Thèses sur le sujet « Tracers dispersion »
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Fabbroni, Nicoletta <1979>. « Numerical simulations of passive tracers dispersion in the sea ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1733/1/Fabbroni_Nicoletta_Tesi.pdf.
Texte intégralFabbroni, Nicoletta <1979>. « Numerical simulations of passive tracers dispersion in the sea ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1733/.
Texte intégralFerrari, Raffaele. « Dispersion of passive and active tracers in the upper ocean / ». Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3035412.
Texte intégralOms, Pierre-Emmanuel. « Transferts multi-échelles des apports continentaux dans le golfe de Gascogne ». Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0038/document.
Texte intégralDuring chronic or accidental releases of tritium from nuclear facilities to seawater or through river discharges, the dispersion of radionuclides in the marine environment is subject to multiple dispersion processes. These processes depend on the area under consideration and forcings such as tide, wind, heat and freshwater flows.Predicting the dispersion of tritium in the Bay of Biscay requires taking into account all these processes and the various inputs: the North Atlantic surface waters, discharges from nuclear facilities, freshwater inputs and exchanges with the atmosphere. The main objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge on the hydrodynamics of the Bay of Biscay by coupling in-situ measurements of a water masses tracer: the tritium, with a hydrodynamic dispersion model (MARS 3 D).To achieve this goal, samplings were carried out in the Bay of Biscay and the two main continental contributors of tritium: the Loire and Gironde rivers.The combined use of salinity and tritium as tracers of continental waters makes it possible to differentiate into an innovative way the inputs from these two rivers at the scale of the continental shelf. The measured and simulated stocks of tritium within the shelf provided a first estimate of the residence time of continental water in the Bay of Biscay
Charlaix, Elisabeth. « Dispersion en milieu poreux : mise en evidence de longueurs caracteristiques ». Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066302.
Texte intégralPelosi, Anna. « Numerical modeling of traces in gravel-bed rivers ». Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1922.
Texte intégralThe erosion, transport and deposition of pebbles in rivers have often been studied by considering the motion of tracer particles. There are reports of bedload tracing programs in field and laboratory since the late 1930s. The theoretical basis for the study of the dispersal of sediment tracer particles was delineated for the first time in 1950 by Einstein, who formulated the problem in terms of a standard 1D random walk in which each particle moves in a series of steps punctuated by waiting times. Subsequent to Einstein’s original work on tracers, the study of random walks has been extended to the case of continuous time random walks (CTRW). CTRW, accompanied by appropriate probability distribution functions (PDFs) for walker step length and waiting time, yields asymptotically the standard advectiondiffusion equation (ADE) for thin-tailed PDFs, and the fractional advection-diffusion equation (fADE) for heavy-tailed PDFs, the latter allowing the possibilities of subdiffusion or superdiffusion of particles, which is often referred as non-local behavior or anomalous diffusion. In latest years, considerable emphasis has been placed on non-locality associated with heavy-tailed PDFs for particle step length. This appears to be in part motivated by the desire to construct fractional advective-diffusive equations for pebble tracer dispersion corresponding to the now-classical fADE model. Regardless of the thin tail of the PDF, the degree of non-locality nevertheless increases with increasing mean step length. In the thesis, we firstly consider the general case of 1D morphodynamics of an erodible bed subject to bedload transport analysing the effects of non-locality mediated by both heavyand thin-tailed PDFs for particle step length on transient aggradational- degradational bed profiles. Then, we focus on tracers. (i) We show that the CTRW Master Equation is inappropriate for river pebbles moving as bed material load and (ii) by using the Parker-Paola-Leclair (PPL) framework for the Exner equation of sediment conservation, which captures the vertical structure of bed elevation variation as particles erode and deposit, we develop a new ME for tracer transport and dispersion for alluvial morphodynamics. The new ME is derived from the Exner equation of sediment continuity and it yields asymptotic forms for ADE and fADE that differ significantly from CTRW. It allows a) vertical dispersion, as well as streamwise advection-diffusion, and b) mean waiting time to vary in the vertical. We also show that vertical dispersion is nonlocal (subdiffuive), but cannot be expressed with fractional derivatives. Vertical dispersion is the likely reason for the slowdown of streamwise advection of tracer pebbles observed in the field, which is the key result of our modeling when co-evolution of vertical and streamwise dispersion are considered. [edited by author]
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WILSON, JR GERALDO. « Etude du transport et de la dispersion des sediments en tant que processus aleatoires ». Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066670.
Texte intégralLesouëf, Dorothée. « Étude numérique des circulations locales à la Réunion : application à la dispersion de polluants ». Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633096.
Texte intégralMachado, da Silva Luis Carlos. « Transport d'un traceur passif dans l'atmosphère : expériences et simulations numériques (relief complexe : le site de Grenoble) ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10008.
Texte intégralRoht, Yanina Lucrecia. « Transport et dispersion d’un traceur dans un écoulement de suspensions oscillant ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS065/document.
Texte intégralWe study the transport and the hydrodynamical dispersion of a passive tracer and/or a suspension of non-Brownian particles in two model fractures with smooth walls or a random distribution of obstacles in the aperture. We use an oscillating flow of a Newtonian fluid in order to study the effects of the reversibility of the displacement on dispersion. We characterize quantitatively the effects of the characteristic parameters of the flow: period T and amplitude A of the oscillations, and characteristic time τ_m of molecular diffusion across the thickness of the cell.In the case of smooth walls, we show that the dispersion regimes are determined by the value of the ratio τ_m/T. For τ_m/T≤2, the Taylor dispersion mechanism is dominant and irreversible at the global scale. For τ_m/T≥20, one has a partly reversible regime in which mixing remains diffusive at the global scale but, locally, the distribution of the particles in the thickness of the cell follows the oscillations v_x (z,t) of the local velocity. In this case, there exists a purely convective and reversible dispersion component.In the case of a cell with rough walls, flow disorder due to the obstacles results in a geometrical dispersion component when τ_m/T≤0,6, for which the dispersivity normalized by the amplitude l_d/A does not depend on the period T. The Taylor dispersion regime is observed in a range 0,8≤τ_m/T≤1 depending on the amplitude of the oscillation. When τ_m/T≥20, one obtains the partly reversible dispersion regime already observed previously for the smooth cell. Comparing these results to those obtained by complementary techniques (echo and transmission) allows us to separate the irreversible component of dispersion from the reversible one associated to macroscopic preferential flow channels due to the fracture geometry.The influence on dispersion of a suspension of 40 µm diameter non Brownian particles in the oscillating flow has then be studied in the cell with smooth walls. The global tracer dispersion measurements have shown the same dispersion regimes than without particles with domains of existence determined, like in this latter case, by the value of the ratio τ_m/T.In order to understand better the origin of these results at the microscopic scale, we tracked the individual trajectories of the particles in an oscillating flow. Their motion and the distribution of their velocities have been measured in several layers at different distances from the walls in the cell thickness. The particles are observed to follow the flow liens; the profile of their velocities in the thickness displays the parabolic shape of a Posieuille profile. Moreover, we compared the distribution of the particles after a certain number of oscillations to those at the initial time and observed, for long periods T, a migration of the particles towards the vicinity of the cell walls. Moreover, the motion of some particles display a kinematic reversibility and follow the same trajectory for both directions of the flow, even when there are interactions with the others.Finally, when the concentration of the particles is increased, one observes a structuration of the suspension into bands perpendicular to the flow. The wavelength λ of this instability has been studied as a function of geometrical (thickness H and width of the cell, particle diameter) and physical parameters (viscosity and density of the fluid, particle density) and of the characteristics of the flow (sine or square wave variation of the flow, amplitude A et period T). The normalized wavelength λ/H increases linearly with the normalized amplitude A/H but is constant with T and H and with the particle diameter. At the local level, the instability corresponds to periodic variations of the particle concentration along the length of the cell which extend across its whole thickness H
Se estudió el transporte y dispersión hidrodinámica de un trazador pasivo y/o de una suspensión de partículas en una fractura de paredes lisas y en otra, con una distribución aleatoria de obstáculos en su espesor. Se utiliza un flujo oscilante de un fluido newtoniano, permitiéndonos observar los efectos de la reversibilidad del desplazamiento sobre el fenómeno. En todos los casos se buscó cuantificar la influencia de los parámetros característicos del flujo: el período T y la amplitud A de las oscilaciones, el tiempo característico de difusión molecular sobre el espesor τ_m, la concentración y el tamaño de las partículas. En el caso de paredes lisas, se puso en evidencia que los regímenes de dispersión están gobernados por la relación τ_m /T. Se encontró que, a bajos τ_m /T ≤ 2, el régimen de dispersión de Taylor es dominante y, a escala global, es irreversible. Para τ_m /T ≥ 20 encontramos un régimen parcialmente reversible donde la mezcla continúa siendo difusiva a escala global; sin embargo, localmente, las simulaciones numéricas de tipo Monte Carlo mostraron que la distribución de partículas de trazador en el espesor sigue las oscilaciones de la velocidad local v_x (z, t). En este caso, el coeficiente de dispersión tiene una componente puramente convectiva, que es reversible. En el caso de una celda rugosa, el desorden introducido por los obstáculos hizo aparecer la dispersión geométrica a τ_m /T ≤ 0,6, donde la dispersividad ldg varía con la amplitud y no depende del período de la oscilación del flujo. El régimen de dispersión de Taylor se detectó en un intervalo de la relación entre los tiempos característicos más estrecho que en el caso de celda lisa, 〖0,8≤τ〗_m/T≤1, este rango depende de la amplitud de la oscilación. También se encontró el régimen de dispersión parcialmente reversible, para τ_m /T ≥ 20, correspondiendo con lo visto previamente en la celda de paredes lisas. Con técnicas complementarias (eco y transmisión), se aisló la componente de la dispersión irreversible de la reversible indicando la existencia de canales de flujo macroscópicos generados por la geometría de la fractura. Luego, se estudió el efecto sobre la dispersión por la presencia de una suspensión de partículas de poliestireno de 40 μm de diámetro, en la celda de Hele-Shaw lisa, con un flujo oscilante. En la medida global de la dispersión, se encontraron básicamente los mismos regímenes que en la celda lisa. Luego, en una escala microscópica, para terminar de comprender lo que sucede en el fenómeno de dispersión, se realizó el seguimiento de las trayectorias individuales de las partículas dentro de la celda sometidas a un flujo oscilante. Se analizó el movimiento en diferentes capas del espesor y se obtuvieron las distribuciones de velocidades. Se pudo observar que, las partículas se mueven siguiendo las diferentes líneas de corriente y su perfil de velocidades mantiene la forma parabólica característica de Poiseuille. Por otro lado, se aislaron las trayectorias que presentan reversibilidad cinemática, comprobando que hay partículas que van y vienen por el mismo camino, aún en presencia de interacciones débiles entre ellas. Por último, se aumentó la concentración de partículas presentes en la suspensión y se observó que, con un flujo oscilante, la suspensión dentro de la celda se estructura formando bandas periódicas transversales al flujo. Se caracterizó la dependencia de la longitud de onda λ de esta inestabilidad en función de parámetros geométricos (apertura y ancho de la celda, diámetro de partículas); físicos (viscosidad del fluido, densidad de las partículas) y geometría de flujo (sinusoidal, onda cuadrada, T y A). Se encontró que: para cada espesor de la celda, diferente diámetro y densidad de las partículas, viscosidades del fluido, λ resulta constante con T y aumenta linealmente con A. Localmente, se observó que la inestabilidad corresponde a variaciones de la concentración de las partículas en el espesor de la celda
Nowamooz, Ali. « Etude expérimentale et modélisation des écoulements diphasiques et de la dispersion dans des fractures rugueuses réelles ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL007N/document.
Texte intégralThe two-phase flows through fractures occur in many industrial and environmental processes.Modelling these flows needs understanding the role of geometric characteristics of the fractures surfaces. The objective of this thesis is to study experimentally the two-phase flow and the dispersion of tracers in fractures which the aperture map is known and propose a suitable model.The inertial two-phase flow model is based on the generalization of the single-phase full cubiclaw that accounts for non-Darcian effects by using the F function approach. On this approach,the presence of a second fluid is taken into account through a multiplier function introduced into the superficial velocity of each fluid. This model let us predict the relative permeability and the saturation as a function of the two fluid flows with two adjustment parameters.The concentration profiles obtained during dispersion experiments were interpreted with different models to study their ability to describe the dispersion in fractures and hence the heterogeneity of them. The results show that the classical convection-dispersion is not appropriate due to the heterogeneity of the fractures. On the other hand, the stratified model,with only one estimated parameter, gives satisfactory results and allows quantifying heterogeneity. Finally, with five estimated parameters, from the concentration curve at the outlet of the fractures, the CTRW model can describe the concentration profiles of all abscissas with good accuracy
Price, C. S. « Tracer studies of pollutant dispersion in the urban atmosphere ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525828.
Texte intégralJULLIEN, MARIE-CAROLINE. « Dispersion de traceurs passifs dans des experiences de turbulence bidimensionnelle ». Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066236.
Texte intégralLatini, Marco. « Mixing in Curved Pipes ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2001. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/hmc_theses/129.
Texte intégralHeimburger, Robert. « Détermination d'éléments tracés dans les poudres par fluorescence X à dispersion d'énergie ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605865c.
Texte intégralHeimburger, Robert. « Determination d'elements traces dans les poudres par fluorescence x a dispersion d'energie ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13052.
Texte intégralSommeria, Laure. « Comportement des traceurs fluorescents et phénomènes de dispersion : application à l'étude d'aquifères fissurés ». Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785509.
Texte intégralD'ONOFRIO, ALEJANDRO. « Dispersion de traceurs dans des ecoulements de solutions de polymeres en milieux poreux ». Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066356.
Texte intégralSommeria, Laure. « Comportement des traceurs fluorescents et phénomènes de dispersion application à l'étude d'aquifères fissurés / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376012930.
Texte intégralDe, la Fuente Lorenzo Salvador Fernandez. « Simulation of atmospheric tracer dispersion over urban geometries using a lattice Boltzmann model ». Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.273052.
Texte intégralIppolito, Irene. « Etude des phenomenes de transport et de dispersion de traceurs dans des milieux fractures ». Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066118.
Texte intégralMathews, Tobias John. « Void structure, colloid and tracer transport properties of stratified porous media ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2794.
Texte intégralPatel, Jignesh Arvind. « Experimental investigation of ventilation effectiveness and dispersion of tracer gas in aircraft cabin mockups ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35528.
Texte intégralDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
Mohammad H. Hosni
Byron W. Jones
The 2015 Airline Traffic Data released by the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS 2016), shows that the commercial flights serving the United States carried an all-time high of 895.5 million passengers in 2015, which represents an approximate 5 % increase in number of passengers from 2014. There is a potential for disease and/or contaminants spreading throughout the airliner cabin raising health risks for passengers and crewmembers onboard flight. In order to limit health risks caused by spread of disease and/or contaminants, it is necessary to understand the various factors affecting the airliner cabin environment. Ventilation effectiveness is one such factor investigated in this study. In addition, experiments were conducted using tracer gas to study the dispersion of tracer gas inside an airliner cabin. Experimental investigations were carried out inside a wide body, eleven-row Boeing 767 mockup cabin and a narrow body, five-row Boeing 737 mockup cabin. The Boeing 767 mockup cabin was constructed with actual aircraft components for air distribution to represent a real aircraft cabin, while the Boeing 737 mockup cabin is a fuselage section from an actual Boeing 737 aircraft. Thermal manikins occupied each seat of both the cabins to simulate thermal load from an average seated person. Four sets of experiments were conducted to evaluate the ventilation effectiveness and dispersion of tracer gas inside the aircraft cabin mockups. The first set of experiments investigated the ventilation effectiveness in a Boeing 767 mockup cabin. The second set of experiments determined the ventilation effectiveness at various heights and locations in a Boeing 737 mockup cabin. The third set of experiments focused on the study of dispersion of tracer gas inside a Boeing 737 mockup cabin with ventilation air. The last set of experiments aimed to study the dispersion of tracer gas inside a Boeing 737 mockup cabin with no ventilation air. The ventilation effectiveness studies were performed by using Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) as a tracer gas and applying the tracer gas decay method. The conclusion for the first set of experiments was that air is efficiently and uniformly supplied to all seat locations inside the Boeing 767 mockup cabin with no clear patterns with respect to seat locations, i.e. window versus center versus aisle observed. From the second set of experiments, it was concluded that the ventilation effectiveness is uniform throughout the Boeing 737 mockup cabin irrespective of seat locations and elevations from cabin floor. In order to determine the spread of disease and/or contaminants, a mixture of CO₂ and Helium (He) was used as a tracer gas. Tracer gas was released from particular locations inside the cabin to simulate gaseous contaminants released by a passenger and sampled at various locations throughout the cabin. The third set of experiments revealed that transport of tracer gas inside an aircraft cabin depends on the source location as well as on the relative distance of the sampling point from the source. Dispersion of tracer gas in the longitudinal direction was also observed inside the cabin. From the fourth set of experiments, it was concluded that even in the absence of ventilation air, considerable dispersion of tracer gas occurred in both the longitudinal and lateral directions.
Flaherty, Julia Emily. « Investigation of atmospheric dispersion in an urban environment using SF₆ tracer and numerical methods ». Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/j%5Fflaherty%5F070805.pdf.
Texte intégralCutter, Matthew R. « Dispersion in Steady Pipe Flow with Reynolds Number Under 10,000 ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1093008636.
Texte intégralArchibald, Alexander Thomas. « Numerical studies on dispersion and degradation of atmospheric trace gases ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.535480.
Texte intégralMunoz, David. « Etude de l'origine et de la dispersion des pollutions pétrolières à l'aide de traceurs biogéochimiques ». Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30045.
Texte intégralRIGORD, PATRICK. « Diffusion d'ondes de pression et reversibilite de la dispersion de traceurs dans les milieux poreux ». Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066669.
Texte intégralRASTEGAR, FARAMARZ. « Determination des elements traces en milieux biologique et organique par fluorescence x a dispersion d'energie ». Strasbourg 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13108.
Texte intégralKhosrow, Ebrahimi. « Numerical simulation of turbulent airflow, tracer gas diffusion, and particle dispersion in a mockup aircraft cabin ». Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13609.
Texte intégralDepartment of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering
M.H. Hosni
Z.C. Zheng
In order to study the capability of computational methods in investigating the mechanisms associated with disease and contaminants transmission in aircraft cabins, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are used for the simulation of turbulent airflow, tracer gas diffusion, and particle dispersion in a generic aircraft cabin mockup. The CFD models are validated through comparisons of the CFD predictions with the corresponding experimental measurements. It is found that using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with the Werner-Wengle wall function, one can predict unsteady airflow velocity field with relatively high accuracy. However in the middle region of the cabin mockup, where the recirculation of airflow takes place, the accuracy is not as good as that in other locations. By examining different k-ε models, the current study recommends the use of the RNG k-ε model with the non-equilibrium wall function as a Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) model for predicting the steady-state airflow velocity data. It is also found that changing the cabin air-inlet nozzle height has a significant effect on the flow behavior in the middle and upper part of the cabin, while the flow pattern in the lower part is not affected as much. Through the use of LES and species transport model in simulating tracer gas diffusion, very good agreement between predicted and measured tracer gas concentration data is observed for some monitoring locations, but the agreement level is not uniform for all the sampling point locations. The reasons for the deviations between predictions and measurements for those locations are discussed. The Lagrange-Euler approach is invoked in the particle dispersion simulations. In this approach, the equation of motion for the discrete phase is coupled with the continuous phase governing equations through the calculation of drag and buoyancy forces acting on particles. The continuous phase flow is turbulent and RANS is employed in order to calculate the continuous phase velocity field. A complete study on grid dependence for RANS simulation is performed through a controllable regional mesh refinement scheme. The grid dependence study shows that using unstructured grid with tetrahedral and hybrid elements in the refinement region are more efficient than using structured grid with hexahedral elements. The effect of turbulence on the particle dispersion is taken into account by using a stochastic tracking method (Discrete Random Walk model). One of the significant features of this study is the investigation of the effect of the number of tries on the accuracy of particle concentration predictions when Discrete Random Walk is used to model turbulent distribution of particles. Subsequently, the optimum number of tries to obtain the most accurate predictions is determined. In accordance with the corresponding experimental data, the effect of particle size on particle distribution is also studied and discussed through the simulation of two different sizes of mono-disperse particles in the cabin with straight injection tube, i.e., 3µm and 10µm. Due to the low particle loading, neglecting the effect of particles motion on the continuous phase flow-field seems to be a reasonable, simplifying assumption in running the simulations. However, this assumption is verified through the comparison of the results from 1-way and 2-way coupling simulations. Eventually through the simulations for the particle injection using the cone diffuser, the effects of cabin pressure gradient as well as the particle density on particles dispersion behavior are studied and discussed. In the last part of this dissertation, the turbulent airflow in a full-scale Boeing 767 aircraft cabin mockup with eleven rows of seats and manikins is simulated using steady RANS method. The results of this simulation cannot only be used to study the airflow pattern, but also can be used as the initial condition for running the tracer gas diffusion and particle dispersion simulations in this cabin mockup.
Leroy, Christophe. « Etude experimentale de la dispersion d'un traceur dans des milieux stratifies ou fortement inhomogenes ». Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066491.
Texte intégralLeroy, Christophe. « Etude expérimentale de la dispersion d'un traceur dans des milieux stratifiés ou fortement inhomogènes ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607363s.
Texte intégralKesek, Milos. « Traces of Repolarization Inhomogeneity in the ECG ». Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5747.
Texte intégralRuch, Claude. « Analyse d'elements traces par fluorescence x : nouveaux developpements ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13107.
Texte intégralMEHILLI, ILIR. « Modelisation, simulation de la dispersion atmospherique des traceurs et calcul de haute performance. Validation sur des experiences internationales ». Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0308.
Texte intégralHankin, Barry Gwyn. « Modelling the dispersion of a passive tracer in complex open channel flows using random walk, particle tracking techniques ». Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296886.
Texte intégralKelly, Susan. « Geochemical dispersion and concentration of Pb and Zn in soils of the northern Midlands of Ireland ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343030.
Texte intégralMAIER, SERGENTINI MARIA-LAURA. « Elements trace dans les fluides biologiques, les tissus mous et les tissus calcifies par fluorescence x a dispersion d'energie ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13141.
Texte intégralDalla, Costa Celine. « Transferts de traceur en milieu poreux consolidé et milieu poreux fissuré : Expérimentations et Modélisations ». Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10088.
Texte intégralWe try to identify and model physical and chemical mechanisms governing the water flow and the solute transport in fractured consolidated porous medium. An original experimental device was built. The “cube” consists of an idealized fractured medium reproduced by piling up consolidated porous cubes of 5 cm edge. Meanwhile, columns of the homogeneous consolidated porous medium are studied. The same anionic tracing technique is used in both cases. Using a system analysis approach, we inject concentration pulses in the device to obtain breakthrough curves. After identifying the mass balance and the residence time, we fit the CD and the MIM models to the experimental data. The MIM model is able to reproduce experimental curves of the homogeneous consolidated porous medium better than the CD model. The mobile water fraction is in accordance with the porous medium geometry. The study of the flow rate influence highlights an interference dispersion regime. It was not possible to highlight the observation length influence in this case. On the contrary, we highlight the effect of the observation scale on the fractured and porous medium, comparing the results obtained on a small “cube” and a big “cube”. The CD model is not satisfactory in this case. Even if the MIM model can fit the experimental breakthrough curves, it was not possible to obtain unique parameters for the set of experiments
Mawlana, Abdulrahman. « Étude en régime permanent et transitoire du transfert liquide-gaz : cas d'un réacteur fluidisé gaz-liquide-solide ». Toulouse, INPT, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPT026G.
Texte intégralCrawley, Louise Helen. « Application of Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Spectroscopy to the Measurement of Atmospheric Trace Gases ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2160.
Texte intégralDinger, Anna Solvejg [Verfasser], et Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Platt. « Quantitative imaging of turbulent tracer dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer with a tomographic setup of SO2 cameras / Anna Solvejg Dinger ; Betreuer : Ulrich Platt ». Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1204481113/34.
Texte intégralLekmine, Gregory. « Caractérisation de la dynamique de transports dans les milieux fractures par tomographie de resistivité électrique : développements méthodologiques et expérimentaux ». Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112097.
Texte intégralElectrical resistivity tomography is a common geophysical method often used to detect and follow plumepollutants in aquifers. However ERT is an integrative method whose reliability of the models is faced tothe non-unicity of the inverse problem solutions. These constraints limit the interpretation to a qualitativeview of the resistivity contrasts modelled in 2D or 3D, resulting of the chosen inverse parameters and thecombination of several hydrodynamic paramaters related to the poral network.The purpose of this thesis was to test the abilities of the ERT imaging to quantify solute transport parametersin miscible displacement occurred in groundwater and the sensitivity of inverse parameters most affectingthe modelled dispersion front.Laboratory experiments are conducted on glass beads poured into a transparent plexiglas container. Twovertical lines of 21 stainless steel electrodes are fixed on the lateral sides of the container to perform the ERTmonitoring, of the NaCl dissolved in the tracer, from a sequence of 210 quadripole measurements acquiredin transverse dipole-dipole each 5 minutes. A light panel is placed behind the experimental device and avideo follow up of the dyed part of the tracer is acquired from the other side.Video analysis reveal a faster propagation of the dye in contact of the vertical edge, which is negligible forthe lowest flow rates imposed by the pump. In contrast, ERT mesurements are strongly disturbed by theresistant edges of the plexiglas container which affect the resulting models. Normalisation of the apparentresisitivity measurements acquired at the experimental stage and by the Archie’s law strongly tones downthese resistive artefacts.ERT modelling is here particularly sensitive to the grid mesh, the norm (L1 or L2 ) applied on data andparameters, and the damping factor λ. High values of λ and the cutoff factor tend to smooth the resistivityconstrasts in the area of the mixing front and increase the weight of the horizontal edge effects on D andα. While results from inverse modelling constraint by low λ and cutoff factors are much closer to the videoanalysis but with enhanced side slope effects at the rear and the front of the mixing area.The interstitial velocity u is independant of the chosen inverse parameters. For both methods u is alwaysinferior to the flow rate provided by the pump, whose the gap is expressed as a retardation factor Rf . Thisretardation is due to adsorption of Na+ on the beads surfaces, which contributes to delay the dispersionfront followed by ERT. The retardation expressed by the video analysis can be due to the important sizeof the molecule of the dye which is easily slowed down in lower permeability areas, added to an eventualaffinity to the solid surface.The ranges of fluid conductivity contrasts and stability of the interfaces tested here have no influences onthe dispersion which is dominated by the flow velocity u. Estimations of the dispersion coefficient D asfunction of the Péclet is consistent with the theoretical curve of Bachmat (1968) and Bijeljic & al (2004).Field experiments are first conducted in 2D on homogeneous unsaturated sand which is considered as aninfinite half-space. However, data normalisation is much more complicated since the saturation state andthe initial fluid conductivities need to be estimated to calibrate the Archie’s law. Because of the 3D tracerinflitration, the RMS error of 2D-ERT models highlights that the inversion process is not enough constraintby data which does not allow to quantify the transport parameters. 3D experiments were then adaptedto detect and follow plumes of saline tracers injected in the centre of the electrode device. From 3D ERTmeasurements we are able to produce reliable models in order to estimate such transport parameters as themean flow velocity, and transverse and longitudinal dispersivities
Sargentini-Maier, Maria-Laura. « Eléments-trace dans les fluides biologiques, les tissus mous et les tissus calcifiés par fluorescence X à dispersion d'énergie ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618445k.
Texte intégralLouizi, Molka. « Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation ». Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Texte intégralThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Capiral, Mary Joy Josephine M. « Measurements of ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions from potato fields in Central Washington using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), tracer dispersion, and static chamber methods ». Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/m_capiral_042309.pdf.
Texte intégralTitle from PDF title page (viewed on May 21, 2009). "Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91).
Menendez-Alonso, Elena. « Trace metal and speciation analysis using ion-exchange and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ». Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/896.
Texte intégralMoussoh, Amahoué François. « Simulation de l’écoulement par des approches de Mécanique des Fluides Numérique et évaluation de la dispersion de principes actifs utilisés pour traiter les plans d’eau eutrophisés ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0062.
Texte intégralThis work is part of an overall project to develop an innovative process for targeted treatment of invasive aquatic plants in a lentic water body. One of the challenges is to optimize the concentration of active substance required to remove the target plants without creating potential ecological damage. A methodology based on a bottom-up modeling approach was applied using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to define optimal conditions for effective treatment. This modeling approach was used for the flow and the dispersion of active substance simulations from a 1 m3 pilot to lentic water bodies fed by surface water or groundwater. Five turbulence models were preselected in order to assess their influence on the simulation results. The RNG k-ε model was selected after final validation by tracer experiments at pilot scale mimicking the hydrodynamics of a real lentic water bodies. Experimental measurements on pilot and numerical simulations carried out on scale thereof with four configurations of lentic water bodies have allowed to evaluate the impact of several hydrodynamic parameters (water flow, number of inlets and outlets, type of water supply, …) and external forcing (wind, temperature) on maintaining of algaecide concentration during the treatment. The wind mainly acts as a natural diffuser causing 95% of diluting the algaecide concentration. Taking account of the rate of chemical reaction of the active substance in water also indicates a decrease of the local concentration of active substance. The optimal treatment is not only based to the control of injected concentration but it is also related to a good understanding of the local water flow
Van, Loggerenberg Daniël Elhardus. « Important trace element concentrations in ovine liver as determined by energy dispersive handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65518.
Texte intégralDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Paraclinical Sciences
MSc
Unrestricted
Roulier, Stéphanie. « Caractérisation hydro-dispersive in situ de sols non saturés par infiltration d'eau et de soluté : cas de sols structurés et de sols hétérogènes ». Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802313.
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