Bibliographies thématiques / Thermohaline change

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Thermohaline change »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Thermohaline change"

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Liu, Zhengyu. « Instability of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation : Observations, Modelling and Relevance to Present and Future ». Atmosphere 14, no 6 (12 juin 2023) : 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14061011.

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The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has changed dramatically during the glacial–interglacial cycle. One leading hypothesis for these abrupt changes is thermohaline instability. Here, I review recent progress towards understanding thermohaline instability in both observations and modelling. Proxy records available seem to favor thermohaline instability as the cause of the abrupt climate changes during the glacial–deglacial period because the deep North Atlantic water mass and AMOC seemed to have changed before the North Atlantic climate. However, most fully Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) so far seem to exhibit monostable AMOC, because (1) these models have failed to simulate abrupt AMOC changes unless they are forced by an abrupt change of external forcing and, (2) these models have shown opposite freshwater convergence from the current observations. This potential model bias in the AMOC stability leaves the model projection of the future AMOC change uncertain.
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Schatterer, Ulrich, et Peter Anderman. « Thermohaline Circulation – Rapid Climate Change ? » GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society 8, no 3 (1 septembre 1999) : 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/gaia.8.3.7.

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Anthoff, David, Francisco Estrada et Richard S. J. Tol. « Shutting Down the Thermohaline Circulation ». American Economic Review 106, no 5 (1 mai 2016) : 602–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161102.

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Past climatic changes were caused by a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation. We use results from experiments with three climate models to show that the expected cooling due to a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation is less in magnitude than the expected warming due to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. The integrated assessment model FUND and a meta-analysis of climate impacts are used to evaluate the change in human welfare. We find modest but by and large positive effects on human welfare since a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation implies decelerated warming.
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Eldevik, Tor, et Jan Even Ø. Nilsen. « The Arctic–Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation* ». Journal of Climate 26, no 21 (16 octobre 2013) : 8698–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00305.1.

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Abstract The Atlantic Ocean's thermohaline circulation is an important modulator of global climate. Its northern branch extends through the Nordic Seas to the cold Arctic, a region that appears to be particularly influenced by climate change. A thermohaline circulation is fundamentally concerned with two degrees of freedom. This is in particular the case for the inflow of warm and saline Atlantic Water through the Nordic Seas toward the Arctic that is balanced by two branches of outflow. The authors present an analytical model, rooted in observations, that constrains the strength and structure of this Arctic–Atlantic thermohaline circulation. It is found, maybe surprisingly, that the strength of Atlantic inflow is relatively insensitive to anomalous freshwater input; it mainly reflects changes in northern heat loss. Freshwater anomalies are predominantly balanced by the inflow's partition into estuarine and overturning circulation with southward polar outflow in the surface and dense overflow at depth, respectively. More quantitatively, the approach presented herein provides a relatively simple framework for making closed and consistent inference on the thermohaline circulation's response to observed or estimated past and future change in the northern seas.
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He, Zikang, Xiangyu Wu, Baogang Jin, Zhiqiang Chen, Juan Liu et Zhaoyi Wang. « Three-Dimensional Thermohaline Structure Reconstruction in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from HY-2 Satellite Data Based on a Variational Method ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2486, no 1 (1 mai 2023) : 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2486/1/012035.

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Abstract In this study, a variational method was used to reconstruct three-dimensional thermohaline fields in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. First, we evaluate the applicability of HY-2 satellite data in three-dimensional thermohaline fields reconstructions, and it confirms that the HY-2 data are reliable. A comparison with the forecast products of operational system shows the reconstructions can describe the structural characteristics of the ocean three-dimensional thermohaline fields and reflect the mesoscale change process of the ocean.
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Marotzke, J. « Abrupt climate change and thermohaline circulation : Mechanisms and predictability ». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 97, no 4 (15 février 2000) : 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.4.1347.

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Tayar, Jamie, et Meridith Joyce. « Is Thermohaline Mixing the Full Story ? Evidence for Separate Mixing Events near the Red Giant Branch Bump ». Astrophysical Journal Letters 935, no 2 (1 août 2022) : L30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac85ab.

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Abstract The abundances of mixing-sensitive elements including lithium, [C/N], and 12C/13C are known to change near the red giant branch bump. The explanation most often offered for these alterations is double diffusive thermohaline mixing in the stellar interior. In this analysis, we investigate the ability of thermohaline mixing to explain the observed timing of these chemical depletion events. Recent observational measurements of lithium and [C/N] show that the abundance of lithium decreases before the abundance of [C/N], whereas numerical simulations of the propagation of the thermohaline-mixing region computed with MESA show that the synthetic abundances drop simultaneously. We therefore conclude that thermohaline mixing alone cannot explain the distinct events of lithium depletion and [C/N] depletion, as the simultaneity predicted by simulations is not consistent with the observation of separate drops. We thus invite more sophisticated theoretical explanations for the observed temporal separation of these chemical depletion episodes as well as more extensive observational explorations across a range of masses and metallicities.
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Bensi, Manuel, Vedrana Kovačević, Leonardo Langone, Stefano Aliani, Laura Ursella, Ilona Goszczko, Thomas Soltwedel et al. « Deep Flow Variability Offshore South-West Svalbard (Fram Strait) ». Water 11, no 4 (2 avril 2019) : 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040683.

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Water mass generation and mixing in the eastern Fram Strait are strongly influenced by the interaction between Atlantic and Arctic waters and by the local atmospheric forcing, which produce dense water that substantially contributes to maintaining the global thermohaline circulation. The West Spitsbergen margin is an ideal area to study such processes. Hence, in order to investigate the deep flow variability on short-term, seasonal, and multiannual timescales, two moorings were deployed at ~1040 m depth on the southwest Spitsbergen continental slope. We present and discuss time series data collected between June 2014 and June 2016. They reveal thermohaline and current fluctuations that were largest from October to April, when the deep layer, typically occupied by Norwegian Sea Deep Water, was perturbed by sporadic intrusions of warmer, saltier, and less dense water. Surprisingly, the observed anomalies occurred quasi-simultaneously at both sites, despite their distance (~170 km). We argue that these anomalies may arise mainly by the effect of topographically trapped waves excited and modulated by atmospheric forcing. Propagation of internal waves causes a change in the vertical distribution of the Atlantic water, which can reach deep layers. During such events, strong currents typically precede thermohaline variations without significant changes in turbidity. However, turbidity increases during April–June in concomitance with enhanced downslope currents. Since prolonged injections of warm water within the deep layer could lead to a progressive reduction of the density of the abyssal water moving toward the Arctic Ocean, understanding the interplay between shelf, slope, and deep waters along the west Spitsbergen margin could be crucial for making projections on future changes in the global thermohaline circulation.
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Lagarde, N., C. Reylé, A. C. Robin, G. Tautvaišienė, A. Drazdauskas, Š. Mikolaitis, R. Minkevičiūtė et al. « The Gaia-ESO Survey : impact of extra mixing on C and N abundances of giant stars ». Astronomy & ; Astrophysics 621 (21 décembre 2018) : A24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732433.

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Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey using FLAMES at the VLT has obtained high-resolution UVES spectra for a large number of giant stars, allowing a determination of the abundances of the key chemical elements carbon and nitrogen at their surface. The surface abundances of these chemical species are known to change in stars during their evolution on the red giant branch (RGB) after the first dredge-up episode, as a result of the extra mixing phenomena. Aims. We investigate the effects of thermohaline mixing on C and N abundances using the first comparison between the Gaia-ESO survey [C/N] determinations with simulations of the observed fields using a model of stellar population synthesis. Methods. We explore the effects of thermohaline mixing on the chemical properties of giants through stellar evolutionary models computed with the stellar evolution code STAREVOL. We include these stellar evolution models in the Besançon Galaxy model to simulate the [C/N] distributions determined from the UVES spectra of the Gaia-ESO survey and to compare them with the observations. Results. Theoretical predictions including the effect of thermohaline mixing are in good agreement with the observations. However, the field stars in the Gaia-ESO survey with C and N abundance measurements have a metallicity close to solar, where the efficiency of thermohaline mixing is not very large. The C and N abundances derived by the Gaia-ESO survey in open and globular clusters clearly show the impact of thermohaline mixing at low metallicity, which explains the [C/N] value observed in lower mass and older giant stars. Using independent observations of carbon isotopic ratio in clump field stars and open clusters, we also confirm that thermohaline mixing should be taken into account to explain the behaviour of 12C/13C as a function of stellar age. Conclusions. Overall, the current model including thermohaline mixing is able to reproduce very well the C and N abundances over the whole metallicity range investigated by the Gaia-ESO survey data.
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Clark, Peter U., Nicklas G. Pisias, Thomas F. Stocker et Andrew J. Weaver. « The role of the thermohaline circulation in abrupt climate change ». Nature 415, no 6874 (février 2002) : 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/415863a.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Thermohaline change"

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Evans, Dafydd Gwyn. « Heating and cooling or ebbing and flowing ? : oceanic change from a thermohaline perspective ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/403352/.

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This thesis develops and applies novel methods to understand water mass variability and change in the global ocean. A water mass framework is developed that determines the diathermal and diahaline transformations of water between water mass classes from the temporal variations in their volumetric distribution. Water masses are defined in terms of their temperature and salinity. This reveals the roles of air--sea fluxes, mixing and transport changes. The second chapter explores the drivers of interannual variability in the overturning circulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre using the water mass framework. Variations in the volumetric distribution of water masses reveal that transport anomalies at the gyre boundaries predominantly set the volume and heat budget and that these transport anomalies are governed by Ekman pumping over the gyre. In the third and fourth chapters of this thesis the water mass framework is applied to observations of temperature and salinity in the Southern Ocean. Seasonal variations in the distribution of water masses reveal the imprint of the Southern Ocean overturning. This highlights the importance of seasonally varying air-sea fluxes in the formation of intermediate water at the expense of deep water, winter water and surface water. This reveals a diabatic pathway for the upwelling and conversion of deep water into intermediate water. Deep water is first cooled and freshened during the winter by mixing with overlying winter water triggered by a cabbeling instability. Sea ice-melt and surface heating then warm and freshen this seasonally formed water mass to create intermediate water during the summer months. These results suggest that the process of cabbeling could be a rate determining step in the global overturning circulation and the upwelling of deep waters. The fifth chapter of this thesis explores an alternative method to determine a volumetric distribution using individual Argo profiles. The volumetric distribution determined using this profile based estimate is compared to the distribution calculated using a geographically interpolated dataset. This comparison reveals that the interpolation scheme used to geographically grid Argo appears to artificially mix water masses toward the centre of the distribution.
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Kleinen, Thomas Christopher. « Stochastic information in the assessment of climate change ». Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975745441.

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Silvy, Yona. « Emergence des changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur en réponse au changement climatique : échelles de temps et mécanismes ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS124.

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Le changement climatique d’origine humaine impacte déjà toutes les régions habitées de la planète. 90% de l’excès de chaleur associé aux activités humaines a été absorbé par l’océan depuis les années 1970, atténuant en grande partie le réchauffement atmosphérique, mais impactant fortement les sociétés humaines et la vie marine. Dans cette thèse, j’explore à l’aide d’ensembles de modèles de climat et de simulations numériques dédiées, où et quand les changements de température et de salinité dans l’océan intérieur deviennent assez grands pour être différenciés de la variabilité interne, ainsi que les mécanismes physiques associés. Nous trouvons ainsi que le signal climatique dans les masses d’eau de l’océan supérieur émerge entre la fin du XXème et les premières décennies du XXIème siècle. Les eaux modales des moyennes latitudes de l’hémisphère Sud émergent plus tôt que leurs homologues de l’hémisphère Nord. Le réchauffement associé à ces échelles de temps est principalement du à une absorption de chaleur transportée passivement dans l’océan intérieur. Dans les profondeurs de l’océan, les changements de circulation jouent un rôle plus important aux échelles de temps d’émergence du signal climatique. Le gain de flottabilité en surface dans les régions subpolaires provoque un ralentissement de la circulation méridienne de retournement. Cela réchauffe les eaux intérieures et abyssales de l’Océan Austral dès le milieu du XXème, venant s’ajouter au faible transport passif de chaleur, alors que cela le contre dans les profondeurs de l’Atlantique Nord et retarde l’émergence. Bien que les modèles de climat passent à côté de certains aspects importants de la réponse océanique au changement climatique, ils permettent d’apporter des éléments sur l’équilibre de processus en jeu, et suggèrent que l’influence humaine impacte déjà de grandes parties de l’océan
Human-induced climate change is already affecting every inhabited region of the planet. Yet, over 90% of the excess heat associated with human activities has been absorbed by the ocean since the 1970s, which acts to largely damp atmospheric warming, but has large impacts on human societies and marine life. In this thesis, I explore when and where thermohaline changes in the ocean interior become large enough to be unambiguously set apart from internal variability and investigate their associated physical drivers, using ensembles of climate models and dedicated numerical experiments. We find that the climate signal in the upper ocean water-masses emerges between the late 20th century and the first decades of the 21st. The Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude Mode Waters emerge before their Northern Hemisphere counterparts. The associated warming at these timescales is mostly caused by the uptake of heat from the atmosphere, passively transported into the ocean interior. In the deeper parts of the ocean, circulation changes play a more important role in the emergence timescales of the climate signals. Increased buoyancy gain at the surface in the subpolar areas cause a slowdown in the meridional overturning circulation. This warms the subsurface and abyssal waters in the Southern Ocean as soon as the mid-20th century, adding up to the weaker passive uptake of heat, but counteracts it in the deep North Atlantic over the 21st, delaying the emergence. Although climate models miss some important aspects of the ocean response to climate change, they allow to shed light on the balance of processes at play, and suggest anthropogenic influence has already spread to large parts of the ocean
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Woodman, Matthew Raymond Henry. « The thermohaline circulation : its importance in climate changes ». Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269960.

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Yang, Ming Rial Jose A. « Internal oscillations of the thermohaline circulation and abrupt climate changes during the last Ice Age and perhaps in the future ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,620.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geological Sciences." Discipline: Geology; Department/School: Geological Sciences.
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Romanova, Vanya. « Stability of the climate system and extreme climates in model experiments = Stabilität des Klimasystems und extreme Klimate in Modellexperimenten / ». Bremerhaven : Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/495760498.pdf.

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De, Boyer Montégut Clément. « Couche melangee oceanique et bilan thermohalin de surface dans l'Ocean Indien Nord ». Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011449.

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L'objectif de cette these est de determiner quels sont les processus oceaniques et atmospheriques qui controlent la variabilite saisonniere et interannuelle de la Temperature de Surface Oceanique (TSO) dans l'Ocean Indien Nord. Notre approche consiste a utiliser un modele de circulation generale oceanique force et a analyser les termes oceaniques et atmospheriques qui influencent la TSO, representee par la temperature de la couche melangee. Cette couche de surface est donc primordiale dans cette etude. S'assurer qu'elle est bien representee par le modele oceanique nous permet d'obtenir des resultats plus robustes concernant les variations potentiellement faibles de la TSO dans cette region. La premiere etape de notre travail consiste donc a mettre au point un atlas de profondeur de couche melangee oceanique a partir d'observations. Etant donne l'interet potentiel pour d'autres regions de l'ocean d'un tel champ, cet atlas est etabli a l'echelle globale. Grace a une methodologie innovante, basee sur le traitement direct de profils oceaniques individuels, ce nouvel atlas presente plus de details dans les structures oceaniques classiques et moins de biais que les atlas precedents. Cette etude montre egalement le role de la salinite sur la profondeur de la couche melangee. Ainsi, outre les regions de couches barrieres classiques, on met en evidence des zones de compensations
verticales en densite en hiver dans les gyres subtropicales et dans la zone de convergence subtropicale. On propose des mecanismes de formation de ces structures peu discutees precedemment.

L'analyse des bilans thermohalins de la couche melangee du modele d'ocean nous montre ensuite plusieurs preuves du role de l'Ocean Indien Nord dans la regulation de la TSO. Meme si le vent reste un facteur important dans le controle du cycle saisonnier de la TSO, plusieurs phenomenes oceaniques participent activement
a cette variabilite. En ete, dans l'ouest de la Mer d'Arabie, les upwellings oceaniques contribuent a diminuer considerablement la TSO et dominent la contribution atmospherique. A l'est de la Mer d'Arabie et dans le Golfe du Bengale, la salinite de surface est en grande partie controlee par les courants oceaniques de mousson. Les couches barrieres creees par ces changements de salinite en surface permettent de stocker de la chaleur sous la couche melangee et de la redistribuer par entrainement en hiver. A l'echelle interannuelle, a l'ouest de la Mer d'Arabie, les vents et le melange oceanique vertical participent aussi de maniere equivalente a la variabilite de la TSO. Cependant, les mecanismes de regulation de la TSO semblent etre plus complexes qu'a l'echelle saisonniere et necessitent une etude plus approfondie.
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Machado, Jéferson Prietsch. « Resposta das circulações oceânica e atmosférica associada ao enfraquecimento da circulação termohalina global ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5231.

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The global thermohaline circulation (THC) is the transport of ocean water masses caused by differences in the sea water density due to variations in temperature and salinity. Studies have shown that increased precipitation in high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the sea ice melting of the Arctic region generates a freshwater flow of in the North Atlantic which is able to shutoff the formation of deep water and hence desintensifies the THC. Considering the above, this study investigates the anomalous pattern of the oceanic and atmospheric circulation by introducing an increase of 1 Sverdrup (Sv) (1 Sv = 106m3s-1) of freshwater into the North Atlantic, based on simulations performed with the LOVECLIM model. The results show that the weakening of the THC leads to strong cooling in the North Atlantic region whereas the extratropical Southern Hemisphere warms. The weakening of the THC also changes the patterns of atmospheric circulation, inducing a reduction in the subtropical jet speed due to the smooth thermal gradient between the equator and the southern hemisphere polar region. Furthermore, the intertropical convergence zone moves southwards and changes the precipitation regime of the north and the northeastern part of Brazil. The reduction of the THC also leads to changes in the baroclinic instability in the middle and high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere.
A Circulação Termohalina Global (CTG) consiste no transporte de massas d água oceânicas associado a diferenças na densidade da água do mar devido a variações de temperatura e salinidade. Estudos têm demonstrado que o aumento da precipitação em altas latitudes do Hemisfério Norte e o derretimento do gelo da região do Ártico podem gerar um fluxo de água doce no Oceano Atlântico Norte, capaz de interromper a formação de água profunda e, conseqüentemente, reduzir a CTG. Diante do exposto, o objetivo do trabalho é investigar o comportamento anômalo das circulações oceânica e atmosférica devido a um aumento de 1 Sverdrup (Sv) (1 Sv = 106m3s-1) no transporte de água doce no Atlântico Norte, com base em simulações realizadas com um modelo climático acoplado (LOVECLIM). Os resultados demonstram que o enfraquecimento da CTG provoca um forte resfriamento no Atlântico Norte enquanto que a região extratropical do Hemisfério Sul aquece. A inibição da CTG também muda os padrões da circulação atmosférica, se observa uma redução na corrente de jato subtropical devido o menor gradiente térmico entre o equador e a região polar austral. Além disso, a zona de convergência intertropical desloca-se para sul alterando o regime de precipitação das regiões norte e nordeste do Brasil. Por outro lado existe um enfraquecimento da instabilidade baroclínica nas latitudes médias e altas do Hemisfério Sul.
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Khélifi, Nabil [Verfasser]. « Variations in Mediterranean outflow water and its salt discharge versus Pliocene changes in North Atlantic thermohaline circulation prior and during the onset of major Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, 3.7 – 2.6 Ma / Nabil Khélifi ». Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1019984562/34.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Thermohaline change"

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Marchal, Olivier, Thomas F. Stocker et Fortunat Joos. « Physical and biogeochemical responses to freshwater-induced thermohaline variability in a zonally averaged ocean model ». Dans Mechanisms of Global Climate Change at Millennial Time Scales, 263–84. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm112p0263.

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Broecker, Wallace S. « Musings about the connection between thermohaline circulation and climate ». Dans Ocean Circulation : Mechanisms and Impacts—Past and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning, 265–78. Washington, D. C. : American Geophysical Union, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/173gm17.

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« THERMOHALINE ». Dans The Complete Guide to Climate Change, 387–91. Routledge, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203888469-64.

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« Are We Headed for a Thermohaline Catastrophe ? » Dans Geological Perspectives of Global Climate Change, 83–95. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1306/st47737c5.

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Rudels, Bert. « The thermohaline circulation of the Arctic Ocean and the Greenland Sea ». Dans The Arctic and Environmental Change, 87–99. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315137759-8.

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Dolman, Han. « Physics and Dynamics of the Oceans ». Dans Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate, 91–104. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779308.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on the physics and dynamics of the ocean. It describes the variability of salinity and surface temperature, as well as the vertical temperature structure of the ocean, with the thermocline separating the variable top layer from the deeper ocean. It then describes the key forces in the ocean, as well as the geostrophic balance due to the Coriolis force and density differences. It derives the equations for the change of velocity with depth, the Ekman flow. Barotropic flow and baroclinic flow are elucidated and the general circulation of the ocean, with gyres and the effect of vorticity on their structure, is shown. The thermohaline circulation of the ocean with surface flow and returning deep ocean flows is described. Next, a simple model is used to show how salinity interacts with the thermohaline flow. Finally, as an example of ocean–land interaction, the El Niño phenomenon is described.
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A. Harris, Stuart. « Causes and Mechanisms of Global Warming/Climate Change ». Dans The Nature, Causes, Effects and Mitigation of Climate Change on the Environment. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101416.

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Comparison of the average mean surface air temperature around the world during 1951–1978 with that for 2010–2019 shows that the bulk of the warming is around the North Atlantic/Arctic region in contrast to the Antarctic ice sheet. Obviously, the temperature change is not global. Since there is a substantial difference between solar heat absorption between the equator and the poles, heat must be moving to the North Pole by surface ocean currents and tropical cyclones. The cold, dry Arctic air coming from Siberia picks up heat and moisture from the open oceans, making the sea water denser so that the warm water sinks slowly down to c. 2000 m. A deep-water thermohaline flow (THC) transports the excess hot (c. 18°C) water south to Antarctica. It is replaced by a cold (c. 2°C) surface water from that area. The latter quickly cool western Europe and Siberia, and glaciers start to advance in Greenland within about 10 years. The THC flow decreases in Interglacials, causing the increased build-up of heat in the Northern Hemisphere (c. 60% currently stored in the Atlantic Ocean), and the ice cover in the Arctic Ocean thaws. Several such cycles may take place during a single major cold event.
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Kent, Michael. « The Ocean in Motion ». Dans The Marine Environment and Biodiversity. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780198869085.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the water cycle. Seawater is constantly on the move, escaping into the atmosphere to play an essential role in the water cycle. The most obvious signs of water movement in the sea are surface waves driven mainly by the wind. Tides, the rhythmical rise and fall of sea level, are responsible for dramatic variations in conditions to which intertidal organisms have become adapted. The chapter then explains the ocean circulation system, which consists of surface currents and subsurface currents. Surface currents form an interconnecting series of circulating systems called gyres. Meanwhile, subsurface currents are driven mainly by density changes in the seawater to create a thermohaline circulation. The combined movements of the cool subsurface and warm surface currents form the Ocean Conveyor Belt that interconnects all parts of the global ocean.
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Ivanova, E. V., et I. O. Murdmaa. « Postglacial paleoceanology of the Barents sea ». Dans THE BARENTS SEA SYSTEM, 109–26. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29006/978-5-6045110-0-8/(10).

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The Chapter presents reconstructions of ice sheet boundaries, surface- and bottom-water environments in the Barents Sea for several postglacial intervals. The evolution of the basin during deglaciation is considered in relation to climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and variations in the intensity of Atlantic water inflow from the last glacial maximum to the Holocene. Particular attention is paid to changes in the dominant sedimentation processes and to diachronous character of deglaciation. Reconstructions are based on our own (more than 30 deep-sea cores) and published data with the account for the available regional schemes of deglaciation. The early stage of degradation of the Scandinavian-Barents Sea ice sheet was completed by the beginning of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial. This warming was characterized by a significant increase in the Atlantic water penetration in the Barents Sea linked to a re-organization of global thermohaline circulation. The new increases in the Atlantic water inflow into shelf depressions occurred at the end of Younger Dryas and in Preboreal. In the Holocene, glaciomarine sedimentation was replaced by the marine hemipelagic one in the deep troughs and depressions.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Thermohaline change"

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Geoffroy, Sandrien, Sophie Mergui et Christine Benard. « Experimental Study of Heat and Mass Transfers at the Interface of Solidification of a Binary Solution ». Dans ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31075.

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This paper deals with the experimental analysis of the influence of thermohaline natural convection on phase change liquid-solid of multicomponent mixtures. We present solidification experiments (dendritic front) from a horizontal plane heat exchanger placed in a cavity filled with a binary NH4Cl-H2O mixture. The solid grows simultaneously on the upper and lower faces of the exchanger and permits the study of two simultaneous configurations. We qualitatively study phenomena met in the presence of thermohaline convection in the liquid phase (cooling from the top) and we analyze in detail the case of the growth without convective movement in the liquid phase (cooling from the bottom). Thus, coupled effects of salt rejection and solid fraction on the front kinetics are examined by measurements of the front temperature and solid fraction. A simple model confirms the weak role played by these two phenomena for the range of characteristic parameters studied. Two conflicting effects of the solid fraction are nevertheless put in evidence.
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Kitazawa, Daisuke, et Jing Yang. « Numerical Study on Circulation and Thermohaline Structures With Effects of Icing Event in the Caspian Sea ». Dans ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20667.

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A hydrostatic and ice coupled model was developed to analyze circulation and thermohaline structures in the Caspian Sea. The northern part of the Caspian Sea freezes in the winter. Waters start icing in November and ices spread during December and January. The northern part of the Caspian Sea is covered by ices in severe winters. Ice-covered area is at its maximum during January and February, and then ices begin melting in March and disappear in April. The occurrence of ices must have significant effects on circulation and thermohaline structures as well as ecosystem in the northern Caspian Sea. In the present study, formation of ices is modeled assuming that ices do not move but spread and shrink on water surface. Under the ices, it is assumed that the exchange of momentum flux is impeded and the fluxes of heat and brine salt are given at sea-ice boundary. The ice model was coupled with a hydrostatic model based on MEC (Marine Environmental Committee) Ocean Model developed by the Japan Society of Naval Architect and Ocean Engineers. Numerical simulation was carried out for 20 years to achieve stable seasonal changes in current velocity, water temperature, and salinity. The fluxes of momentum, heat, and salt were estimated by using measurement data at 11 meteorological stations around the Caspian Sea. Inflow of Volga River was taken into account as representative of all the rivers which inflow into the Caspian Sea. Effects of icing event on circulation and thermohaline structures were discussed using the results of numerical simulation in the last year. As a result, the accuracy of predicting water temperature in the northern Caspian Sea was improved by taking the effects of icing event into account. Differences in density in the horizontal direction create several gyres with the effects of Coriolis force. The differences were caused by differences in heat capacity between coastal and open waters, differences in water temperature due to climate, and inflow of rivers in the northern Caspian Sea. The water current field in the Caspian Sea is formed by adding wind-driven current to the dominant density-driven current, which is based on horizontal differences in water temperature and salinity, and Coriolis force.
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Chen, Jun, Philippe Odier, Michael Rivera et Robert Ecke. « Measurement of Turbulent Mixing Along Slope in Stratified Flow ». Dans ASME 2006 2nd Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting Collocated With the 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2006-98539.

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The mixing phenomenon of ocean currents, which have different densities as well as velocities, are important to ocean dynamics and global climate modeling. One example is the outflow of the Greenland-Iceland-Norwegian Seas, where dense Arctic water overflows a ridge and spills downslope in a density-driven plume until it reaches the deep abyss of the Atlantic Ocean. On the way down it mixes with ambient water of different temperature and salinity. This process affects the global thermohaline circulation, which is a significant element in changes of the global climate. Laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate this problem. A turbulent jet is introduced into a water tank along an inclined plate. The density difference between the jet and the tank water produces a stably stratified boundary current. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) are applied to obtain simultaneous measurement of velocity field and density field along the slope at different downstream locations. On-going efforts are also discussed.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Thermohaline change"

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7160995.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), janvier 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5719940.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), octobre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/399687.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10117580.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Annual progress report No. 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10182567.

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Chang, Ping, et Charles Jackson. Searching for Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation Strength Threshold Leading to Abrupt Change of the African Monsoon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juillet 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1059285.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Annual progress report no. 3, January 15, 1992--December 14, 1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), décembre 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191853.

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Hanson, H. P. Thermohaline circulations and global climate change. Annual progress report No. 2, [15 January 1991--14 January 1992]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10126906.

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