Bibliographies thématiques / Tibetan oral literature

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tibetan oral literature »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 27 juillet 2024
Mis à jour le 29 juillet 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tibetan oral literature"

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Jabb, Lama. « THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PAST IN THE CREATIVITY OF THE PRESENT:MODERN TIBETAN LITERATURE AND SOCIAL CHANGE ». International Journal of Asian Studies 8, no 1 (janvier 2011) : 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147959141000029x.

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Thus sings Sangdhor in a metrical poem in praise of Tibetan versification, countering an anti-verse sentiment that is prevalent on the contemporary Tibetan literary scene. Since the flourishing of free verse form in the 1980s, thanks to the pioneering works of Dhondup Gyal, many Tibetan writers have attacked metrical composition for its perceived inflexible, archaic and inadaptable form and uniformity of content. Sangdhor, one of the most iconoclastic and forward-thinking intellectuals writing in Tibetan today, vehemently refutes such a stance on the grounds that the bulk of great Tibetan works, literary or otherwise, are set in verse. To underscore his point he writes the cited poem in a “leaping and flying” style of themgur(‘poem-songs’) genre. In fact, most of his many innovative poems are written in an eclectic style drawing on Tibet's rich literary tradition, Buddhist texts, oral sources and contemporary writings. Their content is equally diverse yet most of all current. It is infused with social and religious criticism, themes of romance and eroticism, critical literary commentary and current Tibetan affairs. His poems, like those of many other writers, show that metered poetry is very much a part of modern Tibetan literature. As he draws on classical literature and indigenous oral traditions for his own literary innovation, to borrow a concept from Northrop Frye, in Sangdhor's work we can “see an enormous number of converging patterns of significance” that is a complication of Tibetan literary formulas stretching to the narratives of the distant past.2Therefore, it must be borne in mind that modern Tibetan literature transcends a theory of rupture which many scholars overstress to the point of overlooking its deep, outspread roots. Some parts of these roots predate both the 1980s, which saw a flourishing of new Tibetan writing, and the Chinese takeover of Tibet in the 1950s that has had a profound impact on Tibetan cultural production.
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Suzuki, Hiroyuki, et Sonam Wangmo. « Hearsay evidential marking strategy in Lhagang Tibetan ». Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 44, no 2 (23 novembre 2021) : 141–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.21001.suz.

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Abstract This exploratory study focuses on the use of hearsay evidential marking in the course of storytelling in a Tibetic language, Lhagang Tibetan, combining a descriptive linguistic approach with a literary-theoretic analysis. Tibetic languages generally possess a morpho-syntactically encoded evidential-epistemic system, in which the hearsay evidential represents a non-first-hand information source. However, we find a random use of the hearsay evidential marker in the oral literature of Lhagang Tibetan, although it has been transmitted from one generation to another by storytellers. The article aims to provide a reasonable explanation for the use of the hearsay evidential in storytelling. It proposes that hearsay evidential marking reflects the speaker’s attitude towards the utterance to either avoid full responsibility for the utterance or enhance the utterance’s authenticity. The former objective principally appears in telling a story based on a weak memory of the story; the latter appears in telling a legend. This explanation is supported by oral literature theory, especially the arguments regarding the difference between folktales and legends.
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Tso, Bendi. « Opportunities and challenges in preserving and revitalizing the Tibetan oral literature Shépa in Chone ». Book 2.0 9, no 1 (1 août 2019) : 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/btwo_00002_1.

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Sallon, Sarah, Yahav Dory, Yazeed Barghouthy, Tsewang Tamdin, Rigzin Sangmo, Jamyang Tashi, Sonam Yangdon et al. « Is mercury in Tibetan Medicine toxic ? Clinical, neurocognitive and biochemical results of an initial cross-sectional study ». Experimental Biology and Medicine 242, no 3 (14 octobre 2016) : 316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370216672748.

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Mercury an important therapeutic substance in Tibetan Medicine undergoes complex “detoxification” prior to inclusion in multi-ingredient formulas. In an initial cross-sectional study, patients taking Tibetan Medicine for various conditions were evaluated for mercury toxicity. Two groups were identified: Group 1, patients taking “ Tsothel” the most important detoxified mercury preparation and Group 2, patients taking other mercury preparations or mercury free Tibetan Medicine. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry of Tibetan Medicine showed mercury consumption 130 µg/kg/day (Group 1) and 30 µg/kg/day (Group 2) ( P ≤ 0.001), levels above EPA (RfDs) suggested threshold (0.3 µg/kg /day) for oral chronic exposure. Mean duration of Tibetan Medicine treatment was 9 ± 17 months (range 3–116) (Group 1) and 5 ± 1.96 months (range 1–114) (Group 2) (NS) with cumulative days of mercury containing Tibetan Medicine, 764 days ± 1214 (range 135–7330) vs. 103 days ± 111 (range 0–426), respectively ( P ≤ 0.001). Comparison of treatment groups with healthy referents (Group 3) not taking Tibetan Medicine showed no significant differences in prevalence of 23 non-specific symptoms of mercury toxicity, abnormal neurological, cardiovascular and dental findings and no correlation with mercury exposure variables; consumption, cumulative treatment days, blood/ urine Hg. Liver and renal function tests in treatment groups were not significantly increased compared to referents, with mean urine Beta2 Microglobulin within the normal range and not significantly associated with Hg exposure variables after correcting for confounding variables. Neurocognitive testing showed no significant intergroup differences for Wechsler Memory Scale, Grooved Pegboard, Visual Retention, but Group1 scores were better for Mini-Mental, Brief Word Learning, Verbal Fluency after correcting for confounding variables. These results suggest mercury containing Tibetan Medicine does not have appreciable adverse effects and may exert a possible beneficial effect on neurocognitive function. Since evidence of mercury as a toxic heavy metal, however, is well known, further analysis of literature on mercury use in other Asian traditional systems is highly suggested prior to further studies.
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Karmay, Samten G. « The theoretical basis of the Tibetan epic, with reference to a ‘chronological order’ of the various episodes in the Gesar epic ». Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no 2 (juin 1993) : 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00005498.

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In the 1950s when Professor Stein was engaged in his research on the Gesar epic, he wrote: ‘If there ever existed a complete recension of all Chapters, they remain unknown to us. Neither written texts nor oral versions contain the totality of the epic story. And the ones that we know of at present, present themselves in the form of a literature that is still alive and mobile.’Since then, the situation has totally changed with the publication of many previously unknown chapters, not only those that have come down to us from the past but also the new products of a literature that is still expanding, as Professor Stein so accurately observed. What I am concerned with here, however, is the theoretical basis which underlies the ordering of the episodes relating to the hero and his life, and the notion of a correct ‘chronological order’ which the tradition presents, however fictitious the events may be. It is the materials which existed before our time which are most pertinent here and which permit us to identify the theoretical basis of which I speak. That basis provides a perspective on the question as a whole, and a guide through the tangled structure of the Tibetan epic. We are now, as I said, in a better position than in the 1950s to make an assessment of the whole body of Tibetan epic literature.
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Mulzet, Ottilie. « Lama Jabb : Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature : The Inescapable Nation. London : Lexington Books, 2015. 277 pp. » arcadia 53, no 2 (29 octobre 2018) : 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arcadia-2018-0033.

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Erhard, Franz Xaver. « Jabb, Lama : Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature. The Inescapable Nation. Lanham/Boulder/New York/London : Lexington Books 2015. X, 276 S. 8° = Studies in Modern Tibetan Culture. Hartbd. £ 65,00. ISBN 978-1-4985-0333-4. » Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 114, no 2 (1 juillet 2019) : 167–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/olzg-2019-0055.

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Samuels, Jonathan. « Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature : The Inescapable Nation. By Lama Jabb. Lanham, MD : Lexington Books, 2015. Pp. 288. ISBN 10 : 1498503330 ; ISBN 13 : 978-1498503334. » International Journal of Asian Studies 13, no 2 (juillet 2016) : 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591416000139.

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Peacock, Christopher. « Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature : The Inescapable Nation. Lama Jabb. Lanham, Boulder, New York and London : Lexington Books, 2015. x + 277 pp. £65.00. ISBN 978-1-4985-0333-4 ». China Quarterly 225 (mars 2016) : 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741016000205.

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Plekhanova, Anna M., et Tsymzhit P. Vanchikova. « Гуманитарные научные исследования в Бурятии в 1930–1940-е гг. : достижения и проблемы (на материалах Государственного института культуры / Государственного института языка, литературы и истории) ». Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, no 3 (30 décembre 2021) : 450–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-3-450-466.

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The article aims to analyze the principal directions in the activities of Buryat-Mongolian State Institute of Culture (1929–1936) / Buryat-Mongolian State Institute of Language, Literature and History (1936–1944), the successor of the first scientific organization in Burya­tia — the Buryat-Mongolian Scientific Committee (1922–1929). It focuses on the achievements and problems in the organization and implementation of scientific research in the humanities in the 1930s. Materials. The sources used are unpublished documents of the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the IMBT SB RAS, such as annual plans and reports on research work, minutes of meetings of the Directorate, expedition reports, presentations, abstracts and minutes of conferences, correspondence with various organizations and offices, and other materials that were instrumental in reconstructing the history of reorganizations of the scientific institute under study, in following the changes in its scientific program, and in showing its effectiveness and efficiency. Results. In the 1930–1940s, the studies in the field of history, language, literature, and arts of the Buryat-Mongolian people were the principal directions of research in the Institute. Archaeological expeditions were useful in drawing a general picture of the ancient history of Buryatia and the first cultural-historical schemes. Historians’ work resulted in publishing a significant number of documents devoted to the history of the Buryat-Mongolian people, the publications included materials on issues of the pre-revolutionary Buryat-Mongolia, the revolutionary movement and the Civil war period, culture, and education, including monographs on the history of Buryatia recognized today as classical scientific works. Within the framework of the established ideological attitudes, there was a discussion on controversial issues of the history of Buryat-Mongolia, which accepted the one-line nature of the historical process in Buryat studies. Thanks to the successes of Buryat linguistics, a reform of the Buryat-Mongolian writing was carried out, first based on the Latin, and then on the Cyrillic alphabet. The linguists of the Institute made a decisive contribution to the elaboration of the literary Buryat language, enriching its lexical resources and standardizing spelling and grammar. Collection, systematization and study of oral folk art and musical folklore, adding to the Manuscript Department of the Institute manuscripts and woodcuts in Tibetan, Mongolian, Buryat-Mongolian languages, as well as uligers, chronicles, and other historical and literary monuments, and translation work — these and other areas of scientific research shaped the development of the humanities in Buryatia in the 1930–1940s. Throughout the period of persecutions and repressions, despite personnel shortage and everyday hardships, the Institute’s team continued their work, conducting large-scale studies of the socio-political and economic history, the culture and art of Buryat-Mongolia.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Tibetan oral literature"

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Jabb, Lama. « Modern Tibetan literature and the inescapable nation ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd216865-df8b-4973-b562-4e6dc3d525eb.

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Existing scholarship on modern Tibetan writing takes the 1980s as its point of “birth” and presents this period as marking a “rupture” with traditional forms of literature. This study seeks to go beyond such an interpretation by foregrounding the persistence of Tibet’s artistic past and oral traditions in the literary creativity of the present. An appreciation of genres, styles, concepts and techniques derived from Tibet’s rich and diverse oral art forms and textual traditions exposes the inadequacy of a simple “rupture” perspective. Whilst acknowledging the novel features of modern Tibetan literary creations this work draws attention to hitherto neglected aspects of continuities within the new. It reveals the innovative presence of Tibetan kāvya poetics, the mgur genre, biography, the Gesar epic and other types of oral compositions within modern Tibetan poetry and fiction. It also brings to prominence the complex and fertile interplay between orality and the Tibetan literary text. All these aspects are demonstrated by bringing the reader closer to Tibetan literature through the provision of original English translations of various textual and oral sources. Like any other national literature modern Tibetan literary production is also informed by socio-political and historical forces. An examination of unexplored topics ranging from popular music, Tibet’s critical tradition and cultural trauma to radical and erotic poetries shows a variety of issues that fire the imagination of the modern Tibetan writer. Of all these concerns the most overriding is the Tibetan nation, which pervades both fictional and poetic writing. In its investigation into modern Tibetan literature this thesis finds that Tibet as a nation - constituted of history, culture, language, religion, territory, shared myths and rituals, collective memories and a common sense of belonging to an occupied land - is inescapable. Embracing a multidisciplinary approach drawing on theoretical insights in literary theory and criticism, political studies, sociology and anthropology, this research demonstrates that, alongside past literary and oral traditions, the Tibetan nation proves to be an inevitable attribute of modern Tibetan literature.
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Livres sur le sujet "Tibetan oral literature"

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Tso, Bendi, et Marnyi Gyatso. Shépa : The Tibetan Oral Tradition in Choné. Open Book Publishers, 2023.

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Jabb, Lama. Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature : The Inescapable Nation. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2019.

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Oral and Literary Continuities in Modern Tibetan Literature : The Inescapable Nation. Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2015.

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Wallace, Vesna A., dir. Sources of Mongolian Buddhism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190900694.001.0001.

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This volume consists of twenty-four chapters containing a collection of selected original sources of Mongolian Buddhism, composed either in Tibetan or Mongolian language. This collection brings new material that has not yet been available in any of the European languages. Translated sources serve as a lens through which to examine Mongolian Buddhism in its variety of literary genres and styles and religious and cultural ideas and practices. Each chapter includes a translation of a shorter text or a selected section of a longer text, and each contributor also provides the introduction to a translated text or texts, which contextualizes text, references, and endnotes. The volume’s twenty-four chapters are classified into eight sections: The Early Seventeenth-Century Texts; Autobiography and Biography; Buddhist Teachings; Buddhist Didactic Poetry; Buddhist Ritual Texts; Buddhist Oral Literature of the Eighteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries; Tradition in Transition: The Twentieth-Century Writings; and Contemporary Buddhist Writings.
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Boucher, Daniel. Translation. Sous la direction de Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li et Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.32.

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The linguistic encounter between the Chinese and their neighbors begins from our earliest records. The Hua-Xia peoples of the central plain region came into contact with peoples of diverse language families, including Austroasiatic, Paleosiberian, Indo-European, and Tibeto-Burman, necessitating frequent interlinguistic exchange. The coming of Buddhism in the Later Han brought China’s first encounter with a significant literary other. The translation of Buddhist scriptures was carried out oral-aurally and by committee, leaving traces of the vernacular that would have noticeable impact on new genres of literature in the medieval period, even as the encounter with Sanskrit metrics would similarly transform Chinese poetry. Much of this work was carried out under imperial patronage. Finally, not all translation activity involved a one-way transmission from India to China. There is evidence of non-Indian translations carried out in Chinese territories and interest in non-Buddhist traditions as well.
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Materials for the Study of Gurung Pe, Volume II. Harvard University Press, 2018.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Tibetan oral literature"

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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering et Mark Turin. « Introduction / སྔོན་གླེང་གི་གཏམ། / 导论 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 1–168. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.01.

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Shépa is an encyclopaedic collection of antiphonal songs that have been practiced by the Choné people, a Tibetan subgroup residing in Gansu Province of northwest China, for centuries. This collection details Tibetan cosmology, geography, history, social customs, and cultural-religious objects, among other themes. It also contains cultural elements from neighbouring civilisations that were adopted by Tibetans. The content and performative styles of Shépa overlap with other forms of Tibetan oral tradition from northern Amdo to the southern Himalayas. Shépa also has a long-standing and entangled relationship with Tibetan literature, blurring the boundaries between orality and textuality and resisting strict demarcation. Currently, the performance and transmission of Shépa face new challenges and opportunities in the context of intangible cultural heritage preservation. For the Choné people as well as for broader Tibetan society, Shépa constitutes a repository of Indigenous, Bon, and Buddhist knowledge.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Khyung / ཁྱུང་། / 鹏 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 169–274. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.02.

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This chapter elaborates on the miraculous bird-like deity known to Tibetans as Khyung. Following a description of the creation of the universe from the Bon and Buddhist perspectives, this chapter covers the birth, appearance, food, form and power of the Khyung. Additionally, it tells the story of how the red Khyung was captured by the demon and subsequently rescued by a wise bat. The chapter offers deep insights into the matrix of Buddhist and non-Buddhist knowledge that together have nourished the Tibetan cultural world.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Jikten Chakluk / འཇིག་རྟེན་ཆགས་གླུ། / 成世说 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 341–514. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.04.

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This chapter adapts content from Tibetan Buddhist classics to depict the destruction and formation of both the world and sentient beings, with a particular focus on gods and humans. The narration elucidates the structure of Buddhist cosmology, the elements of all matter, the physical world produced by the collective karma of sentient beings, the movement of the planets, and the characteristics of all the beings in the Three Realms. This chapter also describes the origin of the Tibetan people and the development of Buddhism in the Tibetan Plateau.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Da / མདའ། / 箭 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 553–608. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.06.

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This chapter explicates the arrow, or da in Tibetan, an object with both religious and cultural significance in Tibetan society. The narration covers the origin and growth of bamboo, the knowledge required for selecting and transporting bamboo, the steps involved in crafting the arrow, and the representational meaning of each of the arrow’s components. This chapter also introduces the different types of arrows, their ornaments and quivers.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Lönpo Garchen / བློན་པོ་མགར་ཆེན། / 大臣噶尔东赞 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 609–702. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.07.

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‘Lönpo Garchen’ provides a unique description of the most famous marriage in Tibetan history. With major characters and their relations with Buddhism introduced, this chapter illustrates how Songtsen Gampo’s Minister, Gar Tongtsen, trekked to Tang China, triumphed over the envoys of other rulers in competitions to woo Princess Wencheng, and used his wisdom to escape from the Tang capital to Lhasa. Additionally, this chapter contains valuable Tibetan historical, cultural, and religious knowledge.
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Hong Lee, Lily Xiao. « Professor of Tibetan Language and Literature ». Dans Oral Histories of Tibetan Women, 112–15. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003268031-22.

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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Chémar / ཕྱེ་མར། / 切玛 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 515–52. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.05.

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This chapter provides a detailed description of chémar, the auspicious offering reserved for important rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations in all Tibetan communities. The narration illustrates the shape of chémar and the elements that constitute it, along with their symbolic meanings. Furthermore, this chapter also outlines the process of building a table to hold chémar, highlighting the careful selection of materials and skills required for its assembly.
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Tso, Bendi, Marnyi Gyatso, Naljor Tsering, Mark Turin et Members of the Choné Tibetan Community. « Rübel / རུས་སྦལ། / 龟说 ». Dans World Oral Literature Series, 275–340. Cambridge, UK : Open Book Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0312.03.

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This chapter delves into Rübel, a tortoise-shaped deity that appears in both Bon and Buddhist traditions. It provides a detailed account of Rübel’s life and residence in the sea, followed by how Mañjuśrī tamed Rübel and transformed it into the foundation of the world. The narration also explores the divinatory schemes embodied in Rübel, such as the five elements, eight trigrams, nine magic squares, and Zodiac animals that play an indispensable role in Tibetan astrology.
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Kværne, Per. « Western Reflections on ‘Oral’ and ‘Folk’ Literature in the Study of Ancient Tibetan Texts ». Dans Reading Slowly, 301–8. Harrassowitz, O, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvckq4dr.24.

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