Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Training fisico »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Training fisico"
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Morocutti, Paolo. « Correlazioni positive tra spiritualità e salute : i risultati di alcune indagini / Positive correlations between spirituality and health : results from some surveys ». Medicina e Morale 68, no 1 (10 avril 2019) : 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2019.566.
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La dimensione religiosa dell’uomo contribuisce in modo sostanziale al mantenimento della condizione medica generale, migliorando e preservando la qualità della vita. Quanto fa bene la fede? La preghiera fa ammalare meno e guarire prima? La partecipazione ai servizi religiosi porta realmente un effetto positivo sulla salute? Gli studi esaminati in questo articolo sembrano rispondere affermativamente a queste domande, evidenziando la stretta correlazione tra religiosità/spiritualità, salute e benessere fisico e psicologico. L’impatto antropologico e sociologico di tale realtà conduce ad evidenti riflessioni storiche e filosofiche, ma anche mediche e bioetiche, generando l’esigenza di una profonda trasformazione nella formazione del personale sanitario, dove l’aspetto religioso o spirituale non è ritenuto importante, né rilevante nell’approccio medico per la cura e l’assistenza del paziente. Nonostante ciò, numerosi studi approfondiscono ed attestano l’importanza di questo aspetto sia dei singoli, sia dell’intera popolazione. ---------- Religious dimension of man contributes substantially to maintain general medical condition, improving and preserving quality of life. How good is faith? Does prayer make you sick less and get better sooner? Does participation in religious services actually have a positive effect on health? The studies examined within this article seem to answer positively to these questions, highlighting the close correlation between religiosity / spirituality, health and physical and psychological well-being. The anthropological and sociological impact of this reality leads to evident historical and philosophical as well as medical and bioethical reflections, generating the need for a deep transformation of health personnel training, where the religious or spiritual aspect are not considered as important, nor relevant for medical approach to patient’s care. Nevertheless, several studies address and highlight the importance of this aspect for both individuals and whole population.
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Galdieri, Michela, et Michele Domenico Todino. « Promote Assistive and AAC technologies during Covid-19 ». Form@re - Open Journal per la formazione in rete 21, no 3 (31 décembre 2021) : 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/form-10189.
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The Covid-19 health emergency has produced a rethinking of education and training systems based on open and flexible physical spaces and remote communication channels; however, socialization processes and virtual relational exchanges are still possible and at the same time authentic. Moreover, the use of telecommunication technologies augment efforts to find a new way to organize educational spaces when it is not possible to share physical space and virtual spaces must be used. Starting from the role of assistive technologies in European policies, this work presents a case study about the inclusive perspective of corporeality and action in teaching-learning process and described an experience done in a third grade class of a primary school in Rome where a teacher used an eye communicator with GRID3 software and tools of Augmentative Alternative Communication with a student with complex communication needs, main goal of this activity was to create an inclusive and sharing path for each scholar done in distance education.
Promuovere le tecnologie assistive e la CAA al tempo del Covid-19.
L’emergenza sanitaria da Covid-19 ha sollecitato un ripensamento dei sistemi educativi e formativi quali dimensioni aperte e flessibili in cui formarsi, spazi nei quali i canali di comunicazione a distanza hanno reso possibile processi di socializzazione e scambi relazionali virtuali ma non per questo meno autentici, luoghi della didattica in cui favorire gli apprendimenti mediante l’uso di tecnologie che hanno consentito di raggiungere risultati anche in assenza di condivisione di uno spazio fisico. Il lavoro presenta una riflessione sul ruolo delle tecnologie assistive nelle politiche europee, sul potenziale inclusivo della corporeità e dell’azione nei percorsi di insegnamento-apprendimento e propone la descrizione di un’esperienza svoltasi nella classe terza di una scuola primaria romana dove, in presenza di un’alunna con gravi difficoltà comunicative, la didattica ha previsto l’uso del comunicatore oculare con software GRID3 coniugato alle pratiche e agli strumenti propri della Comunicazione Aumentativa Alternativa, con l’obiettivo di creare un percorso inclusivo e partecipativo per ciascun alunno, seppure a distanza.
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Gater, Richard. « WHO study of psychological problems in general health care. Baseline findings and implications for primary care ». Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 5, no 3 (décembre 1996) : 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00004152.
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RIASSUNTOScopo - Indagare la forma, la frequenza, la gestione e l'esito dei disturbi psichici comuni in pazienti della medicina generale. Disegno - Campionamento a due-stadi di coloro che si rivolgono ai servizi di medicina generale seguito da una valutazione longitudinale a 3 e 12 mesi dello stato mentale, della disabilità e del trattamento, eseguiti utilizzando gli stessi metodi in 15 Centri nel mondo, sotto il coordinamento dell'Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanita. Principali misure utilizzate - General Health Questionnaire, la versione per la medicina generale della Composite International Diagnostic Interview utilizzata per ricavare diagnosi secondo i criteri dell'ICD-10, la Groningen Social Disability Schedule, ed una valutazione da parte del medico di medicina generale dell'attuale stato fisico e mentale insieme ad un riassunto della loro gestione del caso. Risultati - Sono stati sottoposti a screening 25.916 pazienti e sono stati sottoposti a dettagliate interviste 5.438 pazienti. I disturbi psichici tra i pazienti degli ambulatori di medicina generale sono risultati frequenti (in media il 24% di pazienti visti consecutivamente, range 7.3%-52.5%). La disabilità è risultata più elevata nei pazienti con disturbi psichici: quanto più gravi erano i disturbi psichici, tanto pià grave era la disabilità. Il problema principale lamentato dai pazienti era spesso un sintomo somatico, mentre solo una minoranza di essi lamentava un chiaro sintomo psichico. Il riconoscimento dei disturbi da parte dei medici è risultato essere molto diverso tra i diversi Centri e in tutti i Centri metà dei casi ICD-10 non è stata identificata dai medici. I medici operand nell'area di Verona hanno messo in evidenza una particolare distorsione nei riguardi dei disturbi psichici. Un trattamento e stato prescritto a quasi tutti i pazienti che secondo i medici presentavano disturbi psichici, per cui i trattamenti sono risultati simili, indipendentemente dalla diagnosi. Conclusioni - La frequenza dei disturbi psichici nel setting della medicina generale e la disabilità ad essi associata sottolineano la loro importanza per la salute pubblica. Questi sono pazienti che si rivolgono agli ambulatori di medicina generale; la maggior parte di essi continua ad essere trattata in tale setting senza ricorrere ai servizi psichiatrici specialistici. È pertanto importante potenziare il training per il riconoscimento, la diagnosi ed il trattamento dei disturbi psichici comuni sia nelle Facolta di medicina che nei corsi di formazione dei medici di medicina generale.
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Tulak, Noper, et Yusuf Bungkang. « PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBASIS KOMPUTASI PADA GURU-GURU FISIKA SMA Se-ABEPURA ». JURNAL PENGABDIAN PAPUA 5, no 1 (3 mars 2021) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/.v5i1.1098.
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Training on developing physics learning media for high school physics teachers in Abepura and surrounding areas was carried out on 15 and 16 August 2019 at computer laboratory of physics department. The aim of the training is to motivate and improve the ability of teachers to create virtual learning media as alternative physic learning media so as to improve the quality of teaching and physics learning. The method used to support the success of this program is in the form of training, demonstration and practice or tutorial using matlab program. The results of the implementation of service activities felt by the team and the training participants were very satisfying, with indicators of participant activity in each activity process, and participating in training enthusiastically. The training of create physics learning media for senior high school teachers in the community service program that has been implemented is expected to provide understanding and also the ability of teachers to design physics learning media using computers that will have an impact on increasing teaching and learning productivity and professionalism of physics teachers in senior high school. Keywords: learning media, Matlab, physic teachers
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Hidayat, Muhammad Iman, et Mara Bangun Harahap. « EFEK MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA LECTORA DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR FORMAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA ». Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 4, no 1 (1 juin 2015) : 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22611/jpf.v4i1.2565.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) untuk menjelaskan hasil belajar siswayang diterapkan model pembelajaran inquiry training berbasis multimedialectora lebih baik dibandingkan dengan model pembelajaran konvensional,(2) untuk menjelaskan hasil belajar siswa yang memiliki kemampuanberpikir formal tinggi adalah lebih baik dari siswa yang memilikikemampuan berpikir formal rendah, (3) untuk menjelaskan hubungan antaramodel pembelajaran inquiry training berbasis multimedia lectora dankemampuan berpikir formal terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan cluster random sampling dimana kelas pertama sebagai kelas eksperimen diterapkan model pembelajaran inquirytraining berbasis multimedia lectora dan kelas kedua sebagai kelas kontrolditerapkan model pembelajaran konvensional. Instrumen yang digunakandalam penelitian ini adalah instrumen kemampuan berpikir formal terdiridari 10 pertanyaan dan instrumen hasil belajar fisika terdiri dari 20pertanyaan yang dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkanbahwa: (1) hasil belajar siswa yang diterapkan model pembelajaran inquirytraining berbasis multimedia lectora lebih baik dibandingkan modelpembelajaran konvensional; (2) hasil belajar siswa yang memilikikemampuan berpikir formal tinggi lebih baik dibandingkan siswa yangmemiliki kemampuan berpikir formal rendah; (3) terdapat interaksi antaramodel pembelajaran inquiry training berbasis multimedia lectora dankemampuan berpikir formal terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa.Kata kunci: inquiry training, berpikir formal, hasil belajar siswa
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Suharyo, Seno, Iryan Dwi Handayani, Desy Ratna Arthaningtyas et Hari Setijo Pudjihardjo. « PELATIHAN PENGGUNAAN SPREADSHEET EXCEL UNTUK MENYELESAIKAN SOAL FISIKA DI SMP KESATRIAN 2 SEMARANG ». SELAPARANG : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Berkemajuan 6, no 3 (6 septembre 2022) : 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jpmb.v6i3.10350.
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ABSTRAKPelajaran Fisika sudah mulai diajarkan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP). Untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal Fisika dilakukan dengan menghitung secara manual. Meskipun belum diajarkan cara menghitung dengan formula dasar di Excel untuk soal Fisika, namun dirasa akan cukup bermanfaat jika sudah mulai diperkenalkan di Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Diharapkan ketika berada di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA), siswa sudah cukup familiar untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal pelajaran Fisika menggunakan Excel. Dilakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang pembelajaran menggunakan spreadsheet excel dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pelajaran Fisika bagi siswa-siswi di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Tujuannya untuk menambah pengetahuan para siswa tentang pemanfaatan Excel dalam menyelesaikan soal mata pelajaran Fisika. Materi diberikan secara langsung dari kelompok Pengabdian, dan para siswa menyimak sekaligus mempraktekkan di komputer masing-masing. Pelatihan diselenggarakan pada hari Rabu, tanggal 15 Juni 2022, di Laboratorium Komputer SMP Kesatrian 2 Semarang, yang diikuti 30 siswa-siswi Kelas 8. 25 siswa berpendapat pelatihan Excel ini dapat membantu menyelesaikan soal-soal Fisika. Kata kunci: excel; soal; spreadsheet.ABSTRACTPhysics subject has already been taught in Junior High School. To complete the Physics questions, it is done by calculating manually. Although how to calculate using basic Excel formulas has not been taught yet, it will be quite useful if introduced in Junior High School. Hopefully when in high school, they will get used to completing Physics questions using Excel. Training on how to use Excel Spreadsheets to completing Physics questions was held for students at Kesatrian 2 Junior High School (SMP) Semarang. The purpose is to increase students’s knowledge of using Excel to completing Physics questions. The training content are given directly from the team, while students listen and practice on their computers. The training took place on Wednesday, June 15, 2022, at the Computer Laboratory, attended by 30 students from Grade 8. 25 students think that this Excel training could help completing Physics questions. Keywords: excel; exercise; spreadsheet
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Akhsan, Hamdi, Abidin Pasaribu, Murniati Murniati, Nely Andriani, Muhammad Muslim et Melly Ariska. « Pelatihan Manajemen Laboratorium Fisika untuk Guru Fisika di MGMP Fisika Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu ». Bubungan Tinggi : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no 4 (5 décembre 2022) : 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/btjpm.v4i4.4244.
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Perlu adanya Pelatihan Manajemen Laboratorium Fisika dalam proses pembelajaran pada Guru-guru MGMP Fisika Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) dikarenakan guru-guru Fisika di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu masih minim memiliki pengetahuan mengenai administrasi Manajemen Laboratorium dan keterbatasan pengetahuan dalam mengatur, mendesain dan merencanakan administrasi dan kegiatan yang ada di Laboratorium fisika. Tujuan Kegiatan PkM adalah meningkatkan keterampilan guru-guru MGMP Fisika Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu dalam mengelola laboratorium Fisika di Sekolah. Metode pelaksanaan, kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan guru-guru dalam mendesain dan merencanakan kegiatan administrasi dalam Manajemen laboratorium fisika. Model pendampingan dengan metode presentasi, workshop, diskusi dan simulasi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 26 September 2021 dengan Jumlah peserta kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) adalah 34 orang. Alat ukur yang digunakan untuk melihat keberhasilan kegiatan PkM ini adalah dengan memberikan soal pretest dan posttest. Hasil evaluasi ini akan dianalisis nilai peningkatannya dengan menganalisis nilai n-gain. Luaran yang telah dicapai pada kegiatan PkM ini adalah meningkatnya kemampuan guru-guru Fisika di Kabupaten OKU dalam merancang, merencanakan, mendesain dan menggunakan KIT Fisika SMA di Laboratorium Fisika dalam proses pembelajaran. Peningkatan ini dilihat dari nilai n-gain berdasarkan nilai Pretest dan Posttest dari peserta kegiatan PkM. Sebanyak 3 (tiga) Video dari Peserta PkM yang berisi Kegiatan Guru dalam memanajemen Kegiatan di Laboratorium Fisika di Sekolah masing-masing peserta PkM, mulai dari merencanakan, mendesain dan menggunakan alat dalam melaksanakan kegiatan praktikum di Laboratorium Fisika. Video-video ini diupload di akun Youtube Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika sebagai video pembelajaran pada mata kuliah Manajemen Laboratorium.There is a need for Physics Laboratory Management Training in the learning process for Physics MGMP teachers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency (OKU) because Physics teachers in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency still lack knowledge of Laboratory Management administration and have limited knowledge in organizing, designing and planning administration and activities in the physics laboratory. In its implementation, this activity uses a mentoring model to improve the ability of teachers to design and plan administrative activities in physics laboratory Management. Mentoring model with the presentation, workshop, discussion and simulation methods. The output targets to be achieved in this service activity are: 1) The results of this community service program will be disseminated in the form of scientific articles published in the Community Service journal, namely the Bubungan Tinggi Journal of Lambung Mangkurat University and making banners/posters. 2) Improve Physics teachers' ability in OKU Regency to design, plan, design and use the High School Physics KIT in the Physics Laboratory in the learning process. 3) Produced at least three videos from the community service participants containing Teacher Activities in managing Activities at the Physics Laboratory in their respective schools starting from planning, designing and using tools in carrying out practical activities in the Physics Laboratory, 4) The implementing team and training participants obtained activity certificates.
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Purwanto, Purwanto, et Arina Ulfa Mawaddah. « PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN INQUIRY TRAINING TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA ». JURNAL IKATAN ALUMNI FISIKA 1, no 1 (26 octobre 2015) : 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jiaf.v1i1.2694.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran Inquiry TrainingJenis penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII MTs Aisyiyah Medan T.P 2014/2015yang terdiri dari 3 kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara simple random sampling Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai rata-rata pretes kelas eksperimen 47,75 dan nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol 47,42.Sebelum dilakukan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah menggunakan media petakonsep, kemampuan awal kedua kelompok siswa sama.Setelah model pembelajaran selesai diberikan, diperoleh postes dengan hasil rata-rata kelas eksperimen75,85dan kelas kontrol 63,28. Data pretes dan postes telah memenuhi uji prasyarat, yaitu uji normalitas dan homogenitas dengan taraf signifikansi α = 0,05, sehingga hasil uji t pretes memiliki kesamaan rata-rata dan uji t postes menyatakan ada perbedaan akibat pengaruh model pembelajaran Inquiry Training terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa.Selain berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa, model pembelajaran Inquiry Training juga meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa yang dapat diamati dengan peningkatan aktivitas dari pertemuan pertama sampai pertemuan kedua .Dari hasilpengamatan yang dilakukanoleh observer, diperoleh bahwa rata-rata peningkatan aktivitas siswa cukup baik dari pertemuan I dengan kategori cukup aktif ke pertemuan II dengan kategori aktif.
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,, Derlina, Tri Harsono et Sabani . « PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA UMUM BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN FISIKA FMIPA UNIMED ». Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika 3, no 1 (1 juin 2014) : 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22611/jpf.v3i1.3271.
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Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan karakter dan hasil belajar mahasiswa yang meliputi: pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah, pembelajaran kooperatif dengan berbagai tipe, dan inquiry training, melalui penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran untuk beberapa komptensi dasar mata kuliah Fisika Umum dengan model-model pembelajaran berbasis karakter. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian pengembangan. Perangkat pembelajaran yang disusun meliputi (1) silabus, (2) rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), (3) bahan ajar, (4) lembar kerja mahasiswa (LKM), dan (5) pedoman/alat evaluasi. Target khusus yang ingin dicapai adalah (1) peningkatan hasil belajar mahasiswa, dan (2) mengembangkan karakter mahasiswa antara lain sikap jujur, tanggung jawab, disiplin, berlaku hormat, kerjasama, kemampuan berkomunikasi dan kreativitas.
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Rohmawati, Lydia, Woro Setyarsih et Nugrahani Primary Putri. « PEMBUATAN KIT SEDERHANA KALORIMETER DARI BAHAN BEKAS BAGI GURU IPA FISIKA ». Jurnal ABDI 4, no 2 (27 mai 2019) : 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/ja.v4n2.p79-84.
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Students are actively demanded such as observing, asking questions, collecting data, associating, and communicating mainly in science learning. However, laboratory facilities in South Surabaya Middle School are known incomplete and some do not even have a laboratory, so as the teacher gives the material using the lecture method. One of the science materials is thermodynamics, especially with regard to calorimeter devices, whose application is about Black Principle. The calorimeter equipment on the market is very expensive, so it is necessary to conduct training and assistance on making simple calorimeter tools bywaste material. The training carried out on the Surabaya South Science MGMP teachers included making calorimeters by used materials, testing tools by practical training, and giving questionnaires in the form of responses and suggestions related to training activities. The results obtained from this activity included the knowledge and skills of the teachers in making simple calorimeter tools of waste material, and positive attitudes from the teachers to apply the tool as a medium of learning in the classroom.
Thèses sur le sujet "Training fisico"
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Silva, Fernando Oliveira Catanho da. « Treinamento fisico, processo inflamatorio e adaptação ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314731.
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Orientador: Denise Vaz de MacedoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T02:27:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FernandoOliveiraCatanhoda_D.pdf: 945471 bytes, checksum: 1cb25f14193ab154247ae52c65246f3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O exercício físico e um conhecido indutor agudo de traumas sobre as estruturas biológicas como músculos esqueléticos, articulações, ossos e demais tecidos. O treinamento físico, de maneira cronica e respeitando a relacao estimulo-recuperação pode levar a uma seqüência coerente de traumas e conseqüentemente a adaptação (Overreaching Funcional - FOR). Por outro lado, desequilíbrios persistentes na relação estimulo-recuperação podem levar a condições não-adaptativas refletidas em perda de performance e sintomatologia variada (Overreaching Não-Funcional - _FOR e Síndrome do Overtraining - OTS). Existe na literatura a proposta do envolvimento de marcadores antiinflamatórios e pro-inflamatorios na diferenciação entre esses dois estados. O objetivo central do presente trabalho foi investigar a relação entre treinamento físico e os estados FOR e _FOR através da analise de performance e de marcadores sericos e teciduais imunológicos, bioquímicos e hematológicos em ratos submetidos a um protocolo de indução ao overtraining desenvolvido recentemente em nosso laboratório. O presente trabalho esta dividido em dois capítulos escritos na forma de artigos científicos. O capitulo 1 consiste em um artigo de revisão da literatura sobre processo inflamatório e treinamento físico. Anexo ao artigo segue o roteiro de estudos que será utilizado como ferramenta didática em sala de aula quando da discussão do processo inflamatório desencadeado pelo exercício e treinamento físico. No capitulo 2 apresentamos os dados de performance e as concentrações hepática e muscular das citocinas Fator de Necrose Tumoral (TNFa), Interleucina 1 (IL-1ß), Interleucina 6 (IL-6) e Interleucina 10 (IL-10); concentracao muscular dos aminoácidos Glutamina (Gln) e Glutamato (Glu); concentração serica de Proteína C-reativa (PCR), Albumina, Acido Urico (AU), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), Creatina Quinase (CK), Ureia, Proteínas Totais e Creatinina, alem do hemograma completo de ratos alimentados ad libitum e submetidos a um protocolo controlado de treinamento em esteira, contendo um período de desequilíbrio entre o estimulo do exercício e o tempo de recuperação entre os estímulos. O protocolo teve a duração de 11 semanas, sendo: treinos 1x/dia da 1ª a 8ª semana, treinos 2x/dia na 9ª semana, treinos 3x/dia na 10ª semana e treinos 4x/dia na 11ª semana. A performance e os biomarcadores foram analisados apos a 9ª semana e apos a 11ª semana. Os animais sacrificados apos a 9ª semana constituíram o grupo treinado (Tr). Os animais do grupo controle (CO) também foram sacrificados na 9ª semana. Os resultados mostraram que a performance da maioria dos ratos melhorou significativamente (p<0,05) apos a 11ª semana em relação ao grupo Tr, sendo estes caracterizados como grupo FOR. Corroborando com o dado de performance o grupo FOR mostrou um maior padrão antiinflamatório muscular (?[IL6] e ??[TNFa ?e IL-1 ß]), antiinflamatório serico (?[PCR]) e antioxidante serico (?[AU e FRAP]) (p<0,05). Ao mesmo tempo apresentou um maior padrão pró-inflamatório no fígado (?[TNFa ?e IL-1 ß]) (p<0,05). Exibiu ainda tendência de queda (p>0,05) da concentração serica da CK e dos leucocitos, assim como dos componentes de sua contagem diferencial (neutrofilos, linfocitos e bastonetes) e queda (p<0,05) na razao Gln/Glu em relação ao grupo Tr. O grupo FOR apresentou tambem queda (p<0,05) do numero de hemaceas e do hematocrito. Os resultados apresentados sugerem que os ratos do grupo FOR apresentavam-se mais adaptados que os ratos dos grupos CO e Tr, exibindo um padrao antiinflamatorio serico e muscular alem de adaptacao antioxidante serica.
Abstract: Physical exercise can cause trauma to biological structures as skeletal muscle, joints, bone and several other tissues. Training in a chronic way and considering training-recovery relationship can lead to a coherent sequence of trauma and consequently to organic adaptive condition (Functional Overreaching - FOR). On the other hand an imbalance between training-recovery can lead to organic non-adaptive condition, directed by performance decrease and several other symptoms (Non-Functional Overreaching - NFOR and/or Overtraining Syndrome - OTS). Literature suggested that anti and pro-inflammatory markers are involved in the differentiation of these states. Our main goal was to investigate the relationship among exercise training, FOR and NFOR through performance added to serum and tissue immunologic, biochemical and hematological biomarkers in rats submitted to an overtraining inducing protocol recently developed in our laboratory. This work was divided in two chapters written as scientific articles. Chapter 1 consists in literature data review about inflammatory process and exercise training. A study guidebook follows this review to be used as a teaching tool to discuss the relationship between inflammatory process and exercise training. Chapter 2 presents data as performance added to muscle and hepatic cytokines concentration: Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNFa), Interleukin 1-Beta (IL-1ß), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Interleukin 10 (IL-10); muscle aminoacids concentration: Glutamine (Gln) and Glutamate (Glu); serum concentration of C-reactive Protein (CRP), Albumin, Uric Acid (UA), Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP), Creatine Kinase (CK), Urea, Total Proteins, Creatinine and hemogram from rats submitted to a treadmill training protocol containing an imbalance between exercise and rest. Protocol consisted in 11 weeks training 1x/day from week 1 to week 8; training 2x/day at week 9; training 3x/day at week 10; training 4x/day at week 11. Performance and biomarkers were analyzed after week 9 and week 11. The rats sacrificed at 9th week constituted trained group (Tr). The control group (CO) was also sacrificed at 9th week. Results showed that performance of mostly rats were significantly increased after 11th week (p<0,05) and then characterized group FOR. The FOR group showed a greater anti-inflammatory pattern in muscle (?[IL6] and ??[TNFa ?and IL-1 ß]) and serum (?[CRP]) beyond a greater serum antioxidant status (?[UA and FRAP]) (p<0,05). The liver analysis showed a greater pro-inflammatory status (?[TNFa ?and IL-1 ß]) (p<0,05). There was a decrease tendency in CK serum concentration and WBC total and relative count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, band cells) added to a decrease (p<0,05) in Gln/Glu ratio when compared to Tr group. There was also a decrease in RBC and HCT at FOR (p<0,05) in relation to Tr group. We concluded that rats from FOR group were more adapted than CO and Tr rats, exhibiting muscle and serum antiinflammatory and antioxidant pattern.
Doutorado
Bioquimica
Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
2
Pena, Clesio Borges. « Associação de carbonato de londenafil (Helleva) e treinamento fisico na ereção peniana de ratos ». [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308922.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Edson AntunesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade ce Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A ereção peniana envolve a interação da estimulação neural do músculo liso do corpo cavernoso bem como liberação neuro-humoral de fatores contráteis e relaxantes do endotélio. A cascata de sinalização óxido nítrico (NO)/(GMPc) é o evento mais importante e efetivo no mecanismo de ereção peniana. Nesta última década, diversos inibidores de fosfodiesterase tipo 5 (PDE5) foram desenvolvidos e aprovados para o tratamento da disfunção erétil. Estes fármacos atuam inibindo a ação da PDE5 sobre o GMPc, que modula respostas fisiológicas em vários tecidos, como o relaxamento do músculo liso do corpo cavernoso. Dentre os inibidores de PDE5, são atualmente comercializados o sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil e o carbonato de lodenafil, sendo este último sintetizado no Brasil. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: 1. Avaliar a eficácia do carbonato de lodenafil na função erétil de ratos, usando a técnica de pressão intracavernosa (ICP); 2. Avaliar o possível sinergismo entre o treinamento físico e o inibidor de PDE5 carbonato de lodenafil; e 3. Avaliar o efeito do carbonato de lodenafil, isoladamente, ou em associação com o treinamento físico na ICP de ratos submetidos (ou não) ao tratamento crônico com L-NAME. Ratos Wistar machos foram anestesiados com uretana (1,2 g/ Kg) por via intraperitonial. A seguir foi realizada uma traqueostomia para facilitar a respiração do animal, e a artéria carótida foi canulada para o monitoramento contínuo da pressão arterial média (MAP). Uma cânula provida de agulha foi inserida no corpo cavernoso esquerdo para registro da ICP, usando-se transdutores de pressão. A cavidade abdominal foi aberta expondo o nervo cavernoso esquerdo, localizado na região dorso-lateral da próstata. Um eletrodo bipolar de platina conectado a um estimulador foi posicionado sobre o nervo cavernoso. Estimulações elétricas do nervo cavernoso (pulso de 1 ms, 45 s, 6 V) a diferentes freqüências (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 Hz) foram aplicadas. As alterações de pressão foram registradas em sistema PowerLab de aquisição de dados. A administração da droga foi realizada pela veia jugular. O treinamento físico teve duração de oito semanas, em sessões de uma hora por dia, cinco dias por semana. O grupo que recebeu L-NAME fez um treinamento físico preventivo de quatro semanas, e no início da quinta semana o L-NAME passou a ser administrado na dose aproximada de 10 mg/rato/dia, durante 4 semanas. Observamos que o treinamento físico em animais normotensos não alterou a pressão arterial média nem a pressão intracavernosa. O tratamento crônico com L-NAME aumentou a pressão arterial média nos animais sedentários. No entanto, este aumento foi atenuado nos animais submetidos ao treinamento físico. O L-NAME aboliu a resposta erétil (valores de ICP) nos animais sedentários. O treinamento físico não foi capaz de prevenir ou atenuar a queda da pressão intracavernosa induzida pelo L-NAME. O carbonato de lodenafil se mostrou eficaz em promover aumento da pressão intracavernosa tanto em animais sedentários bem como em treinados, no entanto, não houve sinergismo entre o treinamento físico e o carbonato de lodenafil. Adicionalmente, a associação entre treinamento físico e carbonato de lodenafil não foi eficaz em restaurar os valores de ICP em animais tratados com L-NAME.
Abstract: Penile erection involves an interaction between neural stimulation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle and neurohumoral contractile and relaxing factors released from the endothelium. The nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway is the most important and effective mechanism of penile erection. In the last decade, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors were developed and approved for treating erectile dysfunction. These compounds inhibit the PDE5, which deactivates the cGMP, responsible by several physiological responses in many tissues, such as the relaxation of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle. To date, 4 PDE5 inhibitors are commercially available, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil and lodenafil carbonate, the last one being synthesized in Brazil. The aim of this work was: 1) to evaluate the efficacy of lodenafil carbonate in rat erectile function, measured by the intracavernous pressure (ICP); 2) to evaluate whether the erectile responses of lodenafil carbonate are potentiated in exercised rats; and 3) to evaluate the effects of lodenafil carbonate, only, or associated to physical exercise in the ICP, in rats submitted (or not) to chronic treatment with L-NAME. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/Kg, i.p.). It was performed a tracheotomy to allow the animal to breath, and the carotid artery was cannulated to continuously measure the mean arterial pressure (MAP). A needle coupled to a cannula was inserted in the left corpus cavernosum to measure ICP. The abdominal cavity was open and the cavernous nerve was exposed. A platinum bipolar electrode was placed on the cavernous nerve and connected to an electric stimulator. Electrical field stimulation of the cavernous nerve (pulses of 1 ms, 45 s, 6 V) under different frequencies (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 Hz) were applied. Changes in the MAP and ICP were registered in a Powerlab¿ data acquisition system. Drugs were administered via jugular vein. The physical training program consisted in 60 min/day of running, 5 days/week and lasted eight weeks. In the group exercised which received L-NAME (10 mg/rat/day), LNAME administration started after the fourth week of training, during 4 weeks further. We observed that the physical training did not alter MAP and ICP in normotensive rats. Chronic L-NAME administration increased the MAP in sedentary rats. However, this increase was attenuated in trained rats. L-NAME administration blunted the increase in the ICP in sedentary rats and exercise was not able to prevent or attenuate this decrease in the ICP induced by L-NAME. Lodenafil carbonate was efficient in promote an increase in the ICP in both sedentary and trained animal. However, there was no synergism between lodenafil carbonate and exercise in producing increase in the ICP. Additionally, association between exercise and lodenafil carbonate was not able to restore the ICP in L-NAMEtreated animal.
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
3
Mussi, Ricardo Kalaf 1963. « Avaliação da resposta inflamatoria pos-isquemia e reperfusão pulmonar normotermica em ratos submetidos a exercicio fisico regular ». [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321926.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Ivan Felizardo Contrera ToroTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico na resposta inflamatória (permeabilidade vascular e influxo neutrofílico) após isquemia-reperfusão pulmonar (IRP) em ratos. Considerando que o treinamento físico tem propriedades protetoras em determinadas doenças cardiovasculares, hipotetizamos que animais submetidos a treinamento com exercício físico podem ficar protegidos contra a lesão causada pela isquemia e reperfusão pulmonar. Métodos: ratos Wistar machos (pesando entre 350g e 450g) foram divididos em três grupos: sham operados (SHAM); animais sedentários submetidos à isquemia-reperfusão (IR/SD) e animais treinados submetidos à isquemia-reperfusão (IR/TR). Animais treinados foram submetidos a um programa de oito semanas de treinamento em corrida, com sessões de 60min por dia, cinco dias por semana. Os ratos foram anestesiados e ventilados artificialmente. Após a toracotomia, a artéria pulmonar esquerda, o brônquio principal esquerdo e a veia pulmonar esquerda foram clampeados, mantendo o pulmão inflado parcialmente por 90 minutos. O clampe foi então removido e os pulmões voltaram a ventilar, e foram reperfundidos por duas horas. A circulação pulmonar foi perfundida através do tronco arterial pulmonar com solução salina. O extravasamento de proteína plasmática foi medido através do acúmulo de albumina sérica marcada com I. em ambos os pulmões, enquanto que a infiltração neutrofílica foi medida através da atividade de mieloperoxidase (MPO). 125Resultados: Após oito semanas de treinamento em corrida, o peso corpóreo foi significativamente menor em 15% no grupo treinado comparado com o do grupo sedentário (p<0,05). A contagem de células mononucleares e polimorfonucleares em ratos treinados não se altera significativamente quando comparada à dos ratos sedentários. A IRP causou acentuado aumento (p< 0,05) na permeabilidade vascular e na atividade da mieloperoxidase do pulmão direito dos animais sedentários. O precondicionamento físico dos animais atenuou significativamente (p< 0,05) a elevação da permeabilidade vascular, sem afetar o influxo neutrofílico. O protocolo de isquemia e reperfusão também resultou em níveis elevados de IL-1 ß e TNF-a no grupo sedentário, e foram revertidos pelo programa de treinamento em corrida. Os níveis séricos de IL-10 não foram alterados nos três grupos. Conclusões: Os dados deste estudo mostram que o precondicionamento físico atenua a elevação da permeabilidade vascular, mas não o influxo neutrofílico induzido pela isquemia-reperfusão em ratos. Estes dados sugerem que o treinamento físico age no componente vascular mas não no celular da resposta inflamatória, deste modelo, protegendo contra a lesão pulmonar causada pela isquemia-reperfusão
Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training on the inflammatory response (vascular permeability and neutrophil influx) after lung ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Considering that exercise training have protective properties in certain cardiovascular disease, we hypothesized that animals undergoing exercise physical training would be protective against direct lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Male Wistar rats (weighing 350g and 450g) were divided into tree groups: Sham operated (SHAM); sedentary animals submitted to ischemia-reperfusion (IR/SD) and trained animals submitted to ischemia-reperfusion (IR/TR). Trained animals underwent 8 weeks of run training program in sessions of 60 min/day, 5 days/week. Rats were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. After thoracotomy, the left pulmonary artery, bronchus and pulmonary vein were occluded, maintaining the lung in a partially inflated state for 90min. The clamp was then removed, and lungs were allowed to ventilate and reperfuse for 2h. The pulmonary circulation was flushed through the main pulmonary artery with salin solution. Protein plasma extravasation was measured as accumulation of human serum albumin labeled with I in the botht lung tissues, whereas neutrophil infiltration was measured as the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.125 Results: After 8 weeks of run training, the body weight was significantly 15% lower in trained groups compared with the sedentary group (p<0.05). Counts of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in trained rats did not significantly changed compared with sedentary rats. The lung ischemia-reperfusion caused a marked increase (p<0.05) in vascular permeability and MPO activity in the right lung of sedentary animals. The physical preconditioning of the animals significantly attenuated (p<0.05) the increased vascular permeability, without affecting the neutrophil influx. The ischemia-reperfusion protocols also resulted in increased levels of serum IL-1ß and TNF-a in sedentary group, and that was reversed by run training program. The serum levels IL-10 were not altered in all groups. Conclusions: Our data show that physical preconditioning attenuate the increased vascular permeability but not the neutrophil influx induced by rat lung ischemia-reperfusion. This data suggests that physical training act in the vascular (but not in the cellular) component of the inflammatory response to protect against the injury caused by lung ischemia-reperfusion
Doutorado
Cirurgia
Doutor em Cirurgia
4
Carmo, Clodoaldo Lopes do. « Alterações no desempenho fisico de corredores de elite do atletismo brasileiro apos quatro semanas de destrinamento/ ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/274748.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Miguel de ArrudaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: O destreinamento é a perda total ou parcial das adaptações induzidas pelo treinamento em resposta a diminuição ou interrupção dos estímulos de treinamento, caracterizando-se períodos iguais ou inferiores a quatro semanas (destreinamento de curta duração) e períodos superiores (destreinamento de longa duração). O destreinamento de curta duração é utilizado como forma de recuperação entre as temporadas de competições, com objetivo de restabelecer seus sistemas físico, fisiológico, psicológico dentre outros, podendo gerar perda das adaptações positivas do treinamento, sendo necessário estabelecer parâmetros que gerem informações sobre quais variáveis são mais afetadas nesse período e quão importantes elas são para o reinício dos treinamentos. Dessa maneira, esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações no desempenho após quatro semanas de destreinamento em dez corredores de elite do atletismo brasileiro, divididos em dois grupos: velocistas (VEL) e fundistas (FUN). Foram realizados testes pré destreinamento (PréD) e pós destreinamento (PósD) para verificar o comportamento de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e neuromusculares. A análise intra grupo dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios demonstrou quedas significantes apenas para velocidade no momento do consumo máximo de oxigênio (vVO2max) no grupo VEL (-4,2%), e freqüência cardíaca no ponto de compensação respiratório (FCPCR) no grupo FUN (5,01%) no PósD. Para os parâmetros neuromusculares alterações significantes foram encontradas no squat jump (SJ) do grupo FUN (5,13%) e no semi-agachamento (-10,7%) do grupo VEL no PósD. Quando utilizada a análise de variância para os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, diferenças significantes foram encontradas apenas no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2max) nos momentos PréD e PósD do grupo FUN quando comparado ao PósD do grupo VEL (p < 0,05). Já para os parâmetros neuromusculares, os valores da velocidade média em 40 metros (Vmed), velocidade máxima em 40 metros (Vmax), tempo total de corrida em 40 metros (tempo), SJ, CMJ, semi-agachamento e leg-press 450 do grupo FUN foram inferiores aos encontrados no grupo VEL, apresentando diferenças significantes (p < 0,05) nos dois momentos, PréD e PósD. Os resultados desse estudo demonstram que o destreinamento afeta de maneira diferente velocistas e fundistas, portanto é possível afirmar através desse estudo que quatro semanas de destreinamento acarreta perdas mínimas para o desempenho atlético quando relacionadas às características de cada grupo, e, aos parâmetros mais importantes para cada um deles, ou seja, parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios [ponto de compensação respiratório (PCR), vVO2max e VO2max] para o grupo FUN, e, parâmetros neuromusculares (velocidade, força e altura de saltos) para o grupo VEL, permitindo afirmar que quatro semanas de destreinamento é um período interessante de ser considerado para utilização no período de transição de corredores de elite.
Abstract: Detraining is the total or partial loss of training-induced adaptations in response to reduction or interruption of training stimuli, characterized as long-term detraining for periods longer than four weeks and short-term detraining for periods that not exceeding four weeks. The short-term detraining is used as a means of recovery between seasons of competition, aiming to restore their physical, physiological, psychological performances and others. However, concerns about the loss adaptation of the mentioned performances, can generate parameters that establish information about which variables are most affected during this period of detraining and how important they are for the training restart. Thus, this study was to evaluate changes in performance after four weeks of detraining in ten elite Brazilian runners athletes, divided into two groups: sprinters (VEL) and long and middle distance runners (FUN). Tests were conducted pre detraining (PreD) and after detraining (PosD) to verify the behavior of neuromuscular and cardio respiratory parameters. The within-group analysis of cardio respiratory parameters showed significant declines only in speed of running on maximum oxygen consumption (vVO2max) in group VEL (-4.2%) and heart rate of the respiratory compensation point (FCPCR) in FUN group (5,01%) in PosD. For the neuromuscular parameters significant changes were found in the squat jump (SJ) to FUN group (5.13%) and semi-squat (-10.7%) to VEL group in PosD. When used analysis of variance for the cardio respiratory parameters, significant differences were found only in maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) at times PreD and PosD for FUN group when compared to PosD of the VEL group (p <0.05). For the neuromuscular parameters, the values of verage speed at 40 meters (VMED), maximum speed at 40 meters (Vmax), total running time at 40 meters (time), SJ, CMJ, half-squat and leg press 450 of the FUN group were lower than those found in VEL group, showing significant differences (p <0.05) in both moments, PosD and PreD. The results of this study demonstrate that detraining affect differently sprinters and long and middle distance runners, so it is possible to say for these findings that four weeks of detraining leads to minimal losses for athletic performance when linked to the characteristics of each group, and the most important parameters for each of them, cardio respiratory parameters (respiratory compensation point, VO2max and vVO2max) for FUN group, and neuromuscular parameters (speed, strength and height of jumps) for VEL group, confirming that four weeks detraining is an interesting period to be considered for use as recovery in transition period for elite runners.
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
5
Grassmann, Viviane [UNIFESP]. « Os efeitos do treinamento fisico combinado sobre as funções cognitivas de idosos saudáveis ». Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9890.
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Publico-061.pdf: 1435875 bytes, checksum: 1afa77ce414913258d6fac6e89cdb379 (MD5)Entre as alterações inerentes ao envelhecimento pode-se observar o surgimento do declínio cognitivo. Contudo, uma vida saudável com a prática de exercícios físicos parece gerar um efeito protetor contra o declínio cognitivo nos idosos. Segundo a literatura, tanto os exercícios aeróbios quanto os resistidos, quando praticados isoladamente, parecem beneficiar a cognição. Contudo, ainda não foi descrito se a combinação de ambas as modalidades acarretaria o mesmo beneficio. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar os efeitos que o treinamento combinado traria para a função cognitiva de idosos saudáveis. Foram selecionados trinta e três idosos saudáveis que foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: o Controle (N = 17) e o Combinado (N = 16). O grupo controle foi orientado a manter as suas atividades habituais, e o combinado participou de um programa de treinamento composto por exercícios físicos aeróbio e resistido, três vezes por semana, em dias alternados, por um período de seis meses. Os idosos, no início e ao final do protocolo, foram submetidos a avaliações físicas (ergoespirometria e teste de 1 Repetição Máxima - 1RM), cognitivas (por meio de medidas neuropsicológicas e neurofisiológicas), de humor, e de qualidade de vida, e também a análises sangüíneas (Fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina - IGF-1- e viscosidade do sangue). Os resultados demonstraram que nas avaliações físicas, tanto no consumo de oxigênio (p=0,01) quanto na 1RM (p=0,001), o grupo experimental, após o treinamento, apresentou uma diferença significativa em relação ao grupo controle. As variáveis relativas à composição corporal também tiveram diferenças significativas após a intervenção, ocorrendo uma diminuição da massa de gordura (p=0,016) e um aumento da massa livre de gordura (p=0,016). Além disso, no mesmo tipo de comparação, o grupo combinado, após um período de seis meses, apresentou um melhor desempenho nos seguintes testes: Figura Complexa de Rey e Taylor (p=0,01); Toulouse, no qual obtiveram um percentil maior na qualidade (p=0,045); Semelhanças (p=0,003); e Soma de todas das tentativas no teste de Pares Verbais Associados (p=0,043). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas nas demais análises. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que o treinamento físico combinado foi capaz de aumentar a força e a capacidade aeróbia de idosos saudáveis, tendo ocorrido também uma melhora na habilidade de abstração, no controle inibitório, na memória de curto prazo e na aprendizagem,
Among the changes associated with aging there is a cognitive decline. However, a healthy life style, such as physical exercise seems to generate a protective effect against this cognitive decline. The literature has shown that both aerobic and the resistance exercise, when practiced in isolation seem to result in benefits to cognition. Yet it is not described if the combination of both methods would result in the same benefit. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training on cognitive function in health elderly. Were select thirty-three elderly subjects who were randomly divided into two groups: Control (N = 17) and Combined (N = 16). The control group was instructed to maintain their usual activities and the combined group participated in a training program composed by aerobic and resistance exercise, three times per week on alternate days for a period of six months. Both groups underwent a physical assessment (spirometry and testing of 1 Repetition Maximum - 1RM), cognitive (through neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures), mood, quality of life and blood tests (Insulin-like growth factors type 1- IGF-1 - and blood viscosity) at the beginning and the end of the protocol. The results showed that in the physical assessments, both oxygen consumption (p = 0.01) and 1RM (p = 0.001), the experimental group after training showed a significant difference when compared to the control group. The variables relating to body composition also showed significant differences after the intervention, causing a decrease in fat mass (p = 0.016) and an increase in fat-free mass (p = 0.016). Moreover, the same type of comparison, the combined group, after a period of six months, performed better in the following tests: Rey Complex Figure and Taylor (p = 0.01); Toulouse, which obtained a percentile in the quality (p = 0.045); Similarities (p = 0.003); and Sum of all the attempts to test Verbal Associated Pairs (p = 0.043). There were no statistical differences in the other analysis. Thus, the conclusion is that the combined training can increase both strength and aerobic capacity in healthy elderlies, affecting an improvement in the ability of abstraction, inhibitory control, short-term memory and learning regardless of serum IGF-1 and blood viscosity.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
6
Claudino, Mario Angelo. « Influencia do treinamento fisico na função eretil de ratos com deficiencia cronica de oxido nitrico ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308934.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Edson AntunesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A disfunção erétil é definida como a incapacidade de alcançar ou manter ereção peniana adequada para a satisfação sexual, e ocorre em graus variáveis prejudicando a qualidade de vida do homem. A disfunção erétil está associada a fatores de risco como doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, hipercolesterolemia, envelhecimento, tabagismo e sedentarismo. O óxido nítrico (NO) é o principal mediador do relaxamento do músculo liso peniano. Evidências clínicas e experimentais indicam que a redução da disponibilidade de NO ou da reatividade ao NO endógeno leva à disfunção endotelial. Trabalhos recentes mostram que parte dos benefícios da atividade física regular no sistema cardiovascular é intensificar a produção de NO e/ou expressão da NOS pelas células endoteliais. Dessa forma, usando o modelo de inibição crônica da síntese de NO em ratos pelo L-NAME, investigamos os efeitos do treinamento físico regular na função erétil de ratos. Na primeira etapa, estudamos a influência do treinamento físico na função erétil de ratos saudáveis normotensos. Na segunda etapa, estudamos a influência do pré-condicionamento físico na função erétil de ratos submetidos a bloqueio crônico de NO. Na terceira etapa, avaliamos a eficácia terapêutica da atividade física regular na função erétil de ratos submetidos a bloqueio crônico de NO. Além das respostas funcionais (medidas de relaxamento de corpo cavernoso isolado e de pressão intracavernosa in vivo), realizamos a dosagem plasmática de nitrito/nitrato (NOx). A atividade plasmática da superóxido dismutase (SOD), a expressão protéica da NO síntase neuronal (nNOS), da nitrotirosina (3-NT) e da SOD, assim como a expressão gênica da gp91phox foram analisadas no corpo cavernoso. Em ratos sedentários, nossos resultados mostraram que o exercício físico por 8 semanas ampliou a resposta relaxante mediada pelo NO (NaNO2 acidificado), nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) e estimulação elétrica (EFS), sem alterar a resposta contrátil em resposta à fenilefrina (PE) e endotelina-1 (ET-1). Nos ratos com deficiência crônica de NO, o pré-condicionamento preveniu o aumento da pressão arterial e amplificou o relaxamento do corpo cavernoso induzido pelo SNP, ACh e EFS; porém, não alterou a resposta relaxante ao BAY 41-2272 e sildenafil. Além disso, o pré-condicionamento normalizou a pressão intracavernosa e os níveis plasmáticos de NOx. Ao avaliarmos o efeito do treinamento físico após instalação do bloqueio crônico de NO (eficácia terapêutica), notamos que a atividade física atenuou a hipertensão arterial, potencializou o relaxamento induzido pelo SNP e reverteu a redução do relaxamento em resposta à ACh e EFS. Além disso, normalizou a pressão intracavernosa e atenuou os níveis de NOx. A expressão protéica da nNOS e da PnNOS não foi alterada pela atividade física; porém, o aumento da nitração protéica (3-NT) foi previnida pelo treinamento físico nos animais hipertensos. A expressão protéica da SOD não foi alterada pelo treinamento; entretanto, a atividade física regular atenuou a redução da atividade plasmática da SOD. Os níveis de expressão gênica da subunidade catalítica da NADPH oxidase, a gp91phox, foram reduzidos pela atividade física regular nos ratos deficientes crônicos de NO, e restaurados pelo pós-condicionamento. Portanto, concluimos que o treinamento físico (pré ou pós-condicionamento), é uma estratégia nãofarmacológica eficiente capaz de reduzir o estresse oxidativo, aumentando a biodisponibilidade de NO, que resulta na melhora da disfunção erétil
Abstract: Erectile dysfunction is defined as the consistent or recurrent inability of a man to attain and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual activity, and can occur in different levels leading to an impairment of men¿s quality of life. Risk factors such as cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, aging, smoking and life sedentary increase the prevalence of erectile dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) is the main mediator of relaxation of penile smooth muscle. Clinical and experimental evidences suggest that decreased NO biodisponibility or NO reactivity contribute to erectile dysfunction. Recent studies have shown that part of beneficial effects of regular physical activity in the cardiovascular system is due to an increase in NO production and/or NOS expression by endothelial cells. Therefore, the aim of this work was to study the influence of run training on the erectile function from rats under chronic NO blockade by long-term treatment with L-NAME. First, we investigated the influence of physical training in the erectile function of healthy, normotense rats. Second, we studied the influence of prior physical conditioning in the erectile function of chronic NO-defficient rats. Third, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of regular physical activity (pós-conditioning) in the erectile function in chronic NO-defficient rats. To achieve this, we evaluated the functional responses (measurements of cavernosal relaxation in vitro and intracavernosal pressure in vivo) and the plasma levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and plasmatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS), nitrotyrosin (3-NT) and SOD, and gene expression of gp91phox in the corpus cavernosum. In healthy normotenses rats, physical training by 8 weeks improved the relaxant responses mediated by NO (added as acidified sodium nitrite solution; NaNO2), sodium nitricprusside (SNP) and electrical field stimulation (EFS), without affecting the contractile responses induced by phenilephrine (PE) and endothelin (ET-1). In NO-defficient rats, the prior physical conditioning attenuated the increased arterial pressure, and potentiated the relaxations of corpus cavernosum induced by SNP, ACh and EFS. However, no changes were found for BAY 41-2271 and sildenafil. In NO-defficient animals, the physical activity normalized the intracavernosal pressure and plasma NOx levels. The post-conditioning (therapeutic efficacy) also attenuated the L-NAME induced arterial hypertension, potentiated the SNP-induced relaxations and reverted the reductions of relaxing responses to ACh and EFS. Furthermore, post-conditioning nomalized the intracavernosal pressure and attenuated the plasma NOx levels. Protein expression of nNOS and PnNOS were not affected by post physical activity. However, the increase of protein nitration (3-NT) was reversed by postconditioning in the NO-defficient animals. The protein expression of SOD was not modified by exercise. Nevertheless, the physical activity attenuated the reduction of SOD plasma activity. The gp91phox expression was decreased in NO-defficient rats, and restored by physical training. In conclusion, we conclude that physical training (pre or post-conditioning) is an efficient nos-pharmcological approach able to reduce the oxidative stress, increasing the NO bioavailability that results in an improvement of erectile dysfunction
Doutorado
Doutor em Farmacologia
7
Abrantes, Julia Laura Fernandes 1984. « Investigação dos efeitos do treinamento fisico sobre o estresse oxidativo em ilhotas pancreaticas de ratos tratados com dexametasona ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Jose Roberto BosqueiroDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Quando em excesso, a administração de glicocorticóides pode induzir hiperglicemia, fator que tem sido associado ao aumento do estresse oxidativo em diversos tecidos. No pâncreas endócrino, o estresse oxidativo tem sido relacionado à perda de função e massa de células P pancreáticas, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento do diabetes tipo 2. Por melhorar a sensibilidade à insulina e a capacidade antioxidante em diversos tecidos, o treinamento físico moderado poderia ser uma importante ferramenta na prevenção do estresse oxidativo em pâncreas endócrino. Para testar essa hipótese, o presente trabalho investigou o efeito do treinamento físico de intensidade moderada, realizado previamente a administração de dexametasona (DEX - 1mg/kg dep.c., durante 5 dias), sobre vários parâmetros metabólicos e sobre o estado redox de ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos. Quatro grupos experimentais foram utilizados: sedentário controle (SC), sedentário tratado com DEX (SD), treinado controle (TC) e treinado tratado com DEX (TD). O tratamento com DEX induziu hiperglicemia (níveis glicêmicos: 90.8 ± 3.9, 299.2 ± 24.3, 84.3 ± 2.9, 229.9 ± 19.2 mg/dL para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 10; P < 0.05), hipertrigliceridemia (níveis de triglicerídeos: 94.2 ± 4.3, 416.6 ± 54.3, 92.7 ± 6.0, 322.5 ± 48.7 mg/dL para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 5; P < 0.05) e hiperinsulinemia (níveis insulinêmicos: 1.10 ± 0.2, 23.01 ± 0.8, 1.21 ± 0.2, 21.66 ± 0.6 ng/mL para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 5; P < 0.05) de jejum em ratos SD e TD e resistência à insulina (RI) apenas em ratos SD (Taxa de decaimento da glicose - Kitt: 3 ± 0.2, 1.8 ± 0.1, 3.6 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.4 para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 5; P < 0.05). Além disso, reduziu o conteúdo total de insulina (CT: 191.6 ± 21.5, 97.1 ± 17.1, 370.3 ± 46.5, 185.6 ± 16.3 ng/ilhota para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 10; P < 0.05) e aumentou os níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio (EROs) em ilhotas pancreáticas de ratos SD e TD vs respectivos controles (EROs: 2.8 mM de glicose: 41.3 ± 2.6, 54 ± 1.3, 23.4 ± 1.5, 38.9 ± 4 UF/ug proteína; 22 mM de glicose: 33.3 ± 1.7, 38.4 ± 0.5, 10.1 ± 1.6, 28 ± 1.2 UF/ug proteína para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 10; P < 0.05). Já o treinamento físico foi capaz de prevenir a RI e reduzir em 23% os níveis glicêmicos de jejum dos ratos TD vs SD. Foi observado, ainda, aumento no CT e na secreção de insulina estimulada por glicose (11.1mM) em ilhotas isoladas de ratos TC e TD (Secreção em 11.1 mM de glicose: 1.4 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 0.2, 3.3 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL por ilhota por hora, para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 12; P < 0.05). Além disso, o treinamento físico induziu aumento no nível protéico da enzima antioxidante catalase (CAT: 100 ± 14.1, 113.8 ± 14.2, 151.6 ± 10.2, 183.2 ± 11.2, expresso como % SC, para SC, SD, TC, TD, respectivamente; n = 6; P < 0.05), bem como redução nos níveis de EROs em ilhotas de ratos TC e TD. Baseados nesses dados, nós sugerimos que o treinamento físico deva contribuir para melhora na homeostase glicêmica, além de aumentar a resistência de ilhotas pancreáticas ao estresse oxidativo.
Abstract: When in excess, glucocorticoid administration can induce hyperglycemia, which has been associated to increased oxidative stress in numerous tissues. In endocrine pancreas, the oxidative stress has been related to the loss of pancreatic P-cell function and mass, contributing to the development of type 2 diabetes. By improving the insulin sensitivity and the antioxidative capability in several tissues, moderate exercise training could be an important tool in the prevention of oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a moderate exercise training plan, executed previous to dexamethasone challenge (DEX - lmg/kg per b.w., for 5 days), on numerous metabolical parameters, as well as on the redox state of the pancreatic islets in rats. For this, four experimental groups were designed: sedentary control (SC), sedentary treated with DEX (SD); trained control (TC) and trained treated with DEX (TD). DEX treatment induced fasting hyperglycemia (blood glucose levels: 90.8 ± 3.9, 299.2 ± 24.3, 84.3 ± 2.9, 229.9 ± 19.2 mg/dL for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 10; P < 0.05), hypertriglyceridemia (blood triglyceride levels: 94.2 ± 4.3, 416.6 ± 54.3, 92.7 ± 6.0, 322.5 ± 48.7 mg/dL for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 5; P < 0.05) and hyperinsulinemia (blood insulin levels: 1.10 ± 0.2, 23.01 ± 0.8, 1.21 ± 0.2, 21.66 ± 0.6 ng/mL for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 5; P < 0.05) in SD and TD rats and insulin resistance (IR) only in SD rats (Rate for glucose disappearance - Kitt: 3 ± 0.2, 1.8 ± 0.1, 3.6 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.4 for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 5; P < 0.05). Additionally, it reduced total insulin content (CT: 191.6 ± 21.5, 97.1 ± 17.1, 370.3 ± 46.5, 185.6 ± 16.3 ng/islet for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 10; P < 0.05) and increased reactive oxygen species levels (ROS) in pancreatic islets from SD and TD rats vs respective controls (ROS: 2.8 mMof glucose: 41.3 ± 2.6, 54 ± 1.3, 23.4 ± 1.5, 38.9 ± 4 UF/ug proteína; 22 mM of glucose: 33.3 ± 1.7, 38.4 ± 0.5, 10.1 ± 1.6, 28 ± 1.2 UF/ug protein for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 10; P < 0.05). Of note, the exercise training was able to prevent IR and to reduce by 23% the fasting blood glucose levels in TD vs. SD rats. Exercise training also induced an augmentation in CT and in insulin response to stimulating glucose concentration (11.1mM) in isolated islets from TC and TD rats (Insulin secretion in 11.1 mM of glucose: 1.4 ± 0.2, 4.2 ± 0.2, 3.3 ± 0.2, 5.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL per islet per hour, for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 12; P < 0.05).. Still, exercise training induced an increase in the catalase protein levels, an antioxidant enzyme (CAT: 100 ± 14.1, 113.8 ± 14.2, 151.6 ± 10.2, 183.2 ± 11.2, expressed as % SC, for SC, SD, TC, TD, respectively; n = 6; P < 0.05), as well as reduction in ROS levels in TC and TD islets. Based on these data, we suggest that the moderate exercise training may improve glucose homeostasis and prevent oxidative stress in pancreatic islets.
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
8
Monteiro, Juliana Castro. « Efeitos da infusão de Heteropterys aphrodisiaca (O.Mach) associada ao treinamento fisico no sistema musculoesqueletico de ratos Wistar ». [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317839.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Orientador: Mary Anne Heidi DolderTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Este estudo investigou os efeitos da infusão de Heteropterys aphrodisiaca no músculo esquelético, tendão e osso de ratos submetidos ao treinamento de endurance. Ratos Wistar machos foram agrupados da seguinte maneira: CS-controle sedentário, HS-H. aphrodisiaca sedentário, CT-controle treinado, HT-H. aphrodisiaca treinado. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu de corrida em esteira motorizada, cinco vezes por semana, com aumento semanal de velocidade e duração. Os animais dos grupos controle receberam água, enquanto HS e HT receberam infusão de H. aphrodisiaca, diariamente, por gavagem durante 8 semanas, correspondente ao período de treinamento. O sangue foi coletado para dosagem de testosterona. O músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL), tendão calcanear e a tíbia foram congelados para análises histoquímicas, bioquímicas, biomecânicas e para Western Blot, ou preservados em fixador Karnovsky, sendo posteriormente processados para análises morfométricas e estereológicas utilizando microscopia de luz e eletrônica. O conteúdo de hidroxiprolina, a tensão máxima e o módulo de elasticidade aumentaram (p<0,05) nos tendões dos animais do grupo HT. A atividade da metalopeptidase-2 foi reduzida significativamente nos tendões dos animais do grupo HT. A região de compressão dos tendões dos animais do grupo HT apresentou intensa metacromasia, o que sugere aumento na concentração de glicosaminoglicanos nessa região tendão. Foi observada intensa birrefringência nas regiões de tensão e compressão dos tendões dos animais do grupo HT, o que pode indicar maior nível de organização dos feixes de colágeno. Os níveis de testosterona plasmáticos e a concentração de receptores de andrógeno no músculo esquelético aumentaram significativamente nos animais do grupo HS. A área média de secção transversa das fibras musculares dos animais do grupo HT foi semelhante à área das fibras dos animais sedentários, e aumentou significativamente quando comparados com os animais do grupo CT. A vascularização intramuscular e a densidade volumétrica de mitocôndria foram significativamente maiores nos animais do grupo HT. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos tipos de fibras musculares para todos os grupos. Os animais do grupo HT mostraram significativo aumento de força e tensão no limite elástico durante o teste biomecânico da tíbia. O conteúdo de colágeno e os dados morfométricos da tíbia não foram alterados nos diferentes grupos. A força e tensão máxima, rigidez e módulo de elasticidade da tíbia foram semelhantes em todos os grupos experimentais. As microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou aumento de lacunas e canais de Havers nos ossos dos animais treinados, além disso, os ósteons estavam mais desorganizados quando comparados com os ossos dos animais sedentários. Essas alterações podem indicar que os ossos dos animais treinados estavam sendo remodelados. Portanto, com oito semanas de treinamento não foi possível verificar alterações nas medidas morfométricas, composição e nas propriedades mecânicas (rigidez e módulo de elasticidade) dos ossos dos animais treinados e/ou tratados com a infusão da planta. Por outro lado, a associação do treinamento de endurance com H. aphorodisiaca resultou em tendões mais resistentes para suportar as altas cargas geradas pelas contradições musculares repetidas, aumentou a área de secção transversa das fibras musculares, a densidade volumétrica de mitocôndrias e a vascularização do músculo, assim, sugerindo um aumento da capacidade de endurance dos animais.
Abstract: This study investigated the effects of Heteropterys aphrodisiaca infusion on the skeletal muscle, tendon and bone of rats under endurance training. Male Wistar rats were grouped as follows: CS- control sedentary, HS- H. aphrodisiaca sedentary , CT-control trained, HT- H. aphrodisiaca trained. The training protocol consisted in running on a motorized treadmill, five times a week, with weekly increase in treadmill velocity and duration. Control groups received water while the HS and HT groups received H. aphrodisiaca infusion, daily, by gavage for the 8 weeks of training. The blood was collected for testosterone dosage. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, Achilles tendons and tibiae were frozen for histochemical, Western Blotting, biochemical and biomechanical analylis or preserved in Karnovsky's fixative, then processed for morphological analysis by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Biomechanical analysis showed significant increase (p<0.05) in maximum stress and modulus of elasticity of the tendons of the HT animal. The metalloproteinase-2 activity was reduced in the HT tendons. The compression region of tendons of HT animals had a stronger and more intense metachromasy, which suggests increase in glycosaminoglycan concentration in this region of the tendon. The most intense birefringence was observed in both compression and tesion regions of the tendon of HT animals, which may indicate a higher organizational level of collagen bundles. The tendon hidroxyproline content increased significantly is HS animals. The EDL mean cross-section area of HT group was similar to sedentary groups and increased significantly when compared with CT group. The intramuscular vascularization and mitochondria volume density were significantly greater in the HT group compared with other groups. No alterations were observed in the muscle fiber composition for all groups. The HT group showed significantly higher yield load and yield stress in the tibiae three-point bending test. The tibiae collagen content, morphometrical data were not significantly different for the four groups. The maximum load, stiffness, maximum stress and elastic modulus were statistically similar for all for the experimental groups. Scanning electron microscopy showed more lacunae and Havers canals in the bone of trained animals, moreover the osteons were more disorganized, when compared with sedentary groups. These alterations may indicate that the bone of trained animals was being remodeled. Possibly, the duration of training in this study was not sufficient to alter the bone morphometrical measurements, composition and mechanical properties (stiffness and modulus of elasticity) of the trained and treated animals. On the other hand, the association of endurance training with H. aphrodisiaca resulted in more resistant tendons to support high loads from repeated muscle contraction. Also, the association of H. aphrodisiacaI and the exercise protocol increased the mean area of muscle fiber, mitochondrial volume density and muscular vascularization , suggesting an increase of the endurance capacity of these animals.
Doutorado
Biologia Celular
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
9
Burgi, Katia. « Tirosina hidroxilase como marcador da atividade simpática em artérias musculares esqueléticas e renais de ratos normotensos : efeitos do treinamento fisico ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-19102007-122123/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Apesar de não alterar a pressão de normotensos, o treinamento físico (T) promove importantes ajustes periféricos e adapatações centrais do controle cardiovascular mediados pelo vago e simpático. Neste trabalho investigamos os efeitos do T (55% da capacidade máxima) sobre a inervação simpática vascular para os territórios muscular esquelético (locomotor e não locomotor) e renal e adrenais, através de imunohistoquimica e Western Blot para Tirosina-Hidroxilase (TH). T aumentou a capacidade física (+0,07±0,06 Km/h) e reduziu a FC (de 327±7 para 308±10 bpm), sem alterar a PA (126mmHg) e a estrutura de arteriolas dos diferentes territórios. T também determinou redução na imunoreatividade para TH nos músculos locomotores (-48%, p<0,05), sem alterações nos não locomotores e rins. A noradrenalina na artéria femoral (HPLC) encontrava-se reduzida após T. Nenhuma alteração foi detectada nas catecolaminas adrenais.Os dados indicam, que o T não altera as catecolaminas plasmáticas, mas reduz a atividade simpática vascular em normotensos, sendo este efeito tecido-específico.Exercise training (T) does not reduce pressure in normotensive, but causes peripheral and central adjustments on cardiovascular system, mediated by autonomic nervous system. In this study we investigated whether T (55% maximal exercise capacity) is able to change vascular sympathetic drive to skeletal muscle (locomotor, non-locomotor), kidney and adrenals, using immunohistochemistry and western blot for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). T improved performance (+0,07±0,06 Km/h) and reduced resting HR (from 327±7 to 308±10 bpm) without changing MAP (126mmHg) and arterioles wall/ lumen ratio in any tissue. T caused 48% decrease on TH-immunoreactivity of exercised muscles arterioles, without changes on non-exercised tissues. Norepinephrine concentration on femoral arteries was reduced after T. There was no change on adrenal. TH content. Decreased sympathetic drive to skeletal muscles arterioles (without changes on plasma cathecolamines) is a beneficial, tissue-specific effect in normotensive individuals.
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Leite, Sabrina Toffoli. « Comparação das respostas autonomicas e cardiorrespiratorias de homens e mulheres de meia-idade antes e apos treinamento fisico aerobio ». [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275163.
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Orientador: Mara Patricia Traina Chacon-MikahilDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica
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Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou comparar as adaptações autonômicas e cardiorrespiratórias em resposta a um programa de 12 semanas de treinamento físico aeróbio (TFA) em homens e mulheres de meia idade com hábitos de vida não ativos. Compuseram a amostra sete homens (GH), com média de idade de 44,6 ??2,1 anos, e sete mulheres (GM), com 51,7 ??4,8 anos, sendo que todas faziam terapia de reposição hormonal. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos ao treinamento físico aeróbio (caminhadas e trotes em pista, com intensidade entre 70-85% da freqüência cardíaca (FC) máxima. O treino foi composto por três sessões semanais, com a duração aproximada de 40-50 min cada sessão. Para a avaliação dos componentes autonômicos foram aplicados os protocolos de Manobra Postural Passiva (Tilt) e Eletrocardiografia Dinâmica de 24 horas (Holter), no qual foram selecionados trechos estáveis, tanto na vigília quanto no sono. Foram utilizados para a análise no domínio do tempo o desvio padrão das médias dos intervalos entre as ondas R do eletrocardiograma (iRR), a raiz quadrada da média dos quadrados dos iRR e a porcentagem de iRR com duração menor que 50ms. Já para o domínio da freqüência, por meio da aplicação da transformada rápida de Fourier, foram analisadas as faixas de baixa (LF) e alta (HF) freqüências, também em unidades normalizadas, além da potência total. Na avaliação das variáveis cardiorrespiratórias foi realizado um protocolo de esforço contínuo em cicloergômetro com incrementos crescentes de potência até a exaustão, com registro da freqüência cardíaca e análise direta de gases expirados. Os resultados mostraram que na avaliação do Holter não foram observados efeitos do treinamento nos indicadores simpático e parassimpáticos, e que o GM apresentou valores de HF ligeiramente maiores e LF menores em comparação ao GH, tanto em vigília quanto em sono, nas condições sedentário e treinado. Já no Tilt, foi possível detectar um aumento na média dos iRR após o treinamento, redução na pressão arterial sistólica de repouso e na FC máxima. Com relação à capacidade cardiorrespiratória, o GM apresentou resultados inferiores ao GH nas duas condições estudadas. Pode se concluir, portanto, que realmente as mulheres de meia idade apresentam diferenças cardiovasculares importantes quando comparadas aos homens, e que o TFA foi capaz de aprimorar a capacidade cardiorrespiratória, os valores de pressão arterial e de FC de ambos os grupos. Já com relação ao controle autonômico, na mensuração pelo Holter, não foram encontradas modificações após o treinamento físico proposto, e pela análise do protocolo de Tilt foi possível observar redução dos iRR e modificação nos valores de pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca instantânea, em ambos os grupos. Demais modificações podem não ter ocorrido em virtude da duração total do treinamento
Abstract:The aim of this research was to compare the autonomic and cardiorespiratory adaptations in response to a 12 weeks aerobic physical training program with middle age men and women with inactive habits of life. The sample was composed by seven men (GH), with mean age of 44.6 ± 2.1 years old, and seven women (GM) with 51,7 4.8 years old, all of them with hormone replacement therapy. All volunteers participated of a aerobic physical training (walks and runnings, with intensity between 70-85% of max HR. The training was composed by three sessions a week, with with the approximate duration of 40-50 minutes each session. For the assessment of autonomic components were applied the Tilt Test and 24 hours Dynamic Eletrocardiografy (Holter), which were selected stable excerpts during the vigil and the sleep. It was used for the Time Domain analysis the standard averages between R waves of the electrocardiogram (iRR), the square root of the mean square of the iRR and the percentage of iRR lasting less than 50ms. For the Frequency Domain analysis it was used the low and high frequencies, also in the normalized units, as well the total power by the Fast Fourier Transforming. To evaluate the cardiorespiratory variables it was performed a cycle ergometer protocol with increasing increments of power until the exhaustion, with the registration of heart rate and analysis of expired gases. The results showed that in the Holter evaluation no training effects were observed in sympathetic and parassimpathetic indicators, and the GM presented a higher HF and lower LF than the GH, as vigil as sleep, both sedentary and trained conditions. In the Tilt Test, it was possible to detect an increase in the average of iRR after training, reduction in systolic blood pressure at rest and maximum heart rate. About the cardiorespiratory capacity, the GM always showed shorter resuts than GH. It can be concluded that the middle age women really have important cardiovascular diferences in comparison to men, and that the TFA was able to improve the cardiorespiratory capacity, the values of PA and HR of both groups. In the autonomic control analysys, by dynamic ECG measurement, it was not found significant changes afte the physical training and by Tilt protocol analysys it was observed reduction of iRR and changes of the blood pressure and instantly heart rate values, in both groups. Other changes may not have occurred perhaps because of the insuficient duration of the training, to achieve such gains
Mestrado
Ciencia do Desporto
Mestre em Educação Física
Livres sur le sujet "Training fisico"
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Jimenez, Eduardo Medina. Actividad Fisica y Salud Integral. Barcelona, Spain : Paidotribo Editorial, 2003.
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Estética afirmativa : Corpo negro e educação fisica. Salvador, BA : EDUNEB, 2010.
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Mens sana in corpore sano : Ricerche di storia dell'educazione fisica e dello sport (2003-2013). Padova : CLEUP, 2013.
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Guatemala. Ley nacional para el desarrollo de la cultura fisica y el deporte. titulo 1 : 1,4,y5. Guatemala, C.A : Librería Jurídica, 1997.
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Argentina) Congreso Argentino de Educación Fisica y Ciencias (1st 1993 La Plata. Actas : 1 Congreso Argentino de Educación Fisica y Ciencias, La Plata, 8 al 12 de septiembre de 1993. La Plata] : El Departamento, 1995.
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Ecuador. Leyes, educación, universidades y escuelas politecnicas, cultura, patrimonio cultural, educación fisica : Reglamentos. 5e éd. Ecuador : Corporación de Estudios y Publicaciones, 2000.
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Gori, Gigliola. Educazione fisica, sport e giornalismo in Italia : Dall'unità alla prima olimpiade dell'era moderna. Bologna : Patron editore, 1989.
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Correia, Mesaque Silva, Francisco Newton Freitas et Mara Jordana Magalhães Costa. O estágio supervisionado como lugar de fala do licenciando em educação fisica : Narrativas de aprendizagens. Teresina, PI : EDUFPI, 2019.
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Augustus, Bucher Charles. Management of physical education & athletic programs. 9e éd. St. Louis : Times Mirror/Mosby College Pub., 1987.
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National Association for Sport and Physical Education, dir. Physical education for lifelong fitness : The Physical Best teacher's guide. 2e éd. Champaign, IL : Human Kinetics, 2005.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Training fisico"
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Valentim, Paulo. « FISEC—A European network of food industry students ». Dans Education and Training in Food Science, 209–10. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698201.7.209.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Training fisico"
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Fine, D. S. « Effective Technical Training Of Product Engineers For The 1990's ». Dans 22nd FISITA Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/885005.
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Morelli, Alberto. « Education And Training On Automotive Technologies in The Turin Technical University ». Dans 22nd FISITA Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/885001.
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Plonka, F. E., R. J. Piccirilli et R. L. Stewart. « Training Human Resources Of (Manufacturing In The Utilization Of Computer-Based Methods For improved Performance ». Dans 22nd FISITA Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States : SAE International, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/885002.
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Dorscheidt, Frank, Matteo Meli, Johannes Claßen, Sascha Krysmon, Stefan Pischinger, Michael Görgen, Christian Dönitz, Peter Bailly et Martin Nijs. « Modelling of Gasoline Engine-Out Emissions Using Artificial Neural Networks ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-epv-080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
"Due to ever shorter time-to-market requirements and a simultaneous increase in powertrain complexity, the challenges in the field of gasoline powertrain calibration are growing. In addition, the great variety of vehicle variants requires an increasing number of prototype vehicles for calibration and validation tasks within the framework of the current Real Driving Emissions (RDE) regulations and the expected Euro 7 emission standards. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) approaches have been introduced successfully to support the calibration tasks in parallel to the conventional vehicle development activities. Using highly sophisticated simulation models, the HiL approach enables a more reliable compliance with the emission limits and improves the quality of calibrations, while reducing the number of required prototype vehicles, test resources and thus overall development costs. To further improve the quality, this paper presents a novel real-time simulation model that aims to predict the exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine in virtual driving cycles to support the HiL-based virtual emission calibration process. This real-time emission model is based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and can simulate the gaseous engine-out emissions during stationary operation of the engine as a function of all relevant quantitatively measurable and physically relevant influencing factors. To enable the emission simulation during real driving cycles, correction factors are added to the ANN to account for the influence of transient engine behavior on the engine-out emissions. In a first step, it is shown how 20,000 data points from engine test bench measurements are used to train the ANN. As result, a high reproduction quality is achieved, with a maximum deviation of the simulated gaseous engine raw emissions and the real vehicle measurements during driving cycle operation of 4 %. In a second step, the number of training data is reduced to demonstrate the influence of the total number of data points on the simulation accuracy. With a reduction of the number of training data points by more than 80 %, a simulation accuracy of about 4 % can be maintained."
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Franz Plaschkies, Franz Plaschkies, et Ondrej Vaculin Ondrej Vaculin. « Estimation of the Impact of Human Body Variation on Its Crash Behavior Using Machine Learning Methods ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-pif-051.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The capabilities of virtual development of safety systems for occupant safety are increasing with the growth of acceptance, computational power and the usability of tools. Nevertheless, nowadays car safety systems are primarily developed using single statistical representations of humans, like the 5%-ile female or the 50%-ile male body. Hence variation of anthropometry existing in the real-world is only covered to a very limited extent. Recently, several studies developed fast calculating models using methods of rigid body simulation or metamodeling. They suggested investigating rapid or even near-real-time prediction-models for variations of outer parameters, such as airbag characteristics or crash pulse. In contrast, the proposed paper aims to get insight into the impact of human body variation on its crash behavior. This behavior can then be related to a model of a specific percentile. The objective of this approach is to run one simulation with a single representation of a human body and get data for deviated models based on previous simulations. Therefore, the main advantage of this concept is the reduction of the simulation time, needed to get all results of the occupants with different sizes (body mass index, statue, the ratio of sitting height and statue). To test the feasibility of the approach, a 2D rigid body system was created as a simplified model using LS-Dyna and Python. It represents a car's occupant who is restrained by a lap and shoulder belt under the influence of a crash pulse. The joint characteristics were modeled via spring, damper and friction definitions aiming for human-like behavior. To create a database, extensive simulations were carried out by varying the dimensions of body parts, applying a Latin-Hypercube Design Of Experiments scheme. The parameter limits were taken from UMTRI's human shape database. Since the minimal model provides a very limited set of reasonable assessment channels, only kinematic responses like maximum displacement and acceleration of the head and chest were evaluated. The obtained results seem to prove expected correlations between mass and maximum acceleration as well as forward displacement. For the model's training, different combinations of features and targets are tested. For example, the results from simulations with one body measure set are used as feature-vector, while the target-vector is formed by the kinematic characteristics of diverging human representations. After normalizing the data, various regression and machine learning algorithms were applied and their performance evaluated.
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Schwarzhuber, Thomas, Lukas Wörle, Michael Graf et Arno Eichberger. « Validity Quantification of Driver-in-the-Loop Simulation in Motorsport ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-vdc-047.
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Driving simulators are indispensable tools to be competitive in motorsport, for drivers as well as engineers. Fidelity and validity of a driver-in-the-loop simulator determine its utility for car setup development, drivers' training and race strategy investigations. The conclusions drawn from race preparations at a driving simulator take its validity at the vehicle's dynamic limits as a basis. A high level of simulator fidelity does not necessarily imply validity of research outcomes. Actuators, ergonomics and screen size as well as track model, vehicle model and motion cueing algorithms could influence simulator validity. Whereas the impact of track and vehicle model can be quantified, the impact of simulator motion on simulator validity is not yet holistically defined as objective data. Therefore, a method which quantifies the overall validity and the impact of individual simulator components is of high interest for further development. The methodology to quantify simulator validity is based on driving style identification. A method was introduced earlier in our department to categorize race drivers, driving at the limit of a vehicle's dynamic capabilities. From a motorsport engineer's point of view the overarching objective of simulator development is to have minimum deviation in driving style between track and simulator tests. Race drivers' driving style is defined, but not readily apparent, by their interactions with steering wheel and pedals. Recorded data of simulator and track operation is processed to calculate metrics during specific vehicle states. In this work the resulting driver metrics are further processed to driving style deviation metrics which describe discrepancies between race track and simulator operation. An evaluation of the derived metrics allows simulator validity quantification. The impact of motion stimuli on simulator validity is compiled using the introduced method to prove its relevance. As a result, the here presented method serves as a measure of motorsport simulator validity. Additionally, the method allows to quantify driving style deviation at variable simulator setups. The impact of various simulator components on simulator validity can be analyzed consequently. A limitation of the developed methodology is that the driver metrics are only validated for the classification of professional race drivers, driving the cars at the limit of their dynamic capabilities. Furthermore, validated track and vehicle models are mandatory requirements to evaluate the impact of motion stimuli on absolute validity of the simulator. Knowledge about the impact of various components on simulator validity will provide objective guidance for future driving simulator development. In this particular case, research on evaluation and optimization of motion cueing algorithms will be carried out which is motivated by the obtained findings. Special focus will be on the motion stimuli while driving the simulated vehicle close to its dynamic limits.
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Li, Weijian, Fengchong Lan, Jiqing Chen et Yigang Li. « Capacity Characteristics Analysis and Remaining Useful Life Estimation Method of Ternary Lithium Battery Pack ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-adm-060.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objective: Lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in electric cars as the source of power with its advantages of high energy density. The development and use of electric vehicles are affected by the performance degradation of the battery with cycling and ageing. However, the present researches on the battery cycle life are mainly focused on the single cell rather than battery packs, which is different from the actual situation of electric vehicles provided energy by battery packs. This paper examines the degradation characteristics of the battery pack during the charge and discharge cycle and suggest effective model to characterize the capacity degradation and predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of lithium-ion battery pack. Methods: An experiment was carried out for researching the degradation characteristics of the ternary lithium battery pack which is used in a electric car. The battery pack is tested for 400 charge and discharge cycles, in which the voltage and capacity data of the battery pack are collected through battery management system and test equipment. Random vector functional link (RVFL) network model is trained to track the pack's degradation trend over its cycle life based on experimental data analysis. Compared with RVFL, several approaches such as statistical models, Kalman filtering and Particle filtering are also applied to predict the remaining useful life of the pack. Results: From the analysis of experimental data, the remaining useful life of the battery pack drops from 37.271 Ah to 36.094 Ah after 400 cycles. At the end of discharge, the voltage distribution of the batteries in the battery pack is inconsistent, with a maximum difference up to 0.28V. When individual batteries reach the upper limit of charge or lower limit of discharge more quickly, the energy of the battery pack cannot be fully utilized and the remaining useful life is limited. The prediction results show that, Kalman filter and particle filter have errors in battery RUL prediction due to the form of state function. It can be seen in the prediction results at cycle 300 that RVFL model is more accurate to predict the battery pack remaining useful life trend. Conclusion: Different from the remaining life of a single battery, the inconsistency of battery capacity within a battery pack is an important factor limiting the overall battery pack life. The degree of capacity inconsistency of the batteries in the battery pack will further increase with cycling and ageing of the pack. Data-driven prediction models, such as SVM, neural network models, when performing predictions in 100 cycles, the amount of data available for training is insufficient to accurately predict RUL. Model-driven Kalman filtering and particle filtering prediction methods are limited by the form of model equations. As the number of cycles increases, Kalman filtering and particle filtering prediction methods are less accurate than SVM and RVFL.
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Yuan, Wanli, Tiande Mo, Yu Li, Baomin Duan et Wei Zhong. « ptimization Design of Large-displacement Motorcycle Emission Testing Procedures ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-epv-014.
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Economic and/or practical points to be addressed The large-displacement motorcycles, which engine displacements above 600cc, usually have good acceleration, strong power and large heat dissipation. Due to strict emission requirements leads by the new China IV emission standards that give rise to various problems during tests cycles, and the existing testing facilities and conditions cannot fully meet the testing requirements for such motorcycles. Therefore, the test cycle for the emission of pollutants from large-displacement motorcycles needs to be optimized to further ensure the detection accuracy and better provide accurate data support for large-displacement motorcycles. Methodology China is currently implementing the China IV emission standards (GB 14622-2016, GB 18176-2016) for motorcycles. Compared with European Union IV emission standards, the most important feature is the durability assessment for actual pollution control devices. This paper makes a detailed comparative analysis for the limitation and detection method of the Type I test, Type II test, Type III test, Type IV test, Type V test and On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) system test for the large-displacement motorcycles, and designed an optimized emission testing technology for large-displacement motorcycle emission test procedures.</p><p class="font_7"><br></p> <p class="font_7">Main scientific and technical<br>Through the analysis for a large number of test results of large-displacement motorcycles, it is considered that they are similar to other types of motorcycles in single emission test procedures for type II test, type III test, type IV test, and OBD system test. However, special features are found in Type I test and Type-V test because of differences in displacement, acceleration and heat dissipation in large-displacement motorcycles. In consequence, it is necessary to optimize the testing technology to provide improvement in emission detection method to ensure the data accuracy. It is believed that the following factors will have an impact on the emission results and shall be strictly controlled and improved: 1. Impact from the fuel; 2. Impact from the driving behavior; 3. Impact from the testing equipment and the ambient environment during the test; 4. Impact from the vehicle maintenance during the test. Through a large number of motorcycle tests, it has been fully verified that the above four factors have significant impacts on the emission results. The research and verification carried out on the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles can determine how to optimize these four factors to ensure the data accuracy for the emission test of large-displacement motorcycles. Achieved results Several factors that impact the large-displacement motorcycles emission test have been fully verified, indicating that the test procedures need to be precisely optimized that suggesting for testing procedures are summarized and given in the following four factors, thereby reducing emission detection errors and ensuring the test accuracy. 1. Standardized training method for the driver 2. Environmental condition control method 3. Environmental background gas concentration control method 4. Fuel control method and requirements
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Jinzhu Wang, Jinzhu Wang, Jie Bai Jie Bai, Libo Huang Libo Huang et Huanlei Chen Huanlei Chen. « Autonomous Driving Decision-making Based on the Combination of Deep Reinforcement Learning and Rule-based Controller ». Dans FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-acm-108.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As autonomous vehicles begin to drive on the road, rational decision making is essential for driving safety and efficiency. The decision-making of autonomous vehicles is a difficult problem since it depends on the surrounding dynamic environment constraints and its own motion constraints. As the result of the combination of deep learning (DL) and reinforcement learning (RL), deep reinforcement learning (DRL) integrates DL's strong understanding of perception problems such as visual and semantic text, as well as the decision-making ability of RL. Hence, DRL can be used to solve complex problems in real scenarios. However, as an end-to-end method, DRL is inefficient and the final result tend to be poorly robust. Considering the usefulness of existing domain knowledge for autonomous vehicle decision-making, this paper uses domain knowledge to establish behavioral rules and combine rule-based behavior strategies with DRL methods, so that we can achieve efficient training of autonomous vehicle decision-making models and ensure the vehicle to chooses safe actions under unknown circumstances. First, the continuous decision-making problem of autonomous vehicles is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). Taking into account the influence of unknown intentions of other road vehicles on self-driving decisions, a recognition model of the behavioral intentions of other vehicles was established. Then, the linear dynamic model of the conventional vehicle is used to establish the relationship between the vehicle decision-making behavior and the motion trajectory. Finally, by designing the reward function of the MDP, we use a combination of RL and behavior rules-based controller, the expected driving behavior of the autonomous vehicle is obtained. In this paper, the simulation environment of scenes of intersections in urban roads and highways is established, and each situation is formalized as an RL problem. Meanwhile, a large number of numerical simulations were carried out, and the comparison of our method and the end-to-end form of DRL technology were discussed. "Due to its robust operation and high performance during bad weather conditions and overnight as well as the ability of using the Doppler Effect to measure directly the velocity of objects, the radar sensor is used in many application fields. Especially in automotive many radar sensors are used for the perception of the environment to increase the safety of the traffic. To increase the security level especially for vulnerable road users (VRU’s) like pedestrians or cyclists, radar sensors are used in driver assistance systems. Radar sensors are also used in the infrastructure, e.g. a commercial application is the detection of cars and pedestrians to manage traffic lights. Furthermore, radar sensors installed in the infrastructure are used in research projects for safeguarding future autonomous traffic. The object recognition and accuracy of radar-based sensing in the infrastructure can be increased by cooperating radar systems, which consist out of several sensors. This paper focus on the data fusion method of two radar sensors to increase the performance of detection and localization. For data fusion the high level cluster data of the two radar sensors are used as input data in a neuronal net (NN) structure. The results are compared to the localization obtained by using only a single radar sensor operating with an ordinary tracking algorithm. First, different models for chosen region of interests (ROI) and operating mode of cooperative sensors are developed and the data structure is discussed. In addition, the data are preprocessed with a coordinate transformation and time synchronization for both sensors, as well as the noise filtering to reduce the amount of clusters for the algorithm. Furthermore, three NN structures (CNN, DNN and LSTM) for static + dynamic objects and only dynamic objects are created, trained and discussed. Also, based on the results further improvements for the NN performance will be discussed."
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Baitel, Irina, et Dan Deliu. « KINEMATIC ASPECTS OF DIRECT PUNCH CROSS AND JAB APPLIED IN SEMI-CONTACT ». Dans eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-230.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this study we aimed to determine and compare some characteristics of the cinematic direct punch jab and cross applied in semi-contact system. Kinematic data acquisition was performed using inertial navigation technology embedded in the MOVEN equipment from Xsens, Netherlands. The equipment was mounted on a topic of world, national and international champion of kick boxing and Thai boxing heavyweight senior.Series of shots were recorded using the MVN equipment and dedicated software and a video camera (120 f /s). Data collected using MOVEN system were converted and processed, yielding information about the velocity and acceleration of body segments (this information is presented for fist, elbow, shoulder and right hip in executions with right arm). Were obtained fist velocity between 6.17 and 7.29 m /s for jab applied in semi-contact style and fist velocity in the range from 6.95 to 7.93 m /s semi-contact cross. Velocity variation in time curves presents two main peacks whose height and scale depend on the application coup - semi-contact, full contact and striking variant (cross, jab). These peacks reffer to race of the fistto the target and return. The path to the target is much faster than to recovery in the original position.Compared with the values obtained for the same techniques, performed by the same athlete in non-contact system, without completion, without reaching any material target (maximum of 6.75 m /s for jab and 7.59 m /s for cross) semi-contact applied punches speeds had higher peak values, demonstrating that the effect of target (highlighted by another authors) exists and must be used in specific speed training.