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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Theory, falsification »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 9 mars 2023

Mis à jour le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Theory, falsification"

Lebow, Richard Ned. « Theory, Motives and Falsification ». International Relations 23, n^o 1 (mars 2009) : 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047117808100624.

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Carpenter, W. T., R. W. Buchanan, B. Kirkpatrick, F. Wood et C. Tamminga. « Schizophrenia neuroanatomy and theory falsification ». Schizophrenia Research 4, n^o 3 (mai 1991) : 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(91)90097-b.

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D’Ariano, Giacomo Mauro. « Quantum Epistemology and Falsification ». Entropy 24, n^o 4 (22 mars 2022) : 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24040434.

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The operational axiomatization of quantum theory in previous works can be regarded as a set of six epistemological rules for falsifying propositions of the theory. In particular, the Purification postulate—the only one that is not shared with classical theory—allows falsification of random-sequences generators, a task classically unfeasible.

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Taylor, Emory. « Falsification of Einstein’s relativity ». Physics Essays 34, n^o 4 (24 décembre 2021) : 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/0836-1398-34.4.578.

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In 1915, Einstein published general relativity. In 1916, he published a German language book about relativity, which contained his marble table thought experiment for explaining a continuum. Without realizing it, Einstein introduced a quantized two-dimensional discontinuum geometry and inadvertently falsified the marble table thought experiment continuum, which falsified relativity. The foundations of physics do not now (and never did) include a fundamentally sound relativistic theory to account for macroscopic phenomena. It is well known the success of relativity and its singularity problem indicate general relativity is a first approximation of a more fundamental theory. Combine that indication with the falsification of relativity and it is apparent, without speculation, that relativity is now and always was a first approximation of a more fundamental theory. A possible way forward to the more fundamental theory is developing a discontinuum physics based on the quantized two-dimensional discontinuum geometry or an algebraic version of it. Such discontinuum physics is not presented, because it is beyond the scope of this paper.

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Riski, Maydi Aula. « Falsifikasi Karl R. Popper dan Urgensinya dala Dunia Akademik ». Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia 4, n^o 3 (1 novembre 2021) : 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v4i3.36536.

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A problem that is often debated by both the western and eastern world is the problem of determining the truth of a scientific field or theory. In western science, a thought emerged from a philosopher, namely the theory of falsification put forward by Karl Raymond Popper. In his theory Popper argues that the truth of a science is not determined through justification (verification), but through refuting the propositions that science itself builds (falsification). The study of Popper's falsification has been very widely published and discussed in various writings, especially in Islamic studies and science (science). In this article, the author tries to briefly describe the urgency of Karl R. Popper's thought in the academic field. The method used in writing this article is library research (literature review), using relevant documents, journals, and research. Through this research, it is known that the application of Karl Raimund Popeer's theory of falsification is very important in the academic field. This is evidenced by the concept of falsification which is used to determine the scientific knowledge. In addition, the concept of falsification was used long before Popper introduced the theory. One of them is used by the Muslim philosopher Imam Al-Gazali in defending and proving his arguments and thoughts. In the development of scientific methods, the principle of falsification plays an important role in strengthening scientific theory because it serves as evidence to disqualify other irrelevant theories.

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von Appen, Jörg, et Richard Dronskowski. « Falsification of Pd2N from electronic structure theory ». Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 632, n^o 12-13 (septembre 2006) : 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.200670057.

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Pires, Flavio Oliveira. « Lessons from a broad view of science : a response to Dr Robergs’ article ». BMJ Open Sport & ; Exercise Medicine 4, n^o 1 (mars 2018) : e000353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000353.

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Dr Robergs suggested that the central governor model (CGM) is not a well-worded theory, as it deviated from the tenant of falsification criteria. According to his view of science, exercise researches with the intent to prove rather than disprove the theory contribute little to new knowledge and condemn the theory to the label of pseudoscience. However, exercise scientists should be aware of limitations of the falsification criteria. First, the number of potential falsifiers for a given hypothesis is always infinite so that there is no mean to ensure asymmetric comparison between theories. Thus, assuming a competition between CGM and dichotomised central versus peripheral fatigue theories, scientists guided by the falsification principle should know, a priori, all possible falsifiers between these two theories in order to choose the finest one, thereby leading to an oversimplification of the theories. Second, the failure to formulate refutable hypothesis may be a simple consequence of the lack of instruments to make crucial measurements. The use of refutation principles to test the CGM theory requires capable technology for online feedback and feedforward measures integrated in the central nervous system, in a real-time exercise. Consequently, falsification principle is currently impracticable to test CGM theory. The falsification principle must be applied with equilibrium, as we should do with positive induction process, otherwise Popperian philosophy will be incompatible with the actual practice in science. Rather than driving the scientific debate on a biased single view of science, researchers in the field of exercise sciences may benefit more from different views of science.

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AMIR-MOEZZI, Mohammad Ali, et Etam KOHLBERG. « Révélation et falsification ». Journal Asiatique 293, n^o 2 (1 décembre 2005) : 663–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ja.293.2.2011781.

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Khan, Abdul Salam, Iqbal Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Sadiq et Imran Ahmed Khan. « Falsification of Theorizing in Operations Management Research ». Business and Management Horizons 6, n^o 1 (27 mai 2018) : 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v6i1.12986.

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The practices of operations management research have been inclined towards practicality and pragmatism. Induction is core background of research in operations management. However, there are certain biases and critiques on the generalizability of data using the approach of Induction, of which falsification is more prominent. This study takes upon three major theories used in Operations Management (OM) research such as Resource Based View (RBV), Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Resource Dependence Theory (RDT) and discusses the falsification critiques such as tautology on the theories and theorization of Operations Management (OM) and how the body of research in operations management responds to the criticism. Our study suggests that there needs to be a domain limitation of the theorizing process wherein the theory is posit to hold and thus exposing the theory at hand to the critique of falsification. The theory needs not to capture every facet of the phenomena under examination. This study also highlight the importance of developing field specific theories and the improvement brought into the process of theorization and towards the end we describe courses of action for improving the balance between theory and practice approach in the field.

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Dooley, Brendan D., et Sean E. Goodison. « Falsification by Atrophy : The Kuhnian Process of Rejecting Theory in US Criminology ». British Journal of Criminology 60, n^o 1 (26 avril 2019) : 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz026.

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Abstract Thomas Kuhn posits that the structure of science promotes revolutionary discovery. The decision of a scientific community to discard the status quo in favour of a revolutionary paradigm is influenced by sociological forces. Karl Popper disagreed, arguing that falsification is required. An examination of a random sample of 501 articles published in 14 peer-reviewed American outlets in criminology and criminal justice from 1993 to 2008 is coupled with oral histories from 17 leading criminologists in determining which approach best characterizes criminology. Twelve per cent of papers falsify theory. When not explicitly falsified, atrophy occurs when theory is overused (exhaustion), ignored (indolence) and subjected to a sustained critique (assault). The intention of the effort is to document and describe falsification and then invite further discourse.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Theory, falsification"

YAN, YULIA. « Falsification in Financial Advice ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/138471.

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This work gives another fundamental explanation for the stylized fact of active management underperformance. I develop a model of delegated portfolio management with adverse selection, where the preferences of investor and advisor are misaligned. The information structure I focus on is intermediate between the cases of private and public information: the advisor can distort the observed sharpe ratio at some cost. I show that investor may strictly prefer the contract that induces falsification as it helps him to manipulate the information rents of the agent. Within the model I show that investor prefers to deal with the advisors that have higher partisan objective as it leads to higher expected utility. I study how optimal contract and welfare changes when the information structure changes from private to public. The relation between the social welfare and the degree of information publicness is non-monotonic: although social welfare is maximum under pure public information, increasing the publicness of information may decrease the welfare.

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Naraniecki, Alexander John. « Popper Re-appraised : New Perspectives on Karl Popper’s Method and its Applications ». Thesis, Griffith University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365412.

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This thesis takes a twofold approach to Popper’s work. First, it observes the thematic changes in his work over the course of his life. Second, it analyses the methods used by Popper in articulating his arguments and observes how those arguments relate to his methodological prohibitions. It will be argued in the thesis that Popper’s methodological thought was shaped by his ambition to deal with theories that did not fit into his previously prescribed limits for science. The practical need to create reasonable arguments that were both critical and rational in The Poverty of Historicism (1957) and The Open Society (1945) would force a change of stance in his attitude towards “transcendental criticism” and its procedural role in the process of expanding the horizon of what a critical rationalist can argue. Popper expanded the scope of what can be rationally argued by experimenting with different ways of rationally treating hypotheses that were clearly irrefutable. At the same time he was adamant that his theory of falsification should never be abandoned. This theory was used throughout his career to navigate his many theories through his use of non-falsifiable concepts, exemplified by his late ontological writings. It is this tension in the relationship between his theorisation of the method of falsification and his non-falsifiable arguments in ontology and political philosophy that gave Popper’s thought such a distinctive quality. In tracing that relationship, this thesis will contribute to the ongoing task of interpreting Popper’s philosophical, political and moral thought. It will do so by drawing on his published texts and unpublished letters and writings to emphasise the continuity of his thought.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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Redlicki, Bartosz Andrzej. « Essays in information economics ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277513.

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This thesis consists of three essays in the field of information economics. The first essay studies manipulation of information by partisan media. The recent increase in partisan media has generated interest in what drives media outlets to become more partisan. I develop a model to study the role of diffusion of information by word of mouth. In the model, a media outlet designs an information policy, which specifies the level of partisan slant in the outlet’s news reports. The news spread via a communication chain in a population of agents with heterogeneous preferences. The slant has an impact on whether the agents find the news credible and on their incentives to pass the news to others. The analysis elucidates how partisanship of media can be driven by political polarisation of the public and by the tendency of people to interact with people with similar political views. The second essay, co-authored by Jakub Redlicki, investigates falsification of scientific evidence by interest groups. We analyse a game between a biased sender (an interest group) and a decision maker (a policy maker) where the former can falsify scientific evidence at a cost. The sender observes scientific evidence and knows that it will also be observed by the decision maker unless he falsifies it. If he falsifies, then there is a chance that the decision maker observes the falsified evidence rather than the true scientific evidence. First, we investigate the decision maker’s incentives to privately acquire independent evidence, which not only provides additional information to her but can also strengthen or weaken the sender’s falsification effort. Second, we analyse the decision maker’s incentives to acquire information from the sender. The third essay analyses competition between interest groups for access to a policy maker. I study a model of lobbying in which two privately-informed experts (e.g., interest groups) with opposite goals compete for the opportunity to communicate with a policy maker. The main objective is to analyse the benefits which competition for access brings to the policy maker as opposed to hiring an expert in advance. I show that competition for access is advantageous in that it provides the policy maker with some information about the expert who did not gain access and gives the experts an incentive to invest in their communication skills. On the other hand, hiring an expert in advance allows the policy maker to use a monetary reward to incentivise the expert to invest more in his communication skills.

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Abessolo, Metogo Christel-Donald. « Enjeux politiques du rationalisme critique chez Karl Popper ». Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019885.

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L'intérêt de l'humanité pour la connaissance se joue sur deux fronts : celui de la réduction de l'ignorance, et celui de l'action tant individuelle que collective. Aussi la manière dont nous acquérons le savoir est-elle essentielle, parce qu'elle préjuge aussi bien de notre perception du monde que de notre conscience de nous-mêmes et de la société. Car si, avec la raison comme alliée, l'homme se découvre des potentialités illimitées, nous aurions pourtant tort de passe outre une stricte réalité, celle de notre ignorance infinie, celle, au fond, de notre incapacité à cerner, de façon sûre et certaine, quoi que ce soit de ce monde complexe et en évolution constante qui nous accueille. C'est pourquoi, pour Karl Popper, toute rationalité véritable doit être critique, c'est-à-dire pluraliste et débattante, seule façon de considérer objectivement l'écart qui nous sépare de la vérité et, par suite, d'agir avec prudence et discernement, dans l'intérêt de la science comme dans celui de la collectivité.

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Livres sur le sujet "Theory, falsification"

Private truths, public lies : The social consequences of preference falsification. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1995.

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Ceapa, A. C. V. Physical grounds of Einstein's theory of relativity : Roots of the falsification of 20th century physics. 2^e éd. Bucharest, Rumania : A.C.V. Ceapa, 1997.

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Ceapa, A. C. V. Physical grounds of Einstein's theory of relativity : Roots of the falsification of 20th century physics. 3^e éd. Bucharest : A.C.V. Ceapa, 1998.

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Gordon, Ḥayim. Sophistry and twentieth-century art. Amsterdam : Rodopi, 2002.

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Karabuschenko, Pavel, et Arushan Vartumyan. Anglo-Saxons : falsification of political history (experience of historical hermeneutics). ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1877339.

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The monograph is the result of a long-term study of the problem of falsification of Anglo-Saxon history, which was conducted by its political elites as part of their professional activities. Falsification plays the role of an informational "UFO" in the field of historical knowledge — many people talk about it, while little understanding the real nature of its essence. There are fakes in all national histories, and the largest number of them are found in those countries whose elites claim world domination, since it is simply impossible to exercise such domination without lies. Falsification is a symbol of the decline of the political system that cannot tell the truth about itself. Using the example of the history of the Anglo—Saxons, we see this phenomenon as a kind of constant - they cannot tell the truth about themselves (due to the gravity of the crime committed), and it does not always work out beautifully (due to the limited imagination of a particular forger). In general, we have the right to talk about a whole school of historical falsifiers of the political history of Great Britain. Where there are crimes, there is also falsification as a desire to present what happened in a favorable light for the authorities (the ruling elite). It is intended for everyone who is interested in the issues of combating authenticity with falsification in political history.

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Raimund, Popper Karl. The two fundamental problems of the theory of knowledge. New York : Routledge, 2008.

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Private Truths, Public Lies : The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification. Harvard University Press, 1997.

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Kuran, Timur. Private Truths, Public Lies : The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification. Harvard University Press, 1998.

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Kuran, Timur. Private Truths, Public Lies : The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification. Harvard University Press, 1998.

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Tennant, Neil. A Logical Theory of Truth-Makers and Falsity-Makers. Sous la direction de Michael Glanzberg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199557929.013.16.

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We explicate the different ways that a first-order sentence can be true (resp., false) in a model M, as formal objects, called (M-relative) truth-makers (resp., falsity-makers). M-relative truth-makers and falsity-makers are co-inductively definable, by appeal to the “atomic facts” in M, and to certain rules of verification and of falsification, collectively called rules of evaluation. Each logical operator has a rule of verification, much like an introduction rule; and a rule of falsification, much like an elimination rule. Applications of the rules (∀) and (∃) involve infinite furcation when the domain of M is infinite. But even in the infinite case, truth-makers and falsity-makers are tree-like objects whose branches are at most finitely long. A sentence φ is true (resp., false) in a model M (in the sense of Tarski) if and only if there existsπ such that π is an M-relative truth-maker (resp., falsity-maker) for φ. With “ways of being true” explicated as these logical truthmakers, one can re-conceive logical consequence between given premises and a conclusion. It obtains just in case there is a suitable method for transforming M-relative truthmakers for the premises into an M-relative truthmaker for the conclusion, whatever the model M may be.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Theory, falsification"

Crocker, Keith J., et Sharon Tennyson. « Costly State Falsification or Verification ? Theory and Evidence from Bodily Injury Liability Claims ». Dans Automobile Insurance : Road Safety, New Drivers, Risks, Insurance Fraud and Regulation, 119–30. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4058-8_6.

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De Bièvre, Dirk. « Falsification in Theory-Guided Empirical Social Research : How to Change a Tire while Riding Your Bicycle ». Dans Research Design in Political Science, 203–15. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230598881_11.

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Issar, Arie S. « The Theoretical Basis Behind the Falsification of the Theory of Malthus and Verification of Condorcet’s Confuted Model ». Dans Progressive Development, 23–26. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10640-8_5.

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Biewer, Sebastian, et Holger Hermanns. « On the Detection of Doped Software by Falsification ». Dans Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 71–91. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99429-7_4.

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AbstractSoftware doping is a phenomenon that refers to the presence of hidden software functionality, whose existence is only in the interest of the manufacturer. The most prominent example is the diesel emissions scandal. There is a need for methods that identify software doping, and such methods are bound to be applied to the final product with no or rare knowledge about its internals. Black-box analysis techniques have recently been developed for this purpose, harvesting the formal foundations of software doping. This paper integrates them with established falsification techniques for the purpose of real-world applicability. With a focus on the diesel scandal and emissions tests on chassis dynamometers we make the testing procedures significantly more effective in terms of time and cost. The theoretical results are implemented in a prototypical doping tester.

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« The Falsification of Theories ». Dans The Special Theory of Relativity, 106–11. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203203866-30.

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« Can String Theory Survive Complete Falsification ? » Dans Are We There Yet ? The Search for a Theory of Everything, sous la direction de Moataz H. Emam, 42–47. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/978160805214111101010042.

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Williams, Malcolm. « Theory choice – verification, falsification and inference ». Dans Realism and Complexity in Social Science, 102–23. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429443701-6.

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Benham, Bryan, et Charles Shimp. « Falsification in Social Science Method and Theory ». Dans Encyclopedia of Social Measurement, 9–14. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00018-9.

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« Beyond Verification and Falsification : Biography as Go-Between of Historical Truth ». Dans Fear of Theory, 103–13. BRILL, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004498891_009.

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« Mental Models and Falsification : It Depends on the Task ». Dans The Mental Models Theory of Reasoning, 101–30. Psychology Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203774809-8.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Theory, falsification"

Губарева, Елена Николаевна, et Екатерина Николаевна Чуракова. « ELECTRONIC SIGNATURE PROTECTION AGAINST FALSIFICATION ». Dans Национальная безопасность России : актуальные аспекты : сборник избранных статей Всероссийской научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Май 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nb185.2020.45.58.011.

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В данной статье авторы рассматривают преимущества и недостатки электронной подписи, её виды и их применение для различных задач документооборота. Особое внимание обращается на безопасность использования электронной подписи, рассмотрены виды мошенничества в электронном документообороте, а также названы способы, с помощью которых можно снизить к минимуму возможность фальсификации ЭЦП. In this article, the authors consider the advantages and disadvantages of electronic signatures, its types and their application for various workflow tasks. Particular attention is paid to the safety of using electronic signatures, the types of fraud in electronic document management are examined, and the ways by which you can minimize the possibility of falsification of digital signatures are described.

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Rosenko, Maria, et Elena Skrebets. « On approaches to the implementation of legal mechanisms ensuring the constitutional rights of citizens to protect dignity and their guarantees ». Dans East – West : Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.nbrw8304.

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According to the results of the study, the main problematic issues of the implementation of the constitutional rights of citizens to protect honor and dignity are highlighted, the main methods of violence that are unacceptable for use in general are highlighted, including those associated with criminal acts (suspects, convicts, prisoners), as well as those not related to criminal acts (falsely accused (falsification of evidence) or provoked (throwing prohibited items), etc.). It is noted that cases of intentional pressure on a person in order to humiliate, suppress or achieve some information or behavior can be qualified as violence. As a result of such actions, life-threatening psychosomatic symptoms may occur, caused by the high stress of the situation, and the mental state of the detainee, the defendant, the defendant, does not allow him to adequately defend himself. The problems of the application of procedural measures by judicial bodies, bodies of inquiry, associated with the restriction of the constitutional rights and freedoms of participants in criminal proceedings are considered. According to the results, it is concluded that the issue of legal regulation and the practice of applying the law require further study in order to develop recommendations for the development of civil society, improving the human rights institution, the institute of inquiry, judicial bodies, including improving the legal norms governing it. Improvement mechanisms are proposed, including organizational and legal ones.

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Vasconcelos, Clara, et Tiago Ribeiro. « WHAT ABOUT “THE” SCIENTIFIC METHOD ? A SURVEY APPLIED TO MIDDLE AND SECONDARY GEOSCIENCE TEACHERS ». Dans International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2022v1end106.

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"The debate over whether there is a single unifying scientific method or a variety of methods, each of which is applied to a different discipline of science, is still a difficult one. Popper idea of refutation was a criticism to the inductive method and claimed the need to submit theories to falsification. His thesis ended up being a demarcation of science and pseudoscience. But the question remains: do all sciences follow the same scientific method? Namely because discoveries in geology have to overcome time and space enormous scales, geologist have been called by Lord Kelvin as “stamp collectors”. Having started as a field science, and even having been denied by Hutton as an experimental science, modelling in geology only took place at the end of the 19th century by the hand of Sir James Hall. The need to mirror scientists’ methods is a demand of inquiry-based teaching, but few geology teachers have correct knowledge about the method used by geologists. In the present study, a survey was undertaken online with the main objective of investigating what is teachers’ knowledge about the (geo)scientific method. Participants were 108 geology middle and secondary teachers in Portugal. The majority of respondents were women (n=79; 73.1%) and the average age was 46 years old. All participants were graduated, but 51 (47.2%) had a master and 5 (4.6%) had a Ph.D. The results showed erroneous conceptions that are commonly reflected in inquiry-based teaching classrooms, namely regarding the scientific method but also about investigative competencies and geology as an experimental science. The majority of the teachers’ said that there only exists one scientific method for all sciences (n=49; 45.4%) and that it has a fundamentally linear nature from observation to conclusion (n=54; 50.0%). The scientific method was claimed as needed to allow the confirmation of hypothesis by many teachers (n=44; 40.7%). Some participants referred Uniformitarianism as a principle that justifies the historical and interpretive reasoning of geologist (n=48; 44.4%), but not so many referred the analogic reasoning (n=28; 25.9%). Teachers also referred to critical and systemic thinking as scientific competencies (n=72; 66.7%) and gave less importance to others like observation and argumentation (n=27; 25.0%). Results analysis corroborate that an inquiry-base teaching methodology requires history of geology and an epistemological reflection to be integrated in teachers’ initial training and professional development. The epistemology behind geology classes has to be taught to eradicate alternative conception about the scientific method."

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