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1
Colonnelli, De Gasperis Mattia. « Le azioni correlate.Tracking Stocks ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3667.
Texte intégralRésumé :
2008/2009Il lavoro ha ad oggetto l’istituto giuridico delle azioni correlate o di settore (già noto e diffuso in ordinamenti stranieri con il nome tracking stocks e tracking shares), introdotto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano dalla recente riforma di diritto societario al fine di rendere le forme di finanziamento della società per azioni più efficienti, flessibili e maggiormente adatte alle esigenze degli investitori e dei mercati di capitali. Tale strumento di partecipazione azionaria offre l’opportunità di un investimento remunerato secondo la produttività di uno specifico settore dell’attività esercitata dalla società emittente. Ai sensi del novellato art. 2350, comma 2, c.c., le azioni correlate sono, infatti, “azioni fornite di diritti patrimoniali correlati ai risultati dell’attività sociale in un determinato settore”. Lo studio si apre con l’analisi delle ragioni economico-finanziarie sottostanti l’emissione di tracking stocks, soffermandosi sul diversification discount, la corporate governance, l’asimmetria informativa, le operazioni straordinarie di ristrutturazione aziendale, i particolari equilibri nell’ambito di compagini complesse, l’incentivazione ai managers, la predisposizione di poison pills in caso di scalate ostili. Il precedente storico dell’istituto risale al 1984 quando General Motors al fine di acquisire Electronic Data System attribuì agli azionisti di quest’ultima azioni correlate al core business della medesima società acquisita. La prima operazione europea di ammissione alla quotazione di azioni correlate è avvenuta in Francia nel 2000, anno in cui Alcatel S.A. collocava sul premier marchè azioni correlate all’attività della società controllata Alcatel Optronics. In Italia, le tre società chiuse AIMAG S.p.A. (2006), ATAF S.p.A. (2005) e Friulia S.p.A. (2005) e l’investment company quotata Cape Live S.p.A. (2007) hanno emesso azioni correlate. Vengono approfonditi, tra l’altro, l’ambito di applicabilità dell’istituto, con particolare riguardo alla definizione di settore, alle divisional tracking stocks ed alle subsidiary tracking stocks, e la correlazione dei diritti patrimoniali ai risultati di un settore specifico di attività sociale esercitata dall’emittente (correlazione in senso forte, o close tracking, e correlazione in senso debole, o loose tracking), quale elemento minimo e caratterizzante tale categoria azionaria. Si conclude che sul piano strutturale e funzionale il risultato del settore rappresenta il parametro quantitativo, il criterio, relativo o assoluto, fisso o variabile, per il calcolo della parte di risultato di esercizio di spettanza delle azioni correlate. Sono analizzati, poi, i diritti patrimoniali tipici delle azioni correlate, quali il diritto agli utili, la partecipazione alle perdite ed il diritto alla quota di liquidazione, e i diritti amministrativi, quali il diritto di voto in assemblea generale ed in assemblea speciale, anche nel contesto dell’autonomia statutaria. Il lavoro prosegue con la trattazione del tema dell’accertamento del risultato di settore e delle modalità di rendicontazione da inserirsi all’interno dello statuto. Si argomenta che il risultato di settore non può considerarsi concetto giuridico e/o contabile predefinito e non rappresenta il contenuto del diritto patrimoniale dell’azionista, ma solo un parametro di commisurazione dello stesso, in funzione del criterio di correlazione prescelto. Viene trattato, inoltre, il diritto di conversione delle azioni correlate in azioni ordinarie come meccanismo di exit, funzionale a disciplinare la sorte delle azioni correlate al verificarsi di predeterminati eventi o condizioni. Si esaminano le clausole di conversione ricorrenti nella prassi internazionale, di cui si verifica la compatibilità con l'ordinamento italiano. Infine, vengono identificate le nuove criticità di corporate governance cui le azioni correlate danno luogo, come ad esempio le nuove conflittualità orizzontali tra i soci relative all’allocazione di risorse, delle opportunità d’affari (corporate opportunities), delle spese e dei costi comuni. In tale contesto si forniscono alcuni standards di condotta che gli amministratori di società multi settoriali devono seguire, onde evitare di incorrere in responsabilità verso la società, i soci o i creditori sociali. In tale contesto, si parte dalla constatazione di carattere economico per cui l’impresa multi settoriale è accostabile al fenomeno del gruppo di società ovvero dell’imprenditore-persona fisica o comunque soggetto che abbia rilevanti interessi economici in altre imprese, individuali o collettive. E’ interesse comune a tutti gli azionisti sia che la società mantenga un sano equilibrio economico e finanziario sia che la società venga gestita, nel suo complesso, in modo efficiente. Nel caso in cui la società è insolvente perdono tutti i soci. Una gestione economicamente efficiente conduce alla massimizzazione del valore aggregato delle azioni, cui corrisponde la massimizzazione del valore di ciascuna categoria di azioni, cuore della teoria del c.d. shareholder value. In tale prospettiva l'attenzione si sposta necessariamente sulle modalità gestionali. Infatti, tale interesse comune può essere perseguito esclusivamente attraverso una continua e costante azione perequativa da parte degli amministratori volta ad armonizzare ed ottimizzare il funzionamento particolare di ciascun settore con quello degli altri.
XXII Ciclo
1975
2
Tellier, Sonia L. « Tracking Turnaround : Understanding Data Use as a Shared Leadership Practice ». Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107991.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis advisor: Martin ScanlanThis qualitative case study examined leaders’ shared data use, a process of translating data into action (Bernhardt, 2013). Understanding data use is considered conceptually by attending to the assistance relationships shared between central office leaders and principals in the context of turnaround. Such relationships are marked by occasions during which members share expertise by modeling practices; the modeling informs how systems, structures and subsequent practices are introduced and even reinforced for newer members. I focused my analysis on four manifestations of data use: data’s influence on adjusting leadership practice, data’s ability to inform instruction, data use’s benefits from technological advancement, and the intentional promotion of resilience. Data collection included document review as well as interviews with central office leaders and principals. Findings evidenced the nature of both central office leaders’ and principals’ data use as well as revealed a remarkable degree of commonality in the language and practices these leaders shared. The results of this study indicated that assistance relationships are a functioning element of leadership in the turnaround context. This study supported the research that leaders’ shared practice of data use benefits student growth and achievement in line with state-determined assessment and accountability targets. Recommendations include additional research into Lawrence Public Schools’ data use to further inform a blueprint for comprehensive district-wide reform as well as the development of exit criteria from receivership
Thesis (EdD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Leadership and Higher Education
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Forney, Christina. « State Estimation for Tracking of Tagged Sharks with an AUV ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/664.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Presented is a method for estimating the planar position, velocity, and orientation states of a tagged shark. The method is designed for implementation on an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) equipped with a stereo-hydrophone and receiver system that detects acoustic signals transmitted by a tag. The particular hydrophone system used here provides a measurement of relative bearing angle to the tag, but does not provide the sign (+ or -) of the bearing angle. A particle filter was used for fusing measurements over time to produce a state estimate of the tag location. The particle filter combined with an active control system allowed the system to overcome the ambiguity in the sign of the bearing angle. This state estimator was validated by tracking a stationary tag and moving tag with known positions. These experiments revealed state estimate errors were on par with those obtained by manually driven boat based tracking systems, the current method used for tracking fish and sharks over long distances. Final experiments involved the catching, releasing, and an autonomous AUV tracking of a 1 meter leopard shark (Triakis semifasciata) in SeaPlane Lagoon, Los Angeles, California.
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Manii, Esfandiar. « AUTONOMOUS TRACKING AND FOLLOWING OF SHARKS WITH AN AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE ». DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/729.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents the integration of an acoustic tracking system within an autonomous underwater AUV (AUV) to enable real-time tracking of sharks tagged with artificial acoustic sources. The tracking system consists of two hydrophones and a receiver unit that outputs a measurement of the relative angle to the tagged shark. Since only two hydrophones are used, the sign of the relative angle measurement is unknown. To overcome this ambiguity, a particle filter algorithm was developed to estimate the position of the acoustic source. When combined with an active control system that drives vehicle to obtain different orientations with respect to the acoustic source, real-time autonomous localization, tracking, and following of a tagged shark is shown to be possible. Four types of ocean experiments were used to validate the system including: 1) AUV tracking of a stationary tag, 2) AUV tracking of a tagged kayak, 3) AUV tracking of a tagged AUV, and 4) AUV tracking of a tagged shark. These experiments were analyzed with respect to the localization error, associated error variance, and distance between the AUV and the tag. The final shark tracking experiments took place in SeaPlane Lagoon, Los Angeles, CA, where the AUV was able to autonomously track and follow a tagged Leopard Shark for several hours.
5
Didner, Maria, et Niklas Franzén. « Sambandet mellan förändringar i fonders portföljsammansättning och prestation : Effekten av ett nytt aktivitetsmått ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220396.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tidigare forskning är inte enig om aktivt förvaltade fonder presterar bättre eller sämre än index. Då hänsyn inte tas till olika nivåer av aktivitet tycks de flesta studier visa att aktiv förvaltning är en förlustaffär för fondsparare. Vi introducerar ett nytt mått på aktivitet, aktivitetsgrad, som utgår från de åtgärder förvaltaren vidtar. Aktivitetsgraden definieras av mängden och storleken på förändringar i portföljsammansättningen som sker under ett kvartal. Vi undersöker aktivitetsgraden hos 22 svenska småbolagsfonder mellan 2008 och 2013 och finner att de flesta fonder har en låg aktivitetsgrad. Vi finner att aktivitetsgraden verkar negativt på prestation samt att aktivitetsgrad är bättre på att förutsäga prestation än Tracking Error.
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Msolli, Badreddine. « Actions traçantes, structure du capital et choix stratégique de restructuration ». Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La variété des situations auxquelles sont confrontés les acteurs de la vie des affaires, et l’importance des sommes en jeu, constituent un aiguillon particulièrement stimulant pour la réflexion des spécialistes dans le domaine financier et juridique. Un engouement s’enracine également dans la tendance des marchés financiers à exiger une plus grande transparence dans la gestion des groupes diversifiés, dont la lisibilité financière est souvent réduite. Une telle exigence de lisibilité est au cœur de la définition des actions traçantes. Apparues outre-Atlantique au début des années 80, elles ont bénéficié, avec l’avènement de la nouvelle économie, d’un regain d’intérêt notable et d’un volume d’émission élevé sur le marché financier américain depuis les années 90. L’émission d’actions traçantes, mis à part leur nature hybride, constitue une mesure de restructuration assez particulière qui vient compléter la base d’études déjà constituée sur le thème de la restructuration de capitaux. Cette recherche a pour ambition de montrer comment introduire les actions traçantes sur le marché financier français et plus particulièrement, elle permettra d’élargir le choix des formes de restructuration qui seront présentés pour des entreprises souhaitant chercher de nouvelles sources de financement, se procurer de nouveaux moyens d’acquisition et atteindre l’objectif fondamental qui est celui de la création de valeur. De ce fait, l’émission d’actions traçantes se trouvera en concurrence avec d’autres formes de restructuration (scission et apport partiel d’actif). Par conséquent, on présentera les facteurs dont les entreprises devront tenir compte dans le choix des restructurations envisagéesThe variety of situations faced by actors of the business concerning their field, and the importance of the amount of money involved, is considered as a mind moving element particularly for specialists in financial and legal matters. Enthusiasm is also rooted in the financial markets which tend to require greater transparency from groups, including financial visibility that is often reduced. Such a requirement is highly recommended in the definition of tracking stock. Emerged across the Atlantic in the early 80s, they have benefited, with the advent of the new economy, a noticeable income of interest and have increased since the early '90s until now through a large number of issuances on the U.S. financial market. The issuance of tracking stock, apart from its hybrid nature, contains a certain measure of restructuring rather special that completes the basis of studies already made on the subject of capital restructuring. This research also aims to show how to introduce tracking stock on the French financial market, and more particularly to expand the choice of forms of restructuring that will be presented to companies in hope to seek new funding sources, to obtain new ways of acquisition and achieve a fundamental objective which is the creation of value. Therefore, the issuing of tracking stock will have to compete with other forms of restructuring (spin-off, equity carve-out). Thus, we present the factors that companies should deem when choosing the restructuring proposed
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Woodland, Angela M. « The effects of tracking stock issuances on operating performance, shareholder wealth, and the informativeness of accounting fundamentals / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025667.
Texte intégral
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Jacoby, David. « A network analysis approach to understanding shark behaviour ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4093.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The mechanisms and functions of shark grouping behaviour have received relatively little scientific attention to date. The current widespread use of social network analysis to study animal groups, in concert with rapid advances in animal tracking technology, now allows us to test specific hypotheses about how and why sharks form groups. This thesis uses replicated laboratory experiments to investigate some of the mechanisms underpinning aggregation in a model species of benthic, oviporous elasmobranch, the small spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula L. 1758; Scyliorhinidae). Acoustic tracking of this species in the wild is also conducted to explore how network analyses can be adopted to study the localized movements, habitat connectivity and ranging behaviour of adult sharks. Groups of juvenile S. canicula were characterized by non-random social preferences, crucially, only when individuals were familiar with one another suggesting social recognition is important in young sharks of this species. Genetic analyses of parent and offspring DNA revealed very high levels of multiple paternity in this species, likely due to male sexual harassment and multiple mating, which leads to increased genetic diversity between juvenile sharks. Perhaps unsurprisingly, there was no evidence of kin relatedness structuring social interactions between conspecifics. Furthermore, testing the effects of environment on social behaviour provided evidence that these juveniles aggregated more in structurally complex environments than simple ones. However, at the individual level sharks showed consistency in their social network positions through time and across different habitat types. This result is indicative of personality traits in S. canicula. Using data gathered via passive acoustic telemetry of wild shark behaviour, network analysis provided a useful tool with which to quantify movement between receivers. One chapter has been dedicated to the application of these methods, highlighting a number of different analyses for predicting movement behaviour from such data. Finally, these methods were adopted to address ecological questions in this sexually segregated species. Persistent site fidelity to a localised inshore area by both male and female sharks suggested that segregation occurred at a relatively small spatial and temporal scale. Despite strong evidence of segregation, analyses of movement networks and individual co-occurrences revealed distinct periods of behavioural synchronicity during the months of March, April and May. In addition, habitat complexity appeared to be a significant driver of female behavioural strategy. Enhancing our knowledge of the social and environmental drivers of aggregation and movement in sharks is of great importance given the ecological threat facing many of our ocean’s top elasmobranch predators.
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Högger, Andreas. « Dempster Shafer Sensor Fusion for Autonomously Driving Vehicles : Association Free Tracking of Dynamic Objects ». Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187814.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Autonomous driving vehicles introduce challenging research areas combining differ-ent disciplines. One challenge is the detection of obstacles with different sensors and the combination of information to generate a comprehensive representation of the environment, which can be used for path planning and decision making.The sensor fusion is demonstrated using two Velodyne multi beam laser scanners, but it is possible to extend the proposed sensor fusion framework for different sensor types. Sensor fusion methods are highly dependent on an accurate pose estimate, which can not be guaranteed in any case. A fault tolerant sensor fusion based on the Dempster Shafer theory to take the uncertainty of the pose estimate into account is discussed and compared using an example, although not implemented on the test vehicle.Based on the fused occupancy grid map, dynamic obstacles are tracked to give a velocity estimate without the need of any object or track association methods. Ex-periments are carried out on real world data as well as on simulated measurements, for which a ground truth reference is provided.The occupancy grid mapping algorithm runs on central- and graphical-processing units, which allows to give a comparison between the two approaches and to stress out which approach is preferably used, depending on the application.Självkörande bilar har lett till flera intressanta forskningsområden som kombinerar manga olika discipliner. En utmaning är att ge fordonet en sorts ¨ögon. Genom att använda ytterligare sensorer och kombinera data frän samtliga så kan man detektera hinder i fordonets väg. Detta kan naturligtvis användas för att förbättra fordonets planerade rutt och därmed också minska klimatpåverkan. Här används två sammankopplade Velodyne laserstrålsensorer för att undersöka detta Närmare, men det går också att utöka antalet sensorer ytterligare. Sammanlänkningen av sensorer är mycket känslig och kräver därför exakta koordinater, vilket inte alltid kan garanteras. Därför utreds istället om en sensor baserad på Dempster Shaferteorin kan användas för att hantera fel och osäkerheter. Denna används dock inte i testfordonet. Baserat på en sammanvägd kartbild över upptagna och fria områden (occupancy grid mapping) kan objekt och hinder i rörelse följas för att uppskatta fordonets hastighet utan att metoder för objekt- eller banidentifiering behöver användas. Experiment har utförts på verklig data. Dessutom används simulerade mätningar där en sann grundreferens används. Algoritmen som används för occupancy-kartan använder sig av central- och grafik-processorenheter, vilket ger oss möjlighet att jämföra två metoder och finna den bäst fungerande metoden för olika applikationer.
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Rönngren, Andreas, et Ding Xu. « Active Share in the Swedish Premium Pension System : A Study on Mutual Fund Activity and Performance ». Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73545.
Texte intégralRésumé :
We investigate the activity and performance of 64 Swedish registered mutual equity funds available in the Swedish Premium Pension System from October 2002 to December 2011. Fund activity is measured by applying the holdings based analysis Active Share combined with Tracking Error Volatility (TEV). Active Share is a relatively new measure that compares a fund’s holdings with its benchmark index constituents (Cremers & Petajisto, 2009; Petajisto, 2013). This is used as a proxy for the fund’s stock selection strategy. As a complement, TEV is used as a proxy for the factor timing strategy. Performance are measured by using Jensen’s (1968) model, Fama and French’s (1993) model and Carhart’s (1997) model. We document that Swedish funds in the Premium Pension System are relatively passive in term of Active Share compared to US funds. We attribute this finding to the relative number of stocks held by a fund compared to the market. Swedish equity funds hold a relatively larger share of the number of stocks in the Swedish market while US funds hold a relatively smaller share of the stocks in the US market. We run a panel regression analysis to test the relation between Active Share and various variables. We find that funds with higher TER fees and fewer stocks on average have higher Active Share. There are also indications that TEV is positively related to Active Share. However, the overall explanatory power of the variables is low. We attribute this as evidence that Active Share is an independent measure of fund activity. Overall, we find neutral performance for an equally weighted portfolio of all funds in the PPS. To examine the performance differences between different levels of activity, we sort funds into five portfolios based on Active Share and TEV. The results show that, given a medium-to-low TEV, funds with high Active Share significantly outperform funds with low Active Share. Furthermore, it appears that the fee rebate in the Premium Pension System is important especially for the passive funds. Without the rebate, the passive funds underperform significantly. We run a panel regression analysis on the future fund performance to test the predictive abilities of Active Share and TEV. The results indicate that Active Share does not explain future performance differences. Conversely, TEV is negatively related to future performance which can be explained by fund managers being overconfident
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Chavez, Garcia Ricardo Omar. « Multiple sensor fusion for detection, classification and tracking of moving objects in driving environments ». Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM034/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les systèmes avancés d'assistance au conducteur (ADAS) aident les conducteurs à effectuer des tâches de conduite complexes et à éviter ou atténuer les situations dangereuses. Le véhicule détecte le monde extérieur au moyen de capteurs, et ensuite construit et met à jour un modèle interne de la configuration de l'environnement. La perception de véhicule consiste à établir des relations spatiales et temporelles entre le véhicule et les obstacles statiques et mobiles dans l'environnement. Cette perception se compose de deux tâches principales : la localisation et cartographie simultanées (SLAM) traite de la modélisation de pièces statiques; et la détection et le suivi d'objets en mouvement (DATMO) est responsable de la modélisation des pièces mobiles dans l'environnement. Afin de réaliser un bon raisonnement et contrôle, le système doit modéliser correctement l'environnement. La détection précise et la classification des objets en mouvement est un aspect essentiel d'un système de suivi d'objets. Classification des objets en mouvement est nécessaire pour déterminer le comportement possible des objets entourant le véhicule, et il est généralement réalisée au niveau de suivi des objets. La connaissance de la classe d'objets en mouvement au niveau de la détection peut aider à améliorer leur suivi. La plupart des solutions de perception actuels considèrent informations de classification seulement comme information additional pour la sortie final de la perception. Aussi, la gestion de l'information incomplète est une exigence importante pour les systèmes de perception. Une information incomplète peut être originaire de raisons liées à la détection, tels que les problèmes d calibrage et les dysfonctionnements des capteurs; ou des perturbations de la scène, comme des occlusions, des problèmes de météo et objet déplacement. Les principales contributions de cette thèse se concentrent sur la scène DATMO. Précisément, nous pensons que l'inclusion de la classe de l'objet comme un élément clé de la représentation de l'objet et la gestion de l'incertitude de plusieurs capteurs de détections, peut améliorer les résultats de la tâche de perception. Par conséquent, nous abordons les problèmes de l'association de données, la fusion de capteurs, la classification et le suivi à différents niveaux au sein de la phase de DATMO. Même si nous nous concentrons sur un ensemble de trois capteurs principaux: radar, lidar, et la caméra, nous proposons une architecture modifiables pour inclure un autre type ou nombre de capteurs. Premièrement, nous définissons une représentation composite de l'objet pour inclure des informations de classe et de l'état d'objet deouis le début de la tâche de perception. Deuxièmement, nous proposons, mettre en œuvre, et comparons deux architectures de perception afin de résoudre le problème de DATMO selon le niveau où l'association des objets, la fusion et la classification des informations sont inclus et appliquées. Nos méthodes de fusion de données sont basées sur la théorie de l'evidence, qui est utilisé pour gérer et inclure l'incertitude de la détection du capteur et de la classification des objets. Troisièmement, nous proposons une approche d'association de données bassée en la théorie de l'evidence pour établir une relation entre deux liste des détections d'objets. Quatrièmement, nous intégrons nos approches de fusion dans le cadre d'une application véhicule en temps réel. Cette intégration a été réalisée dans un réelle démonstrateur de véhicule du projet European InteractIVe. Finalement, nous avons analysé et évalué expérimentalement les performances des méthodes proposées. Nous avons comparé notre fusion rapproche les uns contre les autres et contre une méthode state-of-the-art en utilisant des données réelles de scénarios de conduite différents. Ces comparaisons sont concentrés sur la détection, la classification et le suivi des différents objets en mouvement: piétons, vélos, voitures et camionsAdvanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) help drivers to perform complex driving tasks and to avoid or mitigate dangerous situations. The vehicle senses the external world using sensors and then builds and updates an internal model of the environment configuration. Vehicle perception consists of establishing the spatial and temporal relationships between the vehicle and the static and moving obstacles in the environment. Vehicle perception is composed of two main tasks: simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) deals with modelling static parts; and detection and tracking moving objects (DATMO) is responsible for modelling moving parts in the environment. In order to perform a good reasoning and control, the system has to correctly model the surrounding environment. The accurate detection and classification of moving objects is a critical aspect of a moving object tracking system. Therefore, many sensors are part of a common intelligent vehicle system. Classification of moving objects is needed to determine the possible behaviour of the objects surrounding the vehicle, and it is usually performed at tracking level. Knowledge about the class of moving objects at detection level can help improve their tracking. Most of the current perception solutions consider classification information only as aggregate information for the final perception output. Also, management of incomplete information is an important requirement for perception systems. Incomplete information can be originated from sensor-related reasons, such as calibration issues and hardware malfunctions; or from scene perturbations, like occlusions, weather issues and object shifting. It is important to manage these situations by taking them into account in the perception process. The main contributions in this dissertation focus on the DATMO stage of the perception problem. Precisely, we believe that including the object's class as a key element of the object's representation and managing the uncertainty from multiple sensors detections, we can improve the results of the perception task, i.e., a more reliable list of moving objects of interest represented by their dynamic state and appearance information. Therefore, we address the problems of sensor data association, and sensor fusion for object detection, classification, and tracking at different levels within the DATMO stage. Although we focus on a set of three main sensors: radar, lidar, and camera, we propose a modifiable architecture to include other type or number of sensors. First, we define a composite object representation to include class information as a part of the object state from early stages to the final output of the perception task. Second, we propose, implement, and compare two different perception architectures to solve the DATMO problem according to the level where object association, fusion, and classification information is included and performed. Our data fusion approaches are based on the evidential framework, which is used to manage and include the uncertainty from sensor detections and object classifications. Third, we propose an evidential data association approach to establish a relationship between two sources of evidence from object detections. We observe how the class information improves the final result of the DATMO component. Fourth, we integrate the proposed fusion approaches as a part of a real-time vehicle application. This integration has been performed in a real vehicle demonstrator from the interactIVe European project. Finally, we analysed and experimentally evaluated the performance of the proposed methods. We compared our evidential fusion approaches against each other and against a state-of-the-art method using real data from different driving scenarios. These comparisons focused on the detection, classification and tracking of different moving objects: pedestrian, bike, car and truck
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Sagonda, Arnold Farai. « Modelling and Tracking of the Global Maximum Power Point in Shaded Solar PV Systems Using Computational Intelligence ». Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30973.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems are renewable energy sources that are environmentally friendly and are now widely used as a source of power generation. The power produced by solar PV varies with temperature, solar irradiance and load. This variation is nonlinear and it is difficult to predict how much power will be produced by the solar PV system. When the solar panel is directly coupled to the load, the power delivered is not optimal unless the load is properly matched to the PV system. In the case of a matched load the variation of irradiance and temperature will change this matching so a maximum peak power point tracking is therefore necessary for maximum efficiency. The complete PV system with a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) includes the solar panel array, MPPT algorithm and a DC-DC converter topology. Each subsystem is modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The components are then combined with a DC resistive load to assess the overall performance when the PV panels are subjected to different weather conditions. The PV panel is modelled based on the Shockley diode equation and is used to predict the electrical characteristic curves under different irradiances and temperatures. In this dissertation, five MPPT algorithms were investigated. These algorithms include the standard Perturb and Observe (PnO), Incremental conductance (IC), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and the Firefly Optimisation (FA). The algorithms are tested under different weather conditions including partial shading. The Particle Swarm and Firefly algorithm performed relatively the same and were chosen to be the best under all test conditions as they were the most efficient and were able to track the global maximum power point under partial shading. The PnO and IC performed well under static and varying irradiance, the PnO was seen to lose track of the MPP under rapid increasing irradiance. The PnO was tested under partial shaded conditions and it was seen that it is not reliable under these conditions. The Fuzzy logic performed better than the PnO and IC but was not as good as the PSO and FA. Since the fuzzy logic requires extensive tuning to converge it was not tested under partial shaded conditions. A DC-DC boost converter interface study between a DC source and the DC load are performed. This includes the steady state and dynamic analysis of the Boost converter. The converter is linearised about its steady state operating point and the transfer function is obtained using the state space averaged model. The simulation results of the complete PV system show that PSO and Firefly algorithm provided the best results under all weather conditions compared to other algorithms. They provided less oscillations at steady state, high efficiency in tracking (99%), quick convergence time at maximum power point and where able to track global power under partial shaded weather conditions for all partial shaded patterns. The Fuzzy logic performed well for what it was tested for which are static irradiance and rapid varying irradiance. The PnO and IC also performed relatively well but showed a lot of ringing at steady state. The PnO failed to track the MPP at certain instances under rapid increasing irradiance and the IC was shown to be unstable at low irradiance. The PnO was not reliable in tracking the global maximum power point under partial shaded conditions as it converged at local maximum power points for some partial shaded patterns.
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Solis, Montero Andres. « Efficient Feature Extraction for Shape Analysis, Object Detection and Tracking ». Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34830.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the course of this thesis, two scenarios are considered. In the first one, we contribute to feature extraction algorithms. In the second one, we use features to improve object detection solutions and localization. The two scenarios give rise to into four thesis sub-goals. First, we present a new shape skeleton pruning algorithm based on contour approximation and the integer medial axis. The algorithm effectively removes unwanted branches, conserves the connectivity of the skeleton and respects the topological properties of the shape. The algorithm is robust to significant boundary noise and to rigid shape transformations. It is fast and easy to implement. While shape-based solutions via boundary and skeleton analysis are viable solutions to object detection, keypoint features are important for textured object detection. Therefore, we present a keypoint featurebased planar object detection framework for vision-based localization. We demonstrate that our framework is robust against illumination changes, perspective distortion, motion
blur, and occlusions. We increase robustness of the localization scheme in cluttered environments and decrease false detection of targets. We present an off-line target evaluation strategy and a scheme to improve pose. Third, we extend planar object detection to a real-time approach for 3D object detection using a mobile and uncalibrated camera. We develop our algorithm based on two novel naive Bayes classifiers for viewpoint and feature matching that improve performance and decrease memory usage. Our algorithm exploits the specific structure of various binary descriptors in order to boost feature matching by conserving descriptor properties. Our novel naive classifiers require a database with a small memory footprint because we only store efficiently encoded features. We improve the feature-indexing scheme to speed up the matching process creating a highly efficient database for objects. Finally, we present a model-free long-term tracking algorithm based on the Kernelized Correlation Filter. The proposed solution improves the correlation tracker based on precision, success, accuracy and robustness while increasing frame rates. We integrate adjustable Gaussian window and sparse features for robust scale estimation creating a better separation of the target and the background. Furthermore, we include fast descriptors and Fourier spectrum packed format to boost performance while decreasing the memory footprint. We compare our algorithm with state-of-the-art techniques to validate the results.
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Halstead, Michael A. « Locating people in video surveillance from semantic descriptions ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/112818/1/Michael_Halstead_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This PhD research developed new approaches to locate individuals in surveillance footage from a semantically describable target description. Investigations in this programme focused on the use of soft biometrics such as clothing colours and patterns, and height as traits to locate a target subject in video. This facilitated the introduction of techniques able to reduce the impact on human operators in surveillance settings.
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Ortega, Lori A. « Movement and distribution of juvenile bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, in response to water quality and quantity modifications in a Florida nursery ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002374.
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Harwood, Peter, Christopher Wilson, Arthur Sullivan et Eugene Augustin. « LOW COST, HIGHLY TRANSPORTABLE, TELEMETRY TRACKING SYSTEM FEATURING THE AUGUSTINE/SULLIVAN DISTRIBUTION AND POLARIZATION, FREQUENCY AND SPACE DIVERSITY ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608364.
Texte intégralRésumé :
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 28-31, 1996 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaThe tracking system is part of a telemetry ground station being developed for the UK Ministry of Defence. The design objective is a self-contained transportable system for field use in a vehicle or workshop environment, so that the system components are required to be man portable. Comprehensive facilities are required for the reception, display and analysis of telemetry data from a remote 1430-1450MHz airborne source at ranges of up to 205km. Since tracking over water is a prime requirement the system must accommodate severe multipath fading. A detailed analysis of the link budget indicates that there is a major conflict between cost, portability, antenna size and the receiver complexity required to achieve a satisfactory performance margin. A baseline system is analysed using a four foot antenna. Methods for improving the performance are then considered including polarisation, frequency and space diversity coupled with alternative antenna types and configurations. The optimum solution utilises two six foot diameter shaped beam single axis antennas of unique design in conjunction with a receiving system which economically combines the elements of polarisation, frequency and space diversity.
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Duarte, Licínia Maria Ferreira. « Gestão ativa e desempenho de fundos de ações portugueses ». Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10552.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Mestrado em FinançasNas últimas décadas tem-se investigado a existência (ou não) de uma superioridade do desempenho de fundos geridos ativamente face aos passivos, i.e., avalia-se quão valiosa é a gestão ativa. Dadas as divergentes conclusões encontradas na literatura financeira, não se encontra um consenso do valor da gestão ativa, continuando esta temática a se apresentar como atual e pertinente em Finanças. Porém, na maioria dos estudos avalia-se o desempenho dos fundos independentemente de serem verdadeiramente ativos, o que pode estar a ?camuflar? o real desempenho dos fundos ativos. O presente estudo ultrapassa essa situação, uma vez que efetua a avaliação do desempenho dos fundos em função dos diferentes estilos de gestão ativa. Para tal, segue-se a metodologia de Cremers & Petajisto (2009) e utiliza-se três modelos de avaliação de desempenho (CAPM, Fama-French, 1992, 1993 e Carhart, 1997). O estudo incide numa amostra de fundos de ações portugueses, centrado nas categorias Nacionais, União Europeia e Internacionais, entre Janeiro de 2005 a Dezembro de 2011, analisando o período como um todo e dois subperíodos (2005-2007 e 2008-2011). Conclui-se que a gestão ativa, em média, não adiciona valor de forma significativa, independentemente dos estilos ativos utilizados pelos gestores portugueses - pelo contrário, em períodos de instabilidade financeira, em média, destruiu valor e de forma significativa.
In the last decades it has investigated the existence (or not) of a superior performance of actively managed funds compared to passive funds, i.e., evaluates how valuable is the active management. Given the divergent conclusions in the financial literature, is not found a consensus about the value of active management, continuing this thematic to present itself as current and pertinent in Finance. However, in most studies evaluate the performance of the funds regardless of whether they are truly active, which can "mask" the real performance of the active funds. The present study overcomes this situation, since it makes the evaluation of the performance of funds according to the different styles of active management. To do so, it follows the methodology of Cremers & Petajisto (2009) and uses three models of performance evaluation (CAPM, Fama-French, 1992, 1993 and Carhart, 1997). This study uses a sample of Portuguese equity fund, focused on National, European Union and International categories, from January 2005 to December 2011, looking at the period as a whole and two sub-periods (2005-2007 and 2008-2011). We conclude that active management, on average, not significantly add value, regardless of the active styles used by Portuguese managers - moreover, during periods of financial instability, on average, destroyed value in a significant way.
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Huang, Chun-Hao [Verfasser], Slobodan [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Ilić, Adrian [Gutachter] Hilton et Daniel [Gutachter] Cremers. « Tracking by Detection of 3D Human Shapes in Multi-camera Environments / Chun-Hao Huang ; Gutachter : Adrian Hilton, Daniel Cremers, Slobodan Ilic ; Betreuer : Slobodan Ilic ». München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1131895339/34.
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Danielsson, Melinda. « Exchange of Tracking Information on a Shared Platform - How the space of interaction can be designed to increase practitioners' motivation in physical activity outdoors ». Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23092.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Interactive technology in the area of fitness and wellbeing has gained increasing interest in the HCI community with the emphasize to design technologies and tools in the aim to encourage people and make them more engaged in physical activity. However, there is little investigation in which precise factors that contribute to user motivation and self-efficacy.Physical activity outdoors together with tracking devices enables the users to view and interpret the results from their practice based on movements. The data can then be visualized on geographic maps, which are powerful tools for presentation. Online platforms on the web give users the opportunity to share their own results together with other practitioners’ results. This creates a shared network of practitioners in a world-wide online setting, based on geolocated information visualized on geographic maps. The study starts with the hypothesis that the space of interaction on a map-based social network platform can be further developed in the aim to increase practitioners’ motivation in physical activity. Two approaches are identified in the study: comparative and supportive. The study examines how they can be integrated in the space of a map-based social network platform in the aim to motivate practitioners. The study results in different kinds of features and investigate in practitioners’ experience of them.
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Wang, He. « From few-cycle femtosecond pulse to single attosecond pulse-controlling and tracking electron dynamics with attosecond precision ». Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4393.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Physics
Zenghu Chang
The few-cycle femtosecond laser pulse has proved itself to be a powerful tool for controlling the electron dynamics inside atoms and molecules. By applying such few-cycle pulses as a driving field, single isolated attosecond pulses can be produced through the high-order harmonic generation process, which provide a novel tool for capturing the real time electron motion. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the state of the art few-cycle near infrared (NIR) laser pulse development, which includes absolute phase control (carrier-envelope phase stabilization), amplitude control (power stabilization), and relative phase control (pulse compression and shaping). Then the double optical gating (DOG) method for generating single attosecond pulses and the attosecond streaking experiment for characterizing such pulses are presented. Various experimental limitations in the attosecond streaking measurement are illustrated through simulation. Finally by using the single attosecond pulses generated by DOG, an attosecond transient absorption experiment is performed to study the autoionization process of argon. When the delay between a few-cycle NIR pulse and a single attosecond XUV pulse is scanned, the Fano resonance shapes of the argon autoionizing states are modified by the NIR pulse, which shows the direct observation and control of electron-electron correlation in the temporal domain.
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Orrby, Filip. « Objektutbyte med hjälp av 3D grafik med fokus på mänskliga kroppsdelar ». Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-162.
Texte intégralRésumé :
I denna uppsats beskrivs metoder för att skapa en arm i 3D samt att lägga in den i ett foto där den ersätter en riktigt arm. Anledningen till detta är att kunna skapa effekter i filmer och bilder som inte är möjliga med analog teknik. I denna uppsats kan man läsa om tekniker som används i varje del av utvecklingsprocessen och problem som uppstår samt lösningar och tips. I uppgiften finns det med delar som Modellering, Texturering, Rendering, Kamera Matchmoving och Compositing.
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Harrington, Edward, et edwardharrington@homemail com au. « Aspects of Online Learning ». The Australian National University. Research School of Information Sciences and Engineering, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060328.160810.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Online learning algorithms have several key advantages compared to their batch learning algorithm counterparts: they are generally more memory efficient, and computationally mor efficient; they are simpler to implement; and they are able to adapt to changes where the learning model is time varying. Online algorithms because of their simplicity are very appealing to practitioners. his thesis investigates several online learning algorithms and their application. The thesis has an underlying theme of the idea of combining several simple algorithms to give better performance. In this thesis we investigate: combining weights, combining hypothesis, and (sort of) hierarchical combining.¶
Firstly, we propose a new online variant of the Bayes point machine (BPM), called the online Bayes point machine (OBPM). We study the theoretical and empirical performance of the OBPm algorithm. We show that the empirical performance of the OBPM algorithm is comparable with other large margin classifier methods such as the approximately large margin algorithm (ALMA) and methods which maximise the margin explicitly, like the support vector machine (SVM). The OBPM algorithm when used with a parallel architecture offers potential computational savings compared to ALMA. We compare the test error performance of the OBPM algorithm with other online algorithms: the Perceptron, the voted-Perceptron, and Bagging. We demonstrate that the combinationof the voted-Perceptron algorithm and the OBPM algorithm, called voted-OBPM algorithm has better test error performance than the voted-Perceptron and Bagging algorithms. We investigate the use of various online voting methods against the problem of ranking, and the problem of collaborative filtering of instances. We look at the application of online Bagging and OBPM algorithms to the telecommunications problem of channel equalization. We show that both online methods were successful at reducing the effect on the test error of label flipping and additive noise.¶
Secondly, we introduce a new mixture of experts algorithm, the fixed-share hierarchy (FSH) algorithm. The FSH algorithm is able to track the mixture of experts when the switching rate between the best experts may not be constant. We study the theoretical aspects of the FSH and the practical application of it to adaptive equalization. Using simulations we show that the FSH algorithm is able to track the best expert, or mixture of experts, in both the case where the switching rate is constant and the case where the switching rate is time varying.
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Rekik, Wafa. « Vers le suivi d’objets dans un cadre évidentiel : représentation, filtrage dynamique et association ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112040/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les systèmes intelligents sont de plus en plus présents dans notre société à l’instar des systèmes de surveillance et de protection de sites civils ou militaires. Leur but est de détecter les intrus et remonter une alarme ou une menace à un opérateur distant. Dans nos travaux, nous nous intéressons à de tels systèmes avec comme objectif de gérer au mieux la qualité de l’information présentée à l’opérateur en termes de fiabilité et précision. Nous nous concentrons sur la modalité image en vue de gérer des détections à la fois incertaines et imprécises de façon à présenter des objets fiables à l’opérateur.Pour préciser notre problème nous posons les contraintes suivantes. La première est que le système soit modulaire, l’une des briques (ou sous-fonctions) du système étant la détection de fragments correspondant potentiellement à des objets. Notre deuxième contrainte est alors de n’utiliser que des informations issues de la géométrie des détections fragmentaires : localisation spatiale dans l’image et taille des détections. Une menace est alors supposée d’autant plus importante que les détections sont de tailles importantes et temporellement persistantes.Le cadre formel choisi est la théorie des fonctions de croyance qui permet de modéliser des données à la fois imprécises et incertaines. Les contributions de cette thèse concernent la représentation des objets en termes de localisation imprécise et incertaine et le filtrage des objets.La représentation pertinente des informations est un point clé pour les problèmes d’estimation ou la prise de décision. Une bonne représentation se reconnaît au fait qu’en découlent des critères simples et performants pour résoudre des sous-problèmes. La représentation proposée dans cette thèse a été valorisée par le fait qu’un critère d’association entre nouvelles détections (fragments) et objets en construction, a pu être défini d’une façon simple et rigoureuse. Rappelons que cette association est une étape clé pour de nombreux problèmes impliquant des données non étiquettées, ce qui étend notre contribution au-delà de l’application considérée.Le filtrage des données est utilisé dans de nombreuses méthodes ou algorithmes pour robustifier les résultats en s’appuyant sur la redondance attendue des données s’opposant à l’inconsistance du bruit. Nous avons alors formulé ce problème en termes d’estimation dynamique d’un cadre de discernement contenant les ‘vraies hypothèses’. Ce cadre est estimé dynamiquement avec la prise en compte de nouvelles données (ou observations) permettant de détecter deux principaux types d’erreurs : la duplication de certaines hypothèses (objets dans notre application), la présence de fausses alarmes (dues au bruit ou aux fausses détections dans notre cas).Pour finir nous montrons la possibilité de coupler nos briques de construction des objets et de filtrage de ces derniers avec une brique de suivi utilisant des informations plus haut niveau, telle que les algorithmes de tracking classiques de traitement d’image.Mots clés: théorie des fonctions des croyances, association de données, filtrageIntelligent systems are more and more present in our society, like the systems of surveillance and civilian or military sites protection. Their purpose is to detect intruders and present the alarms or threats to a distant operator. In our work, we are interested in such systems with the aim to better handle the quality of information presented to the operator in terms of reliability and precision. We focus on the image modality and we have to handle detections that are both uncertain and imprecise in order to present reliable objects to the operator.To specify our problem, we consider the following constraints. The first one is that the system is modular; one subpart of the system is the detection of fragments corresponding potentially to objects. Our second constraint is then to use only information derived from the geometry of these fragmentary detections: spatial location in the image and size of the detections. Then, a threat is supposed all the more important as the detections have an important size and are temporally persistent.The chosen formal framework is the belief functions theory that allows modeling imprecise and uncertain data. The contributions of this thesis deal with the objects representation in terms of imprecise and uncertain location of the objects and object filtering.The pertinent representation of information is a key point for estimation problems and decision making. A representation is good when simple and efficient criteria for the resolution of sub problems can be derived. The representation proposed has allowed us to derive, in a simple and rigorous way, an association criterion between new detections (fragments) and objects under construction. We remind that this association is a key step for several problems with unlabelled data that extends our contribution beyond of the considered application.Data filtering is used in many methods and algorithms to robustify the results using the expected data redundancy versus the noise inconsistency. Then, we formulated our problem in terms of dynamic estimation of a discernment frame including the 'true hypotheses'. This frame is dynamically estimated taking into account the new data (or observations) that allow us to detect two main types of errors, namely the duplication of some hypotheses (objects in our application) and the presence of false alarms (due to noise or false detections in our case).Finally, we show the possibility of coupling our sub-functions dealing with object construction and their filtering with a tracking process using higher level information such as classical tracking algorithm in image processing.Keywords: belief functions theory, data association, filtering
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Hachour, Samir. « Suivi et classification d'objets multiples : contributions avec la théorie des fonctions de croyance ». Thesis, Artois, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ARTO0206/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse aborde le problèeme du suivi et de la classification de plusieurs objets simultanément.Il est montré dans la thèese que les fonctions de croyance permettent d'améliorer les résultatsfournis par des méthodes classiques à base d'approches Bayésiennes. En particulier, une précédenteapproche développée dans le cas d'un seul objet est étendue au cas de plusieurs objets. Il est montréque dans toutes les approches multi-objets, la phase d'association entre observations et objetsconnus est fondamentale. Cette thèse propose également de nouvelles méthodes d'associationcrédales qui apparaissent plus robustes que celles trouvées dans la littérature. Enfin, est abordée laquestion de la classification multi-capteurs qui nécessite une seconde phase d'association. Dans cedernier cas, deux architectures de fusion des données capteurs sont proposées, une dite centraliséeet une autre dite distribuée. De nombreuses comparaisons illustrent l'intérêt de ces travaux, queles classes des objets soient constantes ou variantes dans le tempsThis thesis deals with multi-objet tracking and classification problem. It was shown that belieffunctions allow the results of classical Bayesian methods to be improved. In particular, a recentapproach dedicated to a single object classification which is extended to multi-object framework. Itwas shown that detected observations to known objects assignment is a fundamental issue in multiobjecttracking and classification solutions. New assignment solutions based on belief functionsare proposed in this thesis, they are shown to be more robust than the other credal solutions fromrecent literature. Finally, the issue of multi-sensor classification that requires a second phase ofassignment is addressed. In the latter case, two different multi-sensor architectures are proposed, aso-called centralized one and another said distributed. Many comparisons illustrate the importanceof this work, in both situations of constant and changing objects classes
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Atohoun, Béthel Christian A. R. K. « Architecture logique d'un système multi agents de suivi multi caméra distribué : exploitation du modèle de croyance transférable ». Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0373/document.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette thèse présente l'utilisation conjointe de la théorie de l'évidente et du suivi multi-hypothèses pour la modélisation et la gestion d'un système de suivi multi-caméras dans un environnement autoroutier. Le suivi est basé sur la ré-identification des objets (véhicules) sur la base d'information visio-temporelles. Une concrétisation de ces concepts se traduit par la conception et la mise en oeuvre d'une architecture logicielle multi-agents de gestion du suivi multi-caméras. Après une présentation de l'état de l'art sur les cadres de gestion de l'incertain et celui relatif à fusion de l'information pour la mise en correspondance, et sur les systèmes multi-agents, notre apport dans ce travail se situe à trois niveaux. Le premier a été une adaptation de la phase de décision du modèle de croyance transférable pour y intégrer l'utilisation du suivi multi-hypothèses comme outil de levée d'ambigüité rn cas d'indécision face à une situation de mise en correspondance. Le second apport a été celui de proposer une architecture logicielle à base d'agents pour la gestion du système du suivi multi-caméras. Nous en avons proposé la modélisation globale ainsi que celle des agents et de leurs interactions en utilisant une démarche personnelle d'analyse mais toutefois inspirée de langages et outils de modélisation tels que Agent UML et MaSE pour ne citer que ceux-là, du fait qu'il n'existe pas réellement un standard normalisé à ce jour dans ce domaine. Notre troisième apport a été de faire un début d'implémentation de notre architecture logicielle à base d'agent en nous basant sur la plateforme JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework). Quelques expérimentations et discussions des résultats sont présentées à la fin pour déboucher sur nos conclusions et perspectivesThis thesis presents the joint use of the theory of evidence and multiple hypothesis tracking for modeling and managing a system for monitoring multiple cameras in a motorway. The tracking is based on the re-identification of objects (vehicles) on the basis of visuals and times informations. A realization of these concepts results in the design and implementation of a software architecture for multiple agents management of multiple camera tracking system. After presenting the state of the art on the frameworks of uncertainty management and that on information fusion for the matching, and the multi-agent systems, our contribution in this work is on two or three levels. The first was an adaptation of the decision phase of the transferable belief model to incorporate the use of multi-hypotheses tracking as a tool of ambiguity survey in case of indecision in matching situation. The second contribution was a proposition of agent-based software architecture for management of a multiple cameras tracking system. We have proposed the global system modeling as well as agents and their interactions modeling using a personal analysis method but nevertheless inspired by modelisation languages and tolls such as Agent UML, MaSE and others, because there is not yet a standard and normalized tool on the subject. Our third contribution was to begin an implementation of our agent-based software architecture using JADE (Java Agent Development Framework). Some experiment and discussions are presented at the end to lead to our conclusions and perspectives
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Salmane, Houssam. « Reconstruction et analyse de trajectoires 2D d'objets mobiles par modélisation Markovienne et la théorie de l'évidence à partir de séquences d'images monoculaires - Application à l'évaluation de situations potentiellement dangereuses aux passages à niveau ». Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965595.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les travaux présentés dans ce mémoire s'inscrivent dans le cadre duprojet PANsafer (Vers un Passage A Niveau plus sûr), lauréat de l'appel ANR-VTT2008. Ce projet est labellisé par les deux pôles de compétitivité i-Trans et Véhiculedu Futur. Le travail de la thèse est mené conjointement par le laboratoire IRTESSETde l'UTBM et le laboratoire LEOST de l'IFSTTAR.L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer un système de perception permettantl'interprétation de scénarios dans l'environnement d'un passage à niveau. Il s'agitd'évaluer des situations potentiellement dangereuses par l'analyse spatio-temporelledes objets présents autour du passage à niveau.Pour atteindre cet objectif, le travail est décomposé en trois étapes principales. Lapremière étape est consacrée à la mise en place d'une architecture spatiale des capteursvidéo permettant de couvrir de manière optimale l'environnement du passageà niveau. Cette étape est mise en oeuvre dans le cadre du développement d'unsimulateur d'aide à la sécurité aux passages à niveau en utilisant un système deperception multi-vues. Dans ce cadre, nous avons proposé une méthode d'optimisationpermettant de déterminer automatiquement la position et l'orientation descaméras par rapport à l'environnement à percevoir.La deuxième étape consisteà développer une méthode robuste de suivi d'objets enmouvement à partir d'une séquence d'images. Dans un premier temps, nous avonsproposé une technique permettant la détection et la séparation des objets. Le processusde suivi est ensuite mis en oeuvre par le calcul et la rectification du flotoptique grâce respectivement à un modèle gaussien et un modèle de filtre de Kalman.La dernière étape est destinée à l'analyse des trajectoires 2D reconstruites parl'étape précédente pour l'interprétation de scénarios. Cette analyse commence parune modélisation markovienne des trajectoires 2D. Un système de décision à basede théorie de l'évidence est ensuite proposé pour l'évaluation de scénarios, aprèsavoir modélisé les sources de danger.L'approche proposée a été testée et évaluée avec des données issues de campagnesexpérimentales effectuées sur site réel d'un passage à niveau mis à disposition parRFF.
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Lemos, Filipe Oliveira e. Sousa Ferreira de. « Persistent tracking of ocean sharks withcooperative air vehicles ». Master's thesis, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents an architectural design for an acoustic tracking system to allow continuous fish tracking in the open ocean. The tracking system consists of a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The application is about sharks. Each shark is tagged with an acoustic signal transmitter, placed on their dorsal fin, allowing receivers mounted on the UAS to measure the signal intensity and pin point the location. Therefore, each UAV should have a unique and predefined search area to cover a larger surface. Since they are aerial vehicles they have to land on the water, allowing their acoustic receivers to listen for the acoustic signal, transmitted by the tag placed on the targeted shark. Until they find the shark, they should constantly land in different positions of their search area. Once one of the UAV's receives the signal, it should inform the other vehicles about the shark's estimate location, allowing them to reduce their search area and successfully track it easier. After finding the shark, regular future position estimation should be used for two reasons: (1) the signal has dead zones so even if the vehicle is in range, there will be no signal to listen to and, (2) the shark can dive deeper than the maximum range of the receiver, losing the signal for good. With future estimation, this problems can be minimized since it will be possible to estimate where the shark would be going in the following minutes, making it possible to define new search areas for the tracking team.Real data comprised by recorded shark routes and depth variation will be used to validate the final design.
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Lemos, Filipe Oliveira e. Sousa Ferreira de. « Persistent tracking of ocean sharks withcooperative air vehicles ». Dissertação, 2017. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106551.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis presents an architectural design for an acoustic tracking system to allow continuous fish tracking in the open ocean. The tracking system consists of a team of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The application is about sharks. Each shark is tagged with an acoustic signal transmitter, placed on their dorsal fin, allowing receivers mounted on the UAS to measure the signal intensity and pin point the location. Therefore, each UAV should have a unique and predefined search area to cover a larger surface. Since they are aerial vehicles they have to land on the water, allowing their acoustic receivers to listen for the acoustic signal, transmitted by the tag placed on the targeted shark. Until they find the shark, they should constantly land in different positions of their search area. Once one of the UAV's receives the signal, it should inform the other vehicles about the shark's estimate location, allowing them to reduce their search area and successfully track it easier. After finding the shark, regular future position estimation should be used for two reasons: (1) the signal has dead zones so even if the vehicle is in range, there will be no signal to listen to and, (2) the shark can dive deeper than the maximum range of the receiver, losing the signal for good. With future estimation, this problems can be minimized since it will be possible to estimate where the shark would be going in the following minutes, making it possible to define new search areas for the tracking team.Real data comprised by recorded shark routes and depth variation will be used to validate the final design.
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Thomson, RB. « Statistical inference for movement behaviour using animal tracking data ». Thesis, 2008. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/22217/1/whole_ThomsonRobinBarbara2008_thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Satellite tracking provides an opportunity to learn about how animals choose to
move and about the covariates of movement. Quantitative methodology for this
problem has lagged behind the remote sensing technology that provides both animal
tracks and covariate information. A statistical framework capable of providing
appropriate hypothesis testing has to couple very different types of data: highly autocorrelated
time series of observed locations (the track), with 2-dimensional maps of
" covariate data. In addition, animals respond to internal motivations, representable
only as theorised motivations. Behaviour is likely to be highly complex and to be
only approximately understood so that process error cannot be ignored. Observation
error should be accounted for separately from process error because longitude
is typically more difficult to estimate than latitude, and because estimates of observation
error are sometimes available. State space models account separately for
observation and process errors, and model the serial correlation inherent in tracks.
State space models offer great flexibility, nevertheless, the means of incorporating
diverse movement behaviours and covariate information is not immediately clear. ,
Traditionally, these models require that time series be equally spaced in time (seldom
the case with observed tracks) and they have presented substantial difficulties
in inference.
This thesis presents a flexible Bayesian state space modelling framework suitable
for application to tracks. Movement behaviour is incorporated through advection
fields that represent movement hypotheses. These are calculated using theories regarding
movement behaviour, possibly coupled with covariate information. The deviance
information criterion DIC measures the weight given by observed track data
to alternative proposed hypotheses regarding movement behaviour. In simulation,
DIC successfully discriminated the advection fields, and therefore the movement
hypotheses, used to simulate track data. DIC is less sensitive than the Bayes factor
is, to the priors, an advantage in a fielq in which little prior information is available.
Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling successfully facilitated nonlinear, non-Gaussian
model forms while avoiding the inference problems encountered by practitioners of
sequential importance sampling. Latent locations are estimated, allowing realistic,
nonlinear path estimation. Inertia, a tendency for directional persistence, is incorporated.
The Bayesian approach allows the incorporation of prior information and
eases inference. Temporal shifts in behaviour are also modelled. The method is
demonstrated in practice, using satellite tracks from white sharks in Australia. The
problem of modelled animals becoming trapped in semi-enclosed areas and stepping
across narrow barriers is discussed and a proposed solution, using Laplace's equation
to provide advective flow around obstacles, is demonstrated.
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« Radar Target Tracking with Varying Levels of Communications Interference for Shared Spectrum Access ». Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29990.
Texte intégralRésumé :
abstract: As the demand for spectrum sharing between radar and communications systems is steadily increasing, the coexistence between the two systems is a growing and very challenging problem. Radar tracking in the presence of strong communications interference can result in low probability of detection even when sequential Monte Carlo
tracking methods such as the particle filter (PF) are used that better match the target kinematic model. In particular, the tracking performance can fluctuate as the power level of the communications interference can vary dynamically and unpredictably.
This work proposes to integrate the interacting multiple model (IMM) selection approach with the PF tracker to allow for dynamic variations in the power spectral density of the communications interference. The model switching allows for a necessary transition between different communications interference power spectral density (CI-PSD) values in order to reduce prediction errors. Simulations demonstrate the high performance of the integrated approach with as many as six dynamic CI-PSD value changes during the target track. For low signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios, the derivation for estimating the high power levels of the communications interference is provided; the estimated power levels would be dynamically used in the IMM when integrated with a track-before-detect filter that is better matched to low SINR tracking applications.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2015
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Wu, Min-Ching, et 吳敏菁. « Study on the Performance of Tracking Errors –Evidence from the China A-Share ETF ». Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55273498733511414028.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
101
This study investigate the tracking error of the two A shares which are listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange since the underlying ETF, namely ,based on RQFII traded funds issued upon the physical presence and the original synthetic ETF. In empirical study, in addition to using tracking error test verify the ETF and the underlying index to track the target effect; and further to apply panel regression model to evaluate the factors of affecting tracking error. The empirical results show that, following the A-share market, HKEx ETF, tracking replication capabilities are very good, especially in the short-term follow effect; while further analysis of the tracking error of the trading frequency and find that volume is the most significant factor in affecting the tracking error .
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Guo, Jia. « What Do We Know About Joint Attention in Shared Book Reading ? An Eye-tracking Intervention Study ». Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/5638.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Joint attention is critical for social learning activities such as parent-child shared book reading. However, there is a potential disassociation of attention when the adult reads texts while the child looks at pictures. I hypothesize that the lack of joint attention limits children's opportunity to learn print-related skills. The current study tests the hypothesis with interventions that enhance real-time joint attention. Eye movements of parents and children were simultaneously tracked when they read books together on computer screens. I also provided real-time feedback to the parent regarding where the child was looking, and vice versa. Changes of dyads' reading behaviors before and after the joint attention intervention were measured from both eye movements and video records. Baseline data showed little joint attention in parent-child shared book reading. The real-time attention feedback significantly increased the joint attention and children's print-related learning. These findings supported my hypothesis that engaging in effective joint attention is critical for children to acquire knowledge and skills during shared reading and other collaborative learning activities.
Dissertation
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Lee, Chia-Ju, et 李佳如. « Study on the Performance of Tracking Errors–Evidence from the China A-Share ETF on TWSE ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72533563778917293379.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
104
The proportion of ETF investment in the domestic investment has been increasing year by year and A-Shares ETF has become one of the best ways for people to invest in China.ETF is generally evaluated based on the extent of tracking error. In this context, this study takes the daily data (from 2013 to 2015) of A-Shares ETF issued for a full year in Taiwan Stock Exchange Market as study object and explores its extent of tracking error and related influencing factors via the Vertical and Horizontal Regression Model. The study aims to help the investors to have an understanding of the tracking error of A-Shares ETF which can be used as future references for the selection of ETFinvestment. The empirical study findings can be concluded as follows: 1) the tracking error of the index return of the study object and the replication object is very small and close to 0 under the Significance Level of 1% which shows an excellent tracking performance; 2) there is a significant negative correlation between the market value size and tracking error, and a significant positive correlation between the market volatility and tracking error, while the impact of trading volume on the tracking error is not significant; 3) the Crash of A-Shares in 2014 indeed has a significant impact on the tracking error.
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KUO, WEI-YI, et 郭威逸. « A Novel Global Maximum Power Point Algorithm Tracking for Photovoltaic System under Partial Shaded Conditions ». Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j684sm.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立雲林科技大學
電機工程系
106
The P-V curve of the photovoltaic array has several local peaks when the module receives different solar irradiation, thus maximum power point tracking (MPPT) becomes difficult and complex. Several traditional methods often used in PV systems, such as perturb and observe (P&O) and hill climbing (HC), have advantages of effectivity and easy implementation. However, they cannot ensure the PV system work at the global maximum power points (GMPP’s) under partial shaded conditions (PSC). Some global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) algorithms have been proposed, including particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated annealing (SA), etc. They can differentiate the global maximum power point (GMPP) from the local maximum power points (LMPP’s) and, thereby operating at GMPP’s for the PV system even under PSC. However, it takes time to complete the tracking and the oscillations causes great power loss. A novel GMPPT algorithm for PV systems under PSC is proposed to determine the location of GMPP by calculating the predictive power values of all LMPP’s. Then, an improved P&O is used in the neighborhood area of the GMPP to approach the real GMPP of the PV modules. Finally, simulation and experimental results are provided to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
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Wang, Wen-Feng, et 王文鋒. « The Funds’ Characters of the 401(K) Plan Menu—Using the Fund’s Active Share and Tracking Error to View ». Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/erjhwm.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
管理研究所
104
In the past, the research found that the investment targets in the defined contribution plan had the characteristic of low tracking error. In recent years, the investment market start following the factor investing strategy. And some investors start using the factor investing strategy in the practical. Funds can be used tracking error and active share to sort to four categories of funds. In these four categories, the factor bets and concentrated stock picks kinds of funds have the characteristic of factor investing. As a result, this research use these two kinds of funds to be the research object. And the purpose is to analyze weather the factor bets and concentrated stock picks kinds of funds have the high probability to be put in the 401(K) menu. This research collect the investment targets in the 401(K) menu and the CRSP fund data from 2013 to 2015. The result show that the factor bets and concentrated stock picks kinds of funds have the high probability to be put in the 401(K) menu.
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Lin, JhihHuang, et 林志皇. « Real-Time Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for Stand-Alone PV Systems under Partially Shaded Conditions ». Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84314355273431357730.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立聯合大學
電機工程學系碩士班
100
This thesis studies the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods under partially shaded conditions for a stand-alone PV array system. The I-V and P-V curves of a PV array are first addressed. Then the rules for judging partially shaded conditions are presented and integrated into three MPPT methods. These methods are tested in off-line and real-time simulation environments as well as in an experimental platform, and their advantages and disadvantages are further analyzed. Matlab/Simulink/SimPowerSystems and RT-LAB real-time simulator are respectively used to build the off-line and real-time simulation models and the MPPT controller for partially shaded conditions. The experimental platform, SPT-2C produced by Jubilee Technology Co., Ltd., is used to conduct experimental tests on MPPT methods presented in this thesis. Based on the simulation results and experimental tests, MPPT methods integrated with judging rules for partially shaded conditions can track the maximum power point better than those with no judging rules, elevating the usage efficiency of PV arrays.
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HSUEH, YI CHUN, et 薛亦均. « The impact of industry concentration index, tracking error and active share on the performance of equity mutual funds in Taiwan ». Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3g6nfh.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺北商業大學
財務金融研究所
105
The sample of this paper includes the equity mutual funds in Taiwan from 2011 to 2015. It is very interesting to observe how the active share, tracking error, industry concentration index and other characteristics, such as fund age, turnover rate and size, affect the performance of funds in Taiwan. We implement the three methods of benchmark-adjusted returns, Jensen’s alpha or Carhart’s four factors adjusted alpha as measurement of fund performance. Empirical results indicate that active share is positively correlated with the benchmark-adjusted return. Industry concentration index and tracking error are both negatively correlated with the benchmark-adjusted return and these are all economically significant. We demonstrate that funds with lower tracking error and higher active share significantly outperform the benchmark. From an investor’s point of view, funds in Taiwan with higher active share and lower tracking error can outperform their benchmark 2.13% per year, net of fees and expenses.
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彭靖. « The studies on tracking error, deviation and volume-W.I.S.E.PolarisCSI300 ETF, Hang Seng H-Share Index ETF and Hang Seng Index ETF ». Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32625622421261371860.
Texte intégral
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Li, Yu-wei, et 李昱葳. « Photovoltaic Power Supply System with Three-stage Energy Management and Maximum Power Point Tracking under Partially Shaded Conditions ». Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/41135901828485335429.
Texte intégralRésumé :
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
100
In recent years, because environmental pollution and fossil energy will be run out soon, renewable energies are becoming the focus of the development worldwide. Among them, solar energy is the most attractive. The advantages of the solar energy are quiet, clean and inexhaustible. This thesis aims to study and implement a photovoltaic power supply system with three-stage energy management and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability under partially shaded conditions. The three-stage energy management can increase the utilization of solar panels, and raise system stability. A modified P&O MPPT method is also realized to overcome the problems due to solar shading effect. The operating principles and design considerations of the studied photovoltaic system are analyzed and discussed in details. A 2-kW laboratory prototype was implemented and tested. The experimental results are shown to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
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Harrington, Edward. « Aspects of Online Learning ». Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/47147.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Online learning algorithms have several key advantages compared to their batch learning algorithm counterparts. This thesis investigates several online learning algorithms and their application. The thesis has an underlying theme of the idea of combining several simple algorithms to give better performance. In this thesis we investigate: combining weights, combining hypothesis, and (sort of) hierarchical combining.¶ ...