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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Topical collapse »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 16 novembre 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Lotfy Elsaie, Mohamed. « Cardiovascular Collapse Developing after Topical Anesthesia ». Dermatology 214, n^o 2 (2007) : 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000098877.

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Semenova, I. E., I. M. Avetisyan, O. G. Zhuravleva et O. V. Belogorodtsev. « Undermined Rock Collapse in Apatite Mines in Khibiny : Topical Problems ». Физико-технические проблемы разработки полезных ископаемых, n^o 6 (2022) : 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/ftprpi20220614.

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Mariappan, Ramamani, Pirjo Manninen, Eric M. Massicotte et Anuj Bhatia. « Circulatory collapse after topical application of vancomycin powder during spine surgery ». Journal of Neurosurgery : Spine 19, n^o 3 (septembre 2013) : 381–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.6.spine1311.

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A hypersensitivity reaction, either anaphylactic or anaphylactoid, is a well-known adverse effect following intravenous and oral administration of vancomycin. The authors report a case of circulatory collapse and its management after the topical application of vancomycin powder during spinal instrumentation surgery. A 52-year-old woman with breast cancer and metastasis to her spine underwent a vertebrectomy of the T-10 vertebra with instrumented reconstruction from T-8 to T-12. The patient was hemodynamically stable during most of the procedure despite a 2-L blood loss requiring administration of crystalloids, colloids, packed red blood cells, and fresh-frozen plasma. During closure of the subcutaneous layer, there was a sudden drop in blood pressure from 120/60 to 30/15 mm Hg and an increase in heart rate from 95 to 105 bpm. No skin erythema or rash was visible, and there was no bronchospasm or increase in airway pressure. The patient was treated with fluids, boluses of ephedrine, phenylephrine, and adrenaline. The operation was completed and the patient woke up neurologically intact but did require blood pressure support with a norepinephrine infusion for the next 4 hours. She was discharged from hospital in a good clinical state on the 4th postoperative day. It was speculated that the rapid absorption of vancomycin powder applied on the surgical wound caused an anaphylactoid reaction and the circulatory collapse. With an increase in the use of topical vancomycin in surgical wounds, communication and awareness among all intraoperative team members is important for rapid diagnosis of an adverse reaction and for appropriate management.

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Thompson, J. Michael T. « Introduction. Progress in astronomy : from gravitational waves to space weather ». Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A : Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, n^o 1884 (23 septembre 2008) : 4359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0202.

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This brief paper introduces and reviews the ‘visions of the future’ articles prepared by leading young scientists throughout the world for the first of two Christmas 2008 Triennial issues of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A , devoted, respectively, to astronomy and Earth science. Contributions in astronomy include the very topical gamma-ray bursts, new ideas on stellar collapse and the unusual atmospheres of synchronized planets orbiting nearby stars.

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Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki, Mamoru Yokoo, Hisato Senda et Kazuaki Kakehi. « Therapeutic Efficacy of Topically Applied KP-103 against Experimental Tinea Unguium in Guinea Pigs in Comparison with Amorolfine and Terbinafine ». Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, n^o 12 (décembre 2002) : 3797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.12.3797-3801.2002.

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ABSTRACT The therapeutic efficacy of KP-103, a novel topical triazole, in a guinea pig tinea unguium model was investigated. Experimental tinea unguium and tinea pedis were produced by inoculation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes SM-110 between the toes of the hind paw of guinea pigs. One percent solution (0.1 ml) of KP-103, amorolfine, or terbinafine was topically applied to the nails and whole sole of an infected foot once daily for 30 consecutive days, and terbinafine was also orally administered at a daily dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight for 30 consecutive days, starting on day 60 postinfection. The fungal burdens of nails and plantar skin were assessed using a new method, which makes it possible to recover infecting fungi by removing a carryover of the drug remaining in the treated tissues into the culture medium. Topically applied KP-103 inhibited the development of nail collapse, significantly reduced the fungal burden of the nails, and sterilized the infected plantar skin. On the other hand, topical amorolfine and topical or oral terbinafine were ineffective for tinea unguium, although these drugs eradicated or reduced the fungal burden of plantar skin. The in vitro activities of amorolfine and terbinafine against T. mentagrophytes SM-110 were 8- and 32-fold, respectively, decreased by the addition of 5% keratin to Sabouraud dextrose broth medium. In contrast, the activity of KP-103 was not affected by keratin because its keratin affinity is lower than those of the reference drugs, suggesting that KP-103 largely exists in the nails as an active form that was not bound to keratin and diffuses in the nail without being trapped by keratin. The effectiveness of KP-103 against tinea unguium is probably due to its favorable pharmacokinetic properties in the nails together with its potent antifungal activity.

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Tkach, Oleg, Оleh Batrymenko, Dmytro Nelipa et Mykola Khylko. « Democracy Backsliding as a Danger of Sustainable Development in the Post-Pandemic Period : Social and Legal aspects of Decision ». SHS Web of Conferences 126 (2021) : 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112606007.

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The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.

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Akhmetova, D. Z. « “The Ecological Person” in the Digital Era ». Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, n^o 5 (4 juin 2020) : 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-5-117-126.

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The author of the article raises a topical question: “How will digitalization turn the humanity – towards civilization or collapse?” With a reliance on the “The Human quality” by Aurelio Peccei, a new project was justified aimed at preserving a person and educating a healthy personality. The project implementation requires at least 16–18 years. The successive system for the development of an “ecological person” focuses on the prevention of hereditary impairement and consists of six stages and is reinforced by already existing experience of several centers and institutions where innovative approaches to the development of a healthy personality are tested, starting from the embryonic period until adulthood.

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Salimov, Samandar. « LITERATURE ON THE SPIRITUAL LIFE OF THE KYRGYZ PEOPLE IN THE 70-80S OF THE XX CENTURY ». Oriental Journal of Social Sciences 02, n^o 06 (1 juin 2022) : 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/supsci-ojss-02-03-04.

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It is well known that after the collapse of the Soviet state, its constituent states gained their independence one by one, and it became a topical issue to write the history of the new state in them. In some places, there have been cases of artificial antiquity of the history of their country, the creation of a history based on myths and fairy tales. In most cases, historical literature published after 1990 did not reach the historians of the neighboring state. It can be seen that the organization of scientific conferences between the fraternal peoples, the implementation of joint scientific expeditions has slowed down.

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Mahajan, Vikram K., Vikas Sharma, Neeraj Sharma, Monika Chandel et Rohit Verma. « Allergic contact dermatitis caused by topical corticosteroids : A review for clinicoepidemiological presentation, evaluation, and management aspects ». Cosmoderma 4 (8 février 2024) : 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/csdm_233_2023.

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Dermatitis medicamentosa or contact dermatitis to topically applied medicaments, active ingredients or excipients, is encountered frequently in clinical practice and should be suspected in patients showing resistance to treatment despite adequate therapy and in patients, who complain of intolerance to a particular treatment. Topical corticosteroids are prescribed mostly in dermatology for their anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive actions to treat various inflammatory dermatoses. These may act as allergens and produce immunoglobulin E-mediated immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylaxis, urticaria, angioedema, bronchospasm, vomiting, and cardiovascular collapse) or T-cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Although it occurs less often and is not life threatening, ACD negatively impacts the quality of life by worsening preexisting dermatitis. The prevalence of hypersensitivity to these allergens varies across regions and periods of time depending on the clinical practice, prescribing habits, and types of cases studied. Over-the-counter availability of corticosteroids in multiple formulations in recent years may further compound the problem due to their indiscriminate and extensive use. Although about one-third of all cases of contact dermatitis are initiated or perpetuated by topical medicaments, the occurrence of contact dermatitis due to corticosteroids remains undersuspected. This is perhaps due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties that make it difficult to doubt and prove contact sensitivity that may be from a corticosteroid itself or to the additives and vehicles in the formulation. Patch testing can help identify the culprit agents in ACD but early diagnosis depends on clinical suspicion. Sensitization in contact dermatitis exhibits cross-reactivity patterns based on corticosteroid structure. Clinicoepidemiological presentation, evaluation, and management aspects of contact hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids are reviewed.

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Piscicchia, Kristian, Alberto Clozza, Diana Laura Sirghi, Massimiliano Bazzi, Nicola Bortolotti, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli et al. « Optimization of a BEGe Detector Setup for Testing Quantum Foundations in the Underground LNGS Laboratory ». Condensed Matter 9, n^o 2 (11 avril 2024) : 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat9020022.

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In this work, we report on tests performed with an experimental apparatus prototype based on a broad-energy germanium detector aimed at investigating topical, foundational issues in quantum mechanics: i.e., possible violations of the spin-statistics connection and models of dynamical wave function collapse. Our recent phenomenological analyses demonstrated the importance of pushing the research of new physics signal, predicted in these fields, to an energy range below 10 keV. We describe the development of the dedicated data acquisition system and of the pulse shape discrimination algorithm, which have already allowed us to get a factor two improvement in the lower energy threshold. Future plans are discussed to further improve the lower energy threshold to the level of a few keV.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Thompson, Todd A. « Topics in the theory of core-collapse supernovae ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289816.

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We study the physics of core-collapse supernovae and the neutron stars they create. We study the microphysics of neutrino interactions and demonstrate the importance of two processes previously ignored in full supernova simulations: inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering and nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung. We show that these processes dominate neutrino-electron scattering and electron-positron annihilation as thermalization and production mechanisms, respectively, for mu- and tau-neutrinos in regimes vital to emergent spectrum formation. In addition, we solve the general-relativistic steady-state eigenvalue problem of neutrino-driven protoneutron star winds, which immediately follow core-collapse supernova explosions. We provide velocity, density, temperature, and composition profiles and explore the systematics and structures generic to such a wind for a variety of protoneutron star characteristics. Furthermore, we derive the entropy, dynamical timescale, and compositions essential in assessing this site as a candidate for r-process nucleosynthesis. Finally, we construct dynamical models of core-collapse supernovae. We employ a full solution to the transport equation for each neutrino species, a realistic high-density nuclear equation of state, and explicit hydrodynamics. We present results from a set of different supernova progenitors. We vary the microphysics and nuclear equation of state and compare our results to those of other groups. We examine the electron-neutrino breakout phenomenon and address the importance of nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung and inelastic neutrino-electron scattering in mu and tau neutrino spectrum formation. We convolve the emergent spectra obtained in these models with terrestrial neutrino detectors and find that the electron-neutrino breakout burst can likely be observed and identified uniquely.

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Mialhe, Stéphanie. « Vécus de violences professionnelles et décompensation cancéreuse : Recherche en psychologie clinique ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO20019.

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L’enjeu principal de cette recherche est de questionner les liens éventuels entre les décompensations cancéreuses et les situations professionnelles vécues comme violentes et traumatiques. En effet, à partir de sa clinique dans un service d’onco-hématologie et à la suite de plusieurs rencontres avec des sujets invoquant la sphère professionnelle comme responsable de leur affection, l’auteure a souhaité mener sur le terrain des investigations plus étendues et précises autour de ce sujet. Les objectifs étaient de se rendre compte du nombre potentiel de sujets « malades du travail » et de s’entretenir avec eux en vue de repérer les mouvements conscients et inconscients contributeurs, entre autres facteurs selon eux, à une telle situation somatique.Les entretiens cliniques avec vingt sujets, très investis dans leur travail, ont mis en lumière pour ces derniers les effets d’/de (ob)scénalisation de la scène inconsciente sur la scène professionnelle et la possible collision traumatique entre ces deux scènes. Ses hypothèses théoriques ont permis à l’auteure de proposer une compréhension de ses mouvements à travers l’existence d’un Moi-pro en lien avec des enveloppes institutionnelles - composées de l’Institution, de l’organisation du travail et des différents groupes auxquels le travailleur appartient – qui seraient au service de l’équilibre psychique et somatique du sujet lorsque sa subjectivité se déploie au travail. Inversement, lorsque la subjectivité est empêchée, l’auteure a montré comment les éléments autrefois contenus et/ou métabolisés pouvaient faire retour et faire écho aux éléments non liés de l’inconscient amential provoquant une somatisation grave (la dysfiliation originelle et primaire venant se collapser de manière traumatique à la désaffiliation professionnelle)
The main aim of this research is to examine the possible links between cancer decompensation and work situations experienced as violent and traumatic. Based on her clinical experience in an onco-haematology department, and following a number of encounters with subjects who cited the professional sphere as the cause of their illness, the author wished to carry out more extensive and precise field investigations into this subject. The aim was to find out how many subjects were potentially 'work-sick', and to talk to them in order to identify the conscious and unconscious movements that, in their view, contributed to such a somatic situation, among other factors.The clinical interviews with twenty subjects, who were highly committed to their work, highlighted the effects of (ob)scenalisation of the unconscious scene on the professional scene, and the possible traumatic collision between these two scenes. Her theoretical hypotheses enabled the author to propose an understanding of these movements through the existence of an ego-pro linked to institutional envelopes - made up of the institution, the work organisation and the various groups to which the worker belongs - which would serve the subject's psychic and somatic equilibrium when his subjectivity unfolds at work. Conversely, when subjectivity is prevented, the author has shown how elements previously contained and/or metabolised can come back and echo the unbound elements of the amential unconscious, causing serious somatisation (the original and primary dysfiliation collapsing in a traumatic way with professional disaffiliation)

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Alpsten, Freja. « Investigation of a Collapsed Cone Superposition Algorithm for dosimetry in brachytherapy ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-195490.

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Background & Purpose: The current standard dosimetry in brachytherapy treatment planning, the TG-43 formalism, ignore the presence of non-water media and finite patient dimensions. This can cause clinically relevant errors in dose estimates. To over- come the limitations of the TG-43 formalism, Model-Based Dose Calculation Algorithms (MBDCAs) have evolved. One of the commercial available MBDCAs is the Advanced Collapsed cone Engine (ACE) by Elekta. In ACE, the total dose is divided into three components, the primary, the first-scattered and the multiple-scattered dose, where the two last mentioned are calculated by the means of the Collapsed Cone Algorithm. In this study the performance of ACE has been investigated. The study has been di- vided into 2 parts, where the aim of part 1 was to analyze the relationship between the so called discretization artifacts, caused by the collapsed cone approximation, and the number of dwell positions. The severeness of the artifact is thought to decrease as the number of dwell positions are increased. The second part focus on ACE’s behavior in cortical bone, with the aim to form a hypothesis (explanation and solution) to the previously observed dose underestimation of the dose to bone made by ACE. Materials and Methods: The generic 192Ir source, the Oncentra Brachy (OcB) treatment planning system (TPS) and the Monte Carlo (MC) platform ALGEBRA have been utilized. In the first part of the study, six source configurations, all with a different number of dwell positions, were created and placed in the center of large water phantoms, i.e. under TG-43 conditions in which the TG-43 formalism can be assumed to yield a high accuracy of the estimated dose. The accuracy of ACE has been judged by its’ deviation from TG-43. In the second part of the study, a cubic source configuration, of 27 dwell positions, was positioned at the center of a cubic water phantom. Three cases where constructed, with a small cortical bone heterogeneity positioned at different distances from the source configu- ration. The ACE calculated dose distribution has been divided into its’ three constituents. The accuracy of ACE and TG-43 has been judged by its’ deviation from MC. Results: Part 1 showed that increasing the number of dwell positions does not guar- antee an improved accuracy of ACE. Local dose difference ratios of > 2%, caused by the artifacts, were mainly located outside the 5% isodose line. A general dose underestima- tion was observed in ACE, with an increased magnitude as the dose level decreased. The majority of local dose difference ratios below -4% were found where the multi-resolution voxelization grid of ACE has a voxel size of ≥23 mm3, that is at a distance of ≥8 cm from the closest dwell position when using the ACE standard accuracy level. In part 2, ACE underestimated the dose to cortical bone, with an increased magnitude as the bone was positioned farther away from the source configuration. The TG-43 formalism gave slightly better estimates of the mean dose to bone than ACE, especially at higher dose levels. For a mean dose to the cortical bone heterogeneity equal to 45% of the prescribed dose, TG-43 and ACE underestimated the mean dose with 1% and 4%, respectively. The estimated mean dose to a volume located directly behind the heterogeneity agreed within 1% between ACE and MC. However, an increased amount of positive local dose difference ratios were observed in this volume. Conclusions: Increasing the number of dwell positions cause a ”blurring” effect of the artifact, but may also increase the fluence gradient. In such situations the severeness of the artifact may not be improved. In patient cases the dwell positions are usually added in a more random manner which may favor the ”blurring effect”. The underestimations observed in ACE are thought to be caused by both the multiple- resolution voxelization grid of ACE and the relationship between the dimensions of the phantom in which the multiple-scattered kernel has been generated and the current calcu- lation volume. ACE was unsuccessful to predict the dose to cortical bone, and should hence be used with caution when cortical bone is an organ at risk, as long as the problem remains. The results indicates that the error in ACE is located in the scatter dose calculations and that the heterogeneity cause ACE to displace the dose. The error is thought to be located in the multiple-scattered dose component, which was also shown by Terribilni et al.. A hypothesis is that the problem is caused by the neglected effect of media dependent absorption coefficients in the multiple-scattered dose calculation. A suggested solution, left to be proven, is to use effective attenuation scaling factors.

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Echeverria, Fernando Thorne Kip S. « Topics in general relativity theory : gravitational-wave measurements of black-hole parameters ; gravitational collapse of a cylindrical body ; and classical-particle evolution in the presence of closed, timelike curves / ». Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12082008-095402.

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Xiong, Hui. « Combining Subject Expert Experimental Data with Standard Data in Bayesian Mixture Modeling ». The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312214048.

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O'Connor, Evan Patrick. « Topics in Core-Collapse Supernova Theory : The Formation of Black Holes and the Transport of Neutrinos ». Thesis, 2012. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/7118/2/thesis_oconnor_wlinks.pdf.

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Core-Collapse Supernovae are one of the most complex astrophysical systems in the universe. They deeply entwine aspects of physics and astrophysics that are rarely side by side in nature. To accurately model core-collapse supernovae one must self-consistently combine general relativity, nuclear physics, neutrino physics, and magneto-hydrodynamics in a symmetry-free computational environment. This is a challenging task, as each one of these aspects on its own is an area of great study. We take an open approach in an effort to encourage collaboration in the core-collapse supernovae community.

In this thesis, we develop a new open-source general-relativistic spherically-symmetric Eulerian hydrodynamics code for studying stellar collapse, protoneutron star formation, and evolution until black hole formation. GR1D includes support for finite temperature equations of state and an efficient and qualitatively accurate treatment of neutrino leakage. GR1D implements spherically-symmetric rotation, allowing for the study of slowly rotating stellar collapse. GR1D is available at http://www.stellarcollapse.org

We use GR1D to perform an extensive study of black hole formation in failing core-collapse supernovae. Over 100 presupernova models from various sources are used in over 700 total simulations. We systematically explore the dependence of black hole formation on the input physics: initial zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) mass and metallicity, nuclear equation of state, rotation, and stellar mass loss rates. Assuming the core-collapse supernova mechanism fails and a black hole forms, we find that the outcome, for a given equation of state, can be estimated, to first order, by a single parameter, the compactness of the stellar core at bounce. By comparing the protoneutron star structure at the onset of gravitational instability with solutions of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkof equations, we find that thermal pressure support in the outer protoneutron star core is responsible for raising the maximum protoneutron star mass by up to 25% above the cold neutron star value. By artificially increasing neutrino heating, we find the critical neutrino heating efficiency required for exploding a given progenitor structure and connect these findings with ZAMS conditions. This establishes, albeit approximately, for the first time based on actual collapse simulations, the mapping between ZAMS parameters and the outcome of core collapse.

We also use GR1D to study proposed progenitors of long-duration gamma-ray bursts. We find that many of the proposed progenitors have core structures similar to garden-variety core-collapse supernovae. These are not expected to form black holes, a key ingredient of the collapsar model of long-duration gamma-ray bursts. The small fraction of proposed progenitors that are compact enough to form black holes have fast rotating iron cores, making them prone to a magneto-rotational explosion and the formation of a protomagnetar rather than a black hole.

Finally, we present preliminary work on a fully general-relativistic neutrino transport code and neutrino-interaction library. Following along with the trends explored in our black hole formation study, we look at the dependence of the neutrino observables on the bounce compactness. We find clear relationships that will allow us to extract details of the core structure from the next galactic supernova. Following the open approach of GR1D, the neutrino transport code will be made open-source upon completion. The open-source neutrino-interaction library, NuLib, is already available at http://www.nulib.org.

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Echeverria, Fernando. « Topics in general relativity theory : gravitational-wave measurements of black-hole parameters ; gravitational collapse of a cylindrical body ; and classical-particle evolution in the presence of closed, timelike curves ». Thesis, 1993. https://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4882/1/Echeverria_f_1993.pdf.

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In this thesis I present three separate studies on three different topics in General Relativity. The first study investigates the accuracy with which the mass and angular momentum of a black hole can be determined by measurements of gravitational waves from the hole, using a laser-interferometer gravitational-wave detector. The black hole is assumed to have been strongly perturbed, perhaps by coalescence with a binary companion, and the detector measures the waves produced by its resulting vibration and ring-down. The uncertainties in the measured mass and angular momentum arise from the unavoidable presence of noise in the detector. It is found that the faster the hole rotates, the more accurate the measurements will be, with the uncertainty in the angular momentum decreasing rapidly with increasing rotation speed. It is also found that the errors in the mass and angular momentum are highly correlated. The second study is an analysis of the gravitational collapse of an infinitely long, cylindrical dust shell. This analysis is expected to be helpful in understanding the behavior during collapse of more realistic, finite-length bodies. It is found that the collapse evolves into a naked singularity in finite time, as measured by a distant observer or by one riding on the shell. Analytical expressions for the variables describing the collapse are found at late times, near the singularity. The picture is completed with a numerical simulation that follows the collapse from the start until very close to the singularity. The singularity is found to be strong, in the sense that an observer riding on the shell will be infinitely stretched in the direction parallel to the symmetry axis, and infinitely compressed in the azimuthal direction. The gravitational waves emitted from the collapse are also analyzed. The last study focuses on a different kind of phenomenon, namely, the consequences of the existence of closed timelike curves in a spacetime that contains a wormhole. One might expect that the closed timelike curves would cause difficulty for the initial value problem for systems that evolve in such a spacetime: a system with apparently well-posed initial conditions might have no self-consistent solutions to its evolution equations. We study the simple case of a macroscopic, classical particle with a hard-sphere potential (a "billiard ball"), and we focus attention on initial conditions for which the evolution, if followed naively, is self- inconsistent: the ball enters one mouth of the wormhole and then comes out of the other mouth at an earlier time, then collides with its younger self, preventing itself from ever entering the first mouth. We find, surprisingly, that for all such "dangerous" initial conditions, there are an infinite number of self-consistent evolutionary solutions, involving a glancing collision and any number of wormhole traversals. We also find that for many non-dangerous initial conditions, there also exist an infinity of possible evolutions.

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Livres sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Austin, Thomas, et Angelos Koutsourakis, dir. Cinema of Crisis. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448505.001.0001.

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Cinema of Crisis: Film and Contemporary Europe explores the politics and aesthetics of filmmaking across a continent in flux. This urgent and necessary collection brings together scholars from Spain to Estonia, Hungary to Britain, in order to trace European filmmakers’ diverse responses to the interlinked upheavals and emergencies of the past three decades. Covering topics such as the collapse of the eastern bloc; deindustrialisation; the 2008 crash and the eurozone debt crisis; austerity and neoliberalism, as well as 'Fortress Europe' and the 'refugee crisis', this book investigates a range of audiovisual forms, including documentaries, the work of arthouse auteurs, and videos posted on Youtube. It engages in highly topical debates in political and aesthetic spheres, and explores key interfaces between the two.

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Barnard, Gareth J. Complete Guide to Collapsed Topics. Blurb, 2016.

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Barnard, Gareth J. Complete Guide to Collapsed Topics. Blurb, 2016.

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Pavlac, Brian A., et Elizabeth S. Lott, dir. Holy Roman Empire. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216972976.

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Reference entries, overview essays, and primary source document excerpts survey the history and unveil the successes and failures of the longest-lasting European empire. The Holy Roman Empire endured for ten centuries. This book surveys the history of the empire from the formation of a Frankish Kingdom in the sixth century through the efforts of Charlemagne to unify the West around A.D. 800, the conflicts between emperors and popes in the High Middle Ages, and the Reformation and the Wars of Religion in the Early Modern period to the empire's collapse under Napoleonic rule. A historical overview and timeline are followed by sections on government and politics, organization and administration, individuals, groups and organizations, key events, the military, objects and artifacts, and key places. Each of these topical sections begins with an overview essay, which is followed by alphabetically arranged reference entries on significant topics. The book includes a selection of primary source documents, each of which is introduced by a contextualizing headnote, and closes with a selected, general bibliography.

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Pavlac, Brian A., et Elizabeth S. Lott. Holy Roman Empire. ABC-CLIO, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216972983.

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Tucker, Spencer C., et Priscilla Roberts, dir. Encyclopedia of the Cold War. ABC-CLIO, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400645617.

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A comprehensive five-volume reference on the defining conflict of the second half of the 20th century, covering all aspects of the Cold War as it influenced events around the world. The conflict that dominated world events for nearly five decades is now captured in a multivolume work of unprecedented magnitude—from a publisher widely acclaimed for its authoritative military and historical references. Under the direction of internationally known military historian Spencer Tucker, ABC-CLIO'sThe Encyclopedia of the Cold War: A Political, Social, and Military Historyoffers the most current and comprehensive treatment ever published of the ideological conflict that not so long ago enveloped the globe. From the Second World War to the collapse of the Soviet Union,The Encyclopedia of the Cold Warprovides authoritative information on all military conflicts, battlefield and surveillance technologies, diplomatic initiatives, important individuals and organizations, national histories, economic developments, societal and cultural events, and more. The nearly 1,300 entries, plus topical essays and an extraordinarily rich documents volume, draw heavily on recently opened Russian, Eastern European, and Chinese archives. The work is a definitive cornerstone reference on one of the most important historical topics of our time.

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Doumouchtsis, Stergios K., S. Arulkumaran, Olujimi Jibodu, Sambit Mukhopadhyay, Leonie Penna, Paul Simpson et Vladimir Rivicky. Miscellaneous topics in obstetrics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651382.003.0009.

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This chapter outlines miscellaneous topics in obstetrics, including emergency cerclage, trauma in pregnancy, transfer and transport of pregnant women, pharmacotherapeutics in obstetrics (analgesics, morphine, antiemetics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, antihypertensives, anticonvulsives, corticosteroids, tocolytics, induction agents, and uterine stimulants), and obstetric collapse.

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Tucker, Spencer C., et Priscilla Roberts, dir. Cold War. ABC-CLIO, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400628061.

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The most comprehensive and up-to-date student reference on the Cold War, offering expert coverage of all aspects of the conflict in a richly designed format, fully illustrated to give students a vivid sense of life in all countries affected by the war. ABC-CLIO is proud to announce the latest addition to its widely acclaimed legacy of historical reference works for students. Under the direction of internationally known expert Spencer Tucker,Cold War: A Student Encyclopediacaptures the vast scope, day-to-day drama, and lasting impact of the Cold War more clearly and powerfully than any other student resource ever published. Ranging from the end of the Second World War to the collapse of the Soviet Union,Cold War: A Student Encyclopediaoffers vivid portrayals of leading individuals, significant battles, economic developments, societal/cultural events, changes in military technology, and major treaties and diplomatic agreements. The nearly 1,100 entries, plus topical essays and a documents volume, draw heavily on recently opened Russian, Eastern European, and Chinese archives. Enhanced by a rich program of maps and images, it is a comprehensive, current, and accessible student reference on the dominant geopolitical phenomenon of the late-20th century.

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Slim, Souad. From a Privileged Community to a Minority Community : The Orthodox Community of Beirut through the Newspaper Al-Hadiyya. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.003.0013.

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This chapter examines al-Hadiyya, the newspaper relaunched in 1921 in a dramatically different political context following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the installation of the French Mandate. Earlier Orthodox newspapers published by the diocese of Beirut and its community had been primarily religious and cultural in orientation. Al-Hadiyya took on a much more ambitious approach. Through an analysis of its leading articles, the chapter explores the political questions and the sociopolitical problems of the time, examining the astonishing range of topics covered, among them the issue of minorities, the participation of emigrants in political life, population transfers, foreign influence and the shock of the Bolshevik Revolution. Vital economic subjects were also tackled, from the Lebanese state budget to issues of the world economy.

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Pelkmans, Mathijs. Introduction. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501705137.003.0001.

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This book examines ideational power by focusing on the energy and momentum that are built into “flashes of conviction.” The discussion centers on the affective dimension of collective ideas and on how ideology comes to matter in the lives of people. Using the concept of conviction, the book analyzes the fluctuating intensity and quality of attitudes, motivations, and beliefs. It looks at different examples of conviction with particular emphasis on the impulses and resonances generated by assertions of truth. These topics are explored in the context of post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, and particularly in the mining town of Kokjangak, at a time of economic collapse and political turmoil. This introduction explains how the concepts of conviction and ideology are employed in order to lay the foundations for the conceptual framework developed in this book.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Monnelly, Vix, et Julie-Clare Becher. « Sudden Unexpected Postnatal Collapse ». Dans Emerging Topics and Controversies in Neonatology, 179–92. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28829-7_10.

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Alonso, Eduardo E., Núria M. Pinyol et Alexander M. Puzrin. « Collapse of Compacted Soil : Girona Road Embankments, Spain ». Dans Geomechanics of Failures. Advanced Topics, 85–127. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3538-7_3.

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Delpisheh, Elnaz, et Aijun An. « Topic Modeling Using Collapsed Typed Dependency Relations ». Dans Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 146–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06605-9_13.

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Burkhardt, Sophie, et Stefan Kramer. « Online Sparse Collapsed Hybrid Variational-Gibbs Algorithm for Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Topic Models ». Dans Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, 189–204. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71246-8_12.

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El-Ali, Leena. « Sexual Misconduct : What the Qur’an Tells Us about Pre-Marital vs Extra-Marital Sex ». Dans Sustainable Development Goals Series, 249–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83582-8_19.

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AbstractIn the Qur’an, sex outside marriage is a topic addressed to men and women equally, although society has come down much harder on women in this regard. A distinction is made between pre-marital and extra-marital sex (adultery), yet we hear almost nothing about that, with the two typically collapsed into a single category in the public discourse. While four witnesses are required to prove illicit sex of any kind, a mere expression of remorse is sufficient for the accused to be left alone per Qur’anic dictate. Where remorse is absent, the Qur’an takes a harder line against extra-marital sex and instructs “flogging”, an act of (limited) public shaming undertaken with harmless instruments, per the historical record, rather than the commonly held belief that its intention was corporal harm. How could it be otherwise, anyway, since women are prescribed the same number of “lashes” as men despite the physical differences between the two? As for stoning, it is not mentioned anywhere in the Qur’an.

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Wihtol de Wenden, Catherine. « Refugees ». Dans IMISCOE Research Series, 37–44. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31716-3_3.

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AbstractThe management of refugees is perhaps the aspect of migration that has been most extensively viewed and approached from an international perspective. After a period when there was no public policy in place related to refugees, during which they were welcomed by churches and other private networks (such as French Protestants during the seventeenth century seeking refuge in Germany, the UK, and the Netherlands), and some individual elites went into exile in response to regime changes and revolutions (such as Chateaubriand, Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, and Victor Hugo, to mention the most well-known exiles from France), the topic became far more pressing on the international scene after the collapse of some of the Great Empires of the nineteenth century: the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. The Nansen passport was created in 1922 in order to avoid a situation of statelessness for Armenians, Russians, and other populations of Eastern Europe, then to assist victims of fascism (the “fuorusciti” in Italy, and Spanish republicans from 1939). The Geneva Convention of 1951, written in the early years of the Cold War, defined refugees in terms of the persecution or fear of persecution of individuals, but definitions of refugees are now a matter of parallel processes of migration diplomacy.

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Ericsson, Daniel, et Silvia Cinque. « Debating Homo Academicus : A Maieutic Quest for Self-Reflexivity ». Dans Palgrave Debates in Business and Management, 1–22. Cham : Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58195-3_1.

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AbstractIn this introductory chapter, a debate is instigated about the different ontological assumptions that scholars in the fields of management and organization make about themselves, and the consequences and implications these assumptions have in practice. In this regard, the debate is positioned in relation to one of the major conversation topics within the fields of management and organization: self-fulfilling prophecies, i.e., the phenomena in which unsubstantiated, unethical, or dysfunctional assumptions about humans can lead to adverse practical consequences. In contrast to the dominating debating tradition in academia—the eristic struggle to defeat the opponent, not for the sake of good arguments, but for the sake of the victory in itself (as sarcastically outlined by Arthur Schopenhauer)—the instigated debate follows Socrates’ somewhat forgotten maieutic tradition in which debates are seen as vehicles for advancing the speaking partner’s arguments. The eleven contributions presented in this book are therefore presented as posts in an ongoing conversation through which discursive positions on the subject are made visible, reflected upon, and (possibly could be) altered. They form a collage of ontological assumptions and practical consequences to promote self-reflexivity in a quest-like manner. It is argued that this collage entails two superimposed debates. On the one hand, a debate about the extent to which scholars in the fields of management and organization are assumed to be—and should be—independent of social pressures, normative expectations, conventions, and institutional logics; on the other hand, a debate about the extent to which scholars in the fields of management and organization are assumed to speak—and should speak—from a position endowed with obligations and privileges. Through the different ways in which the book’s contributors tackle these interrelated issues, three more or less distinct argumentative themes and ontological assumptions emerge: Homo moralis, Homo reflectivus, and Homo mutatus. These themes form the narrative structure of the book but in themselves represent heuristic devices to even further stimulate a self-reflexive debate on Homo academicus within the fields of management and organization.

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Dobbs-Allsopp, F. W. « 2. The Bible in Whitman ». Dans Divine Style, 63–110. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0357.03.

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The chapter takes up the topic of biblical quotations, allusions, and echoes in Whitman’s writings, albeit with a very specific end in view. G. W. Allen pioneered this line of research in his “Biblical Echoes,” which remains the single largest published collection of biblical quotations, allusions and echoes in Whitman. This sampling alone establishes Whitman’s knowledge and use of the Bible, and the direct quotations from the Bible make clear Whitman’s use of the KJB translation in particular. Allen also ably emphasizes the “elusive” nature of Whitman’s allusive practice in Leaves as it pertains to the Bible. My own point of departure is the (modest amount of) research carried out on this topic since Allen’s foundational study. I begin by elaborating a number of general observations that entail from these more recent studies, not a few of which contrast with emphases placed by Allen (e.g., the prominence of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament in Whitman’s collages from the Bible). The main part of the chapter focuses on the important period from 1850-55. A survey of Whitman’s writings (both poetry and prose) from this period reveals a plethora of biblical language, imagery, themes, characters, and imitations of all sorts, and this allusive practice turns out to be a very tangible way of tracking one dimension of Whitman’s evolving poetic theory—“no quotations.” At the time of the three free-verse poems from the spring and summer of 1850, Whitman could still freely embed quotations from the Bible in his poems. But by the time of the early notebooks and poetry manuscripts, and then in the 1855 Leaves, Whitman’s new poetics is firmly in place: no more direct quotations, a concerted trimming away of some biblical trappings, and a tendency to work-over allusions to the point that they become, as B. L. Bergquist says, “more ‘elusive,’ more hidden.” The survey includes close scrutiny of Whitman’s prose writings (mostly journalistic in nature) from 1850-53 and the early pre-Leaves notebooks and unpublished poetry manuscripts.

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Doignon, Yoann, Isabelle Blöss-Widmer, Elena Ambrosetti et Sébastien Oliveau. « Family Formation and Dissolution ». Dans Population Dynamics in the Mediterranean, 81–98. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37759-4_6.

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AbstractThe question of the unity of the family models in the Mediterranean has been the subject of much debate in the field of generations history. Some researchers have put forward the much disputed hypothesis of a past unity in the Mediterranean area in relation to marriage and the family. In modern times, however, we are dealing with very heterogeneous situations in this area. A priori, the populations on the different shores of the Mediterranean do not have much in common, with diversified Western family models on one side, and a very specific Arab-Muslim family model on the other. Although different on both sides of the Mediterranean, family models have nevertheless undergone profound changes over the last 70 years: some discuss a “marriage revolution” for the populations of the Southern and Eastern shores, others a second demographic transition in the European countries. In the same way that researchers envisage a convergence of family models in the world towards the Western family model could there be a convergence of Mediterranean family models due to these contemporary family changes? Without directly answering this question, this chapter will attempt to provide some food for thought. Therefore, among the many possible elements for analysing family models, we decided to focus on the formation and dissolution of marriages. We will present the evolution of demographic indicators relating to these two phenomena, starting with marriage and divorce rates, followed by indicators relating to age at marriage and the significance of permanent celibacy. Unlike, the other demographic phenomena, we were unable to use the large international databases to study all the Mediterranean countries since 1950 for these family formation and dissolution related topics. We had to instead collate data from different data providers to create long series.

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Dimitri, Rossana, et Giorgio Zavarise. « Numerical Study of Discrete Masonry Structures under Static and Dynamic Loading ». Dans Computational Modeling of Masonry Structures Using the Discrete Element Method, 254–91. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0231-9.ch011.

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Much of the world's architectural heritage consists of Unreinforced Masonry (URM) structures whose preservation is a topical subject. To prevent possible collapse of multi-block systems in hazardous conditions, a promising tool to investigate their structural response is represented by numerical modelling with the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Gothic buttresses of trapezoidal and stepped shapes are first analysed comparatively under static loading, defining the optimal configurations. Numerical results are verified against the analytical predictions of overturning and sliding resistances, based on a continuum approximation of masonry. The DEM is then successfully adopted to assess the first-order seismic behavior of arches and buttressed arches with different shapes as compared to predictions based on limit analysis. A systematic investigation on dynamic behavior failure domains and on modes of collapse of URM structures is finally performed for varying input parameters, as needed to gain more confidence on the numerical results.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Milne, A. M. « Experimental and Numerical Study of Temperatures in Cavity Collapse ». Dans Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 : 12th APS Topical Conference. AIP, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1483686.

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Menikoff, Ralph. « Pore Collapse and Hot Spots in HMX ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780261.

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Griffin, Steven T. « RF Frequency Oscillations in the Early Stages of Vacuum Arc Collapse ». Dans RADIO FREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS : 15th Topical Conference on Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1638069.

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Barrett, J. J. C., D. W. Brenner, D. H. Robertson et C. T. White. « Detonation of solid O[sub 3] : Effects of void collapse ». Dans Proceedings of the conference of the American Physical Society topical group on shock compression of condensed matter. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.50745.

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Nelms, Matthew D., Matthew P. Kroonblawd et Ryan A. Austin. « Pore collapse in single-crystal TATB under shock compression ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2019 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0000955.

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Grinfeld, Michael, et Pavel Grinfeld. « Gravitational collapse and self-oscillations of two-phase celestial bodies ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2017 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5045033.

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Libersky, L. D. « Simulation of Void Collapse in Ammonium Nitrate Using a Meshfree Lagrangian Particle Method ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2003 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1780256.

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Cai, Jing. « Collapse of Hollow Cylinders of PTFE and Aluminum Particles Mixtures Using Hopkinson Bar ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2005 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2263441.

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Tang, Yizhe, Eduardo M. Bringa, B. Remington et Marc Meyers. « Growth and collapse of nanovoids in tantalum monocrystals loaded at high strain rate ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2011 : Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3686508.

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Germann, Timothy C., Kai Kadau, Mark Elert, Michael D. Furnish, William W. Anderson, William G. Proud et William T. Butler. « LARGE-SCALE MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS OF THE FCC-FCC VOLUME COLLAPSE TRANSITION IN SHOCKED CESIUM ». Dans SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009 : Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3295021.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Topical collapse"

Diop, Cheikh Ahmed, Muhamed Zulkhibri et Mustafa Yagci. US Banking Crisis and Risks of Global Contagion. Islamic Development Bank Institute, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24031.

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The collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) and Signature Bank on 8-10 March 2023 has triggered deep financial turmoil in the US and prompted financial and monetary authorities to intervene to swiftly avert a contagion. SVB specialized in providing finance and banking services to venture-backed start-ups, most of which are technology firms. It was the largest US bank to fail since the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008. SVB’s failure is generally attributed to liquidity exacerbated by large and quick withdrawals, net interest margins associated with the broader tech sector downturn, and rising interest rates that resulted in the deterioration of their balance sheets because of large unrealized losses. The collapse of SVB occurred amid tightening global financial conditions and increasing uncertainty about global recovery prospects. As such, it is imperative to understand and examine the extent to which broader central bank policies interacted with SVB’s failure. In 2022, in response to the global inflation acceleration, central banks, especially the Federal Reserve System (the Fed) of the US, raised interest rates, from 0.125% in February 2022 (pre-East European crisis) to 4.625% in February 2023. Because of the shift from monetary easing to tightening, bond yields have started to reflect changing market sentiments in the US, the impact of which can be observed in bank balance sheets. As a result, the value of long-term assets, such as government bonds and mortgages, have deteriorated, exposing solvency concerns and liquidity stress, especially for mid-sized and regional banks. Despite massive bailouts for the US banking sector, investor sentiment has remained fragile and global contagion risks remain. This topical paper aims to provide further insights into the US banking crisis as it unfolds. The analysis focuses on the following aspects: (i) understanding the circumstances that led to the crisis (ii) highlighting the policy reactions so far, (iii) assessing the risks of contagion globally, and (iv) drawing potential lessons and recommendations.

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Leis, B. N., et N. D. Ghadiali. L51720 Pipe Axial Flaw Failure Criteria - PAFFC Version 1.0 Users Manual and Software. Chantilly, Virginia : Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), mai 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011357.

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In the early 1970's, the Pipeline Research Council International, Inc.(PRCI) developed a failure criterion for pipes that had a predominately empirical basis. This criterion was based on flaw sixes that existed prior to pressurization and did not address possible growth due to the pressure in service or in a hydrostatic test or during the hold time at pressure in a hydrotest. So long as that criterion was used within the scope of the underlying database and empirical calibration, the results of its predictions were reasonably accurate. However, with the advent of newer steels and the related increased toughness that supported significant stable flaw growth, it became evident that this criterion should be updated. This updating led to the PRCI ductile flaw growth model (DFGM) that specifically accounted for the stable growth observed at flaws controlled by the steel's toughness and a limit-states analysis that addressed plastic-collapse at the flaw. This capability provided an accurate basis to assess flaw criticality in pipelines and also the means to develop hydrotest plans on a pipeline specific basis. Unfortunately, this enhanced capability came at the expense of increased complexity that made this new capability difficult to use on a day-today basis. To counter this complexity, this capability has been recast in the form of a PC computer program. Benefit: This topical report contains the computer program and technical manual for a failure criterion that will predict the behavior of an axially oriented, partially through the wall flaw in a pipeline. The model has been given the acronym PAFFC which stands for Pipe Axial Flaw Failure Criteria. PAFFC is an extension of a previously developed ductile flaw growth model, L51543, and can account for both a flaw's time dependent growth under pressure as well as its unstable growth leading to failure. As part of the output, the user is presented with a graphical depiction of the flaw sizes in terms of combinations of flaw length and depth, that will fail (or survive) a given operating or test pressure. As compared to existing criteria, this model provides a more accurate prediction of flaw behavior for a broad range of pipeline conditions.

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Stelmakh, Marta. Тематика російсько-української війни в контексті геополітичних змін у працях Енн Еплбаум. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, mars 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11735.

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The article analyses the topic of the Russian war against Ukraine in the works of Anne Applebaum. The subject of the study is the Russian-Ukrainian war in the context of changes in the world order in the journalist articles published since the beginning of the full-scale invasion. This article highlights the main theses and ideas of the author and her predictions about the future of democracy. The need for a critical analysis of the world changes and a response to the expansionist actions of authoritarian states is substantiated. The main goal of the work is to find out the particularities of the consideration of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the analysis of changes in the world order in the works of Anne Applebaum. Such methods as systematic, comparative historical and others were used in the research process. A. Applebaum’s articles published before and during the full-scale invasion in the American publication “The Atlantic” were analysed. We managed to identify the main subject of A. Applebaum’s articles: the reasons and motives of Russian aggression against Ukraine; the collapse of democracy in the context of the Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine; the problem of the ignorance of threats from authoritarian states, in particular Russia, by the European and American communities; the rethinking of their identity and past by states due to the war on the continent, as well as the use of genocidal hate speech by the Russian authorities to justify the physical and moral destruction of Ukrainians in the past and present. The results of our research will help journalists who consider both the historical context of Russia’s genocidal policy against Ukraine as well as the impact of the war on the international system. The analysis of the works of A. Applebaum is crucial for Ukrainian society as they consider our past and present and their correlation. Keywords: Russian-Ukrainian war; propaganda; Anne Applebaum; Timothy Snyder.

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Bloch, Guy, Gene E. Robinson et Mark Band. Functional genomics of reproduction and division of labor in a key non-Apis pollinator. United States Department of Agriculture, janvier 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7699867.bard.

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i. List the original objectives, as defined in the approved proposal, and any revisions made at the beginning or during the course of project. Our objectives were: 1) develop state-of-the-art functional genomics tools for B. terrestris. These resources will be then used to: 2) characterize genes and molecular pathways that are associated with reproduction, 3) characterize genes and molecular pathways associated with specialization in foraging or nursing activities, and 4) determine the extent to which juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in the regulation of reproduction and division of labor. 5) Use RNA interference to down regulate genes associated with reproductive physiology, division of labor, or both. A decrease in the cost of RNA sequencing enabled us to further use the BARD support to extend our research to three additional related projects: A) The regulation of body size which is crucial for understanding both reproduction (castedetermination) and (size based) division of labor in bumblebees. B) Analyze RNA editing in our RNA sequencing data which improves the molecular understanding of the systems we study. C) The influence of JH on the fat body in addition to the brain on which we focused in our proposal. The fat body is a key tissue regulating insect reproduction and health. ii. Background to the topic. Bees are by far the most important pollinators in agricultural and natural ecosystems. The recent collapse of honey bee populations, together with declines in wild bee (including bumble bee) populations, puts their vital pollination services under severe threat. A promising strategy for circumventing this risk is the domestication and mass-rearing of non-Apis bees. This approach has been successfully implemented for several bumble bees including Bombusterrestris in Israel, and B. impatiens in the US, which are mass-reared in captivity. In spite of their critical economic and environmental value, little is known about the physiology and molecular biology of bumble bees. In this collaborative project we developed functional genomics tools for the bumble bee B. terrestris and use these tools for a first thorough study on the physiology and molecular biology of reproduction, dominance, and division of labor in a bumble bee. iii. Major conclusions, solutions. The valuable molecular data of this project together with the functional tools and molecular information generated in this BARD funded project significantly advanced the understanding of bumblebee biology which is essential for maintaining their vital pollination services for US and Israel agriculture.

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Payment Systems Report - June of 2021. Banco de la República, février 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2021.

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Banco de la República provides a comprehensive overview of Colombia’s finan¬cial infrastructure in its Payment Systems Report, which is an important product of the work it does to oversee that infrastructure. The figures published in this edition of the report are for the year 2020, a pandemic period in which the con¬tainment measures designed and adopted to alleviate the strain on the health system led to a sharp reduction in economic activity and consumption in Colom¬bia, as was the case in most countries. At the start of the pandemic, the Board of Directors of Banco de la República adopted decisions that were necessary to supply the market with ample liquid¬ity in pesos and US dollars to guarantee market stability, protect the payment system and preserve the supply of credit. The pronounced growth in mone¬tary aggregates reflected an increased preference for liquidity, which Banco de la República addressed at the right time. These decisions were implemented through operations that were cleared and settled via the financial infrastructure. The second section of this report, following the introduction, offers an analysis of how the various financial infrastructures in Colombia have evolved and per¬formed. One of the highlights is the large-value payment system (CUD), which registered more momentum in 2020 than during the previous year, mainly be¬cause of an increase in average daily remunerated deposits made with Banco de la República by the General Directorate of Public Credit and the National Treasury (DGCPTN), as well as more activity in the sell/buy-back market with sovereign debt. Consequently, with more activity in the CUD, the Central Securi¬ties Depository (DCV) experienced an added impetus sparked by an increase in the money market for bonds and securities placed on the primary market by the national government. The value of operations cleared and settled through the Colombian Central Counterparty (CRCC) continues to grow, propelled largely by peso/dollar non-deliverable forward (NDF) contracts. With respect to the CRCC, it is important to note this clearing house has been in charge of managing risks and clearing and settling operations in the peso/dollar spot market since the end of last year, following its merger with the Foreign Exchange Clearing House of Colombia (CCDC). Since the final quarter of 2020, the CRCC has also been re¬sponsible for clearing and settlement in the equities market, which was former¬ly done by the Colombian Stock Exchange (BVC). The third section of this report provides an all-inclusive view of payments in the market for goods and services; namely, transactions carried out by members of the public and non-financial institutions. During the pandemic, inter- and intra-bank electronic funds transfers, which originate mostly with companies, increased in both the number and value of transactions with respect to 2019. However, debit and credit card payments, which are made largely by private citizens, declined compared to 2019. The incidence of payment by check contin¬ue to drop, exhibiting quite a pronounced downward trend during the past last year. To supplement to the information on electronic funds transfers, section three includes a segment (Box 4) characterizing the population with savings and checking accounts, based on data from a survey by Banco de la República con-cerning the perception of the use of payment instruments in 2019. There also is segment (Box 2) on the growth in transactions with a mobile wallet provided by a company specialized in electronic deposits and payments (Sedpe). It shows the number of users and the value of their transactions have increased since the wallet was introduced in late 2017, particularly during the pandemic. In addition, there is a diagnosis of the effects of the pandemic on the payment patterns of the population, based on data related to the use of cash in circu¬lation, payments with electronic instruments, and consumption and consumer confidence. The conclusion is that the collapse in the consumer confidence in¬dex and the drop in private consumption led to changes in the public’s pay¬ment patterns. Credit and debit card purchases were down, while payments for goods and services through electronic funds transfers increased. These findings, coupled with the considerable increase in cash in circulation, might indicate a possible precautionary cash hoarding by individuals and more use of cash as a payment instrument. There is also a segment (in Focus 3) on the major changes introduced in regulations on the retail-value payment system in Colombia, as provided for in Decree 1692 of December 2020. The fourth section of this report refers to the important innovations and tech¬nological changes that have occurred in the retail-value payment system. Four themes are highlighted in this respect. The first is a key point in building the financial infrastructure for instant payments. It involves of the design and im¬plementation of overlay schemes, a technological development that allows the various participants in the payment chain to communicate openly. The result is a high degree of interoperability among the different payment service providers. The second topic explores developments in the international debate on central bank digital currency (CBDC). The purpose is to understand how it could impact the retail-value payment system and the use of cash if it were to be issued. The third topic is related to new forms of payment initiation, such as QR codes, bio¬metrics or near field communication (NFC) technology. These seemingly small changes can have a major impact on the user’s experience with the retail-value payment system. The fourth theme is the growth in payments via mobile tele¬phone and the internet. The report ends in section five with a review of two papers on applied research done at Banco de la República in 2020. The first analyzes the extent of the CRCC’s capital, acknowledging the relevant role this infrastructure has acquired in pro¬viding clearing and settlement services for various financial markets in Colom¬bia. The capital requirements defined for central counterparties in some jurisdic¬tions are explored, and the risks to be hedged are identified from the standpoint of the service these type of institutions offer to the market and those associated with their corporate activity. The CRCC’s capital levels are analyzed in light of what has been observed in the European Union’s regulations, and the conclusion is that the CRCC has a scheme of security rings very similar to those applied internationally and the extent of its capital exceeds what is stipulated in Colombian regulations, being sufficient to hedge other risks. The second study presents an algorithm used to identify and quantify the liquidity sources that CUD’s participants use under normal conditions to meet their daily obligations in the local financial market. This algorithm can be used as a tool to monitor intraday liquidity. Leonardo Villar Gómez Governor

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