Articles de revues : « Training and mechanisms basis for peak-performance »

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Fritzen, Andreas Mæchel, Anne-Marie Lundsgaard et Bente Kiens. « Dietary Fuels in Athletic Performance ». Annual Review of Nutrition 39, n^o 1 (21 août 2019) : 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124337.

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Focusing on daily nutrition is important for athletes to perform and adapt optimally to exercise training. The major roles of an athlete's daily diet are to supply the substrates needed to cover the energy demands for exercise, to ensure quick recovery between exercise bouts, to optimize adaptations to exercise training, and to stay healthy. The major energy substrates for exercising skeletal muscles are carbohydrate and fat stores. Optimizing the timing and type of energy intake and the amount of dietary macronutrients is essential to ensure peak training and competition performance, and these strategies play important roles in modulating skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. In this review, recent advances in nutritional strategies designed to optimize exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are discussed, with an emphasis on mechanistic approaches, by describing the physiological mechanisms that provide the basis for different nutrition regimens.

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Green, J. Matt, P. Jason Wickwire, John R. McLester, Shawn Gendle, Geoffrey Hudson, Robert C. Pritchett et C. Matt Laurent. « Effects of Caffeine on Repetitions to Failure and Ratings of Perceived Exertion During Resistance Training ». International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 2, n^o 3 (septembre 2007) : 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2.3.250.

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Context:Ergogenic effects of caffeine on aerobic or endurance exercise are well documented. Conversely, the ergogenic value of caffeine on high-intensity, primarily anaerobic performance is not well understood even though the proposed mechanisms of action for caffeine permit a strong theoretical basis for application to this type of exercise.Purpose:This study examined effects of caffeine (Ca) on number repetitions (reps), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and peak heart rate (PHR) during resistance-training exercise with reps performed to volitional failure.Methods:Subjects (N = 17) were tested for 10-rep maximum in bench press (BP) and leg press (LP). In sessions 2 and 3, Ca (~6 mg/kg) or placebo (Pl) was ingested 1 hr beforehand in a double-blind manner and counterbalanced order. Subjects performed 3 sets to failure (BP and LP) with reps, PHR, and RPE recorded each set. Repeated-measures ANOVAs, 2 (trial) × 3 (set), were used to analyze dependent measures with the Tukey honestly significant difference used when necessary as the post hoc test.Results:In BP, no significant differences (Ca vs Pl) were observed (reps, RPE, PHR). During set 3 of LP training, Ca was associated with significantly higher reps (12.5 ± 4.2 vs 9.9 ± 2.6) and PHR (158.5 ± 11.9 vs 151.8 ± 13.2). No signifcant RPE differences were found during LP.Conclusions:The findings of similar RPE concurrent with higher reps suggest that caffeine can blunt pain responses, possibly delaying fatigue in high-intensity resistance training. Ergogenic effects might be limited to the later sets in a resistance-training session. Further research is warranted regarding ergogenic effects of caffeine during resistance training and potential mechanisms of action.

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Nemmi, Federico, Charlotte Nymberg, Elin Helander et Torkel Klingberg. « Grit Is Associated with Structure of Nucleus Accumbens and Gains in Cognitive Training ». Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, n^o 11 (novembre 2016) : 1688–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01031.

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There is a long-standing interest in the determinants of successful learning in children. “Grit” is an individual trait, reflecting the ability to pursue long-term goals despite temporary setbacks. Although grit is known to be predictive of future success in real-world learning situations, an understanding of the underlying neural basis and mechanisms is still lacking. Here we show that grit in a sample of 6-year-old children (n = 55) predicts the working memory improvement during 8 weeks of training on working memory tasks (p = .009). In a separate neuroimaging analysis performed on a partially overlapping sample (n = 27), we show that interindividual differences in grit were associated with differences in the volume of nucleus accumbens (peak voxel p = .021, x = 12, y = 11, z = −11). This was also confirmed in a leave-one-out analysis of gray matter density in the nucleus accumbens (p = .018). The results can be related to previous animal research showing the role of the nucleus accumbens to search out rewards regardless of delays or obstacles. The results provide a putative neural basis for grit and could contribute a cross-disciplinary connection of animal neuroscience to child psychology.

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IORGA, Anca. « Execution of plies – basis of classical dance technique ». Theatrical Colloquia 12, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2022) : 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35218/tco.2022.12.2.14.

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We rest our endeavour on the fact that the correct technical execution of classical dance movements may lead to the development of specific motor skills and their accurate performance, hence leading to higher precision in movement. This will result in increased body stability when at rest and in motion, increased number of pirouette turns and in higher joint range of motion. This research aims at determining the interindividual differences occurring in similar training conditions in children learning classical dance techniques, and the way in which the proper acquisition of movement mechanisms helps improve the execution technique. Higher mobility of lower limb joints combined with the development of muscular strength in the lower body may lead to accurately performing the classical dance technical elements. We measure the subjects’ mobility of the lower limbs and the maximum amount of force generated by their lower body muscles during the first year of study. At the end of the year, after developing the basic skills, the subjects undergo retesting. Proper training at the appropriate time is an important indicator of measuring the accuracy of performing the motor skills developed over the years, thus contributing to a long and injury-free career of the dancers.

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Shekhavtsova, Svitlana. « THE CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF STUDENTS’ SUBJECTIVITIES TO THE PROFESSIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FUTURE PERFORMANCE ». Journal of Education Culture and Society 6, n^o 2 (1 janvier 2020) : 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20152.102.109.

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We discussed the notion of “students’ subjectivities” from the current psychological and pedagogical point of view. The author investigates the notion in its historical development. The paper reviews the developing students’ subjectivities, focusing on students’ abilities and personal characteristics, such as students’ setting goals, achievement values, recognizing actual or potential perspectives. The article aims to study the problem of developing students’ subjectivities and to carry out theoretical analysis of students’ subjectivities showing the historical development of this category and reflecting the stages of students’ professional and pedagogical development. The target group of students are students related to pedagogical teaching practice. Relations between students’ subjectivities and the efficiency of their future professional and pedagogical performance are discussed, as well as how to develop students’ subjectivities creating special pedagogical conditions during the academic process in the university. We also focus on stages of students’ professional and pedagogical development, such as the stage of students’ professional training, professional adaptation stage and directly professionalization. In this regard, we present the core conceptual bases of students’ subjectivities development to professional and pedagogical performance. The conceptual bases highlight the idea of students’ gradual change from one stage of students’ professional and pedagogical development to the following ones; the idea of the organization of reflective teaching activities of students’ interaction in the development of students’ subjectivities; and the idea of interpreting the mechanisms of the students’ subjectivities development.

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Haque, Ahteshamul, Abdulaziz Alshareef, Asif Irshad Khan, Md Mottahir Alam, Varaha Satya Bharath Kurukuru et Kashif Irshad. « Data Description Technique-Based Islanding Classification for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System ». Sensors 20, n^o 11 (11 juin 2020) : 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20113320.

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This paper develops an islanding classification mechanism to overcome the problems of non-detection zones in conventional islanding detection mechanisms. This process is achieved by adapting the support vector-based data description technique with Gaussian radial basis function kernels for islanding and non-islanding events in single phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. To overcome the non-detection zone, excess and deficit power imbalance conditions are considered for different loading conditions. These imbalances are characterized by the voltage dip scenario and were subjected to feature extraction for training with the machine learning technique. This is experimentally realized by training the machine learning classifier with different events on a 5 kW grid-connected system. Using the concept of detection and false alarm rates, the performance of the trained classifier is tested for multiple faults and power imbalance conditions. The results showed the effective operation of the classifier with a detection rate of 99.2% and a false alarm rate of 0.2%.

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Kachan, Yana. « TODAY’S CHALLENGES, WHICH INFLUENCE THE TRAINING AND ADVANCEMENT OF THE QUALIFICATION OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN UKRAINE ». Krakowskie Studia Małopolskie 33, n^o 1 (31 mars 2022) : 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ksm20220102.

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The article deals with the problem of qualification advancement of civil servants in Ukraine. The article reveals the problems connected with qualification advancement of the employees of the state authorities. The article outlines the main directions of formation of the current effective system of professional development of civil servants. It was found that the mechanisms of the system of vocational training, which are used in foreign countries, mainly do not vary from the domestic tools of professional development (e.g., workplace training, on-the-job training (lectures, seminars, workshops, interdepartmental trainings), group training, distance learning), but their application in practice has certain peculiarities. Reform requires a high level of qualification and professional uniformity of the management apparatus, which will enable to provide a professional basis for the constitutional uniformity of the system of power, as well as the transition (vertical, horizontal, interdepartmental, etc.) of public servants. The establishment of systemic and innovative thinking of public servants is considered to be a new challenge of today’s realities. It should be noted that “professionalism of a public servant is intended to ensure the proper performance of duties, stability of public service, the ability to solve complex problems and the ability and readiness to improve their qualification. The main criteria of professionalism of a public servant can include: Availability of high education; competence (knowledge, skills and abilities) in performance of duties; availability of practical work experience; discipline, responsibility; accurate adherence to the law; political neutrality; organizational, managerial skills, initiative, creativity; ability and inclination to work in the service career; social protection, as well as psychological, moral and ethical qualities”. At the same time, the character and nature of performance of duties by public servants require them to have not only basic organizational and managerial skills, competence and initiative in fulfilling the assigned tasks, but also high human qualities: orderliness, self-control, modesty and self-criticism, sense of responsibility for the entrusted task, concern for state and public interests. Professionalism is the main qualitative category of a public servant, which determines the efficiency of work and his career.

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Gunina, L. M., I. F. Belenichev, S. I. Danylchenko et O. K. Kozlova. « Approaches to Determination of Mechanisms of Ergogenic Action of Non-Pharmacological Antioxidant Orientations ». Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 7, n^o 2 (6 mai 2022) : 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs07.02.231.

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One of the powerful methodologies of ergogenic nature is the use of vibration loads in the mode of "whole body vibration", which in terms of frequency of oscillations mostly coincides with the frequency of oscillations of the microstructures of the body itself. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of non-pharmacological agents with antioxidant nature of action in vibration loads in athletes. Materials and methods. To assess the effectiveness of vibration loads as a non-pharmacological ergogenic agent, we have chosen vibration loads as one of the most characteristic mechanical effects on the human body. The study of the effectiveness and impact mechanisms of vibration loads on the body of athletes using domestic spiral-vortex simulator involved 24 representatives of cyclic sports. They are qualified rowers in kayaks and canoes. These athletes were divided into equal groups (12 people) by the number of group members – control and main. In the dynamics of research, not only changes under the influence of additional vibration loads of indicators of special physical performance were evaluated, but also numerous homeostatic parameters that reflect the severity of oxidative stress, structural and functional state of cell membranes, the degree of endogenous toxicity, intensity of humoral immunity, and also systemic factors that affect the formation of physical performance – the activity of the factor induced by hypoxia and the main angiogenic factor. Vibration load after the main standard training session was created using a spiral-vortex simulator «PLH-9051» for 30 minutes. The examination of the participants was conducted before starting and at the end of the stage of direct preparation for the competition. Results and discussion. The results of our study have proven that the vibration of the whole body in this mode does not lead to negative changes in the basic standard laboratory parameters of the body. At the same time, it was found that the indicators in the 12-minute test (endurance characteristics) and in the one-minute test (speed characteristics) significantly improved. As for the metabolic changes that are the basis for such rearrangements of the parameters of special physical performance, it is established that there is no additional activation of oxidative stress during vibration training. Vibration loads, firstly, have a positive effect at the subcellular level – the activity of lipid peroxidation reduces and antioxidant protection improves. At the same time, positive changes occur in the activation links of angiogenetic characteristics, which are an indirect reflection of the increase in the number of microvessels and the improvement of tissue blood circulation with the increase of oxygen transfer and plastic and energy substrates. Conclusion. Thus, according to the obtained data, vibration loads in the mode of vibration load of the whole body lasting 30 minutes after standard training load are similar to hypoxic training conditions, but without the occurrence of oxidative stress, and can be used for the same purpose – to improve adaptation mechanisms and increase physical performance at the special preparatory stage of athletes specializing in cyclic sports, and in a more general interpretation – in sports with a predominantly aerobic mechanism of energy supply

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Sten, Sebastian, Henrik Podéus, Nicolas Sundqvist, Fredrik Elinder, Maria Engström et Gunnar Cedersund. « A quantitative model for human neurovascular coupling with translated mechanisms from animals ». PLOS Computational Biology 19, n^o 1 (6 janvier 2023) : e1010818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010818.

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Neurons regulate the activity of blood vessels through the neurovascular coupling (NVC). A detailed understanding of the NVC is critical for understanding data from functional imaging techniques of the brain. Many aspects of the NVC have been studied both experimentally and using mathematical models; various combinations of blood volume and flow, local field potential (LFP), hemoglobin level, blood oxygenation level-dependent response (BOLD), and optogenetics have been measured and modeled in rodents, primates, or humans. However, these data have not been brought together into a unified quantitative model. We now present a mathematical model that describes all such data types and that preserves mechanistic behaviors between experiments. For instance, from modeling of optogenetics and microscopy data in mice, we learn cell-specific contributions; the first rapid dilation in the vascular response is caused by NO-interneurons, the main part of the dilation during longer stimuli is caused by pyramidal neurons, and the post-peak undershoot is caused by NPY-interneurons. These insights are translated and preserved in all subsequent analyses, together with other insights regarding hemoglobin dynamics and the LFP/BOLD-interplay, obtained from other experiments on rodents and primates. The model can predict independent validation-data not used for training. By bringing together data with complementary information from different species, we both understand each dataset better, and have a basis for a new type of integrative analysis of human data.

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Dayrit, Richard Dennis Juinio. « Nurses’ Work Motivation and their Demographics : Basis for Human Resource Management ». Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, n^o 1 (24 janvier 2021) : 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.81.9575.

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This study assessed the level of work motivation of 245 nurses generated through snowball sampling in a tertiary government hospital in Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia using the Multidimensional Work Motivation Scale. The results indicated that the nurses had a low level of amotivation, moderate levels of all subtypes of extrinsic regulation, and moderate levels of intrinsic regulation leading to an overall moderate level of work motivation. Significant differences in levels of work motivation were observed in the domain of amotivation when nurses were grouped according to work position; in the domain of extrinsic motivation-social when nurses were grouped according to civil status, monthly salary and years of experience in the institution; in the domain of extrinsic motivation-material when nurses were grouped according to years of experience in the institution; in the domain of introjected regulation when the nurses were grouped according to age and civil status; and in the domains of identified regulation and intrinsic motivation when they were grouped according to civil status (p≤0.05). Hospital administrators need to implement specific human resource management strategies such as: (1) the implementation of a fair system of staff performance appraisal through management by objectives; (2) the provision of training needs of staff for learning and career development; (3) mechanisms that foster social support among healthcare teams; (4) mechanisms that promote nurse engagement, autonomy and empowerment; and (5) a consistent and equitable system of rewards and promotions in order to enhance the level of work motivation of nurses.

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Boyne, Pierce, Colleen Meyrose, Jennifer Westover, Dustyn Whitesel, Kristal Hatter, Darcy S. Reisman, Daniel Carl et al. « Effects of Exercise Intensity on Acute Circulating Molecular Responses Poststroke ». Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, n^o 3 (24 janvier 2020) : 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968319899915.

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Background. Exercise intensity can influence functional recovery after stroke, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective. In chronic stroke, an intensity-dependent increase in circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was previously found during vigorous exercise. Using the same serum samples, this study tested acute effects of exercise intensity on other circulating molecules related to neuroplasticity, including vascular-endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and cortisol, with some updated analyses involving BDNF. Methods. Using a repeated-measures design, 16 participants with chronic stroke performed 3 exercise protocols in random order: treadmill high-intensity interval training (HIT-treadmill), seated-stepper HIT (HIT-stepper), and treadmill moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MCT-treadmill). Serum molecular changes were compared between protocols. Mediation and effect modification analyses were also performed. Results. VEGF significantly increased during HIT-treadmill, IGF1 increased during both HIT protocols and cortisol nonsignificantly decreased during each protocol. VEGF response was significantly greater for HIT-treadmill versus MCT-treadmill when controlling for baseline. Blood lactate positively mediated the effect of HIT on BDNF and cortisol. Peak treadmill speed positively mediated effects on BDNF and VEGF. Participants with comfortable gait speed ≥0.4 m/s had significantly lower VEGF and higher IGF1 responses, with a lower cortisol response during MCT-treadmill. Conclusions. BDNF and VEGF are promising serum molecules to include in future studies testing intensity-dependent mechanisms of exercise on neurologic recovery. Fast training speed and anaerobic intensity appear to be critical ingredients for eliciting these molecular responses. Serum molecular response differences between gait speed subgroups provide a possible biologic basis for previously observed differences in training responsiveness.

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Wang, W., et Yang Tang Xun. « Difference in physical training between different athletics competitions ». Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 15. Scientific and pedagogical problems of physical culture (physical culture and sports), n^o 12(120) (25 décembre 2019) : 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series15.2019.12(120)19.06.

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The article analyses differences in physical training between different athletics competitions. The content of the year-long training of athletes is disclosed. It is noted that the experience of the world sports practice confirms the need to orient the sports training system to achieve high results in the main competitions with strictly differentiated competitive activity, where different competitions are considered as preparatory, control and used as a means of preparation. It is determined that planning of annual preparation provides orientation on final results formed in the form of a goal - achievement of the specified sports result at Olympic Games (three-cycle model), as well as achievement of the specified sports results at the World Cups and during other competitions (four-cycle model). At the same time it is advisable to plan annual preparation on the basis of several independent structural components, all elements of which are united by a common task - achievement of the state of the highest readiness of the athlete, which would ensure successful performance in the main competitions. Physical training between competitions provides for exercises, which in athletics are divided into three groups. One of them - general development exercises intended for comprehensive physical development primarily of beginners and poorly trained athletes. Besides general development exercises increase mobility of joints and improve ability of the athlete to coordinate the movements. These exercises are also used to correct defects in body structure and physical development. With regard to special exercises, it should be noted that any exercise involving one or more competition elements in the inter-competition period, meeting competitive requirements both in terms of external nature of performance and in terms of energy supply mechanisms (aerobic and anaerobic), can be considered as specially preparatory.

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Merkulyeva, Natalia, Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii, Aleksandr Veshchitskii, Oleg Gorskii et Pavel Musienko. « Rostrocaudal Distribution of the C-Fos-Immunopositive Spinal Network Defined by Muscle Activity during Locomotion ». Brain Sciences 11, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2021) : 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010069.

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The optimization of multisystem neurorehabilitation protocols including electrical spinal cord stimulation and multi-directional tasks training require understanding of underlying circuits mechanisms and distribution of the neuronal network over the spinal cord. In this study we compared the locomotor activity during forward and backward stepping in eighteen adult decerebrated cats. Interneuronal spinal networks responsible for forward and backward stepping were visualized using the C-Fos technique. A bi-modal rostrocaudal distribution of C-Fos-immunopositive neurons over the lumbosacral spinal cord (peaks in the L4/L5 and L6/S1 segments) was revealed. These patterns were compared with motoneuronal pools using Vanderhorst and Holstege scheme; the location of the first peak was correspondent to the motoneurons of the hip flexors and knee extensors, an inter-peak drop was presumably attributed to the motoneurons controlling the adductor muscles. Both were better expressed in cats stepping forward and in parallel, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the hip flexor and knee extensors was higher, while EMG activity of the adductor was lower, during this locomotor mode. On the basis of the present data, which showed greater activity of the adductor muscles and the attributed interneuronal spinal network during backward stepping and according with data about greater demands on postural control systems during backward locomotion, we suppose that the locomotor networks for movements in opposite directions are at least partially different.

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Tang, Hua, Xue-Lian Qi, Mitchell R. Riley et Christos Constantinidis. « Working memory capacity is enhanced by distributed prefrontal activation and invariant temporal dynamics ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, n^o 14 (15 mars 2019) : 7095–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817278116.

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The amount of information that can be stored in working memory is limited but may be improved with practice. The basis of improved efficiency at the level of neural activity is unknown. To investigate this question, we trained monkeys to perform a working memory task that required memory for multiple stimuli. Performance decreased as a function of number of stimuli to be remembered, but improved as the animals practiced the task. Neuronal recordings acquired during this training revealed two hitherto unknown mechanisms of working memory capacity improvement. First, more prefrontal neurons became active as working memory improved, but their baseline activity decreased. Second, improved working memory capacity was characterized by less variable temporal dynamics, resulting in a more consistent firing rate at each time point during the course of a trial. Our results reveal that improved performance of working memory tasks is achieved through more distributed activation and invariant neuronal dynamics.

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Wilson, Emma D., Tareq Assaf, Martin J. Pearson, Jonathan M. Rossiter, Sean R. Anderson, John Porrill et Paul Dean. « Cerebellar-inspired algorithm for adaptive control of nonlinear dielectric elastomer-based artificial muscle ». Journal of The Royal Society Interface 13, n^o 122 (septembre 2016) : 20160547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2016.0547.

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Electroactive polymer actuators are important for soft robotics, but can be difficult to control because of compliance, creep and nonlinearities. Because biological control mechanisms have evolved to deal with such problems, we investigated whether a control scheme based on the cerebellum would be useful for controlling a nonlinear dielectric elastomer actuator, a class of artificial muscle. The cerebellum was represented by the adaptive filter model, and acted in parallel with a brainstem, an approximate inverse plant model. The recurrent connections between the two allowed for direct use of sensory error to adjust motor commands. Accurate tracking of a displacement command in the actuator's nonlinear range was achieved by either semi-linear basis functions in the cerebellar model or semi-linear functions in the brainstem corresponding to recruitment in biological muscle. In addition, allowing transfer of training between cerebellum and brainstem as has been observed in the vestibulo-ocular reflex prevented the steady increase in cerebellar output otherwise required to deal with creep. The extensibility and relative simplicity of the cerebellar-based adaptive-inverse control scheme suggests that it is a plausible candidate for controlling this type of actuator. Moreover, its performance highlights important features of biological control, particularly nonlinear basis functions, recruitment and transfer of training.

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Vorobieva, T., L. Kharchenko et E. Shamshualeeva. « THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL LOAD ON PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN BADMINTON PLAYERS ». Human Sport Medicine 19, n^o 3 (24 octobre 2019) : 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/hsm190302.

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Aim. The article deals with studying the features of psychophysiological adaptation to physical load and the functional status of the cardiovascular system in badminton players. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the premises of Dostoevsky Omsk State University during badminton training activities as a part of Omsk Higher Educational Establishments Spartakiadpreparation in September 2016 – May 2018. Fifteen students aged 18–19 years participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The study was conducted using the electronic surveys placed onhttps://onlinetestpad.com: the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory and the Well-Being, Activity, Mood test. To establish the maximum anaerobic capacity of the body, the Margaria testwas used. A Zeugner’s polychromatic rapid test was used for establishing the emotional background. Results. The analysis of the results obtained revealed that the highest heart rate values were registered during a long badminton rally and reached 190 bpm. During pauses heart rate decreased to 160 bpm. A badminton rally of 4–6 seconds allowed maintaining the heart rate at 160 bpm.If followed by pauses heart rate decreased to 130 bpm. Assessing the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation and studying the subjective characteristics of situational and personal anxiety, well-being, performance and emotional background before and after training allow identifying athletes with different adaptation capacities and increasing their physical performance. Conclusion. The analysis of the results obtained demonstrated changes in psychophysiological adaptation and the functional status of the cardiovascular system. It was also revealed that physical load provoked stress in the mechanisms of psychophysiological adaptation.

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Husak, V. A. « Peculiarities of development of music teachers’ effective thinking in the process of instrumental training ». Musical art in the educological discourse, n^o 2 (2017) : 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2518-766x.20172.10412.

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The article presents the essence of the concepts “effective thinking”, “ideomotorics” and “psychomotorics”. The author explores peculiarities of development of music teachers’ effective thinking in the process of instrumental training due to the activation of mental phenomenon “ideomotor training”. Basing on scientific postulates of music pedagogy and music psychology, the author offers methodological manuals as for the practical implementation of the method of «ideomotor training» in teaching and performing practice of students on the basis of the phenomenon of anticipation of polymodal ideas of motions, images and feelings about the way, the shape and the motion of the hands on the keyboard of the instrument, etc. On the basis of retrospective analysis of contemporary scientific literature methodological issues in performing instrumental training in terms of intensification of reflective professional processes and psychomotor activity of music experts are investigated. The author affirms that psychomotor activity of teacher-musician is comprehensive and versatile. With its help, students are able to achieve high performance skills in music interpretation. Mechanisms of music psychomotor activity are created every time from the very beginning in achieving the objective of sound, that is why the hand of artist is able to overcome any technical difficulty. Musicians, playing the instrument, animate it; reflect depth of their soul in the instrument. The instrument becomes the active object of psychomotor activity. The cooperation of the instrument and participator happens. Summarizing the research, the author draws to conclusions that conscious deliberate activation of effective thinking in the musical training of teachers is accompanied by ideomotor reactions and techniques, determines the development of performance skills and memory of students, substantially develops skills of running of motor component of performing instrumental activities, helps to the formation and mnemonic consolidation of the music interpretation plan. The functioning of effective thinking of intended music teachers is greatly enriched by the artistic and logical thinking and simulation-based creative prediction of results in psychomotor gained executive experience. This kind of professional musical thinking cannot exist either of practice or analytical understanding of theoretical knowledge, principles and laws of music and performing arts.

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Liu, Peng, Shulin Zhao, Quan Zou et Yijie Ding. « Prediction of Cell-Penetrating Peptides Using a Novel HSIC-Based Multiview TSK Fuzzy System ». Applied Sciences 12, n^o 11 (26 mai 2022) : 5383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115383.

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Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that can carry cargo into cells. CPPs are widely utilized due to their powerful loading capacity and transduction efficiency. Identifying CPPs is the basis for studying their functions and mechanisms; however, experimental methods to identify CPPs are expensive and time-consuming. Recently, CPP predictors based on machine learning methods have become a research hotspot. Although considerable progress has been made, some challenges remain unresolved. First, most predictors employ a variety of feature descriptors to transform an original sequence into multiview data; however, extant methods ignore the relationships between different views, limiting further performance improvement. Second, most machine learning models are actually black boxes and cannot offer insightful advice. In this paper, a novel Hilbert–Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC)-based multiview TSK fuzzy system is proposed. Compared with other machine learning methods, TSK fuzzy systems have better interpretability, and the introduction of multiview mechanisms provides comprehensive insight into the intrinsic laws of the data. HSIC is utilized here to measure the independence and enhance the complementarity between different views. Notably, the proposed method attained prediction accuracy results of 92.2% and 96.2% for the training and independent test sets, respectively. The empirical results show that our promising approach features greater recognition performance than the state-of-the-art method.

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Topping, David O., James Allan, M. Rami Alfarra et Bernard Aumont. « STRAPS v1.0 : evaluating a methodology for predicting electron impact ionisation mass spectra for the aerosol mass spectrometer ». Geoscientific Model Development 10, n^o 6 (27 juin 2017) : 2365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-2365-2017.

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Abstract. Our ability to model the chemical and thermodynamic processes that lead to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is thought to be hampered by the complexity of the system. While there are fundamental models now available that can simulate the tens of thousands of reactions thought to take place, validation against experiments is highly challenging. Techniques capable of identifying individual molecules such as chromatography are generally only capable of quantifying a subset of the material present, making it unsuitable for a carbon budget analysis. Integrative analytical methods such as the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) are capable of quantifying all mass, but because of their inability to isolate individual molecules, comparisons have been limited to simple data products such as total organic mass and the O : C ratio. More detailed comparisons could be made if more of the mass spectral information could be used, but because a discrete inversion of AMS data is not possible, this activity requires a system of predicting mass spectra based on molecular composition. In this proof-of-concept study, the ability to train supervised methods to predict electron impact ionisation (EI) mass spectra for the AMS is evaluated. Supervised Training Regression for the Arbitrary Prediction of Spectra (STRAPS) is not built from first principles. A methodology is constructed whereby the presence of specific mass-to-charge ratio (m∕z) channels is fitted as a function of molecular structure before the relative peak height for each channel is similarly fitted using a range of regression methods. The widely used AMS mass spectral database is used as a basis for this, using unit mass resolution spectra of laboratory standards. Key to the fitting process is choice of structural information, or molecular fingerprint. Our approach relies on using supervised methods to automatically optimise the relationship between spectral characteristics and these molecular fingerprints. Therefore, any internal mechanisms or instrument features impacting on fragmentation are implicitly accounted for in the fitted model. Whilst one might expect a collection of keys specifically designed according to EI fragmentation principles to offer a robust basis, the suitability of a range of commonly available fingerprints is evaluated. Using available fingerprints in isolation, initial results suggest the generic public MACCS fingerprints provide the most accurate trained model when combined with both decision trees and random forests, with median cosine angles of 0.94–0.97 between modelled and measured spectra. There is some sensitivity to choice of fingerprint, but most sensitivity is in choice of regression technique. Support vector machines perform the worst, with median values of 0.78–0.85 and lower ranges approaching 0.4, depending on the fingerprint used. More detailed analysis of modelled versus mass spectra demonstrates important composition-dependent sensitivities on a compound-by-compound basis. This is further demonstrated when we apply the trained methods to a model α-pinene SOA system, using output from the GECKO-A model. This shows that use of a generic fingerprint referred to as FP4 and one designed for vapour pressure predictions (Nanoolal) gives plausible mass spectra, whilst the use of the MACCS keys in isolation performs poorly in this application, demonstrating the need for evaluating model performance against other SOA systems rather than existing laboratory databases on single compounds. Given the limited number of compounds used within the AMS training dataset, it is difficult to prescribe which combination of approach would lead to a robust generic model across all expected compositions. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates the use of a methodology that would be improved with more training data, fingerprints designed explicitly for fragmentation mechanisms occurring within the AMS, and data from additional mixed systems for further validation. To facilitate further development of the method, including application to other instruments, the model code for re-training is provided via a public Github and Zenodo software repository.

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Lazarev, V. S., et L. N. Nosova. « Research of the Ability to Define Practical Problems ». Психологическая наука и образование 25, n^o 5 (2020) : 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2020250506.

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The article presents a study of one of the most important qualities of the subject of activity, the ability to define practical problems. The purpose of the study is to find answers to two questions: what determines the ability of a person to define problems and how can we promote the development of this ability? The research hypothesis is based on L.S. Vygotsky’s theory of sign mediation of mental functions and of the mechanisms of psychological development, as well as on V.V. Davydov’s activity theory of thinking and its development. The hypothesis of the study is that, firstly, the differences in the operational structure of the action of problem-setting and its performance are determined by whether it is mediated by the empirical or theoretical concept of the problem; secondly, it is possible to develop the ability to define problems through specially organized training which ensures the activity-based acquisition of the cultural methods of problem-setting. We developed a training program and a test for assessing an individual’s ability to define problems. The experiment was conducted on the basis of the Surgut State Pedagogical University and involved 61 third-year students: 31 in the experimental group (30 females and 1 male) and 30 in the control one (all females). The study shows that, depending on the nature of mediation of the action of the problem, its operational structure and performance differ qualitatively. Besides, it is possible to qualitatively improve the ability of the person to define problems through the implementation of the activity-based training program.

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Galleposo, Gabriel T. « Enhancing The Inherent Coping Mechanism of Teachers in The Course of Health and Security Crisis ». EduLine : Journal of Education and Learning Innovation 1, n^o 2 (3 septembre 2021) : 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline461.

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There is a limited number of studies on why people, specifically teachers, can immediately cope with health and security crisis, and continue to live their lives as normally as those who have not experienced such events in their lives, hence, the necessity to conduct this study. It explored the factors that influenced their coping mechanisms through exploratory sequential mixed method, involving respondents from seven schools district of Zamboanga Sibugay Division and from one school district of Lanao del Sur. The qualitative data gathered from 10 respondents through face-to-face interview and focused group discussion arrived at the factors that influenced the inherent coping mechanisms, namely: family, faith, profession, alliance, self-reliance, and service. The quantitative data gathered from 131 respondents through a researcher-made survey instrument were subjected to Pearson coefficient of correlation, t-test, weighted mean, and stepwise regression. It is concluded that faith, family, alliance, and profession wield a significant influence in the coping mechanisms of the respondents. Experience, and training were also found to have a differentiating performance in coping from health and security crisis; and that success in coping from catastrophic situations depends greatly on these factors. This study further proposed a model which can be used as basis in designing mental, spiritual, emotional, and social health programs to enhance the inherent coping mechanisms of teachers.

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MARTINEZ, Fredy. « STRATEGIC PLAN TO STRENGTHEN RESEARCH AS A MECHANISM TO INCREASE MEANINGFUL TRAINING BASED ON FORMATIVE RESEARCH ». Periódico Tchê Química 18, n^o 39 (24 novembre 2021) : 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v18.n39.2021.03_martinez_pgs_33_42.pdf.

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Background: The academic activity of students and professors constitutes the basis of professional training in engineering. Training in electrical engineering has always been of less interest to university students compared to other professional training programs. However, in recent years, this interest has decreased beyond previous trends, an effect detected in all engineering programs, which has been accelerated by the distance learning mechanisms adopted in the face of the spread of COVID-19. Therefore, among the incentive mechanisms for young people, the promotion of research activity has been included. This study describes the model proposed within the Electrical Technology and Engineering programs of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas as a distinctive element of its research training strategy. Aims: To offer alternatives tending to promote the current research activities of the research groups of the electrical engineering area of the Universidad Distrital (Colombia) to increase the performance of the formative research processes, in particular with motivational aspects, development of critical awareness, and strengthening of resilience. Methods: A strategic plan was developed to increase the activity related to research processes within the academic program. It was based on the dynamics shown in the last seven years, and a set of strategies aimed at strengthening and encouraging this trend was projected for the next seven years. Results and Discussion: This strategic plan is expected to increase academic activity, particularly related to scientific production indicators. Projections for the next seven years indicate an increase in student participation related to scientific publications, the population in research groups, and project development. Conclusions: The proposed scheme corresponds to a model adjusted to higher education institutions with student populations of low academic strata and under national standards that prioritize quality in education from the point of view of both physical and human resources, particularly those that promote critical awareness of local and national reality. In this sense, the proposed plan is highly relevant and promotes one of the strengths identified in the academic program.

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Wegayehu, Eyob Betru, et Fiseha Behulu Muluneh. « Short-Term Daily Univariate Streamflow Forecasting Using Deep Learning Models ». Advances in Meteorology 2022 (10 février 2022) : 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1860460.

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Hydrological forecasting is one of the key research areas in hydrology. Innovative forecasting tools will reform water resources management systems, flood early warning mechanisms, and agricultural and hydropower management schemes. Hence, in this study, we compared Stacked Long Short-Term Memory (S-LSTM), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with the classical Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network for one-step daily streamflow forecasting. The analysis used daily time series data collected from Borkena (in Awash river basin) and Gummera (in Abay river basin) streamflow stations. All data sets passed through rigorous quality control processes, and null values were filled using linear interpolation. A partial autocorrelation was also applied to select the appropriate time lag for input series generation. Then, the data is split into training and testing datasets using a ratio of 80 : 20, respectively. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate the performance of the proposed models. Finally, the findings are summarized in model variability, lag time variability, and time series characteristic themes. As a result, time series characteristics (climatic variability) had a more significant impact on streamflow forecasting performance than input lagged time steps and deep learning model architecture variations. Thus, Borkena’s river catchment forecasting result is more accurate than Gummera’s catchment forecasting result, with RMSE, MAE, MAPE, and R2 values ranging between (0.81 to 1.53, 0.29 to 0.96, 0.16 to 1.72, 0.96 to 0.99) and (17.43 to 17.99, 7.76 to 10.54, 0.16 to 1.03, 0.89 to 0.90) for both catchments, respectively. Although the performance is dependent on lag time variations, MLP and GRU outperform S-LSTM and Bi-LSTM on a nearly equal basis.

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Park, Sangin, Sungchul Mun, Jihyeon Ha et Laehyun Kim. « Non-Contact Measurement of Motion Sickness Using Pupillary Rhythms from an Infrared Camera ». Sensors 21, n^o 14 (6 juillet 2021) : 4642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144642.

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Both physiological and neurological mechanisms are reflected in pupillary rhythms via neural pathways between the brain and pupil nerves. This study aims to interpret the phenomenon of motion sickness such as fatigue, anxiety, nausea and disorientation using these mechanisms and to develop an advanced non-contact measurement method from an infrared webcam. Twenty-four volunteers (12 females) experienced virtual reality content through both two-dimensional and head-mounted device interpretations. An irregular pattern of the pupillary rhythms, demonstrated by an increasing mean and standard deviation of pupil diameter and decreasing pupillary rhythm coherence ratio, was revealed after the participants experienced motion sickness. The motion sickness was induced while watching the head-mounted device as compared to the two-dimensional virtual reality, with the motion sickness strongly related to the visual information processing load. In addition, the proposed method was verified using a new experimental dataset for 23 participants (11 females), with a classification performance of 89.6% (n = 48) and 80.4% (n = 46) for training and test sets using a support vector machine with a radial basis function kernel, respectively. The proposed method was proven to be capable of quantitatively measuring and monitoring motion sickness in real-time in a simple, economical and contactless manner using an infrared camera.

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Serman, Taras. « Influence of Respiratory Exercises on the Functional State of the Cardiovascular System Under Different Physical Activities of Students ». Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 9, n^o 1 (27 avril 2022) : 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.9.1.219-226.

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The article stresses that the state of the cardiovascular system determines the level of physical performance. Maintaining the required level of metabolic processes is necessary for efficient mechanisms of energy supply and dynamic work. The researcher proves that activation of respiratory function contributes to such support. Under the influence of systematic breathing exercises in the body develops a set of structural and functional changes aimed at optimizing the functioning of the whole organism and its individual systems. The study involved 35 lyceum students aged 14 years, who were engaged in the developed system for 1.5 years. Each lesson consisted of six parts. In the first, third and fifth parts, they performed exercises with dynamic, and in the second and fourth – with static load. In the first three parts they were combined with breathing exercises with increasing duration of individual phases of breathing, in 4-6 parts – only with deepening of exhalation. The sixth part (relaxation) was performed in a horizontal position. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of breathing exercises during each part of the lesson on the activity of the cardiovascular system. It has been established that certain features of fatigue and recovery during different types of muscular work in a specific sequence are a reliable physiological basis for improving the health and training effect of physical training in combination with breathing exercises. The results of the experiment on the implementation of our system of health-improving training sessions of respiratory gymnastics prove that changes in work power, nature of muscle contractions and body position during training create conditions for improving adaptive compensatory reactions to different types of loads.

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Gong, Gangjun, Xiaonan An, Nawaraj Kumar Mahato, Shuyan Sun, Si Chen et Yafeng Wen. « Research on Short-Term Load Prediction Based on Seq2seq Model ». Energies 12, n^o 16 (20 août 2019) : 3199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163199.

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Electricity load prediction is the primary basis on which power-related departments to make logical and effective generation plans and scientific scheduling plans for the most effective power utilization. The perpetual evolution of deep learning has recommended advanced and innovative concepts for short-term load prediction. Taking into consideration the time and nonlinear characteristics of power system load data and further considering the impact of historical and future information on the current state, this paper proposes a Seq2seq short-term load prediction model based on a long short-term memory network (LSTM). Firstly, the periodic fluctuation characteristics of users’ load data are analyzed, establishing a correlation of the load data so as to determine the model’s order in the time series. Secondly, the specifications of the Seq2seq model are given preference and a coalescence of the Residual mechanism (Residual) and the two Attention mechanisms (Attention) is developed. Then, comparing the predictive performance of the model under different types of Attention mechanism, this paper finally adopts the Seq2seq short-term load prediction model of Residual LSTM and the Bahdanau Attention mechanism. Eventually, the prediction model obtains better results when merging the actual power system load data of a certain place. In order to validate the developed model, the Seq2seq was compared with recurrent neural network (RNN), LSTM, and gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithms. Last but not least, the performance indices were calculated. when training and testing the model with power system load data, it was noted that the root mean square error (RMSE) of Seq2seq was decreased by 6.61%, 16.95%, and 7.80% compared with RNN, LSTM, and GRU, respectively. In addition, a supplementary case study was carried out using data for a small power system considering different weather conditions and user behaviors in order to confirm the applicability and stability of the proposed model. The Seq2seq model for short-term load prediction can be reported to demonstrate superiority in all areas, exhibiting better prediction and stable performance.

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Reddy, Madhuri G., Stephanie A. Pelligra, Alexis A. Thompson et Robert I. Liem. « Decreased Fitness Is Associated with Abnormal Cardiopulmonary Response to Maximal Exercise in Pediatric Sickle Cell Anemia. » Blood 120, n^o 21 (16 novembre 2012) : 2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2109.2109.

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Abstract Abstract 2109 The clinical burden of sickle cell anemia (SCA) has a tremendous impact on physical functioning, including cardiopulmonary fitness, among affected individuals. However, the physiologic basis of exercise limitation remains poorly understood in this population. The objective of our study was to characterize the cardiopulmonary response to maximal exercise and to delineate the physiologic mechanisms responsible for decreased fitness among children and young adults with SCA. Methods: We prospectively performed maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) on 60 subjects with SCA (hemoglobin SS or S/β0 thalassemia) and 20 controls without SCA or sickle cell trait matched for race and gender. CPET was completed using a graded, symptom-limited cycle ergometry protocol with breath-by-breath, gas exchange analysis and pre/post spirometry. The primary outcome of fitness was defined by weight-adjusted, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2). Slopes for determining oxygen uptake kinetics and ventilatory efficiency were calculated using 10-second averages of data points. We used the V-slope method to determine ventilatory threshold. Bivariate comparisons of continuous data were performed using Student's t-test for independent samples (IBM, SPSS V20). We used multivariate analysis to derive a model for determining independent contributors to peak VO2 in subjects. Results: There was no difference in gender distribution among subjects and controls, but subjects were older (15.1 ± 3.44 vs. 13.2 ±2.9 years, p = 0.03) and had lower hemoglobin (8.8 ±1.3 vs. 12.8 ±1.5 g/dL, p < 0.0001). All subjects met criteria for a maximal test as defined by a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) ≥ 1.1, and in all, testing was terminated due to excessive fatigue. No major adverse events occurred during CPET in any subject. Only 1/60 (1.7%) subjects developed vaso-occlusive pain requiring hospitalization in the 2-week follow-up period after testing. Nearly all of the major indicators of CPET performance and gas exchange were adversely affected in our subjects. Compared to controls, subjects demonstrated significantly lower mean peak VO2 (26.9 ±6.9 vs. 40.6 ±8.2 mL/kg/min, p < 0.0001), even after adjustment for age and hemoglobin. Average total test time (5.6 ±1.3 vs. 7.8 ±2.2 min, p = 0.012) and peak work rate (108 ±37 vs. 151 ±57 watts, p = 0.011) were similarly reduced as was ventilatory threshold (1.01 ±0.29 vs. 1.34 ±0.34 L/min, p < 0.0001), indicating earlier transition to anaerobic metabolism during exercise. Heart rate reserve, the difference between achieved maximal and baseline heart rates, was significantly lower (99 ±14 vs. 111 ±15, p = 0.002) in subjects. Slopes calculated using minute ventilation (VE), expired CO2 (VCO2), VO2 and work rate also indicated significantly reduced ventilatory efficiency (ΔVE/ΔVCO2), oxygen delivery (ΔVO2/ΔWR) and oxygen uptake (ΔVO2/ΔVE) kinetics in subjects versus controls. To examine the physiologic contributors to peak VO2 in subjects with SCA alone, we developed a multivariate model that included age, baseline hemoglobin, heart rate reserve, maximal VE, pre-exercise forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and ventilatory threshold. This model explained 67% of the variability observed in peak VO2 in subjects, with age, maximal VE and ventilatory threshold retaining independent contributions to peak VO2 and ventilatory threshold making the largest contribution with an non-standardized β coefficient of 11.9 (SE ±3.2), p < 0.0001. Conclusions: Maximal CPET is safe in children and young adults with SCA, suggesting that acute exercise challenge is well tolerated in this population even at high levels of exercise intensity and physical exertion. When compared to their peers, children and young adults with SCA demonstrate significantly reduced fitness levels. Exercise limitation in SCA may be attributed to complex derangements in the cardiopulmonary and metabolic responses to exercise that are independent of anemia. Our findings highlight the need to develop targeted exercise training strategies aimed at improving fitness in this population and to assess its impact on overall disease severity. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Brimah, Bolatito Amudat, Wahid Damilola Olanipekun, Ayodeji Gbenga Bamidele et Musa Ibrahim. « Knowledge Management and its Effects on Financial Performance : Evidence from Dangote Flour Mills, Ilorin ». Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, n^o 2 (2020) : 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(2).34-42.2020.

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This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of knowledge management and their impact on the financial performance of economic entities. It is determined that despite the key role of knowledge both for the development of the country (which in the 21st century is based mainly on knowledge) and to increase the value of the company, today companies do not fully use arrays of knowledge and data, which forms barriers to increase competitiveness in the strategic perspective. The main purpose of this study is to assess the impact of knowledge management on the financial performance of companies. Data for the study were obtained from a primary source based on a structured questionnaire with which Dangote Flourmills staff worked. The methodology of the work is a software product for statistical data processing – STATA 11, while the data analysis was performed on the basis of regression analysis, which was used to test hypotheses at the level of 5% significance. The analysis of the data confirmed the significance of the impact of all indicators of knowledge management on the financial performance of the economic entity. The results theoretically confirmed and empirically proved that strategic leadership, organizational culture, information, and communication technologies, effective human resource management practices have a significant impact on financial performance. This study concludes that knowledge management has a significant impact on the financial performance of businesses. The paper states that knowledge management activities help to focus the company’s management on the accumulation, storage, and use of knowledge to solve problems, dynamic learning, strategic planning, and making sound financial and economic decisions. The authors have formed the following recommendations: assistance from the management of the company to exchange knowledge, training and professional development; introduction of the latest digital technologies to improve communication and management mechanisms, based on the specifics, features, and needs of companies; ensuring and developing a corporate culture that allows you to balance and coordinate the actions of management policy. Keywords: knowledge management, human resources, strategic leadership, organizational culture, financial results of the company.

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Liu, Zhizheng, Hongliang Meng, Miaoxian Fang et Wenlong Guo. « Identification and Potential Mechanisms of a 7-MicroRNA Signature That Predicts Prognosis in Patients with Lower-Grade Glioma ». Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (20 novembre 2021) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3251891.

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Background. Lower-grade glioma is an intracranial cancer that may develop into glioblastoma with high mortality. The main objective of our study is to develop microRNA for LGG patients which will provide novel prognostic biomarkers along with therapeutic targets. Methods. Clinicopathological data of LGG patients and their RNA expression profile were downloaded through The Cancer Genome Atlas Relevant expression profiles of RNA, and clinicopathological data of the LGG patients had been extracted from the database of “The Cancer Genome Atlas.” Differential expression analysis had been conducted for identification of the differentially expressed microRNAs as well as mRNAs in LGG samples and normal ones. ROC curves and K–M plots were plotted to confirm performance and for predictive accuracy. For the confirmation of microRNAs as an independent prognostic factor, an independent prognosis analysis was conducted. Moreover, target differentially expressed genes of these identified prognostic microRNAs that were extracted and protein-protein interaction networks were developed. Moreover, the biological functions of signature were determined through Genome Ontology analysis, genome pathway analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes. Results. 7-microRNA signature was identified that has the ability of categorization of individuals with LGG into high- and low-risk groups on the basis of significant difference in survival during training and testing cohorts (P < 0.001). The 7-microRNA signature had appeared to be robust in predictive accuracy (all AUC> 0.65). It was also approved with multivariate Cox regression along with some traditional clinical practices that we can use 7-microRNA signature for therapeutic purposes as a self-regulating predictive OS factor (P < 0.001). KEGG and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses reported that 7-microRNAs had mainly developed in important pathways related with glioma, e.g., the “cAMP signaling pathway,” “glutamatergic synapses,” and “calcium signaling pathway”. Conclusion. A newly discovered 7-microRNA signature could be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment for LGG patients.

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Wallace, Brian J., Haley C. Bergstrom et Timothy A. Butterfield. « Muscular bases and mechanisms of variable resistance training efficacy ». International Journal of Sports Science & ; Coaching 13, n^o 6 (16 novembre 2018) : 1177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954118810240.

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The use of chain or elastic band-resisted variable resistance has become popular in the training of athletes. A number of studies have investigated the utilization of variable resistance vs. traditional resistance training on both acute and chronic performance measures. However, the mechanisms of the observed outcome measures are not fully understood. This review aims to propose a four-part theory regarding the bases by which chain and elastic band-based variable resistance have been shown to be effective. Additionally, it compares methodologies in studies utilizing variable resistance and provides practitioners with recommendations on the use of variable resistance based on the current literature.

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Dimitrova, Margarita. « THE DISCUSSION – AN INTERACTIVE LESSON IN LANGUAGE LEARNING ». Knowledge International Journal 34, n^o 6 (4 octobre 2019) : 1615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061615d.

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The successful realization and modernization of the educational process leads to new knowledge about processes and phenomenons in pedagogical science. Throughout the process, rules and work principles are formulated that verify the validity of the selected pathways for pedagogical activity.Our lesson is related to the role of the team in the implementation of an effective educational process in the Bulgarian Language Section at the Department of Languages and Specialized Training at the Medical University - Plovdiv.The main aspects of performance are the following: continuous analysis of educational and scientific needs to achieve quality in work, development of the team's professionalism to implement the educational process, stimulation of work with students, creation conditions for modern technical provision of work with students, promotion of quality products for the realization of an educational process.The concept of the lesson is oriented towards the formation of competence.In the exhibition we present the capabilities of each of the tools for personal development; creativity and teamwork: communication; the role of the presentations and associative tasks; place the tools for effectiveness in the educational process.The implementation of the control unit tools plays an important role in reporting achievements and creativity.The work of students is stimulated by introducing appropriate levers to motivate students to high quality learning - innovative methods and techniques of work.Our goals are: achieving a good communicative competence motivated by theoretical and pragmatic language training; verifying a new type of experimental system on the basis of traditional and interactive learning mechanisms and applying different methods and tools based on our teaching experience and the displayed model of learning.The implementation of the research highlights and abilities for application of various innovative teaching methods are necessary conditions for increase foreign students’ interest in Bulgarian language, as well as for foreign students’ adaptation to the new environment of their conducted practical training.This is an important condition for achieving communicative success in the new multicultural environment.

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Kannan, Priya, Kwok-Kuen Cheung, Benson Wui-Man Lau, Lin Li, Huijun Chen et Fenghua Sun. « A mixed-methods study to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of aerobic exercise for primary dysmenorrhea : A study protocol ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 8 (16 août 2021) : e0256263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256263.

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Background and purpose Several studies have evaluated the effects of high-intensity aerobic training (HIAT) on pain severity and quality of life (QoL) among women with primary dysmenorrhea. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the effectiveness of HIAT on academic performance or absenteeism or examined the cost-effectiveness of HIAT relative to other treatments in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying aerobic exercise-induced analgesia in primary dysmenorrhea remain unclear. The objectives of this study are to: (1) evaluate the effects of HIAT on absenteeism and academic performance among university students, (2) identify the underlying mechanisms associated with aerobic exercise-induced analgesia in primary dysmenorrhea, and (3) determine the cost-effectiveness of HIAT compared with a wait-list control (WLC) group receiving usual care. Methods A sequential, embedded, mixed-methods study design, including a crossover, randomised controlled trial (RCT) and semi-structured focus groups, will be conducted alongside an economic evaluation. A total of 130 women aged 18–24 years will be randomised into either HIAT (n = 65) or wait-list control (n = 65) groups. Primary outcomes will include average pain intensity, absenteeism from university, and academic performance. Primary mediators will include salivary progesterone and prostaglandin F2α levels. Outcome and meditator variables will be assessed at baseline and post-treatment, at 12 and 28 weeks. An economic analysis will be conducted from the societal and healthcare perspective of Hong Kong. Semi-structured focus groups will be conducted at 32 weeks. Of the 130 participants included in the RCT, 70 will be included in the focus groups. Statistical analysis All statistical analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis, using SPSS (version 24). Preliminary analysis using an independent samples t-test and a two-sided, unpaired Student’s t-test will be performed to exclude carryover effects and identify within-participant differences in outcome variables between the study periods, respectively. Treatment effects will be evaluated using analysis of variance via a mixed-effects model with fixed effects for intervention, period, and sequence. In all models, random effects will include the participants nested within the sequence as a sampling cluster. The mediation effects will be assessed using the Sobel test. The EQ-5D responses will be converted into utility scores to estimate the gain or loss of quality-adjusted life-years. Seemingly unrelated regression analyses will be used to estimate the total cost differences and effect differences. Qualitative data will be analysed using the process of thematic analysis.

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Lopes, Thiago Ribeiro, Hugo Maxwell Pereira et Bruno Moreira Silva. « Perceived Exertion : Revisiting the History and Updating the Neurophysiology and the Practical Applications ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 21 (4 novembre 2022) : 14439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114439.

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The perceived exertion construct creation is a landmark in exercise physiology and sport science. Obtaining perceived exertion is relatively easy, but practitioners often neglect some critical methodological issues in its assessment. Furthermore, the perceived exertion definition, neurophysiological basis, and practical applications have evolved since the perceived exertion construct’s inception. Therefore, we revisit the careful work devoted by Gunnar Borg with psychophysical methods to develop the perceived exertion construct, which resulted in the creation of two scales: the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the category-ratio 10 (CR10). We discuss a contemporary definition that considers perceived exertion as a conscious perception of how hard, heavy, and strenuous the exercise is, according to the sense of effort to command the limbs and the feeling of heavy breathing (respiratory effort). Thus, other exercise-evoked sensations would not hinder the reported perceived exertion. We then describe the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the perceived exertion genesis during exercise, including the influence of the peripheral feedback from the skeletal muscles and the cardiorespiratory system (i.e., afferent feedback) and the influence of efferent copies from the motor command and respiratory drive (i.e., corollary discharges), as well as the interaction between them. We highlight essential details practitioners should consider when using the RPE and CR10 scales, such as the perceived exertion definition, the original scales utilization, and the descriptors anchoring process. Finally, we present how practitioners can use perceived exertion to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, individualize exercise intensity prescription, predict endurance exercise performance, and monitor athletes’ responses to physical training.

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Vlasov, D. A., P. A. Karasev et A. V. Sinchukov. « Fractal Theory and Its Financial Applications for Improving the Quality of Professional Training at The Higher School of Economics ». Open Education 26, n^o 3 (13 juillet 2022) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2022-3-56-64.

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The article presents the didactic potential of modern fractal theory and its financial applications related to modeling and forecasting of financial performance. The purpose of the study is to identify the main content and methodological features of the disclosure of fractal theory and its financial applications in the practice of professional training of students of economic universities. The results of the analysis of popular science and scientific literature on fractal theory and its applications allowed us to clarify its didactic potential in the system of higher economic education. The use of elements of the technological approach at the Higher School of Economics made it possible to construct the educational process on fractal theory and its financial applications in the form of a system of micro-goals of the basic level, which serves as a guideline for organizing and planning the results of educational and cognitive activity of students of the Bachelor of Economics. Involvement of various techniques and methods of the theory of pedagogical technologies based on the establishment and study of the laws of the educational process as the results of scientific knowledge of the process of human education, as well as financial faculties of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics and the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation as the basis of experimental work allowed to identify the attitude of students to fractal theory and its applications, to conduct primary testing of fractal theory as a new element of the content of mathematical training, as well as directions for improving the educational process in applied mathematical disciplines. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of development of students’ competencies in the field of decision-making in conditions of risk and uncertainty, a meaningful choice of methods for studying financial situations that require optimal decisions. A system of micro-goals of the basic level is presented, consisting of thirteen micro-goals and allowing a teacher of mathematical disciplines to design invariant content in the field of fractal theory and its applications for higher economic school. Attention is also focused on the need to update the methodological work of teachers of mathematical disciplines on the design and construction of the educational process. Including the base level set by the system of micro-goals presented in this article, which regulates the educational process in the language of educational and cognitive activity of a student of an economic bachelor’s degree. It is noted that the complex transformations taking place in modern society affect various aspects of social, financial and economic relations, increase the requirements for the methodological, design and technological culture of a teacher of mathematical disciplines. The prospects of the study include the development of criteria for the selection of digital tools to support fractal theory and its financial applications as an element of the content of professional training, as well as the development and subsequent implementation of a program of additional professional education on alternative approaches to decision-making in the financial sector. The content of the article can be useful for the implementation of applied, professional strengthening of the teaching of compulsory mathematical disciplines for students studying in the direction of “Economics” of various directions (Mathematical methods in economics, World Economy, Finance and Credit, etc.), and for the formulation of new academic disciplines of students’ choice, as well as improving the content of programs of additional professional education related to the quantitative justification of decisions.

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HONCHAR, H. « A MOTIVATIONAL FACTOR AS AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT WHEN CHOOSING A FUTURE PROFESSION IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS ». Scientific papers of Berdiansk State Pedagogical University Series Pedagogical sciences 1, n^o 3 (7 décembre 2022) : 256–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31494/2412-9208-2022-1-3-256-266.

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The article considers the motivational factor as an integral component when choosing a future profession in the field of physical culture and sports. The characteristics of the most important motivational factor, which are needs (biological, social and ideal), are given. Human activity, which can be aimed at the formation of the person himself, as a part of the world, which is considered as physical culture. The basis of any human activity is needs, motives, interests, goals, which are characterized by the concept of «motivation». Considering the motivation of professional self-determination, it is characterized as a complex system of external and internal factors and mechanisms that motivate, direct and regulate the activity of an individual in preparation and implementation of the choice of his professional and educational path: setting and achieving professional goals, choosing the means of their achievement, as well as activities on self-development and self-improvement in the professional sphere. A person with achievement motivation is characterized by a realistic assessment of their capabilities when setting goals and objectives, a desire to overcome difficulties, and achieve high performance results. It is also proposed to classify students depending on the development of professional orientation, which concerns of physical culture and sports specialties. It has been established that the ways of formation and peculiarities of motivation of each student are individual, the state of professional motivation depends on how adequately students evaluate educational activities in comparison with personal, real opportunities and the level of harassment. The choice situation has the advantage that the motives are not only conscious, but they actually act. The training of a specialist in this sphere is provided with the help of three main components: motivational and moral (stimulates the activity of the future specialist), cognitive (ensures the full mastery of the content of education), motor (reflects the specifics of the profession and provides the mechanism of cognition). All components are aimed at mastering the formation of the specialist's personality culture. Key words: motivation, motive, professional activity, physical education, physical culture, sport.

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Haider Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Manan, et Tahir Masood. « KNEE BIOMECHANICS AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE ; ». Professional Medical Journal 24, n^o 12 (29 novembre 2017) : 1921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.12.563.

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Introduction: A 29-year old male athlete (body mass: 64 kg; height: 172 cm)sustained complete ACL rupture of the right knee. He was a martial-arts player and the injurywas repetitive, overuse in nature due to cyclic unilateral loading and unloading of the rightknee during training sessions. Rupture was diagnosed through detailed patient history, clinicalphysical examination and was confirmed through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of theright knee. Surgical reconstruction of the ACL was planned and a patellar tendon graft wasused. His baseline isokinetic data was recorded 4 months after the surgery. Objective: Thiscase study describes the effects of isokinetic strength training on knee biomechanics andphysical function of an ACL-reconstructed martial-arts athlete. Setting: Pakistan Sports BoardIslamabad. Study period: 40 days. Materials and Methods: Biodex System 3 Pro was used totrain the athlete for 15 sessions on alternate day basis. Average peak torque, average power,total work and peak torque to body weight ratio were recorded for hamstring and quadricepsbefore and after isokinetic rehabilitation. The athlete was positioned in the dynamometer withupright back while hip and knee were flexed to 90 degrees. Unilateral isokinetic contractionswere performed according to a premeditated exercise protocol. Both hamstring and quadricepswere tested isokinetically at five different movement speeds (30deg/sec, 90deg/sec, 150deg/sec, 210deg/sec, and 270deg/sec). Five contractions were performed at each speed duringboth knee flexion and extension. At baseline, average peak torque was higher at lower speedsfor both hamstring and quadriceps. Results: As a result of rehabilitation, average peak torquefor hamstring and quadriceps significantly improved at speeds of 150deg/sec and 90deg/secrespectively. Average power, peak torque to body weight ratio, total work was also improved forboth hamstring and quadriceps. Two physical performance tests - agility run test and verticaljump test - were used to assess the effects of training and both performance tests improved 51%and 100% respectively. Conclusion: Isokinetic training improved the strength of quadricepsand hamstring after ACL reconstruction. Hamstring muscle demonstrated greater traininginducedincrements in torque production compared to quadriceps at all contraction velocities.

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Yarygina, Marina V., P. F. Kiku, T. V. Gorborukova, V. G. Moreva, K. M. Sabirova et K. V. Kondratev. « EFFECT OF SOCIAL-HYGIENE FACTORS ON POPULATION HEALTH IN THE PRIMORYE TERRITORY ». Hygiene and sanitation 96, n^o 10 (27 mars 2019) : 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-10-995-1000.

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The purpose of the research is to establish the basic social and hygienic mechanisms of the formation of population health in the Primorsky Krai. The study analyzed the main ecodependent diseases: respiratory diseases, urogenital system, skin in the population residing in model points in the coastal and continental bioclimatic zones of the Primorye Territory with a variety of social and environmental performance. According to the suggested hypothesis of social-hygienic study the prevalence rate of ecodependent pathology in the population of the Primorye Territory is influenced by a complex of unfavorable factors of ecological, climatic and socio-hygienic risk, including the underlying factors or their groups not detected by conventional methods, but capable of to have a significant impact. The results showed regional features of the influence of environmental factors, lifestyle on the health of the major demographic groups living in different bio-climatic, social and environmental conditions of urban and rural areas of the region. The backbone force for all groups is a way of life. For urban residents of the coastal zone there is a significant ecological and social impact of environmental factors, while for rural residents - social and hygienic. Under the complex influence of socio-hygienic and climatic factors on the prevalence rate of ecodependent pathology the level of disease was found to be largely dependent on the specific way of life in the ecological and bio-climatic conditions of the region. Among the not detectable factors of socio-hygienic monitoring, a special place was revealed to be occupied by the socio-psychological peculiarities of the production environment and everyday life, which depend on the social (social and educational prospects, social and material satisfaction, job availability and the possibility of further training, environmental comfort, recreation), and individual features (educational level, the possibility of professional, family and individual psycho-emotional characteristics), which confirms the hypothesis of socially-hygienic research. On the basis of survey data with the using the method of multivariate analysis - correlation Pleiades by Terentyev, it was created “Sociometric model conditionality of the formation of population health in the Primorsky Territory.”

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Walter, Charles B. « Potentiating Ballistic Limb Movements through Voluntary Production of the Stretch-Shorten Cycle ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, n^o 2 (avril 1992) : 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.2.435.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of learning to produce voluntarily a basic biomechanical mechanism, the stretch-shorten cycle (SSC), on the acceleration of a ballistic arm movement. The task required an elbow flexion at maximal effort performed with the forearm resting upon a horizontal manipulandum. Subjects in three groups received either no augmented feedback, feedback concerning the velocity of the flexion, or a combination of feedback on velocity and feedback related to the rate of stretch of the SSC during 80 training trials. The training trials were preceded by a pretest and followed by a posttest without feedback. Analyses showed that the subjects receiving feedback concerning the SSC exhibited earlier and greater peak angular acceleration than the other groups. These findings provide evidence that acquiring the control of relevant, basic mechanisms like the SSC may be useful in facilitating tasks requiring limb movements of maximal effort.

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McKie, Greg L., Hashim Islam, Logan K. Townsend, Jennifer Robertson-Wilson, Mark Eys et Tom J. Hazell. « Modified sprint interval training protocols : physiological and psychological responses to 4 weeks of training ». Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 43, n^o 6 (juin 2018) : 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0595.

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Sprint interval training (SIT) protocols involving brief (≤15 s) work bouts improve aerobic and anaerobic performance, highlighting peak speed generation as a potentially important adaptive stimulus. To determine the physiological and psychological effects of reducing the SIT work bout duration, while maintaining total exercise and recovery time, 43 healthy males (n = 27) and females (n = 16) trained for 4 weeks (3 times/week) using one of the following running SIT protocols: (i) 30:240 (n = 11; 4–6 × 30-s bouts, 4 min rest); (ii) 15:120 (n = 11; 8–12 × 15-s bouts, 2 min rest); (iii) 5:40 (n = 12; 24–36 × 5-s bouts, 40 s rest); or (iv) served as a nonexercising control (n = 9). Protocols were matched for total work (2–3 min) and rest (16–24 min) durations, as well as the work-to-rest ratio (1:8 s). Pre- and post-training measures included a graded maximal oxygen consumption test, a 5-km time trial, and a 30-s maximal sprint test. Self-efficacy, enjoyment, and intentions were assessed following the last training session. Training improved maximal oxygen consumption (5.5%; P = 0.006) and time-trial performance (5.2%; P = 0.039), with a main effect of time for peak speed (1.7%; P = 0.042), time to peak speed (25%; P < 0.001), and body fat percentage (1.4%; P < 0.001) that appeared to be driven by the training. There were no group effects for self-efficacy (P = 0.926), enjoyment (P = 0.249), or intentions to perform SIT 3 (P = 0.533) or 5 (P = 0.951) times/week. This study effectively demonstrated that the repeated generation of peak speed during brief SIT work bouts sufficiently stimulates adaptive mechanisms promoting increases in aerobic and anaerobic capacity.

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Luden, Nicholas, Erik Hayes, Andrew Galpin, Kiril Minchev, Bozena Jemiolo, Ulrika Raue, Todd A. Trappe, Matthew P. Harber, Ted Bowers et Scott Trappe. « Myocellular basis for tapering in competitive distance runners ». Journal of Applied Physiology 108, n^o 6 (juin 2010) : 1501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2010.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 3-wk taper on the physiology of competitive distance runners. We studied seven collegiate distance runners (20 ± 1 yr, 66 ± 1 kg) before and after a 3-wk taper. The primary measures included 8-km cross-country race performance, gastrocnemius single muscle fiber size and function (peak force, shortening velocity, and power), baseline and exercise-induced gene expression 4 h after a standardized 8-km run, citrate synthase activity, and maximal and submaximal cardiovascular physiology (oxygen consumption, ventilation, heart rate, and respiratory exchange ratio). Race performance improved by 3% following taper ( P < 0.05). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIa fiber diameter (+7%, P < 0.05), peak force (+11%, P = 0.06), and absolute power (+9%, P < 0.05) increased following taper. In addition to the MHC IIa adaptations, taper elicited a distinct postexercise gene response. Specifically, the induction of MuRF-1 was attenuated following taper, whereas MRF4, HSP 72, and MT-2A displayed an exaggerated response ( P < 0.05). No changes were observed in MHC I size or function, baseline gene expression, citrate synthase activity, or cardiovascular function. Our findings show that tapered training in competitive runners promoted MHC IIa fiber remodeling and an altered transcriptional response following the same exercise perturbation, with no adverse affects on aerobic fitness. Together, these results provide a myocellular basis for distance runners to taper in preparation for peak performance.

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Wamhoff, B. R., D. K. Bowles, N. J. Dietz, Q. Hu et M. Sturek. « Exercise training attenuates coronary smooth muscle phenotypic modulation and nuclear Ca2+ signaling ». American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2002) : H2397—H2410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00371.2001.

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Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, yet the mechanism(s) of exercise-related cardioprotection remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that coronary smooth muscle after exercise training would have decreased mitogen-induced phenotypic modulation and enhanced regulation of nuclear Ca2+. Yucatan swine were endurance exercise trained (EX) on a treadmill for 16–20 wk. EX reduced endothelin-1-induced DNA content by 40% compared with sedentary (SED) swine ( P < 0.01). EX decreased single cell peak endothelin-1-induced cytosolic Ca2+ responses compared with SED by 16% and peak nuclear Ca2+ responses by 33% ( P < 0.05), as determined by confocal microscopy. On the basis of these results, we hypothesized that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and intracellular Ca2+ stores in native smooth muscle are spatially localized to dissociate cytosolic Ca2+and nuclear Ca2+. Subcellular localization of SERCA in living and fixed cells revealed a distribution of SERCA near the sarcolemma and on the nuclear envelope. These results show that EX enhances nuclear Ca2+ regulation, possibly via SERCA, which may be one mechanism by which coronary smooth muscle cells from EX are less responsive to mitogen-induced phenotypic modulation.

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Han, Changho, Youngjae Song, Hong-Seok Lim, Yunwon Tae, Jong-Hwan Jang, Byeong Tak Lee, Yeha Lee, Woong Bae et Dukyong Yoon. « Automated Detection of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Asynchronous Electrocardiogram Signals—Preview of Implementing Artificial Intelligence With Multichannel Electrocardiographs Obtained From Smartwatches : Retrospective Study ». Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, n^o 9 (10 septembre 2021) : e31129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31129.

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Background When using a smartwatch to obtain electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from multiple leads, the device has to be placed on different parts of the body sequentially. The ECG signals measured from different leads are asynchronous. Artificial intelligence (AI) models for asynchronous ECG signals have barely been explored. Objective We aimed to develop an AI model for detecting acute myocardial infarction using asynchronous ECGs and compare its performance with that of the automatic ECG interpretations provided by a commercial ECG analysis software. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of implementing multiple lead–based AI-enabled ECG algorithms on smartwatches. Moreover, we aimed to determine the optimal number of leads for sufficient diagnostic power. Methods We extracted ECGs recorded within 24 hours from each visit to the emergency room of Ajou University Medical Center between June 1994 and January 2018 from patients aged 20 years or older. The ECGs were labeled on the basis of whether a diagnostic code corresponding to acute myocardial infarction was entered. We derived asynchronous ECG lead sets from standard 12-lead ECG reports and simulated a situation similar to the sequential recording of ECG leads via smartwatches. We constructed an AI model based on residual networks and self-attention mechanisms by randomly masking each lead channel during the training phase and then testing the model using various targeting lead sets with the remaining lead channels masked. Results The performance of lead sets with 3 or more leads compared favorably with that of the automatic ECG interpretations provided by a commercial ECG analysis software, with 8.1%-13.9% gain in sensitivity when the specificity was matched. Our results indicate that multiple lead-based AI-enabled ECG algorithms can be implemented on smartwatches. Model performance generally increased as the number of leads increased (12-lead sets: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.880; 4-lead sets: AUROC 0.858, SD 0.008; 3-lead sets: AUROC 0.845, SD 0.011; 2-lead sets: AUROC 0.813, SD 0.018; single-lead sets: AUROC 0.768, SD 0.001). Considering the short amount of time needed to measure additional leads, measuring at least 3 leads—ideally more than 4 leads—is necessary for minimizing the risk of failing to detect acute myocardial infarction occurring in a certain spatial location or direction. Conclusions By developing an AI model for detecting acute myocardial infarction with asynchronous ECG lead sets, we demonstrated the feasibility of multiple lead-based AI-enabled ECG algorithms on smartwatches for automated diagnosis of cardiac disorders. We also demonstrated the necessity of measuring at least 3 leads for accurate detection. Our results can be used as reference for the development of other AI models using sequentially measured asynchronous ECG leads via smartwatches for detecting various cardiac disorders.

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Dong, Fangyan, Haoyu Li et Yongfei Feng. « Mechanism Design and Performance Analysis of a Sitting/Lying Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot ». Machines 10, n^o 8 (10 août 2022) : 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10080674.

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To meet the various need of stroke patients’ rehabilitation training and carry out complex task training in real scenes, the structure of a lower limb rehabilitation robot with movements in the sagittal plane and coronal plane is usually complicated. A new sitting/lying lower limb rehabilitation robot (LOBO) with a simple mechanism form is proposed, which is designed based on a 2-PRR parallel mechanism. First, the kinematics, singularity, and condition number of the 2-PRR parallel mechanism are analyzed, which provides the basis for mechanism parameter design. Then, through the proportional–derivative control principle, real-time tracking of LOBO’s designed trajectory is realized. Finally, the length parameters of volunteers’ lower limbs are collected, and experimental verification is conducted in LOBO’s passive training mode. The experimental results show the feasibility of LOBO’s movement in the human sagittal and coronal planes. LOBO will help human lower limbs realize the synchronous continuous rehabilitation training of hip, knee, and ankle joints spatially, which could drive the rehabilitation movement of patients’ lower limbs in the sagittal plane and coronal plane in future clinical research. LOBO can also be applied to muscle strength training for the elderly to combat the effects of aging.

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Naumkin, N. I., et V. F. Kupryashkin. « Instrumentality of Theory of Mechanisms and Machines as the scientific base of agricultural machinery performance increase ». Traktory i sel hozmashiny 80, n^o 12 (15 décembre 2013) : 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65674.

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Gan, Xu Sheng, Xue Qin Tang et Hai Long Gao. « Research on Nonlinear Approximation Model of Radial Basis Function Neural Network Trained Using Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm with Adaptive Adjustment ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (janvier 2015) : 1855–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.1855.

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In order to improve the modeling efficiency of RBF neural network, an Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (AFSA) training algorithm with an adaptive mechanism is proposed. In the training algorithm, the search step size and visible domain of AFSA algorithm can be adjusted dynamically according to the convergence characteristics of artificial fish swarm, and then the improved AFSA algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of RBF neural network. The example shows that, the proposed model is a better approximation performance for the nonlinear function.

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Hodge, Kevin A., et Arthur D. Fisk. « Toward an Understanding of Skill Decay : Retention of Automatic Component Processes ». Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, n^o 19 (octobre 1989) : 1258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301904.

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This investigation addresses fundamental aspects of the reliability and stability of both basic cognitive functions and automatic processing components of skills. In the present experiment we investigated the pattern of component skill retention (or decay) exhibited after training on automatic and controlled processing task components. Participants were trained on a hybrid memory/visual, semantic-category search task and received low (720 trials), moderate (2,160 trials) and high (4,320 trials) amounts of consistently mapped (CM) training plus variably mapped (VM) training (720 trials). Retention was tested at five time intervals: one day, 30 days, 90 days, 180 days and 365 days following training. Critical data for this investigation involve the pattern of performance decay across conditions and retention intervals. After an initial decline in the first 30 days following training, performance in CM conditions remained stable from Day 30 to Day 365. VM performance was erratic. The present research has practical and theoretical significance for elucidation of the mechanisms underlying long-term retention of automatic processes. Specification of these mechanisms is essential in the attempt to predict performance after a period of inactivity, to determine what constitutes appropriate refresher training, and to designate which skill components to emphasize during training.

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Ghirlanda, Stefano, et Magnus Enquist. « How training and testing histories affect generalization : a test of simple neural networks ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B : Biological Sciences 362, n^o 1479 (15 janvier 2007) : 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2006.1972.

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We show that a simple network model of associative learning can reproduce three findings that arise from particular training and testing procedures in generalization experiments: the effect of (i) ‘errorless learning’, (ii) extinction testing on peak shift, and (iii) the central tendency effect. These findings provide a true test of the network model which was developed to account for other phenomena, and highlight the potential of neural networks to study the phenomena that depend on sequences of experiences with many stimuli. Our results suggest that at least some such phenomena, e.g. stimulus range effects, may derive from basic mechanisms of associative memory rather than from more complex memory processes.

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Shree, Sonal. « Augmenting training–learning experience by design : a conceptual framework ». Industrial and Commercial Training 52, n^o 1 (8 février 2020) : 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ict-09-2019-0086.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibility of designing training sessions on the basis of a dramatic structure and inclusion of contextual narrative for facilitating transfer of learning. The role of stimulating curiosity in this process has also been scanned under the lens of neurobiological insights. Design/methodology/approach The paper theoretically develops a framework through an integrative literature review to examine the prospect of enhanced learner engagement through structure, narrative and some interdisciplinary theories, namely, the gap theory of curiosity and the peak end theory. Findings A contextual story-based training method designed on the basis of a dramatic plot structure can leverage on the learners’ emotions for engaging learning sessions and retention of content. Such design offers potential to improvise and strengthen the overall training module design and delivery mechanism. The outcome is seen through enhanced peak moments of curiosity and satisfaction, thus enriching the overall training–learning process. Research limitations/implications The study is theory based and non-empirical which does not give it a ground to make generalised statements and conclusions. This factor, however, paves the way for future research in the allied areas such as empirical testing of the framework by identifying and testing the variables and other contextual and causal factors. Practical implications The suggested framework has practical implications for Learning and Development managers as well as academies. The conceptual framework provided in this work can lend some unique insights towards strengthening the training–learning process. Originality/value Although the concept of using stories for training is not new, this study contributes by proposing a new theoretical framework that examines together the elements of sound dramatic structure and a story-based training method. Such a design, conceived by taking into account an understanding of the working mind, can influence the overall experience of achieving positive training–learning results.

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Sherwood, Jennifer J., Cathy Inouye, Shannon L. Webb, Ange Zhou, Erik A. Anderson et Nicole S. Spink. « Relationship between physical and cognitive performance in community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults : a cross-sectional study ». PeerJ 7 (7 janvier 2019) : e6159. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6159.

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Background Regular exercise training stimulates physiological adaptations to improve physical performance, reduce chronic disease risk, and slow age-related cognitive decline. Since the physiological mechanisms responsible for aging-associated cognitive decline are not yet fully understood, and training-induced physiological adaptations responsible for performance measure improvements are specific to the type (aerobic vs. strength) and intensity of training, studies are needed to assess the relationships between physical performance measures and cognitive performance in older adults. These results could be used to guide exercise prescriptions with the goal of improving age-related cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical performance measures and cognitive performance in a population of community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults. Methods The cognitive performance of ninety independent, community dwelling participants (69 female, 21 male), aged 75 ± 9.5 years (mean ± SD) was measured with the Modified Mini-Mental State Test (3MS), Trailmaking Tests A and B (TMT A & B), and the Animal Naming test. Sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity, medication use, years of education) and anthropometric data were collected, physical activity was assessed with the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), peak hand-grip strength, distance walked in the 6MWT, and heart rate pre-, during, and up to 5 min. post- 6MWT were measured. Forward stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed with each cognitive measure as a dependent variable. Results and Discussion Controlling for sociodemographic covariates, peak heart rate during the 6MWT (6MWT HRPEAK) was positively correlated with performance in the 3MS (p < 0.017), and TMT A (p < 0.001) and B (p < 0.029). Controlling for sociodemographic covariates, PASE was positively (p = 0.001), and β-blocker use negatively (p = 0.035), correlated with performance on the Animal Naming test. Also, controlling for sociodemographic covariates, PASE was positively correlated with performance on the TMT A (p = 0.017). Here we show that higher peak heart rate during the 6MWT is positively correlated with cognitive performance in a population of community dwelling, ethnically diverse older adults (ages 60–95 years). Conclusion Higher peak heart rate during the 6MWT was found to be independently and positively correlated with cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. Although additional work is needed, these results are promising and suggest that physicians, exercise professionals, and/or fitness/fall prevention programs may use peak heart rate during the 6MWT to easily monitor exercise intensity to support cognitive health.

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Wang, Jundi, Xing Wang, Yuanrong Tian, Zhenkun Chen et You Chen. « A Radar Emitter Recognition Mechanism Based on IFS-Tri-Training Classification Processing ». Electronics 11, n^o 7 (29 mars 2022) : 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071078.

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Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) is one of the basic pieces of combat equipment necessary for the electromagnetic situational awareness of aircraft in modern operations and requires good rapid performance and accuracy. This paper proposes a data processing flow for radar warning devices based on a hierarchical processing mechanism to address the issue of existing algorithms’ inability to balance real-time and accuracy. In the front-level information processing module, multi-attribute decision-making under intuitionistic fuzzy information (IFS) is used to process radar signals with certain prior knowledge to achieve rapid performance. In the post-level information processing module, an improved tri-training method is used to ensure accurate recognition of signals with low pre-level recognition accuracy. To improve the performance of tri-training in identifying radar emitters, the original algorithm is combined with the modified Hyperbolic Tangent Weight (MHTW) to address the problem of data imbalance in the radar identification problem. Simultaneously, cross entropy is employed to enhance the sample selection mechanism, allowing the algorithm to converge rapidly.

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