethanol co-firing to natural gas will be presented focusing on two major combustion properties within a relevant parameter range: (i) ignition delay times measured in a shock tube device, at ambient (p = 1 bar) and elevated (p = 4 bar) pressures, for lean (φ = 0.5) and stoichiometric fuel-air mixtures, and (ii) laminar flame speed data at several preheat temperatures, also for ambient and elevated pressure, gathered from literature. Chemical kinetic modeling will be used for an in-depth characterization of ignition delays and flame speeds at technical relevant conditions. An extensive database will be presented identifying the characteristic differences of the combustion properties of natural gas, ethanol, and ethanol co-fired to natural gas.

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Choudhury, Shiny, Vincent G. McDonell et Scott Samuelsen. « Performance of Low-NOx and Conventional Storage Water Heaters Operated on Biogas and Natural Gas ». Dans ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69702.

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Abstract The U.S. has high renewable methane potential. Biogas can be obtained from many organic sources like landfills, wastewater, animal manure, industrial, institutional, and commercial organic waste. Biogas can also be produced from lignocellulosic biomass; also, there is attention in biofuel and biogas production from various kinds of algae. In the U.S., 5% of the natural gas utilized in the electric power sector and 56% of the natural gas in transportation can be directly replaced with biogas. In a typical Californian household, around 50% of the 354 therms Natural Gas energy supplied goes to water heating. Hence, a large amount of emission from residential spaces is due to water heating units. Introducing renewable natural gas (RNG) or biomethane to natural gas pipelines has shown great potential for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, the upgrade process is energy and cost intensive. Assuming primary biogas composition as methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), an understanding of the tolerance for residential appliances (significant pipeline delivery point use) to biogas addition could save cleaning/upgrading costs. Focusing on the combustion performance of two representative models of storage water heaters (low-NOx and conventional) in California, this research addresses how much CO2 in natural gas can be tolerated without losing critical performance parameters for reliable operation. Characteristics like blow-off, ignition time, flame structure, efficiency, and emissions (NOx, NO, N2O, CO, CO2, UHC, CH4, and NH3) at different concentrations of CO2 in natural gas are investigated. The pilot operation becomes unstable for the low-NOx water heater beyond 10% CO2, and the probability of blow-off increases. At both 5% and 10% CO2 addition, a stable though the increasingly flat flame is observed, and pilot operation is stable both during idling and while the main burner relights. For the conventional gas storage water heater, a stable flame is established up to 25% CO2 addition, with the flame becoming increasingly shorter beyond 30% CO2 addition. On the other hand, the stable pilot operation could not be established even at 5% CO2 addition, which proved to be the limiting factor for the operation of this device. A similar trend of NOx/NO decrease and CO/UHC increase with increasing CO2 percentage was observed for both water heaters. Further, methane emissions from water heaters during active and idle operations and pilot light’s role were quantified. The present study show 10% CO2 can be added to natural gas without any significant loss of efficiency for the low-NOx storage water heater. We found that both the water heaters emit CH4 during active and idle operation, of which more CH4 is emitted during the idle process. This study can inform policymakers on allowing higher composition variability for the pipeline gas and research into modifying water heater burners for increased tolerance to biogas with reliable performance and a simultaneous decrease in pollutant emissions.

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Lesemann, Arvid Reenstjerna, et Erik Joel Hammagren. « Searay Autonomous Offshore Power System AOPS : Results of Sea Trials and Payload Support Demonstration ». Dans Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31042-ms.

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As the offshore energy sector looks to fully implement resident, autonomous, robotic, digital systems offshore, one missing piece of the puzzle is remote power generation. Further complicating these efforts are the owner/operators’ move towards net zero operations. The combination represents a significant dilemma for the offshore energy industry: if gensets and topside vessels are not appropriate or practical power sources for future resident systems, how will these needed cost and carbon-saving innovations come to market and get deployed in the field? Objectives/Scope The proposed paper will provide an overview of a new platform solution, an autonomous offshore power system (AOPS), that looks to complete the puzzle. A number of AOPS’ are under development world-wide. The paper will review the state-of-the-art, including the SeaRAY AOPS, which will undergo sea trials off the coast of Marine Corp Base Hawaii, on Oahu, Hawaii, USA. The sea trials are expected to last for six months. Note: Because of COVID-related delays, the sea trials originally planned for late 2020 will now start in 2Q21. The August presentation at OTC will include the latest information available on the sea trials and co-deployed payload testing. Methods, Procedures, Process The SeaRAY AOPS is the result of a project co-sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Navy, and C·Power, to design, build, and test a novel AOPS technology. The SeaRAY AOPS provides kW-scale power generation, energy storage, and real-time data and communications capabilities for remote, offshore systems, including unmanned subsea and surface vehicles (e.g., AUVs, ROVs, USVs), sensor payloads (e.g., environmental monitoring or methane emissions) and operating equipment (e.g., emergency power for failed/failing umbilical, field modernization, or redundant power for BOP systems). Satisfying the need for cleaner operations, the SeaRAY and other AOPS devices capture and convert ocean energy into electricity to charge the energy storage system. The payloads, in turn, receive their power from the intermediate energy storage system, allowing campaign-based or extended residency. Results, Observations, Conclusions The paper will review the initial results from the planning, permitting, deployment, operation, and maintenance of the SeaRAY AOPS and the co-deployed sensor and vehicle payloads, which include a seafloor acoustical environmental monitoring system and a hybrid AUV. Novel/Additive Information: The market impact of AOPS’ for the offshore energy industry can be significant, as the class of systems is intended to enable reductions in operational costs, carbon emissions, and complexity, while enabling a fuller implementation of autonomous and semi-autonomous resident systems. The paper will outline these features and benefits for the offshore energy industry, along with the results to-date of the novel SeaRAY AOPS’ sea trials.

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