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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Through transmission laser welding »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 14 mars 2023

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1

Wang, Zhen, Jian Bo Lei et Yun Shan Wang. « Study of Polymethyl Methacrylate Laser Transmission Welding ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (septembre 2011) : 930–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.930.

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Laser transmission welding (LTW) is a new technology for joining plastic components, involves a laser beam passing through a laser-transmitting part being absorbed by a laser-absorbing part at the weld interface. To form a strong bond, it is important that the weld interface be exposed to sufficient heat to melt the polymer without degrading it. This paper investigates the quality of PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrylate) laser transmission welding by using YAG (1.06um) laser. Using the orthogonal experiment method, the specimens under different parameters have been studied. In order to evaluate the mechanical resistance of the welded joint, surface profilometry and metallographic microscopy were employed. It was shown that welding quality was significantly influenced by speed, power, and welding spot size. We summarized the influence of various factors, and eventually obtained the experimental results under different experimental parameters.
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2

Woosman, N. M., et L. P. Frieder. « Clearweld : welding of clear, coloured, or opaque thermoplastics ». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D : Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no 9 (1 septembre 2005) : 1069–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x34775.

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The Clearweld process is a through-transmission laser welding process that offers engineers unique design options. The absorbing material that enables the welding to be carried out is available as a coating or compounded into a resin. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of through-transmission laser welding and to describe the Clearweld process. Design considerations were included to assist engineering in the design of parts and joint geometries that are compatible with through-transmission laser welding. Guidelines for selecting coatings or dye compounding were also provided. An experiment comparing Clearwelding with solvent bonding of poly(methyl methacrylate) to polysulphone proved Clearweld strengths to be higher than solvent bonding.
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3

Wang, Zhen, Yun Shan Wang et Jian Bo Lei. « Study on Thermoplastic Materials and Absorbing Agent in Laser Transmission Welding ». Advanced Materials Research 337 (septembre 2011) : 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.337.406.

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Laser transmission welding of plastics is a joining technique which permits the welding of plastic parts with low process inherent thermal and small welding heat response area. It has high demand of process parameters and material characteristic. In order to study thermoplastic materials properties and ir-absorbing agent in laser transmission welding, experiments were taken under the same process parameters. The YAG laser Output power 200W, working distance 25mm, movement speed 10mm / s. Through the experimental results, we concluded that the different welding quality of different materials and absorbing agent, and analyzed its material characteristic reasons.
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4

Wang, Zhen, Yun Shan Wang et Jian Bo Lei. « Numerical Simulation of Transmission Laser-Welding Melting Depth on Thermoplastic ». Key Engineering Materials 522 (août 2012) : 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.68.

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The principle of laser welding of combined translucent thermoplastic and absorbance thermoplastics is that laser transmit through translucent material and shoot at laser absorptive material, where the material absorb energy and melt down to complete welding. This paper studied the applicability of basic law of laser transmission welding beam mechanism and light absorption process – Beer-Lamber Law to plastic materials. Numerical simulation model of melting depth was established. Single factor relevance curve and double factor relevance surface were drawn with MATLAB; Impact of laser power, distance between weld zone and lens and scanning speed to melting depth was quantitatively analyzed on melting depth, which provided effective reference for setting parameters in the experiment.
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5

Barma, John Deb, Asish Bandyopadhyay et Pradip Kumar Pal. « Parametric Optimization of Transmission Laser Welding Process Applying Taguchi Method ». Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (décembre 2012) : 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.294.

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Through Transmission Laser Welding (TTLW) of plastic material is an emerging area of research and welding of plastic. For better process control, extensive research work is necessary to explore various aspects of this relatively newer joining process for plastics. This will lead to more effect utilization of the process yielding better weld quality. This paper reports transmission laser welding on acrylic plastic materials by using a diode laser system. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been used to study the significance of the parameters on the performance of the welded joint. The results obtained from the pull test of the welded plastic plates have been used to with an objective to optimize the parameter settings used in the TTLW process by using Taguchi method.
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6

Zhong, Xue Jiao, Cai Lian Fan, Hui Xia Liu, Pin Li et Xiao Wang. « Light Scattering of HDPE and LDPE in Laser Transmission Welding ». Key Engineering Materials 667 (octobre 2015) : 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.667.95.

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Light scattering of the upper polymer have a great influence on welding quality. Light scattering of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) are assessed by constructing experiment and numerical computation method. Firstly, the beam quality of semiconductor laser is analyzed, power flux distribution of the laser beam in a defocused plane is measured by knife edge method; Afterwards, the power flux distributions of the laser beam after passing through HDPE/LDPE are measured by line scanning method; Lastly, with the combination of the mathematical model which is used to calculate scattering coefficient and standard deviation of scattering, scattering related parameters and the laser power flux distribution at the welding interface are obtained by writing a program in MATLAB. The results show that the light scattering coefficient of high density polyethylene is up to 0.988, the light scattering coefficient of low density polyethylene is 0.92; Higher crystalline polyethylene leads to more obvious light scattering; the laser beam power flux distribution at the weld interface affected by scattering is determined, which lays a solid foundation on numerical simulation in laser transmission welding.
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7

Seidl, Martin, Jiri Safka, Lubos Behalek et Iva Novakova. « THROUGH TRANSMISSION LASER WELDING PROCESS OPTIMIZATION FOR SEMICRYSTALLINE AND AMORPHOUS PLASTICS ». MM Science Journal 2020, no 4 (11 novembre 2020) : 4119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2020_11_2020042.

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8

Zhang Wei, 张卫, 张庆茂 Zhang Qingmao, 郭亮 Guo Liang et 张健 Zhang Jian. « Research on the Properties of Through-Transmission Laser Welding of Polycarbonate ». Chinese Journal of Lasers 39, no 7 (2012) : 0703001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201239.0703001.

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9

Mamuschkin, Viktor, Andre Haeusler, Christoph Engelmann, Alexander Olowinsky et Hubert Aehling. « Enabling pyrometry in absorber-free laser transmission welding through pulsed irradiation ». Journal of Laser Applications 29, no 2 (mai 2017) : 022409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.4983515.

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10

Ilie, M., V. Stoica, E. Cicala et J. C. Kneip. « Experimental design investigation of through-transmission laser welding of dissimilar polymers ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 1426 (janvier 2020) : 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1426/1/012045.

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11

Van de Ven, James D., et Arthur G. Erdman. « Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics—Part I : Temperature and Pressure Modeling ». Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no 5 (17 avril 2007) : 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2752527.

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This paper discusses the development of a model of laser transmission welding that can be used as an analytical design tool. Currently the majority of laser transmission welding (LTW) applications rely on trial and error to develop appropriate process parameters. A more rigorous design approach is not commonly used primarily due to the complexity of laser welding, where small material or process parameter changes can greatly affect the weld quality. The model developed in this paper also enables optimizing operating parameters while providing monetary and time saving benefits. The model is created from first principles of heat transfer and utilizes contact conduction that is a function of temperature and pressure, Gaussian laser distribution, and many material properties that vary with temperature including the absorption coefficient. The model is demonstrated through a design example of a joint between two polyvinyl chloride parts. The model is then validated with samples welded with a diode laser system using the operating parameters developed in a design example. Using the weld width as the primary output, the error between the model and the experimental results is 4.3%, demonstrating the accuracy of the model.
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12

Korycki, Adrian, Christian Garnier, Margot Bonmatin, Elisabeth Laurent et France Chabert. « Assembling of Carbon Fibre/PEEK Composites : Comparison of Ultrasonic, Induction, and Transmission Laser Welding ». Materials 15, no 18 (13 septembre 2022) : 6365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186365.

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In the present work, an ultrasonic, an induction, and a through transmission laser welding were compared to join carbon fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) composites. The advantages and drawbacks of each process are discussed, as well as the material properties required to fit each process. CF/PEEK plates were consolidated at 395 °C with an unidirectional sequence and cross-stacking ply orientation. In some configurations, a polyetherimide (PEI) layer or substrate was used. The thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of the materials were measured to highlight the specific properties required for each process. The drying conditions were defined as 150 °C during at least 8 h for PEI and 24 h for CF/PEEK to avoid defects due to water. The optical transmission factor of PEI is above 40% which makes it suitable for through transmission laser welding. The thermal conductivity of CF/PEEK is at most 55 W·(m·K)−1, which allows it to weld by induction without a metallic susceptor. Ultrasonic welding is the most versatile process as it does not necessitate any specific properties. Then, the mechanical resistance of the welds was measured by single lap shear. For CF/PEEK on CF/PEEK, the maximum lap shear strength (LSS) of 28.6 MPa was reached for a joint obtained by ultrasonic welding, while an induction one brought 17.6 MPa. The maximum LSS of 15.2 MPa was obtained for PEI on CF/PEEK assemblies by laser welding. Finally, interfacial resistances were correlated to the fracture modes through observations of the fractured surfaces. CF/PEEK on CF/PEEK joints resulted in mixed cohesive/adhesive failure at the interface and within the inner layers of both substrates. This study presents a guideline to select the suitable welding process when assembling composites for the aerospace industry.
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13

Dequine, Dustin L., Anthony Hoult, Brad Harju et Stephan Hoetzeldt. « Laser Through Transmission Welding of Non-pigmented Glass-pei to Carbon-pei ». SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 7, no 1 (17 septembre 2013) : 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-2215.

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14

Ilie, Mariana, Jean-Christophe Kneip, Simone Matteï, Alexandru Nichici, Claude Roze et Thierry Girasole. « Through-transmission laser welding of polymers – temperature field modeling and infrared investigation ». Infrared Physics & ; Technology 51, no 1 (juillet 2007) : 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2007.02.003.

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15

Mayboudi, L. S., A. M. Birk, G. Zak et P. J. Bates. « Laser Transmission Welding of a Lap-Joint : Thermal Imaging Observations and three–dimensional Finite Element Modeling ». Journal of Heat Transfer 129, no 9 (23 janvier 2007) : 1177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2740307.

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Laser transmission welding (LTW) is a relatively new technology for joining plastic parts. This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) transient thermal model of LTW solved with the finite element method. A lap-joint geometry was modeled for unreinforced polyamide (PA) 6 specimens. This thermal model addressed the heating and cooling stages in a laser welding process with a stationary laser beam. This paper compares the temperature distribution of a lap-joint geometry exposed to a stationary diode laser beam, obtained from 3D thermal modeling with thermal imaging observations. It is shown that the thermal model is capable of accurately predicting the temperature distribution when laser beam scattering during transmission through the polymer is included in the model. The weld dimensions obtained from the model have been compared with the experimental data and are in good agreement.
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16

Xu, Ke, Haichao Cui et Fuquan Li. « Connection Mechanism of Molten Pool during Laser Transmission Welding of T-Joint with Minor Gap Presence ». Materials 11, no 10 (25 septembre 2018) : 1823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101823.

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Laser welding of T-joint transmitting from the face plate to the core is commonly used in the sandwich structure preparation. Minor gaps between the face and the core plate are inevitably present after several beads on the sandwich structure welding due to the thermal deformation. The effects of gap presence on fluid flow from the face to the core plate are rather significant, where the gas can be easily entrapped into the pool and form the pores. To this end, three-dimensional transient simulations based on VOF (volume of fluid) method were conducted to explore and ascertain the effect of fluid flow inside the pool on the pore formation due to the gap presence. It was found that minor gap within 0.2 mm will not reduce the welding quality. Under the effects of gravity and surface tension, the fluid from the face sheet will drop down to the core, which removes all the air out of the gap and the laser goes through the fluid of the gap and then shines on the core, which prevents the air from being entrapped into the pool. While the laser goes though gap, the wall of keyhole opens and closes continuously. The vibrating time of keyhole is approximately 0.029 s. After finishing the vibration, the welding is stable, which is the same as common unfull penetration. Finally, the simulated results are well verified through observing the plasma oscillating frequency in the gap and comparing to the pore-free bead profile. This paper supplies evidence that minor gap presence during laser transmitting welding on sandwich structure has nothing to do with pore formation.
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17

Zhu, Dezhi, et Jianfeng Yan. « Femtosecond Pulse Laser Near-Field Ablation of Ag Nanorods ». Applied Sciences 9, no 3 (22 janvier 2019) : 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030363.

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Ag nanorods (Ag NRs) with a mean aspect ratio of 3.9 were prepared through a wet-chemical method, and the absorption spectra for various aspect ratios were obtained. The morphology transformation of Ag NRs irradiated with a femtosecond pulse laser was investigated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The near-field ablation was dependent on the laser polarization and wavelength. Laser-induced high electric field intensity was observed at the ends, middle, and junctions of the Ag NRs under various ablation conditions. Through simulation, the evolution mechanism was analyzed in detail. The effect of laser polarization angle on plasmonic junction welding was also investigated. By controlling the electronic field distribution, several nanostructures were obtained: bone-shaped NRs, T-shaped NRs, dimers, trimers, curved NRs, and nanodots. This study suggests a potentially useful approach for the reshaping, cutting, and welding of nanostructures.
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18

Kumar, Nitesh, Nikhil Kumar et Asish Bandyopadhyay. « A State-of-the-Art Review of Laser Welding of Polymers - Part I : Welding Parameters ». Welding Journal 100, no 7 (1 juillet 2021) : 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.29391/2021.100.019.

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Polymers are widely used in automotive parts and fields like mechatronics and biomedical engineering because of their excellent properties, such as high durability and light weight. Welding of polymers has grown to be an important field of research due to its relevance among products of everyday life. Through transmission laser welding (TTLW) has been frequently selected by the contemporary re-searchers in the field of welding as it is relatively modern and more efficient than other welding processes. This pa-per reviews the influence of different processing parameters, including laser power, scanning speed, standoff distance, and clamping pressure. The present article is expected to provide the reader with a comprehensive under-standing of TTLW and research on the aforementioned four welding parameters in TTLW. The significance of finite element modeling, a few simulation studies, different optimization approaches, morphological characteristics, and other behaviors of laser welded polymers will be included in the next part of the review.
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Kumar, Nitesh, Nikhil Kumar et Asish Bandyopadhyay. « Optimization of Pulsed Nd:YVO4 Through Transmission Laser Welding of Transparent Acrylic and Polycarbonate ». Materials Today : Proceedings 5, no 2 (2018) : 5235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.106.

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20

Fernandes, Fábio A. O., António B. Pereira, Bernardo Guimarães et Tiago Almeida. « Laser Welding of Transmitting High-Performance Engineering Thermoplastics ». Polymers 12, no 2 (10 février 2020) : 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020402.

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Laser processing is a rapidly growing key technology driven by several advantages such as cost and performance. Laser welding presents numerous advantages in comparison with other welding technologies, providing high reliability and cost-effective solutions. Significant interest in this technology, combined with the increasing demand for high-strength lightweight structures has led to an increasing interest in joining high-performance engineering thermoplastics by employing laser technologies. Laser transmission welding is the base method usually employed to successfully join two polymers, a transmitting one through which the laser penetrates, and another one responsible for absorbing the laser radiation, resulting in heat and melting of the two components. In this work, the weldability of solely transmitting high-performance engineering thermoplastic is analyzed. ERTALON® 6 SA, in its white version, is welded by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Tensile tests were performed in order to evaluate the quality of each joint by assessing its strength. A numerical model of the joint is also developed to support the theoretical approaches employed to justify the experimental observations.
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Yan, Zhang, You Yu Lin, Hui Xia Liu, Pin Li et Ye Cai. « Molten Depth Modeling of Laser Transmission Welding Based on Temperature Distribution of Moving Point Heat Source ». Key Engineering Materials 620 (août 2014) : 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.620.23.

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Laser transmission welding (LTW) is a new and efficient technology. During LTW of polymers, the size and morphology of the weld have great influence on the welding quality. In order to better evaluate the welding quality and optimize process parameters, many researches on the morphology and mathematical analytical model of the molten pool have been conducted. This study attempts to build an analytical model for calculating the depth of the molten pool (molten depth), based on the temperature field distribution theory of the moving point heat source acting on the semi-infinite body. The influence of the welding power and welding speed on the molten depth is studied emphatically. The mathematical analytical model is solved through MATLAB mathematical software. Subsequently, the test experiment about LTW of PA66 is conducted to validate the model. During the test experiment, the upper layer contains 30 wt. % glass fibers (GF) and the bottom layer contains 30 wt. % carbon fiber (CF). The result shows that the mathematical analytical model can well predict the trend of the molten depth. However, the error exists indeed. The detailed analysis about the error is also made in this article.
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22

Grewell, David, Paul Rooney et Val A. Kagan. « Relationship between Optical Properties and Optimized Processing Parameters for through-Transmission Laser Welding of Thermoplastics ». Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 23, no 3 (février 2004) : 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684404030732.

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Kumar, Nikhil, Ramesh Rudrapati et Pradip Kumar Pal. « Multi-objective Optimization in through Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics Using Grey-based Taguchi Method ». Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014) : 2178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.423.

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Jiang, Shibin. « Pulsed 2 Micron Wavelength Fiber Lasers for Packaging ». Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, DPC (1 janvier 2014) : 002105–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2014dpc-tha33.

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Fiber laser sources near 2um wavelength have attracted intense interest in recent years because of the combination of high laser efficiency, strong absorption of many visible transparent materials, outstanding reliability, as well as retina safety. In this presentation, we report our latest developments of various 2um fiber lasers at AdValue Photonics for packaging applications, especially Q-switched and mode-locked 2um fiber lasers using our proprietary infrared glass fiber technology. We demonstrated and commercialized the first all-fiber Q-switched single-frequency laser at a wavelength near 2um using our proprietary rare-earth doped gain fibers. The laser pulsewidth can be 20ns and 180ns, and the peak power can be more than 10kW. Most transparent plastic materials have a relatively strong absorption near 2 micron wavelength, so 2 micron Q-switched fiber laser is one of the ideal laser for transparent plastic welding, marking, cutting, and drilling. Silicon has a good optical transmission near 2 micron wavelength, which allows 2 micron Q-switched to process the material after pass through the silicon wafer as well as remove residual materials containing any organic components. In this presentation we will describe detailed experimental results and present material processing samples for packaging applications.
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Liu, Yuxuan, Wuxiang Zhang, Junyan Liu, Yingchun Guan et Xilun Ding. « Study on microstructures and mechanical performance of laser transmission welding of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) ». Journal of Laser Applications 34, no 4 (novembre 2022) : 042037. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/7.0000823.

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The reliable assembly of poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR-PEEK) is crucial to effective load transfer within lightweight and high-stiffness structures, which are commonly demanded in aeronautical, automobile, and medical industries. In this work, laser transmission welding of PEEK and CFR-PEEK has been performed by using a 1070 nm Nd:YAG fiber laser. The effects of process parameters including laser power, laser scanning speed, and clamping pressure on joining quality have been investigated via mechanical, morphological, and thermal characterization. Results show that strong bonds have been formed by entanglements of polymer chains at the joining interface and the mechanical embedment between carbon fibers and PEEK. The formation mechanisms of bubble defects have been classified into three types. One of them was eliminated by scanning the joints twice, which significantly improved joints' mechanical performance and hermeticity with the maximum joining strength reaching 11.6 MPa. Also, a comparative study between PEEK/PEEK and PEEK/CFR-PEEK joints shows that the existence of carbon fibers within the CFR-PEEK significantly increased joints' decomposition threshold, joining region, and strength due to their great thermal conductivity. Besides, the influence of the welding process on the crystallinity of PEEK was analyzed, which was then improved from 11.7% to 34.1% through annealing.
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Wang, Xiao, Hao Chen, Huixia Liu, Pin Li, Zhang Yan, Chuang Huang, Zhenuan Zhao et Yuxuan Gu. « Simulation and optimization of continuous laser transmission welding between PET and titanium through FEM, RSM, GA and experiments ». Optics and Lasers in Engineering 51, no 11 (novembre 2013) : 1245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2013.04.021.

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Potente, H., G. Fiegler, H. Haferkamp, M. Fargas, A. von Busse et J. Bunte. « An approach to model the melt displacement and temperature profiles during the laser through-transmission welding of thermoplastics ». Polymer Engineering & ; Science 46, no 11 (2006) : 1565–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.20638.

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Gisario, Annamaria, Clizia Aversa, Massimiliano Barletta, Stefano Natali et Francesco Veniali. « Laser transmission welding of aluminum film coated with heat sealable co-polyester resin with polypropylene films for applications in food and drug packaging ». International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 120, no 3-4 (21 février 2022) : 2291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-022-08907-9.

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AbstractThe present work deals with the high-power diode laser joining process of aluminum films coated with a polyester resin with polypropylene (PP) films. The first part of the work focused on analyzing the coating process of aluminum films with a polyester resin, using an automatic applicator. The second part of the work was focused on the analysis of the laser joining process of coated aluminum films with plastic counterparts made of PP. Different thicknesses and colors of the PP parts were tested in order to analyze the joining process under a wide range of different conditions. The experimental plan involved the study of the influence of the laser joining parameters, in particular the scanning speed and beam power, on the joints. The joints between aluminum and PP films were subsequently tested by means of tensile and peel-off tests. All the joints between aluminum and PP are obtained through the so-called laser transmission welding (LTW) mechanism. Analysis of the mechanical response of the welded joints allowed to identify the optimal processing window, that is, the choice of the operational parameters that leads to satisfactory welded joints, stating the high potential of laser systems in the joining process of aluminum and PP films for food packaging applications.
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Xu, Bin, Shinichi Tashiro, Fan Jiang, Shujun Chen et Manabu Tanaka. « Effect of Arc Pressure on the Digging Process in Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding of A5052P Aluminum Alloy ». Materials 12, no 7 (1 avril 2019) : 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071071.

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The keyhole digging process associated with variable polarity plasma arc (VPPA) welding remains unclear, resulting in poor control of welding stability. The VPPA pressure directly determines the dynamics of the keyhole and weld pool in the digging process. Here, through a high speed camera, high frequency pulsed diode laser light source and X-ray transmission imaging system, we reveal the potential physical phenomenon of a keyhole weld pool. The keyhole depth changes periodically corresponding to the polarity conversion period if the current is same in the electrode negative (EN) phase and electrode positive (EP) phase. There exist three distinct regimes of keyhole and weld pool behavior in the whole digging process, due to the arc pressure attenuation and energy accumulation effect. The pressure in the EP phase is smaller than that of the EN phase, causing the fluctuation of the weld pool free surface. Based on the influence mechanism of energy and momentum transaction, the arc pressure output is balanced by separately adjusting the current in each polarity. Finally, the keyhole fluctuation during the digging process is successfully reduced and welding stability is well controlled.
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Fu, Min, Jiawei Wang, Zhixian Li, Weiyi Yuan, Zefeng Wang et Zilun Chen. « Research on Adjustable Ring-Mode Fiber Signal Combiner ». Photonics 10, no 2 (12 février 2023) : 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020195.

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Nowadays, fiber laser has been widely used in industrial processing, especially in welding, cutting and other fields, and the appearance of adjustable ring-mode fiber laser improves effectively the quality of processing. In this paper, a (6 + 1) × 1 adjustable ring-mode fiber signal combiner is developed based on the technology of fiber cladding corrosion. The test results show that under the same injection condition, the beam quality transmitted through the central port of the combiner is degraded by only 8.3% compared with that transmitted through a single 50/250 μm fiber. It is proven to be feasible to maintain the beam quality of the (6 + 1) × 1 combiner by fiber corrosion technology. In order to improve the power of the central port of the (6 + 1) × 1 adjustable ring-mode combiner, a 3 × 1 fiber signal combiner and the central port of (6 + 1) × 1 combiner are cascaded. The output beam quality is M2 = 4.45 and the overall transmission efficiency is greater than 95%. This combiner can choose the mode of the output beam according to the actual application requirements, so as to achieve a better application effect.
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31

Kumar, D. Harish, A. Somi Reddy, P. Parameswaran, T. Jaya Kumar, M. Nandagopal, K. Laha, Panneer Selvi, T. Sakthivel, K. Gururaj et G. Padmanabhan. « Thermo-Mechanical Characterization of Laser Weld 316L(N) Stainless Steel ». Mechanical Engineering Research 3, no 1 (23 janvier 2013) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v3n1p77.

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316L(N) stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel variety strengthened by nitrogen through solid solution hardening. The effects of nitrogen on the mechanical properties of 316L(N) SS have not been studied extensively in the past and is the study of current research. The nitrogen content when added to 316L stainless steel in the range 0.07 wt% - 0.21 wt% improves room temperature and high temperature mechanical properties. The loss in strength due to reduced carbon content in 316L(N) SS can be more or less compensated by the addition of nitrogen. Laser welded joints have been fabricated on 316(L)N SS using CO2 laser protecting the environment by employing nitrogen shielding and tested the welded joints under tension at room temperature and at 650 ?C (923 K). In the as - welded condition Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) revealed the presence of the deformation bands, high density of dislocations and carbides or carbo -nitrides on dislocations near the grain boundary regions which may be in the Heat-Affected Zone(HAZ). At both the test temperatures failure occurred in the base metal by transgranuler mode with the nucleation of cavities. In the present work, laser welding process has proved to be effective in producing satisfactory welded joints.
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32

Lan, Liangyun, Zhiyuan Chang et Penghui Fan. « Exploring the Difference in Bainite Transformation with Varying the Prior Austenite Grain Size in Low Carbon Steel ». Metals 8, no 12 (24 novembre 2018) : 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8120988.

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The simulation welding thermal cycle technique was employed to generate different sizes of prior austenite grains. Dilatometry tests, in situ laser scanning confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the role of prior austenite grain size on bainite transformation in low carbon steel. The bainite start transformation (Bs) temperature was reduced by fine austenite grains (lowered by about 30 °C under the experimental conditions). Through careful microstructural observation, it can be found that, besides the Hall–Petch strengthening effect, the carbon segregation at the fine austenite grain boundaries is probably another factor that decreases the Bs temperature as a result of the increase in interfacial energy of nucleation. At the early stage of the transformation, the bainite laths nucleate near to the grain boundaries and grow in a “side-by-side” mode in fine austenite grains, whereas in coarse austenite grains, the sympathetic nucleation at the broad side of the pre-existing laths causes the distribution of bainitic ferrite packets to be interlocked.
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33

Tremsin, Anton S., Supriyo Ganguly, Sonia M. Meco, Goncalo R. Pardal, Takenao Shinohara et W. Bruce Feller. « Investigation of dissimilar metal welds by energy-resolved neutron imaging ». Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no 4 (9 juin 2016) : 1130–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716006725.

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A nondestructive study of the internal structure and compositional gradient of dissimilar metal-alloy welds through energy-resolved neutron imaging is described in this paper. The ability of neutrons to penetrate thick metal objects (up to several cm) provides a unique possibility to examine samples which are opaque to other conventional techniques. The presence of Bragg edges in the measured neutron transmission spectra can be used to characterize the internal residual strain within the samples and some microstructural features,e.g.texture within the grains, while neutron resonance absorption provides the possibility to map the degree of uniformity in mixing of the participating alloys and intermetallic formation within the welds. In addition, voids and other defects can be revealed by the variation of neutron attenuation across the samples. This paper demonstrates the potential of neutron energy-resolved imaging to measure all these characteristics simultaneously in a single experiment with sub-mm spatial resolution. Two dissimilar alloy welds are used in this study: Al autogenously laser welded to steel, and Ti gas metal arc welded (GMAW) to stainless steel using Cu as a filler alloy. The cold metal transfer variant of the GMAW process was used in joining the Ti to the stainless steel in order to minimize the heat input. The distributions of the lattice parameter and texture variation in these welds as well as the presence of voids and defects in the melt region are mapped across the welds. The depth of the thermal front in the Al–steel weld is clearly resolved and could be used to optimize the welding process. A highly textured structure is revealed in the Ti to stainless steel joint where copper was used as a filler wire. The limited diffusion of Ti into the weld region is also verified by the resonance absorption.
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34

Wang Xiao, 王霄, 张惠中 Zhang Huizhong, 丁国民 Ding Guomin, 季进清 Ji Jinqing et 刘会霞 Liu Huixia. « Laser Transmission Welding Polypropylene Plastics ». Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no 3 (2008) : 466–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083503.0466.

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35

Fuhrberg, Peter, Anja Ahrens, Andreas Schkutow et Thomas Frick. « 2.0 μm Laser Transmission Welding ». PhotonicsViews 17, no 2 (avril 2020) : 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phvs.202000013.

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36

Ahn, Young-Nam, et Cheol-Hee Kim. « Laser Welding of Automotive Transmission Components ». Journal of the Korean Welding and Joining Society 29, no 6 (31 décembre 2011) : 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/kwjs.2011.29.6.665.

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37

Kumar R, Girish, Abhay Agarwal, Utkarsha Mohan et Shounak Dey. « Study on Effect of Laser Process Parameters on Laser Transmission Weld Parameters using ANSYS ». Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no 07 (21 juillet 2021) : 1050–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/07264.

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In recent years, a mode of welding that has garnered a considerable amount of interest is the laser transmission welding of thermoplastics. Laser transmission welding is now being used as an alternative to adhesives to join two thermoplastics. In this study, a finite element model has been developed to simulate the laser transmission welding of polypropylene. The movement of the laser beam was done using a Moving Heat Source in Ansys®. Process parameters namely laser power, welding speed, and the number of passes have been studied in order to investigate their effects on the temperatures and the weld widths achieved during welding. It was found that an increase in the laser power had a positive effect on the maximum temperature at the weld interface as well as the weld width. Similarly, an increase in the welding speed had a negative influence on the maximum temperature at the weld interface as well as the weld width.
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38

Devrient, M., T. Frick et M. Schmidt. « Laser transmission welding of optical transparent thermoplastics ». Physics Procedia 12 (2011) : 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2011.03.020.

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39

Jaeschke, Peter, Dirk Herzog et Michael Hustedt. « Thermography Aids Development of Laser Transmission Welding ». Plastics Engineering 65, no 7 (juillet 2009) : 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2009.tb01992.x.

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40

Borges, Malte. « Transmission Laser Welding of Large Plastic Components ». Laser Technik Journal 13, no 5 (octobre 2016) : 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/latj.201600035.

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41

Prabhakaran, R., M. Kontopoulou, G. Zak, P. J. Bates et B. K. Baylis. « Contour Laser – Laser-Transmission Welding of Glass Reinforced Nylon 6 ». Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 19, no 4 (juillet 2006) : 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705706062200.

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42

Li, Pin, Xingwen Xu, Wensheng Tan, Huixia Liu et Xiao Wang. « Improvement of Laser Transmission Welding of Glass with Titanium Alloy by Laser Surface Treatment ». Materials 11, no 10 (22 octobre 2018) : 2060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11102060.

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Laser surface treatment of the titanium alloy was locally oxidized on the metal surface to improve the joint strength of laser transmission welding of high borosilicate glass with titanium alloy. The results find that the welding strength was increased 5 times. The welding mechanism was investigated by the morphology of the welded parts, the tensile-fracture failure mode, the diffusion of the interface elements, and the surface free energy. The results show that there are many adherents between the titanium alloy and high borosilicate glass after tensile fracture, the welding strength was higher when the laser voltage was 460 V, and the tensile–fracture failure mode is mainly ductile fracture. Element-line scanning analysis revealed that elemental diffusion occurred in the two materials, which is an important reason for the high welding strength. Surface free-energy analysis shows that laser surface treatment improves the surface free energy of titanium alloy, promotes the wettability and compatibility, and increases the welding strength of titanium alloy with glass.
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43

Katayama, Seiji, Yasuaki Naito, Satoru Uchiumi et Masami Mizutani. « Laser-Arc Hybrid Welding ». Solid State Phenomena 127 (septembre 2007) : 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.127.295.

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Hybrid welding of stainless steels or aluminum alloys was performed using the heat sources of YAG laser and TIG, or YAG laser and MIG, respectively. The effects of welding conditions and melt flows on penetration depth, weld bead geometry and bubble/porosity formation were investigated with X-ray transmission real-time observation method. A great effect of melt flows on penetration depth and weld geometry was consequently confirmed. Concerning porosity suppression in YAG-TIG hybrid welding of stainless steel, no bubble generation was attributed to no porosity formation. On the other hand, it was revealed that the disappearance of bubbles from the concave molten pool surface played an important role of no porosity in YAG laser-MIG hybrid welding of aluminum alloys.
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44

Van de Ven, James D., et Arthur G. Erdman. « Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastics—Part II : Experimental Model Validation ». Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no 5 (3 mai 2007) : 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2752832.

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Two laser transmission welding experiments involving polyvinyl chloride are presented that aim to validate a previously presented welding model while helping to further understand the relationship between welding parameters and weld quality. While numerous previous research papers have presented the results of laser welding experiments, there exists minimal work validating models of the welding process. The first experiment explores the interaction of laser power and welding velocity while the second experiment explores the influence of clamping pressure. Using the weld width as the primary model output, the agreement between the welding experiments and the model have an average error of 5.6%. This finding strongly supports the validity of the model presented in Part I of this two paper set (Van de Ven and Erdman, 2007, ASME J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., 129, pp. 849–858). Additional information was gained regarding the operating window for laser transmission welding and the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride. Clamping pressure was found to provide a small, but not statistically significant, influence on the visual appearance, weld width, and weld strength.
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45

Singare, Sekou, Sheng Gui Chen, Jian Jun Zou et Nan Li. « Laser Transmission Welding of Thermoplastic : Experimental Investigation Using Polycarbonate ». Advanced Materials Research 1091 (février 2015) : 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1091.63.

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The use of lasers for joining plastics is growing. Several different approaches are being developed for laser welding of plastics. The main principle now used to laser-weld plastics is known as “transmission welding.” Transmission welding has demonstrated that precise, controllable heating and melting of low melting point thermoplastics can be produced at the interface between a transmissive and an absorptive plastic. [1-8]
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46

Lei Jianbo, 雷剑波, 王镇 Wang Zhen, 王云山 Wang Yunshan et 张传鹏 Zhang Chuanpeng. « Experiment Study of Laser Transmission Welding of Polymethylmethacrylate ». Chinese Journal of Lasers 40, no 1 (2013) : 0103006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl201340.0103006.

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47

Liu, Hankun, Huixia Liu, Wei Xu, Hao Wang et Xiao Wang. « Laser transmission welding of PMMA to alumina ceramic ». Ceramics International 48, no 8 (avril 2022) : 11018–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.12.322.

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48

Wu, Jing, Song Lu, Hong-Jian Wang, Yan Wang, Feng-Bin Xia et Jin-Wang. « A review on laser transmission welding of thermoplastics ». International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 116, no 7-8 (9 juillet 2021) : 2093–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07519-z.

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49

Prabhakaran, R., M. Kontopoulou, G. Zak, P. J. Bates et V. Sidiropoulos. « Simulation of Heat Transfer in Laser Transmission Welding ». International Polymer Processing 20, no 4 (1 août 2005) : 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2005-0069.

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Abstract A numerical simulation of the heat transfer during laser transmission welding is presented. A finite difference approach was used to solve the one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction problem and to investigate the effect of welding conditions on the time-dependent temperature profiles for PA 6. For the needs of the simulation, the process was divided into heating and heat redistribution periods. The absorption coefficient of the laser-transparent part was measured experimentally and that of the laser-absorbing part was fitted using experimental data. The predicted temperature profiles were combined with experimental meltdown data to estimate the heat-affected zone thickness in the welded specimens. Good agreement was found between the estimated and measured heat-affected zone thickness values.
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Jiao Junke, 焦俊科, 江桦锐 Jiang Huarui, 周广兵 Zhou Guangbing et 白小波 Bai Xiaobo. « Experimental Study on Laser Transmission Welding of PMMA ». Laser & ; Optoelectronics Progress 50, no 5 (2013) : 051401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop50.051401.

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