Thèses sur le sujet « Theory of lyric »

This thesis is an examination of the subsection of T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land that is aptly named "The Fire Sermon." The hybrid nature of this famous poem makes it open to a variety of readings, and these readings are often conflicting. Thus, the work, in spite of being a seminal text in literature, can be difficult to teach due to the complexity of the piece itself. This fact makes choosing a pedagogical approach to teaching The Waste Land a challenge. With the goal of making Eliot's poem more explorable, this thesis will undertake the task of an examination of "The Fire Sermon" using two distinctive theories. The theories in question are the theory of the lyric, exemplified by Jonathan Culler's writing, and the theory of heteroglossia established by Mikhail Bakhtin. However, that analysis will be merely a stepping stone for a more strictly pedagogical question that this project seeks to answer. That question is, namely, the query of which branch of contemporary theory, narrative or lyric, is more apt to present the issues inherent in "The Fire Sermon" in an effective and teachable manner. Both positions have a number of positive attributes and elements that make them uniquely suited to the examination of Eliot's writing.
Master of Arts
Teaching poetry can be a difficult task. The basic question of “Why should I study poetry?” is one that many a professor has had to answer. While the scholarly community has done a decent job of articulating the value of the liberal arts, the specifics of how to teach difficult poetry is more of a gray area in scholarship. Certainly, a number of articles, opinions, and theories on how to best teach poetry exist, but creating a clear blueprint with examples of how to apply complex theories to a poem is essential to guiding new instructors into the field of teaching poetic works before an audience. This thesis is a work that shows several of the methods of studying poetry via an examination of several important poetic and narrative theories and the theorists that created said methods, and then the thesis undertakes a practical examination of a poem, a section of T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land. The purpose of this thesis is to make critical theories and abstract ideas more applicable and valuable as usable tools in the classroom, rather than having them exist as ideas without a practical application. Knowledge is, after all, something made to be shared.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Romance Languages." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.

The Middle English lyric, “Sir John Doth Play,” narrated in the female voice clearly depicts rape by a male authority figure and the narrator’s distress over her unplanned pregnancy, yet has been repeatedly interpreted and introduced by critics as a love song portraying the interaction of a seductive village priest and a gullible maiden. As such, the lyric provides a unique perspective on the patriarchal nature of the twentieth century and the value of critically re-examining literature rather than canonizing accepted interpretations of literary work.

How we approach a poem changes it. Recently, it has been suggested that one readerly approach - a bodily orientation characterised by distance, suspicion, and resistance - risks becoming reflexive, pre-conscious, and predominant. This use-oriented reading allows us to destabilise, denaturalise, dissect, defend, and define poetic texts through its manifestation in contemporary literary critique, yet it is coming to be regarded as the sole manner and mood of intelligent, intellectual engagement. In this thesis, I demonstrate the need to pluralise this attentive orientation, particularly when it comes to contemporary lyric poetry. I suggest how an overlooked mode of response might foster a more receptive mode of approach: the 'co-creative' response. Lyric poems mean to move us, and they come to mean by moving us. Recent 'simulation theories of language comprehension', from the field of cognitive neuroscience, provide empirical evidence that language processing is not a product of a-modal symbol manipulation but rather involves 'simulations' by certain classes of neurons in areas used for real-world action and perception. As habituation and abstraction increase, however, these embodied simulations 'streamline', becoming narrow schematic 'shadows' of once broad, qualitatively rich simulations. Poems, I suggest, seek to reverse this process by situationally novel variations of language, coming to mean in the broadly embodied sense in which real-world experiences 'mean'. Readers are asked to 'enact' the poem, to 'co-create' its meaning. Where critique traditionally requires that readers resist enactive participation in the aim of objective analysis, the co-creative response - a response 'in kind' by imitation, versioning, or hommage - asks readers to receive and carry forward the enactive unfolding of a poem with a composition of their own. I assert that, by thus responding with - rather than to - poems, we might foster an attentive stance of active receptivity, thereby coming to understand poems as the enactive phenomena they are.

This paper aims to study upper secondary school seniors’ relationship to poetry. The researchers seek to discover the students’ conceptualization of the subject of poetry. Fur-thermore, this paper will present a case study, in which sixteen students participate. The chosen research approach is Glaserian Grounded Theory, which in itself has a con-siderably comprehensive methodology. However, working with Grounded Theory enables an objective approach to the field of study, requested by the researchers. In course of this study, the researchers found that the lack of experi-ence in working with poetry was the students’ main con-cern. The theory, which was generated, therefore evolved from the previously mentioned main concern.

Cette étude se consacre à l’avènement du Je anti-lyrique dans la poésie italienne des années soixante. C’est à ce moment que la pensée post-métaphysique peut se dire assimilée par la culture italienne, qui y trouve une nouvelle clef de lecture de l’expérience de la guerre et du miracle économique. C’est aussi la période où le réel, cru et changeant, fait irruption dans l’expérience artistique. Elio Pagliarani, Mario Luzi et Vittorio Sereni nous ont parus des représentants emblématiques de cette nouvelle posture du sujet poétique. Nous avons étudié leurs ouvrages des années soixante par le biais de trois catégories principales : la mise en question du Je, le rapport entre le Je et le monde, le rapport entre le Je et les autres. Cette articulation nous a permis d’une part de suivre les trois étapes principales de la reformulation anti-lyrique du Je (face à lui-même, face au monde et face aux autres), et d’autre part de reconnaître une progression dans la perte de l’identité lyrique traditionnelle. Le poète, ayant perdu la consolation métaphysique, commence à rechercher la vérité dans le monde physique ; il comprend ensuite que la vérité des choses est éphémère et que toute unité est brisée ; et il donne enfin la voix à d’autres personnages, dans l’effort de comprendre ce questionnement polyphonique qui est désormais la véritable voix du monde et du poète lui-même
This research focuses on the rise of the anti-lyrical I in the Italian poetry of the Sixties. This was the time when the post-metaphysical philosophy had been fully assimilated by the Italian culture, which started using it as a new reading key to under- stand WW2 experience and the so-called economic miracle. This was also the time when the raw and ever-changing real broke into the artistic experience. Elio Paglia- rani, Mario Luzi and Vittorio Sereni seemed to us emblematic representatives of this new poetic subject's posture. We studied their poems from the Sixties under three main categories: the questioning of the I, the relationship between the I and the world, and the relationship between the I and the others. This structure allowed us firstly to follow the three main stages of the anti-lyrical reformulation of the I (confronted to himself, to the world and to the others) and secondly to recognize a progression in the loss of the traditional lyrical identity. Aware of the loss of any metaphysical consolation, the poet begins to seek the truth inside the physical world; he the realizes that even objects/things bear a fleeting truth and that any unity is broken; and he finally gives voice to other characters in the effort to understand the polyphonic questioning which has become by now the real voice of the world and of the poet himself

This study investigates the translation of song lyrics and presents an analysis of translation outcomes. While the majority of previous studies regarding song translation focuses on the translation of lyrics from musicals and operas, this study focuses on the translation of popular song lyrics. The lyrics of eight German songs and their English versions were analysed using the approximation approach (Franzon 2009) which divides smaller textual units into the categories paraphrase, metaphrase and addition. The target texts (henceforth TT) were also categorised according to Peter Low’s (2013) song translation categories, translation, adaptation and replacement text. The aim of this study is to determine to what degree the meaning of the source texts (henceforth ST) is transferred into the TTs and to determine how Franzon’s approximation approach can be used to determine if the TTs are translations, adaptations, or replacement texts. This study found that all TTs were mostly made up of paraphrases and metaphrases, which means that all TT derived to most parts directly from the STs i.e. the TT was written using mostly direct and oblique translations. Due to the low frequency of additions and all significant details of the STs being transferred into the TTs, all song translations analysed in this study were categorised as translations.

This thesis represents an analysis of symbolic expressions used to convey traditional Chinese cultural values in marital relations as expressed through costumes and lyrics in Peking Opera plays and performances. Two symbols, dragon and phoenix, were selected from the costume collection. Four symbols--bird, tiger, wild goose, and dragon--were selected from compilations of lyrics. These symbols were selected because they expressed Chinese core cultural values, an imperial ideology based on Confucian thoughts, which were practiced rigidly during Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Modeling Theory is applied to argue that dragon and phoenix as visual symbols convey ideas about characters' background, marital relationship, social status shifts, and socio-culturally desirable values. Social Drama Theory is employed to analyze the lyrics to understand how ideal images of husband and wife are constructed. The archetypes of Chinese traditional culture that have influenced Chinese thought and action for centuries are discovered and discussed.
M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication MA

The purpose of this study is to find and analyse conceptual metaphors in the lyrics, A Thousand Kissed Deep, Here It Is, and Boogie Street from the album Ten New Songs (2001) by Leonard Cohen using Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). In order to detected the conceptual metaphors, the source and target domains were identified. Conceptual metaphors were found by mapping source domains onto target domains and viewing the lexical expressions in the lyrics. The result and analysis of the findings in this study show that linguistic expressions of LOVE, LIFE and DEATH are conceptually present in the lyrics.

This thesis proposes a new theorization of song analysis based on practice-as-research and underpinned by structuralist narrative theory. In an examination of 300 number one songs, the research explores both the relationship of storytelling and musical structure in popular songwriting, and the nature of songwriting-as-research as a research paradigm. In doing so, the thesis and associated creative works seek to guide future songwriters and industry in how stories are most effectively conveyed in popular song lyric writing.

Notre étude met en regard les symbolismes francophones et anglophones européens à travers la figure de la fée. Passage obligé pour une majorité de petits et de grands poètes de la jeune génération symboliste, l’oeuvre à thème féerique manifeste des préoccupations communes à chacun d’entre eux : donner forme à une mémoire archaïque du merveilleux, construire une image idéalisée de la nation, revisiter par la fable l’expérience du ravissement poétique, interroger la légitimité de l’image et éprouver les possibilités de la voix poétique. Loin de se réduire à un symbole d’escapisme, le motif de la fée thématise espoirs, questionnements et failles du geste poétique symboliste. On voit comment, grâce à un topos merveilleux, un mouvement fragile et dispersé parvient à ouvrir dans l’espace du poème un lieu de dialogue national et transnational entre ses différents acteurs, et, plus encore, à s’inventer une identité et une histoire collectives qui vient compenser l’histoire officielle du mouvement
Our study takes a look at the symbolism in French and English literature, represented by the personage of the fairy. Writings with a mythical theme were an obligatory rite of passage for the majority of poets, big and small, in the young generation of the Symbolist movement. Their works share common concerns; the desire to create an archaic memory of the fabulous, to construct an ideal image of the nation, to revisit poetic rapture through storytelling, to question the legitimacy of the image and to test the possibilities of the poetic voice. Far from being reduced to a symbol of escapism, the motif of the fairy represents hope, questioning and flaws in the Symbolist movement. We can see how, thanks to an enchanted topos, a fragile and dispersed movement succeeded in opening up the literary tool of the poem to a national and transnational dialogue between its different actors, and moreover creating for itself an identity and a collective history which compensates for the official history of the movement. Is

The present thesis explores how masculinity is constructed and negotiated in relation to race, class and sexuality in hip hop in Sweden. Theoretically, the study contributes to the increasing use of contemporary feminist theory in men and masculinity research. In so doing, it brings into dialogue poststructuralist feminism, feminist phenomenology, intersectionality and queer theory. These theoretical perspectives are put to use in a discourse analysis of rap lyrics by 38 rap artists in Sweden from the period 1991-2011. The thesis is based on the following four articles: Sticky masculinity: Post-structuralism, phenomenology and subjectivity in critical studies on men explores how poststructuralist feminism and feminist phenomenology can advance the understanding of subjectivity within men and masculinity research. Drawing on Sara Ahmed, and offering re-readings of John Stoltenberg and Victor Seidler, the article develops the notion of “sticky masculinity”. Degrees of intersectionality: Male rap artists in Sweden negotiating class, race and gender analyzes how class, race, gender, and to some extent sexuality, intersect in rap lyrics by male artists. It shows how critiques of class and race inequalities in these lyrics intersect with normative notions of gender and sexuality. Drawing on this empirical analysis, the article suggests that the notion of “degrees of intersectionality” can be helpful in thinking about masculinity from an intersectional perspective. ‘No homo’: Straight inoculations and the queering of masculinity in Swedish hip hop explores the boundary work performed by male artists regarding sexuality categories. In particular, it analyzes how heterosexuality is sustained, given the affection expressed among male peers. To this end, the article develops the notion of “straight inoculations” to account for the rhetorical means by which heterosexual identities are sustained in a contested terrain. Hip hop feminism in Sweden: Intersectionality, feminist critique and female masculinity investigates lyrics by female artists in the male-dominated hip hop genre. The analysis shows how critique of gender inequality is a central theme in these lyrics, ranging from the hip hop scene to politics and men’s violence against women. The article also analyzes how female rappers both critique and perform masculinity.

碩士
國立成功大學
中國文學系
103
In Ching dynasty, Ci’s theory had gone through a ‘‘Ci’s Renaissance’’. Theories and works in Ci were both being active in Ching dynasty, which was very different from how sluggish Ci seemed to be in Ming Dynasty. Studies on the composers of Ci in Ching dynasty have reached some fruitful results, yet there is still some works that remain under discussed. The work of Zha Sheng, a composer from Haining country in early Ching dynasty, was one of the examples. This dissertation investigates the life and the work of Zha Sheng, examining the appendix ‘’Gong zhan gong Ci’s Poetry’’ of his work ‘’Gong zhan gong Collection’’. Zha Sheng’s life history, friend circles, and his style in Ci, have been closely scrutinized in order to define his role among the Ci composers in Ching dynasty.

碩士
國立成功大學
中國文學系
104
SUMMARY In Qing dynasty, Ci’s theory had gone through a “Ci’s Renaissance’’. Theories and works in Ci were both active in Qing dynasty, which was very different from how sluggish Ci seemed to be in Ming dynasty. Studies on the composers of Ci in Qing dynasty have reached some fruitful results, yet there is still some works that remain under discussed. The work of Liu SiWan, a compeoser from Wujin country in The Qianlong Jiaqing period, was one of examples. This dissertation investigates the life and the work of Liu SiWan, examining the appendix“Zheng chuan Ci’s Poetry’’ of his work“Shang jiong tang Collection’’. Liu SiWan’s life history ,friend circles, and his style in Ci, have been closely scrutinized in order to define his role among the Ci composers in Qing dynasty. Key word：Liu SiWan, Zheng chuan Ci’s Poetry, Ci in Qing dynasty, The Qing dynasty from Qianlong to Jiaqing Ci’s area INTRODUCTION Liu SiWan(1762-1821), the poet in the Qianlong Jiaqing period of Qing dynasty, was a famous literary author. He came from Wujin country and grew up in a literary family. He had a poertycollection collecting 267 pieces of Ci poems, which were neither collected by the Cornplete Ci－poetry of the Qing dynasty from Yongzheng to Qianlong, nor were them being embodied by the other supplements. There are a lot of his poems were the dialogue between Liu SiWan and his friends. Some of them are the advocate of Ci’ theory, including Kuo Lin, Chou ChihChi, Wu HsiLin. Some of them are the famous literary author of Qing dynasty, for example, Fa ShihShan, Tseng Yu, Yueh Chun. Liu SiWan’s poems, talk about the love, iandscape, art, express the author’s emotion. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maximum lifetime literary of Liu SiWan’s achievement works is“Shang jiong tang Collection’’. He had a poetrycollection collecting 267 pieces of Ci poems, which were neither collected by“Cornplete Ci’’. Liu SiWan always sound scholar less, so the first step of study is to translate his poetry. It refers to need find out all of allusions in the 267 pieces of Ci poems. Second, Survey Liu SiWan’s life history , friend circles , the political climate and his experience. Third, summed up the theme of the poem, find out their relationship, attributed his writing style and Special Artistic technique, the best technique of this literature is he put painting trchniques into the poem. Then, compared Liu SiWan’s style to the three major branches in Ci. Finally, description the results and special note Liu SiWan’s unique writing technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The dissertation investigates the life and the work of Liu SiWan, examining the appendix “Zheng chuan Ci’s Poetry” of his work “Shang jiong tang Collection”. In analyzing the text, his words can divided into five categories, love poems, narrative poems, art poetry, answering phrase, lyric poetry. In the poem, he showed artsy, erudite writer. That perhaps influenced by his family and his friend’s cultural background. He is good at express the homesick and underappreciated emotion. We can see that a depressed literary author from Liu SiWan’s poems. CONCLUSION Although studies on the composers of Ci in Qing dynasty have reached some fruitful results, yet there is still some works that remain under discussed. The work of Liu SiWan, a composer from Wujin country in The Qianlong Jiaqing period, was one of examples. This study can supplement the poetry of the Qing dynasty from Qianlong to Jiaqing. And define his role among, he is not belongs to the Ze Xi Sect’ and Chang Chou Sect’, he is a outstanding lyric poetry literati in the Qianlong Jiaqing period. All of above would help us to clear Liu SiWan’s life, style and influence. Liu SiWan’s other studies are considerably immeasurable. Therefore, we do not investigate other domains in this content.

碩士
東吳大學
中國文學系
101
The dissertation figures out the life and accomplishment of Gu Zhenguan through his living, friendship, and works. Gu Zhenguan grew up in a scholar family, which provided him a great environment of rudimentary knowledge. Generally, Gu’s life was separated into four parts, lifetime in hometown, official period, off job period, and reclusion period. Through the research, Gu’s friend relationship mainly distributed to two regions-- Chiang-Nan and the capital. Furthermore, both Wu Zhaoqian and Na Lan Xingde were the most important friends of Gu. Gu’s Works include “Ji Shu Yan poetry of Song Dynasty”, “Dan Zhi lyrics”, “Zheng Hui Tang poetry”, and “Gu Liang Fen lyrics and poems”. In fact, the “Dan Zhi lyrics” is the most wide-spreading one, which also owns various versions. Moreover, Gu edited the modern lyrics into “Jin Ci Chu ji” with Na Lan Xingde. In the theory of lyrics, Gu claimed that lyrics should full of emotion and spirit, moreover, filling lyrics should match the rules and forms accurately. Besides, Gu takes lyrics as a main style of writing, trying to correct the opposite view that handed down from Ming dynasty. In the selection of lyrics, Gu edited “Jin Ci Chu ji” with Na Lan Xingde. They tried to change the luxury fashions in poem forum. “Yi Sheng Chu Ji” is one of the represent collections during the Cing dynasty. Through the differences between “Jin Ci Chu ji” and “Yi Sheng Chu Ji”, it is clear about Gu’s opinions in the pursuit of emotion and spirit in lyrics. At Kang Si 53 years (1714), “Gu Jin Cih Syuan” , which edited by Shen Shih Dong, is regarded as the lyric theory of Gu’s latter part of life. It is familiar to part the different mind of Gu’s early part and latter part of life through the comparison between “Jin Ci Chu ji” and “Gu Jin Cih Syuan”. In writing lyrics, many works in “Dan Zhi lyrics” was made before Kang Si 23 years (1685). After the year, Gu was suffered from the death of Na Lan Xingde, and stopped to fill the lyrics. Therefore, “Dan Zhi lyrics” was regarded as the record of Gu’s experience and journey of heart from early youth to youth. The dissertation discusses Gu’s lyric works in two parts, “10 yearsin the capital” and “Removed from office”. Furthermore, the dissertation mentions to the informal essays of Gu’s different periods of life, which include various subjects like love, objects, and painting.

Rabbit Lake explores the concerns of citizens who testified at hearings held by the Rabbit Lake Uranium Mine Environmental Assessment Panel throughout Saskatchewan in 1993. The poems that form my thesis are both lyrical and experimental, derived in part from the voices found in the Rabbit Lake transcripts. Inspired by rhizome theory and rhizomorphous structures, the voices in my thesis are nomadic: their primary impulse is to map interconnected histories and geographies; in so doing, these voices transcend boundaries and coalesce to form a polyphonic, non-linear narrative. The influence of ecocritical theory is reflected in poems that draw the reader’s attention to the non-human world affected by uranium mining, most notably in an interspersed series of experiments detailing various forms of lichen found throughout Saskatchewan. Various other textual experiments, including collage and erasure, are lines of flight within the rhizome of the thesis. The inclusion of “(inaudible)” passages found in the transcripts is intended to draw the reader’s attention toward what was misheard or left unsaid at the hearings. The presence of an “unknown” speaker is designed as a poetic and political intervention that enables elaborations. Beginning with Canada’s historical involvement in the Manhattan Project, that is, the United States’ earliest attempt to build a nuclear weapon, my thesis moves from Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, and into the lakes and waterways of Saskatchewan’s north. The voices that emerge, situated in association with lakes and rivers, include a chorus of women and a chorus of Indigenous elders, an invented uranium mining corporation, “Uraneco,” and several scientists, including a biologist and geophysicist, as well as an invented cosmochemist and limnologist. From Saskatchewan’s northern waterways, the voices wander outward, evoking sites affected by the nuclear industry beyond Saskatchewan’s borders, from crops in the province’s south historically affected by fallout from nuclear weapons’ testing in Nevada, to radioactive detritus left in the deserts of Iraq due the United States’ use of depleted Canadian uranium in munitions. The intention behind this figurative explosion of the thesis is to illustrate the extent to which a seemingly isolated uranium mine may affect the whole world.

This dissertation addresses the way a linguistic grammar can yield to poetic organization in a poetic text. To this end, two corpora are studied: the sung lyrics of country music singer Hank Williams, Sr. and the rapped lyrics of gansgta rap artist Snoop Dogg. Following a review of relevant literature, an account of the poetic grammar for each corpus is provided, including the manifestation of musical meter and grouping in the linguistic text, the reflection of metrical grouping in systematic rhyme, and rhyme fellow correspondence. In the Williams corpus, final cadences pattern much as in the English folk verse studied in Hayes and MacEachern (1998), but differ in that there are more, and therefore more degrees of saliency. Rhyme patterns reflect grouping structure and correlate to patterns in final cadences, and imperfect rhyme is limited to phonologically similar codas. In the Snoop Dogg corpus syllables do not always align with the metrical grid, metrical mapping and rhyme patterning often challenge grouping structure, and imperfect rhyme is more diverse, as has been shown to be the case for contemporary rap generally (Krims 2000, Katz 2008). Following Rice (1997), Golston (1998), Reindl and Franks (2001), Michael (2003), and Fitzgerald (2003, 2007), meter, grouping and rhyme are modeled as driving phonological, morphological and syntactic deviation in Optimality Theoretic terms. In the Hank Williams corpus, metrical mapping and grouping constraints are shown to drive a number of linguistically deviatory phenomena including stress shift, syllabic variation and allomorphy, while rhyme patterning constraints govern syntactic inversion. In the Snoop Dogg corpus, rhyme fellow correspondence and rhyme patterning constraints play a more significant role, driving enjambment, syllabic variation, and allomorphy. Some linguistically deviatory phenomena derive from ordinary language variation, e.g. (flawr)~(flaw.[schwa]r), and some do not, e.g. syllable insertion in insista. The latter is more common in the Snoop Dogg corpus.
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Text in English with abstracts in English, isiZulu and Xhosa
Page numbering of table of contents inconsistent with dissertation. Appendix A : Full transcription only of Tip toe by Lacey May
What is it about the vocal melodies of popular music that make you want to listen again and again? This music-theoretical study applies principles of Gestalt psychology and theories of expectation to a study of melodic hooks in 21st-century popular music. The hypothesis tested here is that melodic hooks are a vital element in “catchiness”. Transcription and analysis of melodies by major recording artists is used to explore the note-to-note basis for melodic hooks. The analysis of recordings by Adele, Carly Rae Jepsen, Pharrell Williams and Robin Thicke shows how factors of repetition, familiarity, simplicity, resolution, ambiguity of key, and expectation all contribute to the sense of catchiness in music. A listener-response study was used to test the experience of catchiness in the case studies, and corroborates the hypothesis that catchiness depends principally on expectation as an overarching factor. The study also uses auto-ethnographic reflection on the practice of song-writing to give insight into strategies for creating catchy popular songs. The experience of composing a pop song, and releasing it on air, provides unique insight into the artistic process. The results of all these studies show that the perceptual principle of expectation is a crucial factor in the experience of catchiness.
Ingabe yini eyenza iminkenenezo yomculo odumile ikukhange futhi ikuhehe ufise ukuwulalela kaninginingi? Lolu cwaningo lwethiyori yomculo lusebenzisa imigomo ye-Gestalt psychology kanye namathiyori alokho okulindelekile (theories of expectation) ukucubungula nokuhlaziya amavesi eminkenenezo emnandi futhi ekhangayo yomculo odumile wekhulunyaka lama-21. Ihayiphothesisi ehlolwayo lapha wukuthi amavesi eminkenenezo emnandi futhi ekhangayo ayingxenye esemqoka kakhulu “ekukhangeni” komculo. Ukubhalwa nokuhlaziywa kweminkenenezo yabaculi abayizikhondlakhondla abaqopha umculo kuyasetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo ukucubungula inothi nenothi levesi lomnkenenezo omnandi futhi okhangayo. Ukuhlaziywa komculo oqoshiwe ka-Adele, Carly Rae Jepsen, Pharrell Williams kanye no-Robin Thicke kuyabonisa ukuthi izinto ezinjengokuphindaphinda, ukujwayeleka komculo othile, ubulula bomculo, ukuguquka kwenothi lomculo libe ngumnkenenezo ohlabahlosile (resolution), ukungaqondakali nokungaqiniseki ngokhiye womculo (ambiguity of key), kanye nalokho okulindelekile, konke kuyizinto ezilekelelayo futhi ezifaka isandla ekukhangeni komnkenenezo womculo. Ucwaningo lwendlela abazizwa ngayo abalaleli bomculo lwasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukuthi bakhangekile yini labo balaleli bomculo, kwizincwaningo-zigameko zokulalelwa komculo, futhi lolu cwaningo lwasekela lwaphinda lwaqinisekisa ihayiphothesisi ethi ukukhanga komnkenenezo womculo kuncike ikakhulukazi kulokho okulindelwe ngumlaleli womculo njengombandela-ngqangi wokuheheka nokukhangeka kwakhe. Ucwaningo lusebenzisa futhi nokuzibandakanya komcwaningi (auto-ethnographic reflection) enqubweni yokubhalwa kwamaculo ukuze athole ulwazi olunzulu futhi aqondisise kahle amaqhingasu okuqamba izingoma ezidumile ezinomnkenenezo omnandi futhi okhangayo. Ukuzibandakanya enqubweni yokuqamba ingoma yomculo we-pop, kanye nokuyikhipha ukuze idlalwe emisakazweni, kuhlinzeka ngethuba eliyingqayizivele lokuqonda ngokujulile inqubo yokwenza umculo. Imiphumela yazo zonke lezi zincwaningo iyabonisa ukuthi umgomo wendlela-kuhumusha izinto ngokwalokho okulindelekile wumgomo osemqoka kakhulu ekufikelweni komuntu ngumuzwa wokukhangwa nokuhehwa ngumnkenenezo.
Zingantoni izandi ezimnandi zokuvuma ezivakalayo zomculo odumileyo okubangela ufune ukuwuphulaphula njalo njalo? Olu phononongo lomculo ngokwenkcazelo eyingcingane lusebenzisa imigaqo-siseko yemeko yengqondo iGestalt (Gestalt psychology) kunye neengcingane (theories) zokulindelweyo kufundo lwezandi ezinomtsalane okubambayo kumculo wenkulungwane yama-21 Ulwazi oluyingcamango engenabungqina oluhlolwe apha kukuba izandi ezimnandi zokuvuma ingoma ziyinto ebalulekileyo "ekubambeni lula". Ukubhalwa kunye nohlalutyo lweengoma ezenziwa ngabaculi abaphambili bokushicilela kusetyenziselwa ukuphonononga isiseko senowuthi ukusuka kwenye ukuya kwenye inowuthi ngokwezibambo zokuvakala kwezandi. Uhlalutyo lokushicilela luka-Adele, Carly Rae Jepsen, Pharrell Williams kunye noRobin Thicke kubonisa indlela izinto eziphindaphindwayo, zokuqheleka, zobulula, ukusombulula, nobumbolombini kwikhi kunye nokulindelweyo konke kunegalelo kumba wokutsalwa ubanmbeke emculweni. Uphononongo lokusabela komphulaphuli lwasetyenziswa ukuvavanya amava okufumana ifuthe lomtsalane kwizifundo zabucala, kwaye zihambelana nengcinga yokuba ukubamba kuxhomekeka ikakhulu kulindelo njengeyona nto iphambili. Olu phononongo lukwasebenzisa imbonakalo ezenzekelayo kwinkcazo yenzululwazi ngeentlanga kumsebenzi wokubhalwa kwengoma ukunika ukuqonda ngeendlela zokuyila ingoma ezimnandi ezidumileyo. Amava okuqamba ingoma ye-pop, kunye nokuyikhupha emoyeni, inika ingqiqo eyahlukileyo kwinkqubo yobugcisa. Iziphumo zazo zonke ezi zifundo zibonisa ukuba umgaqo-siseko wengcingane yokulindelweyo luphawu olubalulekileyo kakhulu kumava okubamba.
Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology
M. Mus. (Musicology)