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1
McClure, J. L. « The discounting principle in attribution theory ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379936.
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Massam, Diane. « Case theory and the Projection Principle ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15172.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES
Bibliography: leaves 390-407.
by Diane Massam.
Ph.D.
3
Mantke, Wolfgang Johann. « Picture independent quantum action principle ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29850.
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Schinck, Amelie. « The local-global principle in number theory ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64047.pdf.
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Kim, Dong-il. « The principle of fairness : theory, defence, and application ». Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/47260/.
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Theories of social justice propose various principles for the just regulation of social institutions and practices. However, why should individuals comply with the rules of just social institutions? To answer this question, a theory of obligation is required. This thesis examines and defends the principle of fairness as a theory of individual obligation. It begins by reviewing the debates within political philosophy over the principle since its initial formulation by H. L. A. Hart. Thereafter, the defence of the principle of fairness proceeds in three stages. First, the thesis explores the moral foundations of the principle. It is argued that the concepts of right, equality, and fairness as reciprocity work as the moral foundations provided that fairness as reciprocity has priority over right and equality. On the basis of this reciprocity-based foundation, a revised principle of fairness is stated, which specifies the conditions for the justification of an obligation to follow institutional rules. Second, the thesis rebuts main objections levelled against the principle: the consent argument, the limiting argument, and the utility argument. Finally, the principle of fairness is defended as a principle that has appealing normative implications for one of the most important challenges we face in recent times, global climate change. With theoretical elaboration, defence against main objections, and practical application, this thesis presents a comprehensive development of the principle of fairness as a plausible theory of obligation.
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Aliabadi, Youssef Samadi. « The Correspondence Principle and theory choice in physics ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2846/.
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A conception of the Correspondence Principle which Bohr deployed implicitly in developing a new theory of atomic constitution in 1913, is made explicit through an extensive examination of his classic paper of that year. Arguments are considered which purport to show that the application of the principle must be restricted to few isolated cases. These arguments are either defused or rejected. In particular an extensive review of issues concerning the interpretation of Quantum Mechanics is made to counter the claims that an insurmountable conceptual gap exits between the tenets of this theory and those of Classical Mechanics which makes it logically impossible for the latter to be regarded as the 'limiting case' of the former. In the light of a particular interpretation adopted and defended, a proposal is made that suggests that the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of Classical Mechanics, as well as Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, can be viewed as 'limiting cases' of Quantum Mechanics. Having established a case for the global validity of the requirement imposed on physics by the Correspondence Principle, it is then argued that this requirement is indispensable if a particular brand of realism is adopted for the interpretation of theories in physics. Taking on board the assumption that an ultimate theory exists which mirrors the underlying physical constitution of the world, it is subsequently argued that the intertheory order established by the global imposition of the principle in physics, can be used to solve the problem of rational theory choice for this brand of realism.
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Laugle, Kelly M. « Measuring the alphabetic principle : Mapping behaviors onto theory ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10331.
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xiii, 137 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Research suggests that development of the alphabetic principle is a critical factor in learning to recognize words and becoming a successful reader. The alphabetic principle encompasses both the understanding that relationships exist between letters and sounds and the application of these relationships to reading words. This study investigated the degree to which different measures of the alphabetic principle were predictive of later reading development. These measures were examined in the context of Ehri's phase theory of sight word development to investigate how different behaviors associated with the alphabetic principle fit within a developmental framework. Two cohorts of students (109 kindergarteners, 212 first graders) participated in this study from spring of 2007 until late fall of 2008 (58 second graders, 121 third graders). The predictive powers of single and combined measures of the alphabetic principle were analyzed using sequential regression. Results indicated that each measure explained significant between-student variation in performance on measures of word reading fluency, oral reading fluency (ORF), vocabulary, and reading comprehension. A measure of letter-sounds embedded in nonsense words appeared to have more utility for the prediction of reading outcomes than a measure of letter-sounds presented in isolation. Additionally, including a measure of nonsense words with a measure of letter-sounds embedded in nonsense words increased the predictive power of the model over and above the predictive power of letter sounds alone. Growth on ORF served as an additional criterion for the purpose of investigating the methodology of measuring growth. Two conceptualizations of growth were explored: raw score change over time and individual rates of growth over time (slope). Correlations and sequential regression were used to evaluate the relationship between raw score change and measures of the alphabetic principle. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used to model individual slopes on Lexile measures of ORF (LORF). In general, raw score change appeared largely unrelated to measures of the alphabetic principle. HLM analyses revealed that individual differences in slope on LORF were minimal and not very reliable, making the prediction of these differences difficult. Recommendations for future research and implications for practice are discussed.
Committee in charge: Roland Good, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Kenneth Merrell, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Leanne Ketterlin Geller, Member, Educational Methodology, Policy, and Leadership; Jean Stockard, Outside Member, Planning Public Policy and Management
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Button, Bradly Kevin. « Applications of the holographic principle in string theory ». Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1299.
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The holographic principle has become an extraordinary tool in theoretical physics, most notably in the form of the Anti-deSitter Conformal Field Theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence, in which classical gravitational degrees of freedom in N-dimensions are related quantum field theory degrees of freedom in N − 1 dimensions in the limit of a large number of fields. Here we present an account of the AdS/CFT correspondence, also known as the gauge/gravity duality, from its origins in the large N 'tHooft expansion, up to Maldacena's proposal that type IIB string theory in the presences of D-branes at low energy is dual to an N = 4, d = 4, U(N) super Yang-Mills on AdS5 × S5 . We begin with an extensive review of (super)string theory including D-branes. We then present the general formulation of the AdS/CFT in the supergravity background of AdS5 × S5 , along with several examples of how it is used in terms of the identification of bulk fields with operators on the bound- ary of a CFT. We move on to discuss two applications of the gauge/gravity duality. The first is the application of the holographic gauge/gravity correspondence to the QCDk-string. The second applies the AdS/CFT formalism to a Kerr black hole solution embedded in 10-dimensional heterotic sting theory. These two applications of the holographic gauge/gravity duality comprise the original work presented here. We follow with summaries and discussions of the background material, the original work, and future investigations.
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Laatz, C. D. « Cosmological perturbation theory and the variational principle in gravitation ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6671.
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Summary in English.Include bibliographical references.
In this thesis firstly the theory of relativistic cosmological perturbations is studies, in the process being reviewed over the period 1960-1993. Secondly the variational principle, apropos of gravitation, is formulated and discussed. These two fields are then synthesised via a variational formulation of general relativity and cosmological perturbation theory. In the process new light is shed on Covariant Perturbation Theory via the development of generalised alternative variables, culminating in a unique variational formulation.
10
Campbell, Douglas Ian. « A Theory of Consciousness ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195372.
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It is shown that there is an unconditional requirement on rational beings to adopt “reflexive” beliefs, these being beliefs with a very particular sort of self-referential structure. It is shown that whoever adopts such beliefs will thereby adopt beliefs that imply that a certain proposition, ᴪ, is true. From the fact that there is this unconditional requirement on rational being to adopt beliefs that imply ᴪ, it is concluded that ᴪ is knowable a priori. ᴪ is a proposition that says, in effect, that one’s own point of view is a point in space and time that is the point of view of some being who has reflexive beliefs. It is argued that this information that is contained in ᴪ boils down to the information that one’s point of view is located at a point in the world at which there is something that is “conscious” in a certain natural and philosophically interesting sense of that word. In other words, a theory of consciousness is defended according to which an entity is conscious if and only if it has reflexive beliefs.
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Bao, Yinan. « When old principles face new challenges : a critical analysis of the principle of diplomatic inviolability ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51411/.
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This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the principle of diplomatic inviolability. The principle of diplomatic inviolability is generally regarded by international law scholars as one of the oldest established principles of international law. The concept of inviolability in contemporary international law contains two distinct aspects: in terms of the duty of the receiving State, the first aspect involves the negative duty of not taking any enforcement action against the inviolable diplomatic premises, diplomatic agents or the diplomatic property, while the second aspect requires the positive duty to protect these premises, personnel and property. The contemporary legal regime governing the principle of diplomatic inviolability can be seen through the core provisions stipulated in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961. Several controversies can be identified when the authorities of the receiving State face dilemmas of deciding whether the principle of diplomatic inviolability or other norms of international law shall prevail. The dilemmas reveal the conflicts between the principle of diplomatic inviolability and other norms of international law, such as the protection of national security, public safety and human life. In the era of fragmentation of international law, it is not easy for either the authorities of the receiving State or international law scholars to settle the controversies with any straightforward solutions, for the reason that the precedence of diplomatic inviolability would inevitably compromise other norms and vice versa. The thesis examines the concept and theoretical basis of the principle of diplomatic inviolability, explores the historical evolution of the principle, analyses the contemporary legal regime of the principle and the controversies involving the conflicts between the principle and other norms of international law. Finally, the thesis critically reviews the various traditional solutions and proposes several alternative solutions to settle the controversies.
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Vignoles, Vivian L. « Identity, culture and the distinctiveness principle ». Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2138/.
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Phillips, Robert. « Stakeholder theory, organizational ethics & ; a principle of stakeholder fairness ». Full text available online (restricted access), 1997. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Phillips.pdf.
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Bolton, Robert A. N. « Personal identity : a neoplatonic theory of the principle of personality ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304396.
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Vinger, Gift. « THE STATUS OF THE PROJECTION PRINCIPLE IN GOVERNMENT-BINDING THEORY ». Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 6, Issue 2 : Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/509.
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Published ArticleThe role of the Projection Principle within Chomsky's Government-Binding (GB) Theory is to preserve the subcategorisation properties of lexical items at all levels of syntactic representation, viz. D-structure, S-structure, and Lexical Form. Arguments have been made that the Projection Principle is a new concept that is simply an extension of theTransformational Component (XFM) and Emonds' Structure-Preserving Constraint (SPC), and that it does not deserve the high status it has been accorded in GB theory. This paper provides evidence, based on sentences involving movement operations, that the Projection Principle is innovative and that it convincingly addresses what theXFMandSPChave failed to address.
16
Lu, Maozu. « The encompassing principle and evaluation of econometric models ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316084.
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Wood, Joseph Arthur. « Improving software designs via the minimum description length principle ». Thesis, University of Sussex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390535.
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Brady, Paul. « Towards a theory of adjudication : some issues of method and principle ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebfc484a-5593-445f-83d1-9cf30466e314.
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A sound theory of adjudication and of judicial duty requires or presupposes a sound theory of law and of legal argument. Jurisprudential inquiry is properly grounded not in reflections on conceptual properties of law but in reflections on human goods and needs as understood in a morally articulated theory of practical reason and compactly expressed in the normative concept of the common good. Such reflections confirm that law exists, in its central case, as a means to various types of authoritative co-ordination solutions. The underdetermined nature of (a) the positive requirements of practical reasonableness and the common good and of (b) the appropriate means of enforcing compliance and remedying non-compliance with either these requirements or the determinate negative precepts of practical reasonableness entails that a practically necessary aspect of the positive law’s role is constituting the requirements of justice, i.e. of what is due to whom generally and in particular situations (including situations where an injustice has been or is alleged to have been done). As a distinct and practically necessary mode of legal co-ordination for the common good, adjudication, in its central case, answers litigated questions of justice by applying all relevant law in accordance with the legal system’s practice of legal argument. Thus adjudication is performed by authoritative law-applying institutions precisely because it is about answering questions of justice, and not despite that fact. Theories of law developed on the assumption that it is possible to understand the ‘what’ of law without reliance on any moral judgments deny any practically necessary connection between (a) the promotion of justice and the common good and (b) the nature of law, in its central case, and, hence, the adjudicative application of the law. In the absence of this connection a judicial duty to do justice according to law is unintelligible.
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Davies, Ceri Rees. « The Taylor principle and the Fisher relation in general equilibrium ». Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/57432/.
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This thesis presents a structural framework which accounts for two key empirical phenomena in monetary economics: the ‘Taylor principle’ and the ‘Fisher relation’. The former suggests that there exists a greater-than-proportional relationship between the nominal interest rate and inflation in the short-run and the latter implies that a one-for-one relationship holds at lower frequencies. Although these relationships do feature in the ubiquitous, ‘cashless’ New Keynesian framework, it has been suggested that monetary variables are required in order to render this model ‘complete’ (e.g. Nelson, 2008a). Chapter-I demonstrates that an ‘implicit’ interest rate rule can be derived as a general equilibrium condition of models in which the central bank adheres to a money growth rule. Chapter-II compares the equilibrium condition of a standard cash-in-advance model to the interest rate rule of Taylor (1993) for a post-war sample of U.S. data. However, we demonstrate that in order to replicate the Taylor principle, the underlying model must be generalised to allow the velocity of money to vary. We use the model of Benk et al. (2008, 2010) to do so and show analytically that the resulting ‘implicit rule’ features the requisite greater-than-proportional relationship. Chapter-III applies standard econometric techniques to simulated data obtained from the Benk et al. model and the estimates obtained offer support for this theoretical prediction. Chapter-IV establishes that the Fisher relation emerges when low frequency trends in the simulated data are retained and under a related ‘long-run’ implicit rule. Chapter-IV also considers the post-war sample of U.S. data analysed in Chapter-II. While disparate empirical literatures have obtained evidence for both the Taylor principle and the Fisher relation, we show that these results can be obtained from a unified theoretical framework. Several restricted empirical specifications further suggest that standard interest rate rules which omit monetary variables might provide biased coefficient estimates.
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Guo, Weiyu. « Implementing the principle of maximum entropy in option pricing / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946259.
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Zimmermann, Annette. « Democratic enfranchisement beyond citizenship : the all-affected principle in theory and practice ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:69996845-005b-4528-a626-d423115bde6c.
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This is a collection of four papers about the All-Affected Principle (AAP): the view that every person whose morally weighty interests are affected by a democratic decision has the right to participate in that decision. The first paper ('Narrow Possibilism about Democratic Enfranchisement') examines how we should distribute democratic participation rights: a plausible version of AAP must avoid treating unlike cases alike, which would be procedurally unfair. The solution is to distribute participation rights proportionately to the risk that a person's interests will be affected. AAP thus implies an account of political equality that requires adherence to the 'one person-one vote' model only if interests are indeed equally affected. The second paper ('Economic Participation Rights and the AAP') argues that AAP supporters have paid insufficient attention to economic participation rights. The exercise of such rights raises unique worries about democratic accountability, which is why their exercise is constrained by a number of duties. The third paper ('What AAP Is, and How (Not) to Fight It') explores how AAP fares in light of possible objections from desirability and feasibility. Unlike crude versions of AAP, a plausibly restricted version of AAP cannot be dismissed as easily as many AAP sceptics may have thought. My reflections here are useful for AAP supporters and sceptics alike: this paper helps clarify what kind of objection can cast serious doubt on AAP. The fourth paper ('Criminal Disenfranchisement, Political Wrongdoing, and Affected Interests') asks: is AAP compatible with criminal disenfranchisement? AAP, when endorsed in combination with a plausible theory of punishment, is compatible with disenfranchising a narrow set of criminal wrongdoers only: those guilty of 'political wrongdoing', which is wrong primarily because it undermines democratic procedures and institutions for private gain. The upshot is that current blanket policies of criminal disenfranchisement are incompatible with AAP.
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Fu, Guanxing. « Maximum Principle for Reflected BSPDE and Mean Field Game Theory with Applications ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19248.
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Diese Arbeit behandelt zwei Gebiete: stochastische partielle Rückwerts-Differentialgleichungen (BSPDEs) und Mean-Field-Games (MFGs).
Im ersten Teil wird über eine stochastische Variante der De Giorgischen Iteration ein Maximumprinzip für quasilineare reflektierte BSPDEs (RBSPDEs) auf allgemeinen Gebieten bewiesen. Als Folgerung erhalten wir ein Maximumprinzip für RBSPDEs auf beschränkten, sowie für BSPDEs auf allgemeinen Gebieten. Abschließend wird das lokale Verhalten schwacher Lösungen untersucht.
Im zweiten Teil zeigen wir zunächst die Existenz von Gleichgewichten in MFGs mit singulärer Kontrolle. Wir beweisen, dass die Lösung eines MFG ohne Endkosten und ohne Kosten in der singulären Kontrolle durch die Lösungen eines MFGs mit strikt regulären Kontrollen approximiert werden kann. Die vorgelegten Existenz- und Approximationsresultat basieren entscheidend auf der Wahl der Storokhod M1 Topologie auf dem Raum der Càdlàg-Funktion.
Anschließend betrachten wir ein MFG optimaler Portfolioliquidierung unter asymmetrischer Information. Die Lösung des MFG charakterisieren wir über eine stochastische Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Differentialgleichung (FBSDE) mit singulärer Endbedingung der Rückwärtsgleichung oder alternativ über eine FBSDE mit endlicher Endbedingung, jedoch singulärem Treiber. Wir geben ein Fixpunktargument, um die Existenz und Eindeutigkeit einer Kurzzeitlösung in einem gewichteten Funktionenraum zu zeigen. Dies ermöglicht es, das ursprüngliche MFG mit entsprechenden MFGs ohne Zustandsendbedinung zu approximieren.
Der zweite Teil wird abgeschlossen mit einem Leader-Follower-MFG mit Zustandsendbedingung im Kontext optimaler Portfolioliquidierung bei hierarchischer
Agentenstruktur. Wir zeigen, dass das Problem beider Spielertypen auf singuläre FBSDEs zurückgeführt werden kann, welche mit ähnlichen Methoden wie im vorangegangen Abschnitt behandelt werden können.The thesis is concerned with two topics: backward stochastic partial differential equations and mean filed games. In the first part, we establish a maximum principle for quasi-linear reflected backward stochastic partial differential equations (RBSPDEs) on a general domain by using a stochastic version of De Giorgi’s iteration. The maximum principle for RBSPDEs on a bounded domain and the maximum principle for BSPDEs on a general domain are obtained as byproducts. Finally, the local behavior of the weak solutions is considered. In the second part, we first establish the existence of equilibria to mean field games (MFGs) with singular controls. We also prove that the solutions to MFGs with no terminal cost and no cost from singular controls can be approximated by the solutions, respectively control rules, for MFGs with purely regular controls. Our existence and approximation results strongly hinge on the use of the Skorokhod M1 topology on the space of càdlàg functions. Subsequently, we consider an MFG of optimal portfolio liquidation under asymmetric information. We prove that the solution to the MFG can be characterized in terms of a forward backward stochastic differential equation (FBSDE) with possibly singular terminal condition on the backward component or, equivalently, in terms of an FBSDE with finite terminal value, yet singular driver. We apply the fixed point argument to prove the existence and uniqueness on a short time horizon in a weighted space. Our existence and uniqueness result allows to prove that our MFG can be approximated by a sequence of MFGs without state constraint. The final result of the second part is a leader follower MFG with terminal constraint arising from optimal portfolio liquidation between hierarchical agents. We show the problems for both follower and leader reduce to the solvability of singular FBSDEs, which can be solved by a modified approach of the previous result.
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Pallerla, Mahesh Kumar. « Strain as a design principle stereoselective Pauson-Khand reactions of cyclopropenes / ». Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company ; downloadable PDF file, 274 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1456289601&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Zhang, Lei, et 張磊. « First principle calculation : current density in AC electric field ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43278437.
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Zhang, Lei. « First principle calculation : current density in AC electric field / ». Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43278437.
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Akten, Burcu Elif. « Generalized uncertainty relations / ». Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ebenstein, Alan Oliver. « The greatest happiness principle : an examination and critique of the theory of utility ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268170.
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Wu, Kevin. « John Rawls’ Theory of Justice and Mixed Conception with a Social Minimum Principle ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1218.
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John Rawls was a political philosopher concerned with social justice, specifically the best way that society could be structured so that individual rights and duties were fairly distributed amongst everyone and division of advantages from social cooperation were optimally determined. He believed that this conception of justice rested in principles that would be agreed upon by free, self-interested and rational persons in a starting position of equality and fairness. The principles of the theory of justice are ones that are meant to enable this group of people to cooperate with each other while recognizing that individuals in the group both share the same interests and have conflicting interests. These principles can be understood as underlying our most strongly held ethical beliefs – the ones that exhibit our ability to make the right moral decisions. This paper explains Rawls’ theory of justice, Justice as Fairness, considers an alternative known as “mixed conception” and offers Rawls’ response to the alternative before delving deeper into the debate to understand whether Rawls’ theory of a “mixed conception” should be chosen for a society. Rawls was a notoriously difficult writer so this thesis spends a significant amount of time trying to explicate his views and arguments. With that being said, this thesis does miss out on some key secondary details but hopes to give a clear and compelling picture of his theory, especially the parts that relate to the debate. The debate centers on the choice between the difference principle, which calls for society to maximize the prospects of the least advantaged, and the social minimum principle, which has society set a social minimum that would allow citizens to lead decent lives and take measures necessary to ensure everyone can reach that minimum. In the end, I reach the conclusion that the social minimum principle, in combination with some of Rawls’ other principles, should be used as one of the main principles of justice in society.
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Ballone, Frank A. « Gamma-Sets and the (A, B_∞) Selection Principle ». Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1490350606744796.
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Trifunovic, Milica. « The principle of solidarity : A restatement of John Rawls' law of peoples ». Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16728.
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In der Dissertation habe ich versucht eine Theorie der globalen Gerechtigkeit darzustellen. Diese Theorie hat als ihre Basis das Denken von John Rawls. Rawls hat sich in seinem letzten Buch „Das Recht der Völker“ zu dem Thema geäußert. Ich erläutere seine Gedanken und zugleich kritisiere ich sie. Meine Kritikpunkte an Rawls: 1. Keine detaillierte Erläuterung der Aufteilung in ideale und nichtideale Theorie 2. Unvollkommenheit der Prinzipien für die ideale Theorie der globalen Gerechtigkeit Ich verweise auf die mögliche Verbesserung des Rawlschen Standpunktes über globale Gerechtigkeit durch: 1. eine Unterscheidung der normativen und deskriptiven idealen bzw. nichtidealen Theorie (damit wird die Struktur von Rawls‘s Arguments klarer) 2. Durch die Darstellung von drei Prinzipien die Rawlssche Prinzipien hätten sein könnten (damit bekommt seine Theorie inhaltlich mehr Wert) 3. Durch die Erläuterung des Prinzips der Solidarität als das, was an Rawls‘s Theorie besonders gewesen sein könnte.In my disertation I have tried to present a theory of global justice. This theory has for its basis the thought of John Rawls. Rawls expressed his thaughts about the topic in his last book „The Law of Peoples.“ On the one hand I explain his theory while on the other I criticize it. My critique on Rawls goes accoring the following lines: 1. No elaborated disitiniction betwen the ideal and nonideal theory 2. Unfinished principles for the ideal theory of global justice I point to the possible amelioration of Rawls´ theory of global justice through: 1. Differentiation of the normative and descriptive ideal and nonideal theory (through this disticition is the stucture of Rawls´ argument clearer) 2. Introduction of three prinicples that should have been Rawls´s (through these three principles the content of his theory becomes more valuable) 3. Eplaning the principle of solidarity as the principle that could have been the specific for Rawls´ theory
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Hoffmann, Nimi. « The role of the instrumental principle in economic explanations ». Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002842.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Economic explanations tend to view individuals as acting to satisfy their preferences, so that when given a choice between goods, individuals choose those goods which have greater utility for them – they choose those goods which they believe can best satisfy their preferences in the circumstances at hand. In this thesis, I investigate how utility theory works when it is used to explain behaviour. In theory, utility is a positive concept. It is intended to describe and explain an individual’s behaviour without judging or justifying it. It also seems to be regarded as non-hypothetical, for it explains an individual’s behaviour in terms of preferences which need not be shared by others, but may be wholly particular to her. This implies a distinctive way of approaching people’s behaviour as isolated from and immune to the judgements of a community, for utility cannot be used as a common standard by which we judge an individual’s behaviour as better or worse, appropriate or inappropriate. I argue that this theoretical treatment of utility is substantially different from the practice of using utility to explain behaviour. In the first place, when utility is used to explain behaviour as preference-guided, it treats this behaviour as rational action. An explanation of rational action is, however, necessarily governed by the instrumental principle. This principle is normative – it stipulates the correct relation between a person’s means and her ends, rather than simply describing an existing relation. The principle is also non-hypothetical – our commitment to the principle does not rely on the possession of particular ends, but on having ends in general. The instrumental principle therefore acts as a common standard for reasoning about how to act, so that when we explain an agent’s behaviour as rational action, we expect that her action will conform to standards that we all share in virtue of having ends. Thus, I contend, in order to explain the rational actions of an individual, marginal utility necessarily appeals to the judgements of a community.
32
Reid, George. « Popes, politicians and political theory : The principle of subsidiarity in 20th century European history ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27018.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The transformation of the principle of subsidiarity from a philosophical principle in Catholic social teachings to a constitutional article in the 1992 Treaty on European Union has been a source of confusion for scholars of European integration. Political scientists have examined subsidiarity from the perspective of political philosophy to account for its transformation and to determine its impact on European integration. However, no attempt has been made to anchor the emergence of subsidiarity in a historical context. This thesis employs a historical approach to analyze the transformation of subsidiarity. It examines the political struggles surrounding the principle in the Catholic Church, in German Christian Democracy, and in the debates over European Union in the European Community. It concludes that the transformation of subsidiarity occurred during the debates over the European Union that began in the 1970s and culminated in the ratification of the 1992 Maastricht treaty on European Union.
33
Shi, Tingting. « Optoelectronic and Defect Properties in Earth Abundant Photovoltaic Materials : First-principle Calculations ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1418391935.
Texte intégral
34
Le, Pennec Erwan. « Some (statistical) applications of Ockham's principle ». Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00802653.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ce manuscrit présente mes contributions scientifiques de ces dix dernières années à l'interface entre traitement d'image et statistique. Il débute par l'étude d'un exemple jouet, l'estimation de la moyenne d'un vecteur gaussien, qui permet de présenter le type de question statistique auquel je me suis intéressé, de souligner l'importance de la théorie de l'approximation et de présenter le principe de parcimonie d'Ockham. Après une brève description de l'ensemble des contributions, le manuscrit s'organise autour des modèles statistiques que j'ai pu rencontrés: modèle de bruit blanc, modèle de densité et modèle de densité conditionnelle.
35
O'Connor, John Francis. « The principle of good faith in legal theory : ( with particular reference to public international law) ». Thesis, University of London, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488809.
Texte intégral
36
Changhua, He. « Covariation-based Approach to Crisis ResponsibilityAssessment : A Test for Extending Situational Crisis CommunicationTheory with Covariation Principle ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-219057.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In line with Schwarz’s (2008) suggestion of extending Situational CrisisCommunication Theory (SCCT) with Kelley’s covariation principle, the presentresearch aims to further examine the applicability of integrating a covariation-basedapproach to crisis responsibility assessment into the SCCT framework. Specifically, acontent analysis was conducted to verify the basic assumptions for applying acovariation-based approach in crisis communication context. A follow-upexperimental study was exercised to test the effect of consensus information – themissing variable in SCCT – on crisis responsibility attributions. The researchsuggested that a covariation-based approach of crisis responsiblilty assessment couldbe legitimately applied in the SCCT framework, and that crisis responsibilityassessment in the SCCT framework could be improved, at least in some particularsituations, by more consistently and systematically taking into account the threeinformation dimensions in covariation principle as integrated information patternsrather than separately considering the effect of one single information dimensionalone.Keywords:
37
Mickelin, Oscar. « On Spectral Inequalities in Quantum Mechanics and Conformal Field Theory ». Thesis, KTH, Matematik (Avd.), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-167969.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Following Exner et al. (Commun. Math. Phys. 26 (2014), no. 2, 531–541), we prove new Lieb-Thirring inequalities for a general class of self-adjoint, second order differential operators with matrix-valued potentials, acting in one space-dimension. This class contains, but is not restricted to, the magnetic and non-magnetic Schrödinger operators. We consider the three cases of functions defined on all reals, all positive reals, and an interval, respectively, and acquire three different kinds of bounds. We also investigate the spectral properties of a family of operators from conformal field theory, by proving an asymptotic phase-space bound on the eigenvalue counting function and establishing a number of spectral inequalities. These bound the Riesz-means of eigenvalues for these operators, together with each individual eigenvalue, and are applied to a few physically interesting examples.Vi följer Exner et al. (Commun. Math. Phys. 26 (2014), nr. 2, 531–541) och bevisar nya Lieb-Thirring-olikheter för generella, andra gradens självadjungerade differentialoperatorer med matrisvärda potentialfunktioner, verkandes i en rumsdimension. Dessa innefattar och generaliserar de magnetiska och icke-magnetiska Schrödingeroperatorerna. Vi betraktar tre olika fall, med funktioner definierade på hela reella axeln, på den positiva reella axeln, samt på ett interval. Detta resulterar i tre sorters olikheter. Vidare undersöker vi spektralegenskaperna för en klass operatorer från konform fältteori, genom att asymptotiskt begränsa antalet egenvärden med ett fasrymdsuttryck, samt genom att bevisa ett antal spektralolikheter. Dessa begränsar Riesz-medelvärdena för operatorerna, samt varje enskilt egenvärde, och tillämpas på ett par fysikaliskt intressanta exempel.
38
Crocker, Matthew Walter. « A principle-based system for natural language analysis and translation ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27863.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Traditional views of grammatical theory hold that languages are characterised by sets of constructions. This approach entails the enumeration of all possible constructions for each language being described. Current theories of transformational generative grammar have established an alternative position. Specifically, Chomsky's Government-Binding theory proposes a system of principles which are common to human language. Such a theory is referred to as a "Universal Grammar"(UG). Associated with the principles of grammar are parameters of variation which account for the diversity of human languages. The grammar for a particular language is known as a "Core Grammar", and is characterised by an appropriately parametrised instance of UG. Despite these advances in linguistic theory, construction-based approaches have remained the status quo within the field of natural language processing. This thesis investigates the possibility of developing a principle-based system which reflects the modular nature of the linguistic theory. That is, rather than stipulating the possible constructions of a language, a system is developed which uses the principles of grammar and language specific parameters to parse language. Specifically, a system-is presented which performs syntactic analysis and translation for a subset of English and German. The cross-linguistic nature of the theory is reflected by the system which can be considered a procedural model of UG.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
39
Parr, A. N. « The legal reasoning of the European Court of Justice : the role of principle policy and ideology ». Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376404.
Texte intégral
40
Zhang, Weizhe. « Minimum principle of the temperature in compressible Navier-Stokes equations with application to the existence theory ». Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52218.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is on the Navier-Stokes equations which model the motion of
compressible viscous fluid. A minimum principle on the temperate variable is established. Under the thermo-insulated boundary conditions and some reasonable assumptions on the solution, the minimum of the temperature does not increase. To our best knowledge, that's the first result on the minimum principle of the temperature variable in the compressible Navier-Stokes equation.
As an application of the minimum principle, global in time existence of the weak solution for the Navier-Stokes equations is established when the viscosities and heat conductivity
are power functions of the temperature. In this model the temperature is coupled with
density which may have vacuum or concentration and the heat conductivity has possible degeneracy. However the temperature is proved to obey the minimum principle, which secured the dissipative mechanism of the system, and paved the road to the existence theory.
41
Towery, Matthew A. « Beyond Libertarianism : Interpretations of Mill's Harm Principle and the Economic Implications Therein ». Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/45.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The thesis will examine the harm principle, as originally described by John Stuart Mill. In doing so, it will defend that, though unintended, the harm principle may justify several principles of distributive justice. To augment this analysis, the paper will examine several secondary authors’ interpretations of the harm principle, including potential critiques of the thesis itself.
42
Hooker, William Alexander. « The state in the international theory of Carl Schmitt : meaning and failure of an ordering principle ». Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2008. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2040/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Carl Schmitt's idiosyncratic account of the history of the state and international relations is fundamental to an understanding of his role as a theorist of the international. The thesis argues that Schmitt's pessimism about the prospects for the modem state derives from his historical method. Combining theologically and geopolitically determinist elements, Schmitt creates varying historical narratives which together attribute the limitations of the state form to its own genesis. Schmitt creates a multi-layered historical account in which broadly domestic and international factors combine to erode the possibility of authentic political separation, and 'hasten' a broad universalism. Theological in origin, Schmitt deploys the opposing typologies of 'restraint' and 'hastening' as both historical descriptions, and as yardsticks by which to measure the efficacy of political actors. In the context of contemporary events, Schmitt eventually concludes that the history of the state has entered a period of terminal acceleration, and can no longer be sustained via the usual political methods. Having depicted this historical perspective, the thesis goes on to consider the ramifications of these conclusions for Schmitt's continued relevance as a theorist of the international. Consideration is given to the two devices Schmitt deploys in an attempt to uncover a new language for world politics - the Grossraum and the Partisan. The thesis argues that neither concept lives up to its claim to transcend or reform Schmitt's pessimistic history of the state. They are both derivative concepts that collapse back into Schmitt's wider nostalgia for the European state form. On Schmitt's own terms, they do not offer a conceptual point of departure for a raw new account of inter-genus politics. Rejecting the notion of 'Schmittianism' as a coherent and programmatic position in IR, the thesis concludes that Schmitt's continuing value lies in his provocative historical critique, rather than his conceptual innovation.
43
Diener, Keith William. « A Defense of Soft Positivism : Justice and Principle Processes ». unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172006-125357/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Andrew Altman, committee chair; Andrew J. Cohen, William Edmundson, committee members. Electronic text (75 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
44
Mackie, Julian E. « Just Housing : An Examination of Inequality in John Rawls’ Theory of Justice as Fairness ». Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1195.
Texte intégralRésumé :
How would a housing system work in a just society? How do we account for differences in opportunity according to one’s birthplace? These two questions, both a result of our recent housing crisis, can be addressed through inquiries into policy, economics, history, or other forms of social sciences. In this paper I attempt to address these questions instead through a philosophical lens by examining the principles that guide the distribution of goods in our society. It is from such a theory that we can construct the fairest government or economic policies.
Theories of distributive justice try to account for the fairest distribution of goods in a society. I take one such theory, John Rawls’ theory of justice as fairness, and apply it to the distribution of housing. I begin by deconstructing the core principles of Rawls’ theory and analyzing how each applies to housing. Then I make an argument about the fairness of these outcomes. My conclusion is, in fact, Rawls theory does not adequately account for the importance of housing in our society. In doing so, I hope to demonstrate the inequalities that face families throughout our society by illustrating the profound impact of housing on one’s well-being as well as one’s opportunity to succeed.
45
Soni, Gaurav. « Development and Validation of a Simulator based on a First-Principle Flotation Model ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23918.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A first-principle flotation model was derived at Virginia Tech from the basic mechanisms involved in the bubble-particle and bubble-bubble interactions occurring in a flotation cell (Yoon and Mao, 1996; Sherrell and Yoon, 2005; Do, H, 2010). The model consists of a series of analytical equations for bubble generation, bubble-particle collision, attachment, detachment, and froth phase recovery. The process of bubble-particle attachment has been modelled on the premise that bubble-particle attachment occurs when the disjoining pressure of the thin liquid in a wetting films formed between particle and bubble is negative, as was first suggested by Laskowski and Kitchener (1969). These provisions allow for the flotation model to incorporate various chemistry parameters such as zeta-potentials, contact angles, surface tension in addition to the physical and hydrodynamic parameters such as particle size, bubble size, and energy dissipation rate.
In the present work, the effects of both hydrodynamic and chemistry parameters have been studied using the model-based computer simulator. A series of laboratory batch flotation experiments carried out on mono-sized glass beads validated the simulation results. The flotation feeds were characterized in terms of particle size, contact angle, and Hamaker constant, and the flotation experiments were conducted at different energy dissipation rates, gas rates, froth heights. The flotation tests were also carried out on mixtures of hydrophobic silica and hydrophilic magnetite particles, so that the grades of the flotation products can be readily determined by magnetic separation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the model predictions both in terms of grade and recovery.Master of Science
46
Fraser, Paul R. « Development and application of a multi-channel algebraic theory for nucleon-nucleus scattering / ». Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3597.
Texte intégral
47
Barbagallo, Mathias. « Statistical energy analysis and variational principles for the prediction of sound transmission in multilayered structures ». Doctoral thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118427.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Multilayered structures have many application in industry and society: they have peculiar properties and serve a variety of purposes, like structural support, thermal insulation, vibrational and acoustic isolation. This thesis concerns the prediction of sound transmission in multilayered structures. Two problems are herein investigated: the transmission of energy through structures and the transmission of energy along structures. The focus of the analysis is on the mid to high frequency range. To predict sound transmission in these structures, statistical energy analysis (SEA) is used.SEA models are devised for the prediction of the sound reduction index for two kinds of multilayered structures, double-walls used in buildings and trim-panels in vehicles; the double-walls comprise an air cavity in between flat plasterboard or glass plates, whereas the trim-panels a porous layer in between curved aluminium and rubber layers. The SEA models are based upon the wave-types carrying energy. The novelty in these SEAs is an element describing the waves in the air cavity, or in the porous layer, fully coupled to the mass-impeded external layers. Compared to measurements, the proposed SEA performs well: for double-walls, it performs better than previous models; for trim-panels, it is an original result. The parameters of the new SEA element, such as modal density, are derived from the coupling equations describing the fully coupled waves. For double-walls, these equations are derived via Newton's laws. For trim-panels, a variational approach based upon a modified Hamilton's principle valid for non-conservative systems is preferred, because it is a powerful machinery for deriving equations of motion and coupling conditions of a medium as complex as the porous layer. The modified Hamilton's principle for non-conservative systems is based upon a self-adjoint functional analogous to the Lagrangian, inspired by Morse and Feshbach's construction. A self-adjoint variational principle for Biot's equations in the displacement formulation is devised. An equivalent mixed formulation is obtained changing the coordinates of the displacement formulation via Lagrange multipliers. From this mixed formulation, the Lagrangian for a porous material with a limp frame is derived, which yields the continuity of the total displacement of the porous layer. Lagrange multipliers help to obtain the correct coupling functionals between a porous material and a solid. The Lagrange multipliers introducing the continuity of the frame and the solid displacements equal the traction of the in-vacuo frame, thus disappearing if the latter is limp. Measurements to gather material parameters for a Biot model of the porous layer have been conducted.The effects of spatial energy decay in the transmission along structures predicted by SEA is studied: a major effect is the increased relevance of indirect coupling loss factors between SEA elements. This may jeopardize the usefulness of SEA at higher frequencies.QC 20130218
48
Nemati, Navid. « Macroscopic theory of sound propagation in rigid-framed porous materials allowing for spatial dispersion : principle and validation ». Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00976907.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This work is dedicated to present and validate a new and generalized macroscopic nonlocal theory of sound propagation in rigid-framed porous media saturated with a viscothermal fluid. This theory allows to go beyond the limits of the classical local theory and within the limits of linear theory, to take not only temporal dispersion, but also spatial dispersion into account. In the framework of the new approach, a homogenization procedure is proposed to upscale the dynamics of sound propagation from Navier-Stokes-Fourier scale to the volume-average scale, through solving two independent microscopic action-response problems. Contrary to the classical method of homogenization, there is no length-constraint to be considered alongside of the development of the new method, thus, there is no frequency limit for the medium effective properties to be valid. In absence of solid matrix, this procedure leads to Kirchhoff-Langevin's dispersion equation for sound propagation in viscothermal fluids. The new theory and upscaling procedure are validated in three cases corresponding to three different periodic microgeometries of the porous structure. Employing a semi-analytical method in the simple case of cylindrical circular tubes filled with a viscothermal fluid, it is found that the wavenumbers and impedances predicted by nonlocal theory match with those of the long-known Kirchhoff's exact solution, while the results by local theory (Zwikker and Kosten's) yield only the wavenumber of the least attenuated mode, in addition, with a small discrepancy compared to Kirchhoff's. In the case where the porous medium is made of a 2D square network of cylindrical solid inclusions, the frequency-dependent phase velocities of the least attenuated mode are computed based on the local and nonlocal approaches, by using direct Finite Element numerical simulations. The phase velocity of the least attenuated Bloch wave computed through a completely different quasi-exact multiple scattering method taking into account the viscothermal effects, shows a remarkable agreement with those obtained by the nonlocal theory in a wide frequency range. When the microgeometry is in the form of daisy chained Helmholtz resonators, using the upscaling procedure in nonlocal theory and a plane wave modelling lead to two effective density and bulk modulus functions in Fourier space. In the framework of the new upscaling procedure, Zwikker and Kosten's equations governing the pressure and velocity fields' dynamics averaged over the crosssections of the different parts of Helmholtz resonators, are employed in order to coarse-grain them to the scale of a periodic cell containing one resonator. The least attenuated wavenumber of the medium is obtained through a dispersion equation established via nonlocal theory, while an analytical modelling is performed, independently, to obtain the least attenuated Bloch mode propagating in the medium, in a frequency range where the resonance phenomena can be observed. The results corresponding to these two different methods show that not only the Bloch wave modelling, but also, especially, the modelling based on the new theory can describe the resonance phenomena originating from the spatial dispersion effects present in the macroscopic dynamics of the matarial.
49
Saeidibonab, Sepehr. « Homophily and Friendship Dynamics : An analysis of friendship formation with respect to homophily principle and distinctiveness theory ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-142321.
Texte intégralRésumé :
People always find themselves interacting with others and forming ties with them; these ties shape an individual’s social network which helps form the self-conception and identity of a person. In discussing the essence of social networks and how they are formed the concept of homophily is of high significance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to show the association between homophily and the process of friendship formation. As the structure of any social network is important in tie formation, I have also intended to study homophilous tie formation from a distinctiveness theory perspective, suggesting that individuals with minority characteristics are more prone to form friendship ties with each other. The types of homophily studied in this research are gender, religion, nationality/ethnicity, and political views. The data is gathered from the cohort which started grade 10 in upper secondary education in a school in Stockholm in Autumn 2012. The analyses were conducted using logistic regression. The results indicated the existence of gender homophily and national homophily. However, religious homophily did not appear to be significant; political homophily was only significant for individuals who were participating in political meetings. However, due to lack of sufficient data, the relations between network structure and homophilous relations could not be accurately tested. Since the data were not collected randomly and the school was chosen due to its specific characteristics, it is not possible to generalize the results of the research to all of the adolescents living in Stockholm. However, this research sheds some light on the mechanisms at play in friendship formation among adolescents.
50
POTINI, ALESSANDRO. « Trajectory tracking in switched systems : an internal model principle approach : the elliptical billiard system as a benchmark for theory ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/508.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Sistemi dinamici caratterizzati dall'interazione tra dinamiche continue e discrete sono detti sistemi ibridi. Un sistema switched è un particolare sistema
ibrido costituito da una famiglia di sottosistemi a tempo continuo e da una
legge che ne regola le transizioni. Questi sistemi hanno numerose applicazioni
nel controllo di sistemi meccanici, nell'industria automobilistica e aeronautica,
nel controllo del traffico aereo, nell'elettronica di potenza, etc.
Questa tesi sarà incentrata sul problema dell'inseguimento asintotico di traiettoria per sistemi switched. Nella prima parte, il problema di inseguimento è stato propriamente definito e risolto prendendo in esame il sistema biliardo
ellittico. Al fine di definire una classe di traiettorie di riferimento ammissibili per il sistema biliardo un problema di pianificazione di traiettoria è stato
approntato e risolto attraverso l'utilizzo di risultati della teoria dei polinomi non negativi e tecniche LMI. Il problema di inseguimento in presenza di incertezze
nei parametri del sistema è stato considerato e risolto sia nel caso di feedback
dallo stato che dalla sola posizione. Nella seconda parte della tesi i risultati
ottenuti per il sistema biliardo sono stati generalizzati per una classe di sistemi
switched con dinamica lineare in ogni modo operazionale, mappe di reset lineari
e dimensione dello spazio di stato possibilmente variabile tra i vari modi. In tutti
i casi la strategia di controllo proposta è basata su una versione discontinua del
principio del modello interno.Dynamical systems that are described by an interaction between continuous and discrete dynamics are called hybrid systems. Their evolution is generally given by equations of motion containing mixtures of logic, discrete-valued or digital dynamics, and continuous-variable or analog dynamics. A switched system is a hybrid dynamical system consisting of a family of continuous-time subsystems and a rule that orchestrates the switching between them. These systems have numerous applications in control of mechanical systems, automotive industry, aircraft and air traffic control, switching power converters, and many others. This thesis will focus on the problem of asymptotic trajectory tracking for switched systems. First, the tracking control problem is properly stated and solved for a controlled elliptical billiard system. In order to find an admissible class of reference trajectories inside the billiards a motion planning problem has been solved by using results from the theory of non-negative polynomials and LMIs techniques. The trajectory tracking problem in presence of uncertainties on the plant parameters has been also considered and solved in both cases of state-feedback and output-feedback. In the second part, the results obtained for the billiard system are generalized for a class of switched systems having linear dynamics in each operating mode, linear reset maps and possible nonuniform state space among the different modes. In all cases the proposed control strategy is based on a dynamic compensator, whose state is subject to discontinuities and whose structure is based on a nonsmooth version of the internal model principle.