Articles de revues : « Third family squarks »

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LIU, CHUN. « QUARK MASS HIERARCHY AND CP VIOLATION IN LOW ENERGY SUPERSYMMETRY ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, n^o 23 (20 septembre 1996) : 4307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96002005.

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A pattern of quark mass hierarchy and CP violation within the framework of low energy supersymmetry is described. By assuming some discrete symmetry among the three families, the quarks of the third family obtain masses at tree level. The second family obtains masses radiatively at one-loop level due to the soft breaking of the family symmetry. At this level, the first family remains massless by some degeneracy conditions of the squarks. As a result of R parity violation, the sneutrino vacuum expectation values are nonvanishing. CP violation occurs through the superweak sneutrino exchange. This picture is consistent with the experiments on the flavor-changing neutral current.

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Janzen, B. L., Nazeem Muhajarine et I. W. Kelly. « Work-Family Conflict, and Psychological Distress in Men and Women among Canadian Police Officers ». Psychological Reports 100, n^o 2 (avril 2007) : 556–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.2.556-562.

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The present study examined the relations among sex, work-family conflict, and psychological distress in 78 Canadian police officers (50 men and 28 women). The average age of the officers was 36.1 yr. ( SD= 8.0), and nearly one-third of the respondents had been in policing 16 years or more. Ordinary least-squares regression was conducted to examine the association of Psychological Distress scores, as measured by the K6, with four types of work-family conflict: Time-based Work-to-Family Conflict, Time-based Family-to-Work Conflict, Strain-based Work-to-Family Conflict, and Strain-based Family-to-Work Conflict. Being single and having higher perceived Strain-based Work-to-Family Conflict were associated with greater scores on Psychological Distress. No statistically significant sex differences emerged in the self-reported type or direction of work-family conflict or in the factors associated with Psychological Distress.

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Diéguez-Soto, Julio, María J. Martínez-Romero, Maarten Corten et Anneleen Michiels. « The impact of the CEO's financial literacy on family SMEs' growth : the moderating role of generational stage ». Baltic Journal of Management 17, n^o 1 (27 octobre 2021) : 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bjm-01-2021-0003.

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PurposeThis study investigates the impact of the CEO's financial literacy on family SMEs' growth, as well as the moderating role of the generational stage on this relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on survey data of Spanish private family firms and utilizes a second source of data, the SABI database by Bureau Van Dijk. The authors run ordinary least squares regressions and use both the base and the partition approaches to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe analysis reveals a positive association between the CEO's financial literacy and firm growth. However, this relationship is not uniform across generations. The CEO's financial literacy-firm growth relationship becomes weaker for first- and third or subsequent-generation family firms while becoming stronger for second-generation family firms.Originality/valueThis study adds the financial literacy of the CEO as a novel individual-level determinant of family firm growth. It also shows that CEOs do not always use their financial literacy to its full potential to foster growth. More specifically, the extent to which financial literacy leads to firm growth is found to be conditional on the generational stage of the family SME. The obtained findings are valuable for family SMEs intending to hire a new CEO, encouraging the financial literacy of the current CEO and educating the next generation of family members.

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Byun, Joosoo, et Chanran Seo. « Needs and Status of Family Support Programs at the Gwanak-gu Family Center during the COVID-19 Pandemic ». Society for the Study of Family Policy 2, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2022) : 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52946/jfp.2022.2.2.1.

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This study aimed to analyze the needs and status of family support programs at the Gwanak-gu Family Center in the context of COVID-19. An online survey targeting Gwanak-gu residents between the ages of 20 and 60 was conducted between September and October 2021. Descriptive statistics, a chi-squared test, a t-test, and a one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data gathered from 506 participants. The results of this study are as follows. First, after the COVID-19 pandemic, the numbers of male, single (unmarried), and single-person household participants increased. Second, demand for “me”-related programs, such as self-discovery, self-management, and hobbies, was generally high. Third, demand for “me”-related programs was the highest among the group that had never previously used the Family Center. Fourth, although women with children in preschool were highly satisfied with the non-face-to-face method, no significant difference was found in the satisfaction between the face-to-face and non-face-to-face methods. The results also showed that most respondents did not have a strong preference for either the face-to-face or non-face-to-face methods. Fifth, in educational programs, there was a high preference for the non-face-to-face method, while in programs emphasizing communication, experience, and exchange, there was a high preference for the face-to-face method. The findings indicate that it is necessary to adjust program themes and operation methods by tailoring them to the characteristics and needs of the target population and considering regional characteristics when developing new programs.

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KOLCHUNOV, VL I., A. I. DEMYANOV et M. V. PROTCHENKO. « MOMENTS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES UNDER BENDING WITH TORSION ». Building and reconstruction 95, n^o 3 (2021) : 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2021-95-3-27-46.

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The moments in reinforced concrete during bending with torsion were determined, the new first hypothesis of linear deformations and its filling of the diagram during bending with torsion for the analytical second functional as a function of three functions - an exponent, a straight line and a parabola curve. A simple new method is found (from the family of mesh methods) and a summed function of additional deplanation is proposed. The new second hypothesis of angular deformations and its filling of the diagram in reinforced concrete during bending with torsion is constructed. The analytical first general undefined functional is a function of functions, as well as transitions, operations between functions. At the same time, a spatial triple integral of arguments from longitudinal deformations for the first hypothesis was obtained, as well as the third and fourth functionals (indefinite and definite) from moments (bending and twisting) with the projection of the coefficients of the diagram of "deformations - stresses" of compressed concrete and the filling coefficients of the diagrams of compressed concrete for their shoulders to the neutral axis for a field of small squares. The bending and torque moments from the compressed area of concrete and working reinforcement are determined (folded for their levels or expanded into algebraic functions from the synthesis of the computational model of reinforced concrete blocks). In this case, we have new functionals (from the first to the fourth functional), proposed hypotheses (first and second), as well as cross sections (from small squares) to a spatial crack. There are also jumps (cracks) lateral, normal, etc., from the first - third stage of average deformations of concrete and working reinforcement.

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NasiriZiba, Fariba, et Shadie Kanani. « The Effect of Education with a Family-Centered and Client-Centered Approach on the Quality of Life in Patients with Stoma ». Journal of Caring Sciences 9, n^o 4 (9 janvier 2019) : 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jcs.2020.034.

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Introduction:Colorectal cancer is known as the third leading cause of death from cancer in the world and the second cause of death in developing countries. Family care can positively affect the patient's general health system. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the effect of family-centered and client-centered training approaches on the life quality of individuals with digestive ostomy. Methods: This is a semi-experimental study conducted on 60 individuals. The individuals participating in the present study were chosen from either those with digestive ostomy or their attendants. The participants fulfilled the requirements (criteria) for entering the present study. For conducting the training procedure, both groups received family-centered or client-centered training. Two months later, the quality of life of the individuals with digestive ostomy was measured once more. The data were then analyzed in SPSS ver.21 by using chi-squared test, paired t-test, and independent t-test. Results: According to the findings of the present study, there is no significant difference between the family-centered and the client-centered groups in terms of demographic features. By investigating the mean changes of both groups, There was a significant difference between quality of life score and spiritual-psychological aspect of scores before and after the intervention in the family-centered group. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that family-centered education can increase the quality of life for people with gastrointestinal ostomy. This study concluded that family-centered education can be considered an effective intervention in people with gastrointestinal ostomy.

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Brito Fernandes, Óscar, Armin Lucevic, Márta Péntek, Dionne Kringos, Niek Klazinga, László Gulácsi, Zsombor Zrubka et Petra Baji. « Self-Reported Waiting Times for Outpatient Health Care Services in Hungary : Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey on a National Representative Sample ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 5 (24 février 2021) : 2213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052213.

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(1) Background: System-level data on waiting time in the outpatient setting in Hungary is scarce. The objective of the study was to explore self-reported waiting time for an appointment and at a doctor’s office. (2) Methods: An online, cross-sectional, self-administered survey was carried out in 2019 in Hungary among a representative sample (n = 1000) of the general adult population. Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were carried out to explore if socioeconomic characteristics, health status, or residence were associated with waiting times and the perception of waiting time as a problem. (3) Results: Proportions of 90%, 41%, and 64% of respondents were seen within a week by family doctor, public specialist, and private specialist, respectively. One-third of respondents waited more than a month to get an appointment with a public specialist. Respondents in better health status reported shorter waiting times; those respondents were less likely to perceive a problem with: (1) waiting time to get an appointment (OR = 0.400) and (2) waiting time at a doctor’s office (OR = 0.519). (4) Conclusions: Longest waiting times were reported for public specialist visits, but waiting times were favorable for family doctors and private specialists. Further investigation is needed to better understand potential inequities affecting people in worse health status.

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Aumeboonsuke, Vesarach. « Parents or peers, wealth or warmth ? The impact of social support, wealth, and a positive outlook on self-efficacy and happiness ». International Journal of Social Economics 44, n^o 6 (12 juin 2017) : 732–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0002.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between family wealth, positive outlook, and support from significant others, including parents and friends, on self-efficacy and happiness. Design/methodology/approach The impact of family wealth, social support, and positive outlook on self-efficacy and one’s own happiness is analyzed through the partial least squared method. Findings There are five essential points that can be drawn from the statistical results. First, parents’ support tends to be more important than friends’ support for individuals’ happiness. Second, individuals that receive more support from parents tend to develop a higher level of self-efficacy. Third, individuals that are in a less wealthy family tend to develop a higher level of self-efficacy. Fourth, parents’ support plays a more important role in developing a higher level of self-efficacy for individuals that are in a less wealthy family than for individuals that are in a wealthier family. Finally, the positive link between happiness and self-efficacy was stronger for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. Research limitations/implications In particular, although individuals in a wealthier family tend to exhibit a lower level of self-efficacy, and happiness alone had no significant impact on self-efficacy, happiness significantly promoted self-efficacy more for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. Social implications In conclusion, the results from this research provide essential recommendations for individuals regarding the approach to happiness and self-efficacy. The results indicated how significant the role of parents’ support is in one’s happiness and that support from parents is more important for one’s self-efficacy and happiness than support from friends. Furthermore, individuals should be aware that money is not the ultimate answer for happiness and self-efficacy. Individuals in less wealthy families were able to enjoy a higher level of self-efficacy given that they were receiving sufficient support from their parents. Originality/value This study found that although individuals in a wealthier family tend to exhibit a lower level of self-efficacy, and happiness alone has no significant impact on self-efficacy, happiness significantly promote self-efficacy more for individuals in a wealthier family than for individuals in a less wealthy family. However, in the less-wealthier family, parents play more significant role and can generate high level of self-efficacy for their children.

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Wen, Bob. « The Causal Effect of Growing up in a Two-Parent Household on Child’s Adult Earnings ». Journal of Business and Economic Studies 26, n^o 1 (26 mai 2022) : 23–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53462/cvmz1995.

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The children who grew up in two-parent households for their entire childhood earn more than the other children reared in non-intact parental families. The causal effect of growing up in a twoparent household on the child’s adult earnings is the hourly earnings difference between the children who grew up in intact families and their counterparts raised by parents who have ever divorced, separated, or widowed, holding relevant factors constant and accounting for endogeneity issues. I identify the causal effect by using the following specification strategies. First, I control the parental income and educational attainment, along with the child’s demographic characteristics (gender, age, race, region, and tenure), to disentangle the childhood family intactness effect from the other parental influence. Second, I take into account the unobserved clan-specific heterogeneity, such as family traditions and genetic characteristics, by fitting the clan fixed effects (FE) models. Third, I use two instrumental variables (IVs), the state divorce rate and the no-fault divorce law effectiveness, for the endogenous childhood family structure and adopt the two-stage least squares (2SLS) approach to further alleviate the omitted variable bias. The estimates are around 0.16, suggesting that the children who grew up in a twoparent household earn about 16% more in adulthood than their counterparts from non-intact families, other things equal. The effect goes through three channels. The child’s education, health, and marital behavior are the mediator variables representing the three observable channels through which childhood family intactness affects the child’s adult earnings. The effect of growing up in a two-parent family on the child’s adult earnings varies with parental income and education. The effect is larger and more significant for sons than for daughters. The heterogeneous pattern of the effect is consistent with the parental utility maximization model’s predictions. Growing up in a two-parent household not only has a positive and significant effect on the child’s adult earnings in absolute values, but it also encourages intergenerational relativeearnings improvement. An intact childhood family lowers the probability of the intergenerational relative-earnings worsening by 6.72% and increases the probability of the intergenerational relative-earnings improvement by 6.67%.

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Babajee, D. K. R., et V. C. Jaunky. « Applications of Higher-Order Optimal Newton Secant Iterative Methods in Ocean Acidification and Investigation of Long-Run Implications of CO2 Emissions on Alkalinity of Seawater ». ISRN Applied Mathematics 2013 (29 mai 2013) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/785287.

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The Newton secant method is a third-order iterative nonlinear solver. It requires two function and one first derivative evaluations. However, it is not optimal as it does not satisfy the Kung-Traub conjecture. In this work, we derive an optimal fourth-order Newton secant method with the same number of function evaluations using weight functions and we show that it is a member of the King family of fourth-order methods. We also obtain an eighth-order optimal Newton-secant method. We prove the local convergence of the methods. We apply the methods to solve a fourth-order polynomial arising in ocean acidifications and study their dynamics. We use the data of CO2 available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration from 1959 to 2012 and calculate the pH of the oceans for these years. Finally we further investigate the long-run implications of CO2 emissions on alkalinity of seawater using fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic OLS (DOLS). Our findings reveal that a one-percent increase in CO2 emissions will lead to a reduction in seawater alkalinity of 0.85 percent in the long run.

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Andersen, Torben G. « SIMULATION-BASED ECONOMETRIC METHODS ». Econometric Theory 16, n^o 1 (février 2000) : 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600001080.

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The accessibility of high-performance computing power has always influenced theoretical and applied econometrics. Gouriéroux and Monfort begin their recent offering, Simulation-Based Econometric Methods, with a stylized three-stage classification of the history of statistical econometrics. In the first stage, lasting through the 1960's, models and estimation methods were designed to produce closed-form expressions for the estimators. This spurred thorough investigation of the standard linear model, linear simultaneous equations with the associated instrumental variable techniques, and maximum likelihood estimation within the exponential family. During the 1970's and 1980's the development of powerful numerical optimization routines led to the exploration of procedures without closed-form solutions for the estimators. During this period the general theory of nonlinear statistical inference was developed, and nonlinear micro models such as limited dependent variable models and nonlinear time series models, e.g., ARCH, were explored. The associated estimation principles included maximum likelihood (beyond the exponential family), pseudo-maximum likelihood, nonlinear least squares, and generalized method of moments. Finally, the third stage considers problems without a tractable analytic criterion function. Such problems almost invariably arise from the need to evaluate high-dimensional integrals. The idea is to circumvent the associated numerical problems by a simulation-based approach. The main requirement is therefore that the model may be simulated given the parameters and the exogenous variables. The approach delivers simulated counterparts to standard estimation procedures and has inspired the development of entirely new procedures based on the principle of indirect inference.

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Wong-Ng, W., J. Suh et J. A. Kaduk. « X-ray reference patterns and structure of the perovskite-related phase R2Cu9Ti12O36 (R=lanthanides) ». Powder Diffraction 20, n^o 3 (septembre 2005) : 193–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.2009751.

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The X-ray Rietveld refinement technique was used to determine the structure and prepare X-ray powder reference patterns for the phases R2Cu9Ti12O36 (R=Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu). R2Cu9Ti12O36 belongs to the perovskite-related [AC3](B4)O12 family of structures, which are cubic with space group Im3. The lattice parameters of the R2Cu9Ti12O36 series range from a=7.377 57(2) Å, V=401.550(3) Å3 for R=Lu to a=7.399 87(3) Å, and V=405.202(4) Å3 for R=Nd. The trend of these lattice parameters parallels the “lanthanide contraction.” In the structure, R occupies the larger icosahedral A site of the ideal ABO3 perovskite structure, while Ti occupies the distorted octahedral B site. The Jahn-Teller cation Cu occupies the C site. The twelve oxygens surrounding Cu are arranged as three mutually perpendicular rectangles of different size. The smallest and largest rectangles are nearly squares. One-third of the R site is vacant, and the chemical formula can be written as [R2∕3X1∕3Cu3](Ti4)O12, where X=vacancy. The X-ray powder patterns of R2Cu2Ti12O36 have been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File (PDF).

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Giovanis, Eleftherios. « The relationship between flexible employment arrangements and workplace performance in Great Britain ». International Journal of Manpower 39, n^o 1 (3 avril 2018) : 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2016-0083.

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Purpose There is an increasing concern on the quality of jobs and productivity witnessed in the flexible employment arrangements. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between various flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Design/methodology/approach Home-based working, teleworking, flexible timing and compressed hours are the main employment types examined using the Workplace Employee Relations Survey (WERS) over the years 2004 and 2011 in Great Britain. The workplace performance is measured by two outcomes – the financial performance and labour productivity. First, the determinants of these flexible employment types are explored. Second, the ordinary least squares (OLS) method is followed. Third, an instrumental variable (IV) approach is applied to account for plausible endogeneity and to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types on firm performance. Findings The findings show a significant and positive relationship between the flexible employment arrangements and the workplace performance. Education, age, wage, quality of relations between managers-employees, years of experience, the area of the market the workplace is operated and the competition are significant factors and are positively associated with the propensity of the implementation of flexible employment arrangements. Social implications The insights derived from the study can have various profound policy implications for employees, employers and the society overall, including family-work balance, coping with family demands, improving the firm performance, reducing traffic congestion and stress among others. Originality/value It is the first study that explores the relationship between flexible employment types and workplace performance using an IV approach. This allows us to estimate the causal effects of flexible employment types and the possible associated social implications.

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Lin, Wen-Ting. « Founder-key leaders, group-level decision teams, and the international expansion of business groups ». International Marketing Review 31, n^o 2 (8 avril 2014) : 129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-07-2012-0120.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to draw the perspective of dynamic adjustment costs, the author developed hypotheses regarding the relationships between the internationalization of business groups and first, key leaders of business groups who helped found the groups (i.e. founder-key leaders); second, business groups’ group-level decision teams where the majority of positions are held by members of the founding family (i.e. family-dominated decision teams); and third, business groups’ group-level decision teams where strong ties exist among these teams (i.e. strong-tie decision teams) because group-level top managers are simultaneously top managers of group affiliates. Design/methodology/approach – This study used generalized least squares fixed-effects models to test its arguments about longitudinal data pertaining to 173 Taiwanese business groups’ foreign direct investments over a period of five years (2004-2008). Findings – The results show that the presence of a founder-key leader and strong-tie group-level decision teams in a business group can positively affect the internationalization of business groups. However, family-dominated group-level decision teams in a business group can adversely affect the internationalization of business groups. Research limitations/implications – Using a dynamic managerial-capacities perspective, this study provides alternative explanations regarding the degree of business groups’ internationalization to demonstrate the links among business groups’ key leaders, group-level decision teams, and internationalization. Practical implications – When deciding whether to expand abroad, managers at a given business group should carefully consider the characteristics of the group's management team because business groups engaging in such expansion are likely to incur dynamic adjustment costs. In this case, the dynamic managerial capacities of a business group play an important role in enabling the group to decrease dynamic adjustment costs. The differences among a group-level key leader's traits, a family-dominated group-level decision team's traits, and a strong-tie group-level decision team's traits will lead to distinct levels of dynamic managerial capacities within the group. Originality/value – Given the increasing number of business groups entering international markets, this paper rests on the perspective of dynamic managerial capabilities and uses group-level evidence to clarify how the characteristics of key leaders and the characteristics of group-level decision teams in business groups affect the groups’ international expansion.

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Manchaiah, Vinaya, Erin M. Picou, Abram Bailey et Hansapani Rodrigo. « Consumer Ratings of the Most Desirable Hearing Aid Attributes ». Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, n^o 08 (septembre 2021) : 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732442.

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Abstract Background Modern hearing aids have various features and functionalities, such as digital wireless streaming, bilateral connectivity, rechargeability, and specialized programs, which allow for a multitude of hearing aid attributes (e.g., comfort, reliability, and clarity). Consumers likely vary greatly in their preferences for these hearing aid attributes. Their preferences might be related to various demographic and hearing loss characteristics. Purpose The purposes of this study were to describe which hearing aid attributes consumers find desirable when choosing their hearing aids and to explore factors that might predict preferences. Research Design Cross-sectional. Study Sample 14,993. Intervention Not applicable. Data Collection and Analysis In this retrospective study, hearing aid attribute preferences were evaluated from consumers who answered questions in the Help Me Choose tool on the HearingTracker.com Web site. Chi-squared tests and correlation analyses were used to identify potential relationships between attribute preference and respondent characteristics. Cluster analysis with Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) was used to identify patterns of attribute preferences. Results Of the 21 hearing aid attributes queried, the four most favorably rated were improved ability to hear friends and family in quiet and in noisy settings, physical comfort, and reliability, with 75 to 88% of respondents rating these attributes as very or extremely important. Type of hearing loss, technology level preference, and mobile phone brand were significantly associated with preferences for all 21 hearing aid attributes. PAM cluster analysis unveiled two unique user groups based on their preference to hearing aid attributes. One-third of the respondents preferred high-end technology and favored all types of advanced attributes. The other two-thirds of users predominantly preferred either advanced or best match and were more selective about which attributes were most important to them. Conclusion Patterns in preferences to hearing aid attributes help identify unique subgroups of consumers. Patient preferences for specific hearing aid attributes, in addition to audiologic characteristics, could help audiologists in recommending hearing aids for their patients.

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Patel, Premal, Jasmir G. Nayak et Thomas B. McGregor. « The value of a core clinical rotation in urology for medical students ». Canadian Urological Association Journal 9, n^o 11-12 (14 décembre 2015) : 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.3297.

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Introduction: In 2013, our institution underwent a change to the undergraduate medical curriculum whereby a clinical urology rotation became mandatory. In this paper, we evaluated the perceived utility and value of this change in the core curriculum.Methods: Third year medical students, required to complete a mandatory 1-week clinical urology rotation, were asked to complete a survey before and after their rotation. Fourth year medical students, not required to complete this rotation, were also asked to complete a questionnaire. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact test were used for data analysis.Results: In total, 108 third year students rotated through urology during the study period. Of these, 66 (61%) completed the prerotation survey and 54 (50%) completed the post-rotation survey. In total, there were 110 fourth year students. Of these, 44 (40%) completed the questionnaire. After completing their mandatory rotations, students felt more comfortable managing and investigating common urological problems, such as hematuria and renal colic. Students felt they had a better understanding of how to insert a Foley catheter and felt comfortable independently inserting a Foley catheter. Importantly, students felt they knew when to consult urology and were also more likely to consider a career in urology. Compared to fourth year students, third year students felt urology was an important component to a family medicine practice and felt they had a better understanding of when to consult urology. Conclusion: The introduction of a mandatory urology rotation for undergraduate medical students leads to a perceived improvement in fundamental urological knowledge and skill set of rotating students. This mandatory rotation provides a valuable experience that validates its inclusion.

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Sheikh, Qurra-tul-ain Ali, Mahpara Sadaqat et Muhammad Meraj. « Reckoning females’ education as a determinant of fertility control in Pakistan ». International Journal of Social Economics 44, n^o 3 (6 mars 2017) : 414–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2015-0007.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to obtain empirical evidence on the impacts of socio-economic and demographic factors on the fertility decisions taken by a common family in developing countries like Pakistan. Also, this study contravenes the conventional orthodoxy of childbirth decisions of a family by enlarging the canvas and conjectures the fundamental nexus amongst female’s education, fertility and contraceptive use. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on micro-level data, obtained from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2012-2013) which is the third survey carried out in Pakistan. Demographic and socio-economic profiles of 13,558 ever-married women, aged 15-49 years, were randomly selected from Gilgit Baltistan and the four provinces of Pakistan. Three dependent variables are used in empirical analysis i.e. current use of contraceptives, total fertility and cumulative fertility. In order to estimate the probability of contraceptive use maximum likelihood, Probit technique is employed with ordinary least squares on reduced form specifications of total fertility and cumulative fertility models. Findings The empirical results proved the hypotheses that educated females practice more family planning through modern contraceptives which leads to a decrease in total fertility rates. Some significant links among females’ education, contraceptive use and fertility define the quantity – quality trade-off and opportunity cost of time. Evidently, female education provides maturity and awareness of family size which is necessary to take crucial economic decisions. Research limitations/implications The empirical evidence suggests that maximum efforts should be made toward women’s education. The current standard of education in Pakistan is not enough to overcome the long-standing problem of excessive child birth. This could be done with the help of public – private partnership as the measures taken by the government alone are insufficient. The government should initiate some adequate measures such as education and awareness about contraceptive usage at the secondary school level that could be a vivacious step to support fertility reduction. Practical implications The framework used in this study provides a broader intra-household income–expenditure approach. With a smaller family size, the household’s income would be shared among fewer individuals. It is highly probable that parents would be more attentive if they need to look after a few children. That is the best way to progress their children with limited resources. Social implications From the socioeconomic perspectives, educated parents plan the ideal family size which allows them to spend more on their children’s upbringing. Originality/value This study captures the magnitude of fertility decisions with the relevance of the wife’s education because the present practice in Pakistan does not allow higher education for married women. This is why this study could be used as a benchmark for further study in the same area.

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Wickramasinghe, Ayanthi, Birgitta Essén, Shirin Ziaei, Rajendra Surenthirakumaran et Pia Axemo. « Ragging, a Form of University Violence in Sri Lanka—Prevalence, Self-Perceived Health Consequences, Help-Seeking Behavior and Associated Factors ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 14 (8 juillet 2022) : 8383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148383.

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Ragging is an initiation ritual practiced in Sri Lankan universities for generations, although research is scarce. This practice has several adverse consequences such as physical, psychological, and behavioral effects and increased university dropouts. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of different types of ragging: emotional/verbal, physical and sexual ragging, self-perceived health consequences, help-seeking behavior, and factors associated with the experience of ragging. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 623, second- and third-year students from the medical, and technology faculties in Jaffna University. Bivariate associations were assessed using chi-squared tests. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with any type of ragging. Ragging was experienced by 59% of the students, emotional/verbal ragging being the most common. A total of 54% of students suffered one or more health consequences and mainly sought help from friends and family, with few seeking formal help. Factors associated with any type of ragging were faculty and year of study. This study emphasizes the urgent need to address this public health problem. It is important that there are adequate student support services, planning and implementation of effective interventions, as well as ensuring that existing policies are strengthened, to reduce or eliminate ragging in Sri Lanka.

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Gabel, Frank, Hendrik Jürges, Kai E. Kruk et Stefan Listl. « Gain a child, lose a tooth ? Using natural experiments to distinguish between fact and fiction ». Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, n^o 6 (13 mars 2018) : 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210210.

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BackgroundDental diseases are among the most frequent diseases globally and tooth loss imposes a substantial burden on peoples' quality of life. Non-experimental evidence suggests that individuals with more children have more missing teeth than individuals with fewer children, but until now there is no causal evidence for or against this.MethodsUsing a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) instrumental variables approach and large-scale cross-sectional data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (study sample: 34 843 non-institutionalised individuals aged 50+ from 14 European countries and Israel; data were collected in 2013), we investigated the causal relationship between the number of biological children and their parents’ number of missing natural teeth. Thereby, we exploited random natural variation in family size resulting from (i) the birth of multiples vs singletons, and (ii) the sex composition of the two first-born children (increased likelihood of a third child if the two first-born children have the same sex).Results2SLS regressions detected a strong causal relationship between the number of children and teeth for women but not for men when an additional birth occurred after the first two children had the same sex. Women then had an average of 4.27 (95% CI: 1.08 to 7.46) fewer teeth than women without an additional birth whose first two children had different sexes.ConclusionsThis study provides novel evidence for causal links between the number of children and the number of missing teeth. An additional birth might be detrimental to the mother’s but not the father’s oral health.

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Kao, Mao-Feng, Lynn Hodgkinson et Aziz Jaafar. « Ownership structure, board of directors and firm performance : evidence from Taiwan ». Corporate Governance : The International Journal of Business in Society 19, n^o 1 (4 février 2019) : 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-04-2018-0144.

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PurposeUsing a data set of listed firms domiciled in Taiwan, this paper aims to empirically assess the effects of ownership structure and board of directors on firm value.Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Taiwanese listed firms from 1997 to 2015, this study uses a panel estimation to exploit both the cross-section and time–series nature of the data. Furthermore, two stage least squares (2SLS) regression model is used as robustness test to mitigate the endogeneity issue.FindingsThe main results show that the higher the proportion of independent directors, the smaller the board size, together with a two-tier board system and no chief executive officer duality, the stronger the firm’s performance. With respect to ownership structure, block-holders’ ownership, institutional ownership, foreign ownership and family ownership are all positively related to firm value.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the Taiwanese corporate governance reform concerning the independent director system which is mandatory only for newly-listed companies is successful, the regulatory authority should require all listed companies to appoint independent directors to further enhance the Taiwanese corporate governance.Originality/valueFirst, unlike most of the previous literature on Western developed countries, this study examines the effects of corporate governance mechanisms on firm performance in a newly industrialised country, Taiwan. Second, while a number of studies used a single indicator of firm performance, this study examines both accounting-based and market-based firm performance. Third, this study addresses the endogeneity issue between corporate governance factors and firm performance by using 2SLS estimation, and details the econometric tests for justifying the appropriateness of using 2SLS estimation.

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Kiti, Gift, Ndola Prata et Patience A. Afulani. « Continuous Labor Support and Person-Centered Maternity Care : A Cross-Sectional Study with Women in Rural Kenya ». Maternal and Child Health Journal 26, n^o 1 (19 octobre 2021) : 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03259-4.

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Abstract Objective This study assessed whether having continuous support during labor is associated with better person-centered maternity care (PCMC) among women in rural Kenya. Methods Data are from a cross-sectional survey with women aged 15–49 years who delivered in the 9 weeks preceding survey completion (N = 865). PCMC was operationalized using a validated 13-item scale, with a summative score developed from responses that capture dignity and respect, communication and autonomy, and supportive care from providers (excluding support from a lay companion). Continuous support was operationalized as the continuous presence of a lay companion (friend or family) during labor. We carried out bivariate analyses using chi-squared and t-tests and ran multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between continuous labor support and PCMC. Results The average PCMC score was 24.2 (SD = 8.4) out of a total score of 39. About two-thirds (68%) of women had continuous support during labor. The average PCMC scores among women who had continuous support was 25.7 (SD = 8.4) compared to 21.0 (SD = 7.6) among those who did not have continuous support (p-value ≤ 0.001). After controlling for various confounders this association was still significant (coefficient = 4.0; 95% CI 2.9, 5.2; p-value ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Women who have continuous labor support during childbirth are more likely to have improved PCMC. Efforts to promote PCMC should thus include continuous labor support.

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So, Joyce, Venuja Sriretnakumar, Jessica Suddaby, Brianna Barsanti-Innes, Hanna Faghfoury et Timothy Gofine. « High Rates of Genetic Diagnosis in Psychiatric Patients with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders : Toward Improved Genetic Diagnosis in Psychiatric Populations ». Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 65, n^o 12 (4 juin 2020) : 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743720931234.

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Objective: There is a paucity of literature on genetic diagnosis in psychiatric populations, particularly the vulnerable population of patients with concomitant neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD). In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the genetic diagnostic rate in 151 adult psychiatric patients from two centers in Ontario, Canada, including a large subset (73.5%) with concurrent NDD, and performed phenotypic analysis to determine the strongest predictors for the presence of a genetic diagnosis. Method: Patients 16 years of age or older and affected with a psychiatric disorder plus at least one of NDD, neurological disorder, congenital anomaly, dysmorphic features, or family history of NDD were recruited through the genetics clinics between 2012 and 2016. Patients underwent genetic assessment and testing according to clinical standards. Chi-squared test was used for phenotypic comparisons. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine which phenotypic features were predictive of genetic diagnosis types. Results: Overall, 45.7% of patients in the total cohort were diagnosed with genetic disorders with the vast majority of diagnoses (89.9%) comprising single gene and chromosomal disorders. There were management and treatment implications for almost two-thirds (63.8%) of diagnosed patients. Presence of a single gene disorder or chromosomal diagnosis was predicted by differing combinations of neurological, NDD, and psychiatric phenotypes. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the frequency and impact of genetic diagnosis in psychiatric populations, particularly those with concomitant NDD. Genetic assessment should be considered in psychiatric patients, particularly those with multiple brain phenotypes (psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, neurological).

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Cole, Eunice Oben Bessem, S. Ariane Christie, Rasheedat Oke, Girish Motwani, Drusia Dickson, William Chendjou, Mbiarikai Mbianyor, Rochelle Dicker, Catherine Juillard et Alain Chichom-Mefire. « Too serious to ignore : The epidemiologic and economic burden of home injuries in the Southwest Region of Cameroon—A community-based study ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 9 (22 septembre 2022) : e0274686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274686.

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Background Home injuries are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries. In Sub-Saharan Africa, including Cameroon, many people live in unplanned settlements with poorly constructed houses, predisposing them to home injuries. However, little is known about the epidemiology and care-seeking behaviors of the domestically injured. In this study, our objective was to determine the epidemiology and care-seeking behaviors of home injuries in the Southwest Region of Cameroon. Methods A sub-analyses of a larger descriptive cross-sectional community-based study on injury epidemiology in the preceding 12 months was conducted. Sampling was done using three-stage cluster sampling technique. Differences between groups were evaluated using Chi-squared and Adjusted Wald tests. Results Of 8065 participants, 157 suffered home injuries giving an incidence of 19.6 (16.8–23.0 95% CI) cases per 1000-person years. Home injuries comprised 31.2% of all 503 injuries and affected more females (60.8%) and younger individuals (mean age (SE) 25.1 years (2.0)) than non-home injuries. The most common activity and mechanism of home injury was leisure/play (51%) and falls (37.9%) respectively. Amongst those with home injuries, 37.6% did not seek care from any care provider (versus 25.0% of non-home injuries, p = 0.004) and were more likely to seek treatment within the family or at home (p = 0.008) or at church (p = 0.010). Those with home injuries experienced a median of 14 disability days and 22.9% of families faced difficulties affording basic expenses (p = 0.001). Conclusion Home injuries comprise about a third of the Southwest Region of Cameroon’s burden of injury and likely have a profound socioeconomic impact. Though these injuries cause severe disabilities, a large proportion of victims do not seek care from providers. Prevention efforts should address the design of homes and victims of home injury should be encouraged to utilize formal care services.

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Gunathilaka, Nayana, Nilmini Chandrasena et Lahiru Udayanga. « Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infections and Other Dermatological Infections and Their Associated Factors among School Children in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka ». Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019 (25 mars 2019) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5827124.

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Skin disorders are one of the commonest conditions among school children in developing countries. There are only a few published studies available from Sri Lanka on the prevalence of skin disorders. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out among five government-run schools randomly selected from the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka, during 2016-2017. A total of 41 students between 5 and 16 years of age were randomly selected from each school. Sociodemographic profile and hygienic behaviors of selected students were assessed using a pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Students were examined by a medical officer for the presence of different skin disorders. The chi-squared test of association and binary logistic regression were used for the identification of the significance of socioeconomic factors and hygienic practices among the study participants. A total of 205 school children participated in the study. The commonest skin disorder was pediculosis (42.0%; n=86), followed by dandruff (8.3%; n=17), fungal infections (6.8%; n=14), and scabies (1.5%; n=3). Almost one-fourth of the study participants (22.9%; n=30/131) had more than one disorder, majored by Pediculus captis infestation with dandruff. Over one-third (36.1%; n=74) were free of any skin disorders. The prevalence of skin disorders was significantly high among females (87.3%; n=110), compared to males (26.6%; n=21). Presence of long hair, higher family size, and limited number of rooms in the house were risk factors associated with the prevalence of skin disorders. The commonest skin disorder was pediculosis, while scabies and fungal infections were scarce among school children in the district of Gampaha, Sri Lanka. Implementation of health education and monitoring programs at the school level for maintaining the dermal health status of school children is recommended.

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Iyanuoluwa Olugbenga-Bello, Adenike, Oluwatosin Ruth Ilori et Tokunbo Idowu. « Street youths : reproductive health risk status, reproductive health challenges and barriers to health services utilization in a southwestern City, Nigeria ». African Health Sciences 22, n^o 3 (27 octobre 2022) : 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i3.7.

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Background Information: According to the United Nations, about 150 million youth spent most of their time on the street, or better still, homeless. This is becoming a global phenomenon and majority of this vulnerable people live in large cities and urban areas of developing countries. Street youths are among the high risk, insecure and vulnerable groups who are often exposed to various forms of abuses and diseases, including reproductive health issues. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study carried out among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government, Lagos State using a multi staged sampling technique. Frequency tables were drawn at the univariate level, chi squared was used to test forassociation between socio-demographic characteristics and sexual risk level. Data was analyzed using SPPSS version 22, p value was set at 0.05 Results: Almost half 48(48.5%) of the respondents were between the age range 20-24years and two third 61(61.6%) of them were female and 27(27.3%) had up to senior secondary education attainments. Majority 73(73.7%) of them have been on the street for more than 3months and 32 (32.3%) professed that the reason they were on the street was to search for job while 25 (25.3%) because of family disharmony among parents. Eighty six (86.9%) of the respondents were sexually active, 31 (36.0%) of which have more than four sexual partners. Duration of stay on the street and their educational status were determinants of risky sexual behavior and polygamous setting was found to be statistically significant(p value =0.035) with reproductive healthchallenges. Conclusion: There is high risk sexual practice among street youths in Ikorodu Local Government. Strategic interventions aimed at minimizing sexual risky behaviors among street youths should focus on reducing the duration of stay on the street aswell as increasing access to contraception. Keywords: Street; youths; reproductive health; Ikorodu.

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She, H. Y. « The relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, personal factors and turnover intentions- private hospital pharmacists in Hong Kong ». International Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, Supplement_2 (30 novembre 2022) : ii49—ii50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riac089.058.

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Abstract Introduction The impact of employee job satisfaction on retention or the impact of job dissatisfaction on attrition is becoming increasingly important as it has a significant impact on the quality of service provided, staff shortages, and the effectiveness of healthcare organizations. This is especially true for private hospitals pharmacists in Hong Kong. Aim Based on Herzberg's two-factor theory, the aim of this quantitative, correlational study was to determine the relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, demographic characteristics, personal factors, and turnover intentions in a sample of pharmacists working for private hospitals in Hong Kong. Methods Following institutional ethical approval, five research questions were developed to study the relationships. An empirical model of causal relationships among variables was tested with a sample of 140 registered pharmacists working in Hong Kong private hospitals. The questionnaire was designed to be self-administered, and data was collected using convenience and snowball sampling methods via an Online Google Form link. Partial least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the structural relationships. The study employed SmartPLS 3.0 to compute the two-basic partial least squares (PLS) path modelling, i.e. structural and measures models. Results 68 (48.6%) were male, and 72 (51.4%) were female participants in this study, giving an overall sex ratio (males per 100 females) of 94. One third of the pharmacists surveyed were between 40-49 years old. This study found that older age was associated with a more moderate relationship between overall job satisfaction and turnover intention. At the same time, the more support from the family, the greater the negative moderating effect between overall job satisfaction and turnover intention. This study's most significant intrinsic job satisfaction factor was "achievement", with an outer loading of 0.846. Other important intrinsic job satisfaction factors included recognition, opportunities for advancement, work itself, and responsibility. For extrinsic job satisfaction factors, the most significant one was “employment status”, with an outer loading of 0.791. Other important extrinsic factors include working conditions, company policies and rules, remuneration, interpersonal relations, and supervisor's quality. There were positive relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction factors, and overall job satisfaction of the private hospital pharmacists. In contrast, the intrinsic job satisfaction factors, extrinsic job satisfaction factors, and overall job satisfaction are found to have negative relationships to the turnover intentions of pharmacists. Those relationships were statistically significant with p<0.05. Discussion/Conclusion In conclusion, private hospital managements may use the knowledge to implement strategies to improve intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among pharmacists in private hospitals. It is hoped that private hospital pharmacies will then have more bargaining power to retain pharmacists in the workplace. In turn, a better-quality pharmacy service can be provided and, ultimately, better earnings for the private hospitals. References 1. Al-Muallem, N., Al-Surimi, M. Job satisfaction, work commitment and intention to leave among pharmacists: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 2019 [cited 2019 Oct 2]; 9:e024448. Available from: http://doi:10.1136/bmjoprn-2018-024448 2. Bennett, D., Hylton, R. A happy mindset: Organizational commitment and job satisfaction among healthcare employees in the Caribbean. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 2019;10(10-12):244-348. 3. Carvajal, M.J., Popovici, I. Gender, age, and pharmacists' job satisfaction. Pharm. Prac. 2018;16(4):1396. Available from: http://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2018.04.1396

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Blitzer, Grace, Emily Merfeld, Aleksandra Kuczmarska-Haas, Susan Pitt, Fumiko Chino, Trang Le, Wendy A. Allen-Rhoades et al. « OCEAN (wOmen’s Career choicEs About oNcology) Study : Motivations to pursue or not pursue academic oncology. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2021) : 11040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.11040.

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11040 Background: Although women outnumber men in US medical school enrollment, women constitute < 50% of faculty in academic oncology. This study aimed to determine factors affecting women oncologists’ decisions to pursue academic versus non-academic oncology in Hematology/Oncology (HO), Pediatric Oncology (PO), Radiation Oncology (RO), and Surgical Oncology (SO), and to characterize the challenges women oncologists face. Methods: A survey was designed to collect cross-sectional data on factors affecting career choices among US women oncologists. The survey was distributed via email and social media. Data were collected anonymously and analyzed using t-tests for continuous variables and Chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Results: Six hundred sixty-seven women oncologists responded: 245 (45.3%) specialized in HO, 173 (25.9%) RO, 88 (13.2%) PO, 56 (8.4%) SO, and 48 (7.2%) other. Four-hundred twenty-two (63.2%) women identified as an academic oncologist (AO); 245 (36.8%) women identified as a non-academic oncologist (non-AO). Approximately ¼ of women oncologists reported their partner (156, 23.5%) or family (176, 26.4%) extremely or moderately impacted their decision whether to pursue academic practice. There was no difference in the timing of childbearing between AO and non-AO. AO perceived the biggest sacrifice of pursuing academics to be time with loved ones (181, 42.9%). Non-AO perceived the biggest sacrifice for AO to be pressure for academic promotion (102, 41.6%), which was the third most common response (44, 18.0%) among AO. Thirty-three (7.9%) AO and 5 (2.0%) non-AO reported feeling that they rarely or never have a sense of belonging in their work environment (p < 0.01). AO and non-AO had significantly different perceptions on how their gender impacted their ability to obtain a chosen job (p < 0.01), with 100 (23.8%) AO and 52 (21.2%) non-AO reporting a negative or somewhat negative impact, and 116 (27.6%) AO and 101 (41.2%) non-AO reporting a positive or somewhat positive impact. More than half of women surveyed (230 AO, 54.6%; 123 non-AO, 50.6%; p = 0.61) felt that they were somewhat or much less likely to be promoted compared to male colleagues. The majority of women reported they would choose the same career path again (71% of AO, 69% of non-AO); however, 92 (21.9%) of AO responded that they were likely or very likely to pursue a career outside academics in the next 5 years. Conclusions: While partners/family have a substantial impact on 1 in 4 women oncologists, this does not differ between AO and non-AO. Significantly more non-AO find their gender to have positively impacted their ability to obtain their chosen job. In contrast, a meaningful number of AO report a poor sense of belonging and perceived discrimination in obtaining jobs and being promoted; 1 in 5 are considering leaving academia. Academic oncology remains at high risk for continued gender inequality if the culture is not addressed.

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Nomali, Mahin, Tayeb Ramim, Shahrzad Nematollahi, Farrokh Sharifi, Sakineh Najafi et Kourosh Holakouie Naeini. « Governmental services in prenatal care and its related factors in the suburban women of Bandar Abbas city in the South of Iran : A cross-sectional study ». Journal of Medical Research 8, n^o 3 (25 juin 2022) : 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jmr.2022.8307.

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Background: One of the major problems in many communities in maternal health is that most pregnant women do not receive the necessary care during pregnancy, while care is provided in various forms by Comprehensive Health Services Centers and Health Centers. However, there is lack of information about pregnancy care status in suburban regions which is necessary on health care planning and policy making. Aims and objectives: The primary objective was to determine the governmental services in prenatal care in the suburban women of Bandar Abbas city in south of Iran. Also, we determined its related factors as secondary objectives. Study design: This was a cross-sectional study. Setting: It was conducted at Bandar Abbas city of Hormozgan province, Iran. The research sample was the population covered by Takhti Comprehensive Health Services Center. Materials and methods: 100 pregnant women and women with children under one year of age who wished to participate in the study were included by cluster sampling in February 2020. The participants did not wish to continue the study or incomplete questionnaires were excluded. The outcome was pregnancy care status which was divided into optimal and not-optimal groups based on receiving at least 6 cares during pregnancy. In order to collect information with interview by trained people, a researcher-structured questionnaire was used, which includes personal information and information about pregnancy status. Statistics: Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 24.0 and descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as independent sample t test, chi-squared test and Fisher`s exact test. Results: Data of 100 participants with mean age of 28.6 years were statistically analyzed. Most participants (83%) had an optimal status for receiving pregnancy care. Among different personal and pregnancy factors, the timing of prenatal care initiation in the first trimester of pregnancy was significant, as most people who were cared at the first months of pregnancy received optimal care (69 out of 78) (P= 0.007). The care provider (P=0.172) or place of care (P=0.580) had no association with optimal care. Conclusion: Most of the participants in the study had favorable pregnancy care status. People with unfavorable prenatal care status were mainly mothers whose pregnancy care had begun in the third trimester. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables, family and previous pregnancy history.

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Smagul, M. A., L. T. Yeraliyeva, A. M. Kuatbayeva, G. E. Nusupbayeva, L. K. Kasabekova, G. T. Nukenova, A. M. Satayeva et al. « Analysis of a Serological Study of Pertussis among Children and Adolescents in the Republic of Kazakhstan ». Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention 22, n^o 1 (5 mars 2023) : 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.31631/2073-3046-2023-22-1-89-103.

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Relevance. In 2018 over 151 000 cases of whooping cough were reported worldwide. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the incidence of whooping cough has always remained relevant. The incidence is recorded mainly among children under 14 years of age, whose share is 96–100% of the total incidence in certain years. It should also be noted that 82,9–96% of sick people are not vaccinated against whooping cough. Aims. Assessment of the duration of protection after vaccination against pertussis infection in Kazakhstan using antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) and (IgA and IgG) as a specific marker of pertussis infection or vaccination in children and adolescents in the cities of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Aktobe, Karaganda, Taldykorgan, Shymkent for evaluation appropriate age for booster vaccination. Materials and methods. For the study included medical organizations in the cities of Aktobe, Karaganda, Taldykorgan, Shymkent. Participants aged 10–14 years who were hospitalized in children's hospitals and 15–18 years old who visited polyclinics were invited to participate in the study. Each city has 1 children's hospital (4 in total) and 2 polyclinics (8 in total). A total of 520 people of different age groups participated. Study period: February 2021 – October 2021. Inclusion criteria were such aspects as: age from 10 years to 18 years 11 months 29 days, informed consent obtained from parents or guardian(s) and patient consent, enrollment after visiting the clinic, the presence of documented evidence of immune status. An association between two qualitative variables is considered statistically significant if the p-value calculated using the Chi-squared test is less than 0.05. Results. Among 520 participants aged 10–14 years – 200 (38.5%) and 15–18 years – 320 (61.5%), including boys – 284 (54.6%), girls – 236 (45.4%). The largest number of study participants was aged 15, 16 and 17 years, 10 participants (1.9%) had periods of prolonged coughing in the past 6 months. The first, second and third pertussis vaccines were received by 100% of children. The first and second vaccine for all children was the Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (DPT). The third vaccine for 519 children was also DPT, for one child – AbDPT, due to the transition to a cell-free vaccine from the second half of 2013. The additional vaccine scheduled at 18 months of age was given to 519 participants (99.8%), of which 517 children (99.6%) received DPT and two children (0.4%) DPT. Just over half of the children (276 or 53.1%) also received the whooping cough vaccine at age 6. In biological blood samples of 17 participants (3.3%). antibodies of the IgA class were detected in 245 samples (47.1%) – antibodies of the IgG class. Of the 17 participants with IgA antibodies, 15 also tested positive for IgG. In total antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in 247 participants which amounted to 47.5%. Conclusions. This study showed the duration of protection after pertussis vaccination in Kazakhstan among different age groups. In total, antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes were detected in 247 participants out of 520 which amounted to 47.5%. IgA antibodies were detected in biological blood samples in 17 participants (3.3%), IgG class antibodies in 245 samples (47.1%). The prevalence of IgA antibodies was statistically significantly higher among older children and among children who had respiratory symptoms in the 6 months prior to the study. The prevalence of IgG antibodies was statistically significantly higher among children vaccinated against whooping cough at the age of 6 years (47.1%) and at the age of 10–14 years (56.2%) than in the age group of 15–18 years (43.8%) and also significantly higher among those, who share a bedroom with other family members compared to children living in separate rooms. Thus an increase in whooping cough and a decrease in protective vaccine immunity among older age groups can be stated which raises concerns about transmission of the infection in the home to vulnerable children and the need to strengthen vaccination strategies.

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Mikles, Bethany, Monica Bhatia, Suzette O. Oyeku et Nancy S. Green. « Hematology Provider Perspectives On Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease ». Blood 120, n^o 21 (16 novembre 2012) : 4276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4276.4276.

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Abstract Abstract 4276 Introduction: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from an HLA matched donor is the only curative therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD), with sibling donor survival rates approaching 95%. Referral from the primary hematologist for transplant evaluation is a key step in the process. Study aims were to assess pediatric SCD providers for: 1) Current perspectives and referral patterns; 2) Whether perspectives differ for those practicing at a transplant center. Methods: All pediatric hematology providers at the designated newborn screening hemoglobinopathy centers within the seven state New York-Mid-Atlantic Consortium (NYMAC) were anonymously surveyed. Descriptive statistics and chi squared test or Fisher's exact test were used for analysis. Results: Of 197 pediatric SCD providers contacted through the NYMAC listserv, 104 (53%) responded, predominantly hematologists. Half (53%) of responders practice at sites performing HSCT for pediatric SCD. Overall, transplant centers had larger SCD patient populations (p<0.001). Provider referral pattern: Most providers (89%) had referred at least one child with SCD for transplant evaluation within the past two years. A higher proportion of practitioners at a transplant center had referred at least 3 patients for transplant evaluation, 84% vs. 53% (p=0.001). Patient demographics for transplant eligibility: Overall, 77% would limit HSCT to children with HbSS or HbS-β° thalassemia. Nearly half (44%) were less likely to refer a child for evaluation with SCD than with β-thalassemia major (no significant difference (NS) by practice setting). Those practicing at transplant centers were more certain of 6–16 years as an optimal transplant age (100% vs. 84%; p=0.004). Indications: Single disease indications for transplant referral were stroke, acute chest syndrome or family request. Less commonly cited were abnormal TCD (31%) or clinically silent stroke (34%). Commonly listed treatment indications were a new stroke despite chronic transfusion (82%) or poor response to hydroxyurea (71%), not iron overload (22%) (NS by practice setting). Donor: Most would offer HSCT to a child with multiple SCD complications with (95%) or without (66%) a sibling match; 37% would refer a child with limited disease despite a sibling donor (NS by practice setting). Acceptable outcomes: The majority (78%) agreed that HSCT can improve health. Risk of mortality, lack of sibling match, and infertility were most commonly cited as barriers to referral. Most identified acceptable overall survival rates as 90–100% (divided between ≥90% or 95–100%). Providers at transplant centers were more likely to accept event-free survival rates of 75–90% (87% vs. 63%; p=0.002), rather than 95–100%. Limitations: While only one U.S. region was surveyed, NYMAC collectively diagnoses approximately 25% of all newborns with SCD (genes-r-us.uthscsa.edu). Actual referral patterns could not be verified. No adjustments were made for size of each practice site, nor were providers queried about perceived influence of payer mix or other patient demographics. Conclusions: Most pediatric SCD providers accept HSCT as a treatment option, especially for children with severe disease complications or inadequate response to other therapies. Practitioners at transplant centers reported making more referrals for evaluation, having a stronger preferred age and accepting a broader range of event-free survival. Overall, only one third of providers deem eligible those patients with a sub-clinical stroke or stroke risk, or those with a sibling donor if without major disease complications. Most providers prefer transplant for children with a limited sickle hemoglobinopathy type, and almost half favor transplantation for β-thalassemia major. These findings suggest varying enthusiasm for HSCT for pediatric SCD beyond donor availability or current survival outcomes. The SCD provider is a critical conduit for ushering families towards transplantation and weighing difficult risk-benefit ratios. Informed decisions and referral may benefit from provider education, especially for those not practicing at transplant centers, as well as professional guidelines about current indications and research comparing outcomes of SCD versus HSCT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Chitkara, Garvit, Sridevi Murali-Nanavati, Nikhil Bardeskar, Ajinkya Gupte, Shruti Behal, Mugdha Lad, Prajakta Dongarkar, Muzammil Shaikh et Kaustav Talapatra. « Abstract P1-08-06 : Oncology nursing in India : are we up to speed ? » Cancer Research 83, n^o 5_Supplement (1 mars 2023) : P1–08–06—P1–08–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p1-08-06.

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Abstract Background: Cancer management is a critical component of healthcare worldwide. Improvement in cancer care has improved the longevity of patients, and they require continued care from healthcare workers, including nurses. Although nurses in India are trained to care for patients in general, courses dedicated to cancer care are few. The present study evaluated the knowledge of nurses involved in cancer management via an online survey. Materials and methods: A survey pertaining to nursing practices in cancer management was distributed electronically to nurses in India from January to April 2022. The survey was designed to evaluate treatment-specific knowledge and confidence of the nurses in managing patients with cancer. The data received was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The responses were divided into two groups: responses marked 4 and 5 on the scale were grouped as confident responses, whereas those marked 1, 2, and 3 were grouped as unconfident responses. Chi-squared analyses were performed using the OpenEpi online tool. Results: A total of 422 nurses replied to the questionnaire; of these, 399 (94.55%) said that they have experience in caring for patients with cancer. Of the 399, 198 (49.62%) worked in specialized cancer care centers and the remaining 201 (50.38%) worked in general hospitals. Nearly two-third of the nurses (n = 262; 65.7%) replied that they studied cancer care as a part of their nursing curriculum, whereas the remaining learnt through personal experience. A total of 335 (84%) nurses had undergone a specialized course in chemotherapy management, and most were confident about their knowledge on chemotherapy administration, central line management, and side effect and precaution management. Only 41 (10.3%) had undergone a specialized course in oncology-directed surgical management; yet based on their primary nursing training more than half of the nurses were confident of performing pre- and postoperative management. With respect to a more specialized surgical care, only 144 (36.1%) were confident in providing stoma care and 181 (45.4%) were confident in teaching preventive lymphedema care after surgery. Although a majority had completed a specialized course in post-radiation management (n = 255; 93.2%), only half were confident in identifying skin-induced changes and providing care for patients receiving radiotherapy. Furthermore, only half of the nurses were aware of the role of nursing staff in brachytherapy (n = 200; 50.1%). Most nurses did not undergo any specialized course (n = 360; 90.2%) in palliative management; 124 (31.1%) nurses said that they were not very confident in adequately counselling patient relatives with regard to symptomatic treatment. Nurses working in specialized cancer centers (n = 198) were significantly more confident in administering and managing central lines for chemotherapy; performing adequate chemotherapy drug disposal; and assessing the needs of cancer patients and their family members than their counterparts working in general hospitals (n = 201) (all p < 0.05). Only 54.4% of the respondents were aware of oncology-directed nursing programs available in the country, and only half were able to access them (n = 160; 55.2%) owing to the lack of guidance (n = 130; 32.58%), time (n = 93; 23.31%), and funds (n = 46; 11.53%). Hence, when asked whether they would be inclined to attend a hybrid course, majority (n = 349; 87.47%) indicated in the affirmative. Also, 338 (84.7%) nurses replied that they would be inclined to participate in cancer screening programs after pursuing such a specialized course. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the lacunae in nurses’ oncology training. Thus, there is an obvious need to redesign the existing oncology-directed nursing programs to include palliative care and organ-site specific care. Designing these courses in the hybrid format may improve its accessibility and the willingness of nurses to attend. Citation Format: Garvit Chitkara, Sridevi Murali-Nanavati, Nikhil Bardeskar, Ajinkya Gupte, Shruti Behal, Mugdha Lad, Prajakta Dongarkar, Muzammil Shaikh, Kaustav Talapatra. Oncology nursing in India: are we up to speed? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-06.

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Ponziani, Regi Muzio. « Forecasting of Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) returns using Holt-Winters family models ». Asian Journal of Islamic Management (AJIM), 25 janvier 2022, 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/ajim.vol3.iss2.art4.

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Purpose: This research aims to forecast JII returns by employing various Holt-Winters models. The models used in this research are Holt-Winters seasonality, Holt-Winters damped method, and Holt-Winters with maximum likelihood approach. Holt-Winters model is capable of recognizing and modeling trends and seasonality. Therefore, it is suitable for forecasting purposes.Methodology: Three models are employed in this research. The first one is Holt-Winters seasonality, also known as triple exponential smoothing. This model analyzes the level, trend, and seasonality components in the return series. The second model is the Holt-Winters damped method that uses smoothing parameters to lower the overstatement effect that usually occurs within Holt-Winters seasonality. The third model is Holt-Winters with Maximum Likelihood. Holt-Winters seasonality estimates parameters by choosing the least-squares. At the same time, Holt-Winters with Maximum Likelihood uses maximum likelihood to fit in the series with certain distributions and generate forecasts by determining distributions with the most likelihood.Findings: The result showed that Holt-Winters seasonality forecasts better than the other methods. The model could recognize the seasonal pattern and trend of the JII returns. It has the lowest Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) as the parameter for forecast accuracy. Holt-Winters damped method has accuracy right below Holt-Winters seasonality. It can also map the pattern and trend of the returns. Holt-Winters with Maximum likelihood predicts less accurately. However, it can recognize the random walk inclination of the return, although it failed to generate the seasonal pattern and trend of the JII returns.Originality: This research attempted to apply Holt-Winters models to predict JII returns. Most research concerning the Islamic stock index focuses on volatility and forecast based on the level of volatility. Therefore, this research can fill in the gaps in the literature in which forecast of Islamic stock index can be conducted by modeling the seasonality and trend using Holt-Winters models.Practical implications: Investors always try to find the best generating investment return. Investors concerned with the shariah rules will always find lawful investment tools such as Islamic stocks or the Islamic stock index. Returns of the Islamic stock index can be forecast by using the Holt-Winters model. Therefore, investors might know the pattern of returns generated by investing in Islamic stocks.

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Yukhimenko, Y. S., et I. I. Korshykov. « Representatives of Rosaceae Juss. in the various structure-functional types of decorative plantings of Kryvyi Rih city (Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) ». Plant Introduction 85-86 (6 juin 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.46341/pi2020013.

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Objective – to define the diversity of Rosaceae representatives in parks and squares of Kryvyi Rih city and to evaluate their vitality, longevity and perspectives of further apply for landscaping of the region. Material and methods. The object of our study is plantings of representatives of the family Rosaceae in parks and squares of city of Kryvyi Rih. We used such investigation methods: visual, morphometric and statistical ones. Results. In the parks and squares of Kryvyi Rih, family Rosaceae is the most divers – it is represented by 43 species, 5 hybrids and 5 cultivars, which together belong to 20 genera. The most represented genera are Spiraea (7 taxa), Sorbus (5), Cotoneaster (4), Malus (4), Padus (4), and Prunus (4), while the rest of genera comprises from 1 to 3 taxa. The geographic analysis suggests significant prevalence of species from East-Asian (36.5 %) and Circumboreal (34.6 %) regions. According to distribution of life forms, there is some predominance of shrubs; they represent 56 % of total number of Rosaceae. With regard to height classes, trees of third class of size (34.6 %) and undersized shrubs (25 %) prevail. As for age structure, 20–40-year-old shrubs and trees (about 70 %) predominate. The highest level of vital state is noted for 60 % of plants of this family, average level – for 30 %, and low level – for 10 %. 72 % of evaluated plants were classified as highly decorative and 28 % as decorative. In future, enrichment of plantings of the region may be carried out by using the collection stock of arboreal plants of Kryvyi Rih Botanical Garden the NAS of Ukraine, comprising about 350 species, varieties and cultivars of 31 genera of the family Rosaceae. Conclusions. The most of investigated Rosaceae plants, in conditions of large industrial city located in the Steppe zone of Ukraine, were characterized by high viability and decorativeness. Hence, these plants deserve to be more widely used for greening of cities and towns of Right-Bank of the Steppe zone of Ukraine.

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Crespo, Nuno Fernandes, Cátia Fernandes Crespo et Maria Calado. « Strategic responses of the family businesses in accommodation industry : lessons for overcoming crises ». Journal of Family Business Management, 8 septembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-03-2022-0045.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is threefold: 1) to examine the relevance of specific strategic orientations for family businesses in the context of an intense crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic; 2) to investigate the role of a family adaptability in surviving the crisis; and 3) to assess how proactive strategic responses connected with marketing or retrenchment responses connected with reducing costs relate to the expected survival of the crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe method adopted is a quantitative research approach. The theoretical framework uses a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) for the data collected from an online survey of a sample of 544 family businesses in the accommodation industry.FindingsThis paper makes three main findings. First, family businesses that invest in operational marketing actions as a strategic response to the crisis have a high expectation of surviving the crisis. Second, family businesses that reduce their operational and labor costs as a strategic response have a low expectation of surviving the crisis. Third, the family business’s adaptability is also fundamental to their expectation of survival.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to identify the possible reactions of family businesses to the COVID-19 crisis. the authors show that there are proactive or retrenchment strategic responses, and the authors relate those responses to the expectancy of surviving the crisis. This is also the first study to examine the relevance of family adaptability as a measure of the resilience of family businesses and, therefore, as a determinant of the expectation of surviving the crisis.

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Sadeghi, Nasrin, Hosein Fallahzadeh, Maryam Dafei, Maryam Sadeghi et Masoud Mirzaei. « Evaluation of multiple linear regression function and generalized linear model types in estimating natural menopausal age : A crosssectional study ». International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine (IJRM), 8 juin 2022, 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v20i5.11052.

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Background: Since women spend about one-third of their lifespan in menopause, accurate prediction of the age of natural menopause and its effective parameters are crucial to increase women’s life expectancy. Objective: This study aimed to compare the performance of generalized linear models (GLM) and the ordinary least squares (OLS) method in predicting the age of natural menopause in a large population of Iranian women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the recruitment phase of the Shahedieh Cohort Study, Yazd, Iran. In total, 1251 women who had the experience of natural menopause were included. For modeling natural menopause, the multiple linear regression model was employed using the ordinary least squares method and GLMs. With the help of the Akaike information criterion, rootmean- square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error, the performance of regression models was measured. Results: The mean age of menopausal women was 49.1 ± 4.7 yr (95% CI: 48.8-49.3) with a median of 50 yr. The analysis showed similar Akaike criterion values for the multiple linear models with the OLS technique and the GLM with the Gaussian family. However, the RMSE and mean absolute error values were much lower in GLM. In all the models, education, history of salpingectomy, diabetes, cardiac ischemic, and depression were significantly associated with menopausal age. Conclusion: To predict the age of natural menopause in this study, the GLM with the Gaussian family and the log link function with reduced RMSE and mean absolute error can be a good alternative for modeling menopausal age. Key words: Menopause, Etiology, Statistics, Numerical data.

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Hiçyılmaz, Yaşar. « t − b − τ Yukawa unification in non-holomorphic MSSM ». Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, n^o 4 (avril 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2021)218.

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Abstract We show that in the CMSSM with the non-holomorphic soft SUSY breaking terms, the Yukawa coupling unification of the third family fermions at the GUT scale, called t − b − τ Yukawa unification (YU), is possible under the recent collider and Dark Matter results. The YU parameter can also be found Rtbτ≈ 1, called perfect unification. We find that the squark masses exceed 3 TeV while the stau can be considerably lighter. In the case of YU, the tan β is in the interval [46,55]. We obtain bino-like dark matter (DM) of mass in the range of 0.6 TeV ≲ $$ {m}_{\upchi_1^0} $$ m χ 1 0 ≲ 1.3 TeV where the recent Dark Matter direct detection limits are also satisfied. We also identify A-resonance solutions which reduce the relic abundance of LSP neutralino down to the ranges compatible with the current Planck measurements.

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Johnson, Stephanie, Timothy Johnson, Emma Lawrence et Ibrahim Ssekalo. « Factors Influencing Family Planning in the Buyende District of Uganda ». Columbia University Journal of Global Health 12, n^o 2 (6 février 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cujgh.v12i2.9493.

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Introduction The goal of this study was to identify use of family planning (FP) in the Buyende district of Uganda, and what factors influence its use or lack of use. Methods Study participants included 60 women from 18 to 49 years old who lived in the Buyende District of Uganda. This was a mixed-methods study. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared analysis were performed on the survey data to identify factors associated with modern FP use. Qualitative analysis, consisting of an iterative coding process, was used to identify themes that arose in focus groups regarding barriers to FP use. Results Most participants were 20-24 years old (26.7%), married (86.7%), had a primary education (86.7%), and had a mean parity of 5.23 (range 0 to 14). One third of survey participants were currently using a form of modern contraception, and women who spoke to a healthcare provider in the last 12 months about FP were significantly more likely to be using a form of modern contraception (46.2% vs 10.5%, p=0.016). The most common barriers to FP use were side effects (71%), fear of husband disapproval (19.4%), and lack of access (16.1%). Qualitative analysis of focus groups demonstrated 9 major themes that emerged as barriers to FP: misinformation/misconceptions about FP; concerns about side effects; negative community perceptions of FP; lack of education; male opposition to FP; use of traditional methods; distance to health facilities; financial concerns; FP going against religious beliefs. Discussion It is important to continue to address not only the material access to FP and lack of education, but also the gender inequalities that are foundational to the lack of usage where desired.

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Dhungana, Prabati. « Factors Associated with Decision Making in Treatment of Health Problems among Elderly People in Dhital, Kaski District ». Prithvi Academic Journal, 16 septembre 2020, 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/paj.v3i1.31286.

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Self-determination of one’s own treatment process is one of the major decision makings of an individual’s life. It is even more crucial among elderly population as old age brings multiple physical and mental challenges to overall well-being of an individual. This paper aims to find the factors associated with decision making in treatment of health problems of the elderly people. The study was conducted in Dhital Village of Kaski District. Out of 198 elderly people with aged 60 years and above, 131 respondents (at 5% margin of error and 5% level of significance) were randomly selected using simple random sampling techniques. The information was collected by using semi-structured questionnaires through interview techniques. Chi-squared test was used to find the factors associated with the decision making in treatment. The decisions of more than two-third (69.5%) of the respondents were taken by their family members whereas almost one-third (30.5%) of the decisions were self-made. The proportion of the females who made their decision for treatment themselves is less than that of males. The results of the study showed that gender, literacy level, family type, money expensed for treatment, and walking distance to health centers were the major factors associated with decision making in treatment of health problems. It is believed that the findings of this study can help facilitate the better use of health facilities and add a significant contribution in the formulation of aging-friendly policies.

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Calasanti, Toni, Dawn Carr, Patricia Homan et Victoria Coan. « Gender Disparities in Life Satisfaction After Retirement : The Roles of Leisure, Family, and Finances ». Gerontologist, 4 février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnab015.

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Abstract Background and Objectives Recent research on life satisfaction in retirement explores gender differences but yields inconsistent patterns and does not consider gendered sources of satisfaction. We use a gender relations framework to examine whether women and men experience different changes in life satisfaction with retirement, and whether observed differences are a consequence of different assessments of the leisure, family, and financial situations that characterize their post-retirement lives. Research Design and Methods We use longitudinal data drawn from men and women in the Health and Retirement Study who transitioned into retirement between ages 62 and 72 for the first time between 2008 and 2016 (N = 593). We employ ordinary least squares regression and mediation tests to assess gender differences in overall and domain-specific life satisfaction (i.e., leisure, family, finances). Results Men reported increased life satisfaction following retirement, but women did not. No gender differences related to leisure or family life post-retirement emerged. Gender was associated with post-retirement satisfaction with finances (p < .001), with men reporting higher financial satisfaction. Mediation models confirmed a gender disparity in overall life satisfaction mediated by satisfaction with finances post-retirement (p < .01), explaining approximately one-third of the disparity. Discussion and Implications This study shows men derive greater improvements in life satisfaction in association with retirement than do women, and some of this disparity relates to women’s lower satisfaction with their finances. These findings should caution policy-makers from assuming how women’s increased labor force participation influences financial security in retirement, and encourage scholars to consider how gender influences subjective assessments of later life.

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Barrenetxea, Jon, Yi Yang, Kyriakos S. Markides, An Pan, Woon-Puay Koh et Qiushi Feng. « Social support and health among older adults – the Singapore Chinese Health Study ». Ageing and Society, 11 janvier 2021, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x20001944.

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Abstract While having social support can contribute to better health, those in poor health may be limited in their capacity to receive social support. We studied the health factors associated with social support among community-dwelling older adults in Singapore. We used data from the third follow-up interviews (2014–2016) of 16,943 participants of the Singapore Chinese Health Study, a population-based cohort of older Singapore Chinese. Participants were interviewed at a mean age of 73 years (range 61–96 years) using the Duke Social Support Scale (DUSOCS). We first applied ordinary least squares regression to DUSOCS scores and found that those with instrumental limitations, poor self-rated health, cognitive impairment and depression had lower social support scores. We then applied latent class analysis to DUSOCS answer patterns and revealed four groups of older adults based on the source and amount of social support. Among them, compared to the ‘overall supported’ group (17%) with the highest social support scores and broad support from family members and non-family individuals, the ‘family restricted’ (50%) group had the lowest social support scores and only received support from children. Health factors associated with being ‘family restricted’ were instrumental limitations (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–1.49), poor self-rated health (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.28–1.53), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.04–1.37) and depression (OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 2.22–2.82). We found that while older adults in poor health have lower social support scores, they were more likely to receive a lot of support from children. Our results showed that lower social support scores among Singaporean older adults in poor health may not indicate lack of social support, but rather that social support is restricted in scope and intensified around children. These results may apply to other Asian societies where family plays a central role in elder-care.

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Saura, José Ramón, Daniel Palacios-Marqués et Belém Barbosa. « A review of digital family businesses : setting marketing strategies, business models and technology applications ». International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & ; Research, 10 juin 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-03-2022-0228.

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Purpose Technological advances in the last decade have caused both business and economic sectors to seek for new ways to adapt their business models to a connected data-centric era. Family businesses have also been forced to leave behind traditional strategies rooted in family stimuli and ties and to adapt their actions in digital environments. In this context, this study aims to identify major online marketing strategies, business models and technology applications developed to date by family firms. Methodology: Upon a systematic literature review, we develop a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) under the homogeneity analysis of variance by means of alternating least squares (HOMALS) framework programmed in the R language. Based on the results, the analyzed contributions are visually analyzed in clusters.Design/methodology/approach Upon a systematic literature review, we develop an MCA under the HOMALS framework programmed in the R language. Based on the results, the analyzed contributions are visually analyzed in clusters.Findings Relevant indicators are identified for the successful development of digital family businesses classified in the following three categories: (1) digital business models, (2) digital marketing techniques and (3) technology applications. The first category consists of four digital business models: mobile marketing, e-commerce, cost per click, cost per mile and cost per acquisition. The second category includes six digital marketing techniques: search marketing (search engine optimization and search engine marketing (SEM) strategies), social media marketing, social ads, social selling, websites and online reputation optimization. Finally, the third category consists of the following aspects: digital innovation, digital tools, innovative marketing, knowledge discovery and online decision making. In addition, five research propositions are developed for further discussion and future research.Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to cover this research topic applying the emerging programming language R for the development of an MCA under the HOMALS framework.

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da Silva Campos, Susana Sales, Cláudio Antônio Pinheiro Machado Filho, Raquel Sales da Silva Costa et Lucas dos Santos-Costa. « The contribution of the external director for Brazilian private family business : a generational approach ». Journal of Family Business Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (8 juillet 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfbm-05-2021-0042.

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PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the contribution of the external director to the governance of family businesses (FBs) in different generations. The authors aim to support the literature regarding the heterogeneity of these companies, showing that the generation of the primary decision-maker is an essential factor that differentiates the FBs from each other. These differences have numerous impacts in governance structures as boards' role and composition.Design/methodology/approachThe authors hypothesized that the main contribution of external directors to FB controlled by family members of the first generation is to provide resources to the company's survival. As it evolves and the later generations begin to participate as owners and managers, dealing with specific agency problems associated with this type of organization becomes essential. Four activities found in literature were tested: control of parental altruism and intrafamily divergences and provision of resources and external relations. Quantile regression (QR) was applied based on the dependent variables' characteristics, which show a strongly asymmetric distribution for all the models proposed.FindingsThe QR techniques and ordinary least squares (OLS) showed statistically significant results for the agency's activities when comparing the first and the second generations. The contribution of the external director in this context is to overcome the challenges associated with the beginning of sharing ownership and management. The resource provision and the establishment of the relations proved to be more critical in third-generation FBs. At this stage, the directors provide the needed resources for these companies' survival in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment.Research limitations/implicationsAmong this work's limitations, the authors highlight the lack of a variable that captures the life cycle in which the company is. They believe that the inclusion of this control factor would bring more robust results to the analysis. Besides, they point to the condensation of the countless activities performed by external directors to just four. This generalization fails to capture the other duties and contributions of this director in the family organizational environment.Practical implicationsThis study aims to provide guidelines so that external directors of FBs understand more clearly the needs of the companies in which they operate, whether from the first, second or third generation onward. The contribution of this director may be different for each type of organization. By understanding the weaknesses and concerns inherent to each generational stage, the external director can focus his efforts on adopting actions that effectively contribute to organizational performance.Originality/valueIn Brazil, most studies focus on the effects of board's composition and structure on financial results. In these papers, the data is usually secondary, found on companies' websites. The authors step further in this paper by analyzing primary data from privately held companies, which in Brazil is challenging to access. So, they believe they are surpassing the analysis traditionally found in the literature on the composition of boards of directors in terms of scope and methodology.

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Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Mahdi Afshari, Zohreh Hajheydari, Ali charkameh, Asghar Nezammahalleh, Aliakbar Zerafat, Foroozan Rezaei et al. « Prevalence of pediculosis and its related factors among primary school girls in the north of Iran ». International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 26 janvier 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2018-0039.

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Abstract Introduction Head lice infestation is one of the main public health problems worldwide and a sanitary, cultural and economic indicator for communities’ health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation among female primary school children in selected districts of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 3033 female school children were recruited using the consensus method. Head lice infestation was defined as visible adult lice, nymph or egg with the naked eye. Data were described by percent frequency and analyzed using the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression models. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results Prevalence of head lice infestation among female school children was estimated at 7.9%. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for rural residents, low level educated mothers, family size more than five and not combing their hair were 1.96 (1.41–2.78), 2.46 (1.35–4.49), 2.04 (1.12–3.70) and 3.94 (1.73–8.96), respectively. In addition, considering first grade students as a reference group, the ORs (95% CI) for second and third grades were 1.89 (1.18–3.05) and 1.69 (1.05–2.74), respectively. Conclusion Our study showed that studying in urban schools, low educational level of mothers, grade, family size and no history of regular combing were predictors of head lice infestation.

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Finkel, Federico, et Artemio González-López. « Entanglement entropy of inhomogeneous XX spin chains with algebraic interactions ». Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, n^o 12 (décembre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2021)184.

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Abstract We introduce a family of inhomogeneous XX spin chains whose squared couplings are a polynomial of degree at most four in the site index. We show how to obtain an asymptotic approximation for the Rényi entanglement entropy of all such chains in a constant magnetic field at half filling by exploiting their connection with the conformal field theory of a massless Dirac fermion in a suitably curved static background. We study the above approximation for three particular chains in the family, two of them related to well-known quasi-exactly solvable quantum models on the line and the third one to classical Krawtchouk polynomials, finding an excellent agreement with the exact value obtained numerically when the Rényi parameter α is less than one. When α ≥ 1 we find parity oscillations, as expected from the homogeneous case, and show that they are very accurately reproduced by a modification of the Fagotti-Calabrese formula. We have also analyzed the asymptotic behavior of the Rényi entanglement entropy in the non-standard situation of arbitrary filling and/or inhomogeneous magnetic field. Our numerical results show that in this case a block of spins at each end of the chain becomes disentangled from the rest. Moreover, the asymptotic approximation for the case of half filling and constant magnetic field, when suitably rescaled to the region of non-vanishing entropy, provides a rough approximation to the entanglement entropy also in this general case.

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Zhu, C., C. He, L. Yan, J. A. Huirne, B. W. Mol et J. Zhang. « P-744 Fertility intention for a second or third child among childbearing couple in Shanghai, China ». Human Reproduction 37, Supplement_1 (29 juin 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deac107.689.

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Abstract Study question What is the intention rate and related factors for a second or third child among childbearing couple? Summary answer Among couples with one child, 16.2% are willing to have a second child. Only 9.4% of couples with two children are pursuing third child. What is known already The decline in fertility is becoming an inevitable trend in most countries around the world. In the end of 1970s, the one-child policy was implemented. Since 21st century, China has gradually changed its fertility policy, from a selective two-child policy to a comprehensive two-child policy. Nevertheless, the number of total annual births in China has not shown an obviously increasing trend of growth. On August 20, 2021, the Chinese government amended the law to allow a couple to have three children. However, only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate fertility intention in the couples who already have kids. Study design, size, duration We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Shanghai from July to August in 2021. This study population was based on the female fertility database established between 2013 and 2017, which contains basic sociodemographic information and the reproductive intentions. We conducted this study to evaluate the fertility intention of the second or the third child and its related factors. Participants/materials, setting, methods From July to August in 2021, couples aged between 20 and 45 years old with one or two children was invited to participate in our study to give the information about “second/third births intention” and the factors that may probably related to it. Between the groups with and without second/third child intention, the chi-squared test and binary logistic regression was applied to compare the difference in the basic characteristics and relative factors. Main results and the role of chance Among couples with one child, 130 (16.2%) couples had intention to have a second child. Only 9.4% of couples with two children show the desire to have a third child. The ideal number of children for all our participants was 1.72±0.52. And the ideal number of children among couples with one child is 1.61±0.52. By contrast, the ideal number for couples with two kids was 2.06±0.34. The study showed great differences in Socioeconomic and personal factors between two groups. For second-child intention, the female age over 35 years, first child's age over 7 years, annual payment for the first child ranges from 70,000-100,000 RMB and children’s educational barriers were negatively associated with an intention to have a second child. Job with more free time makes it easier for couples to have a second child. Among couples with two children, parents with family financial constraints and children’s educational barriers are less likely to have a third child. Fertility-encouraged government policy can promote couples to pursue a second or third child. It is necessary to take measures to reduce the burden of raising children and increase free time for couples to relief parent’s pressure of rearing a child. Limitations, reasons for caution As this is a single-center study in Shanghai, the sample size is relatively small. Although our sample size still meets the basic statistical requirements and can detect a moderate effect size as significance, the results may not be applicable to some other regions. Wider implications of the findings The decision of fertility intention is influenced by female age, the first child’s age, family economic conditions, children’s education and national fertility policies. It is necessary to take measures to reduce the burden of raising children and increase free time for couples to relief parent’s pressure of rearing a child. Trial registration number ChiCTR2100045315

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Sari, Ratna Candra, Denies Priantinah, Mimin Nur Aisyah, Annisa Ratna Sari et Patriani Wahyu Dewayanti. « FINANCIAL DISTRESS DURING THE PANDEMIC : DO FINANCIAL LITERACY AND FINANCIAL COPING BEHAVIOR MATTER ? » E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 15 septembre 2022, 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2022.v11.i09.p12.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is not only related to health problems but also related to life problems across multi-dimensional aspects including economic aspects. The pandemic has led to recession and financial distress for vulnerable groups. The current phenomenon shows that teenagers have a low level of financial literacy and are a psychologically vulnerable group. This study aims to: first, examine the effect of financial socialization agents, which have the potential to impact the level of financial literacy in teenagers. The second objective was to examine the effect of financial literacy on financial emergencies during the pandemic. The extent of the financial distress has a negative impact on the health and performance of the students (not attending classes and poor academic performance). The third goal of this research is to examine the effect of financial literacy and financial distress on coping behaviors. This study used 206 respondents. Hypothesis testing with structural equation modeling using Partial Least Squares (PLS). Based on the results of the factor analysis test, parents and family, people other than parents (teachers and financial professionals), and formal education are the financial socialization agents that affect financial literacy. The results of this study find empirical evidence that financial literacy has a negative impact on financial distress, and that financial literacy has a significant negative impact on financial distress, both directly and through coping behaviors. Implications and suggestions for future research are also suggested.

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Luo, Zheng, Luyao Xue, Li Ma et Zhengkui Liu. « Comorbid Anxiety and Depression and Related Factors Among Pregnant and Postpartum Chinese Women During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic ». Frontiers in Psychology 12 (18 octobre 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701629.

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Objective: To identify the prevalence of comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD) and analyze the relationship between CAD and sociodemographic and obstetric-related variables in pregnant and postpartum Chinese women during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Participants were 2,237 pregnant and postpartum women (aged 19–47 years) who visited various medical institutions in China between February 28, 2020, and April 26, 2020. They were asked to complete an online survey assessing the anxiety and depression, obstetric characteristics, and sociodemographic variables. The women were grouped into the following categories in accordance with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9): (a) CAD, (b) “anxiety only,” (c) “depression only,” and (d) “no depression or anxiety.” After estimating the prevalence of CAD, “anxiety only,” and “depression only,” we carried out chi-squared tests and multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the related factors between these groups of pregnant and postpartum Chinese women.Results: Comorbid anxiety and depression, “anxiety only,” and “depression only,” occurred in 6.3, 5.8, and 3.9% of participants, respectively. The prevalence rates of CAD during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and the postpartum period were found to be 7.4, 6.5, 5.7, and 8.2%, respectively. The factors that differed among the groups were age (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.001), level of education (p < 0.05), family support (p < 0.001), and total live births (p < 0.001). “Poor family support” (odds ratio (OR): 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–2.78; p = 0.0009) and “no birth” (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.32–2.75; p = 0.0006) remained significant factors for the CAD group, while “poor family support” (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.34–3.47; p = 0.0015) remained a significant factor for the “depression only” group when their results were compared to those of the “no depression or anxiety” group in the multiple logistic regression analysis.Conclusion: Pregnant and postpartum Chinese women with poor family support and primipara are at high risk for CAD during the COVID-19 pandemic. These results support the need for targeted perinatal programs to address CAD in pregnant and postpartum women during the pandemic period.

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Soltani, Ghodratollah, Arash Poursheikhani, Maryam Yassi, Abdorasool Hayatbakhsh, Matin Kerachian et Mohammad Amin Kerachian. « Obesity, diabetes and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer ». BMC Endocrine Disorders 19, n^o 1 (29 octobre 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12902-019-0444-6.

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Abstract Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In the current case-control study, an association between diagnosis of CRC, obesity and diabetes was investigated. Methods Demographic characteristics, colonoscopy reports, history of drug, smoking, and medical history were collected from patients referred to a colonoscopy unit. The location, size and number of the polyps were recorded during the colonoscopy. Statistically, t-test was conducted for mean comparison for the groups. Pearson’s chi-squared test (χ2) was applied to categorize variables. Five classification methods based on the important clinicopathological characteristics such as age, BMI, diabetes, family history of colon cancer was performed to predict the results of colonoscopy. Results Overall, 693 patients participated in this study. In the present study, 115 and 515 patients were evaluated for adenoma/adenocarcinoma and normal colonoscopy, respectively. The mean age of patients positive for adenoma or adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than the negative groups (p value < 0.001). Incidence of overweight and/or obesity (BMI > 25 kg/m2) were significantly higher in adenoma positive patients as compared to controls (49.9 and 0.9% respectively, p value = 0.04). The results also demonstrated a significant association between suffering from diabetes and having colon adenoma (OR = 1.831, 95%CI = 1.058–3.169, p value = 0.023). The experimental results of 5 classification methods on higher risk factors between colon adenoma and normal colonoscopy data were more than 82% and less than 0.42 for the percentage of classification accuracy and root mean squared error, respectively. Conclusions In the current study, the occurrence of obesity measured based on BMI and diabetes in the adenoma positive patient group was significantly higher than the control group although there was no notable association between obesity, diabetes and adenocarcinoma.

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Patterson, Joanne G., Alice Hinton, Sarah E. Cooper et Mary Ellen Wewers. « Differences in Quit Attempts, Successful Quits, Methods, and Motivations in a Longitudinal Cohort of Adult Tobacco Users by Sexual Orientation ». Nicotine & ; Tobacco Research, 1 juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntab116.

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Abstract Introduction Sexual minority (SM) tobacco users are less likely to successfully quit than heterosexuals, yet little evidence describes cessation behaviors in this population over time. Aims and Methods Our study investigated quit motivations, attempts, and methods in a longitudinal cohort of adult tobacco users by sexual orientation. Participants (N = 1177) completed interviews every 6 months through 48 months and reported quit attempts (24-hour tobacco free), successful quits (7-day point prevalence abstinence), motivations, and methods. Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests assessed differences by heterosexual and SM orientation, gender, and quit outcome (attempt-only vs. successful quit). Results Quit rates were similar for heterosexual and SM adults. Over half attempted to quit at least once over 48 months, but few remained abstinent (SM: 16.9%; heterosexual: 12.1%). Most used nicotine replacement therapy (SM: 31.9%; heterosexual: 26.1%) or tobacco product substitution (SM: 27.7%; heterosexual: 21.2%). Few used quitlines (SM: 4.3%; heterosexual: 1.3%) or Internet-based programs (SM: 6.4%; heterosexual: 1.3%). Quit motivations included health concerns, family, and physical fitness. Participants reporting a successful quit were more likely to report a household member quit smoking than 24-hour quit attempters. Among participants reporting a successful quit, more SM than heterosexual participants reported that a coworker quit smoking (55.6% vs. 33.1%, p = .009). Conclusions We found few differences between heterosexual and SM tobacco users in our sample. Many repeatedly attempt to quit, yet few used evidence-based methods. Leveraging online quit programs, health messages, and family members in tailored cessation interventions may help SM and heterosexual tobacco users successfully quit. Implications SM and heterosexual tobacco users evidenced few differences in quit behaviors. Over 4 years, a majority attempted to quit, with over a third making repeated quit attempts. Nicotine replacement therapy and tobacco product substitution were mostly used during quit attempts; however, more SM than heterosexual men reported using web-based quit programs. Personal health and family concerns were universal motivations to quit, yet SM women also cited physical fitness as a primary motivation. Tobacco users reporting that a household member stopped smoking were more likely to successfully quit. More SM than heterosexual men reported that a coworker quit smoking.

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E. W. Grafarend. « Field lines of gravity, their curvature and torsion, the Lagrange and the Hamilton equations of the plumbline ». Annals of Geophysics 40, n^o 5 (18 octobre 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-3859.

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The length of the gravitational field lines/of the orthogonal trajectories of a family of gravity equipotential surfaces/of the plumbline between a terrestrial topographic point and a point on a reference equipotential surface like the geoid í also known as the orthometric height í plays a central role in Satellite Geodesy as well as in Physical Geodesy. As soon as we determine the geometry of the Earth pointwise by means of a satellite GPS (Global Positioning System: «global problem solver») we are left with the problem of converting ellipsoidal heights (geometric heights) into orthometric heights (physical heights). For the computation of the plumbline we derive its three differential equations of first order as well as the three geodesic equations of second order. The three differential equations of second order take the form of a Newton differential equation when we introduce the parameter time via the Marussi gauge on a conformally flat three-dimensional Riemann manifold and the generalized force field, the gradient of the superpotential, namely the modulus of gravity squared and taken half. In particular, we compute curvature and torsion of the plumbline and prove their functional relationship to the second and third derivatives of the gravity potential. For a spherically symmetric gravity field, curvature and torsion of the plumbline are zero, the plumbline is straight. Finally we derive the three Lagrangean as well as the six Hamiltonian differential equations of the plumbline, in particular in their star form with respect to Marussi gauge.

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