Thèses sur le sujet « Test microbiologico »
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GERARDI, EMANUELA. « Rapporti tra parodontologia ed ortodonzia : valutazione dell'attività antimicrobica delle legature OrthoShield Safe-T-Tie a rilascio d'argento nei pazienti sottoposti a trattamento ortodontico ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/19464.
Texte intégralMontevecchi, Marco <1972>. « Studio della patologia parodontale nei soggetti con Sindrome di Down. Analisi clinica, genetica e microbiologica ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9194/1/TESI%20M.Montevecchi.pdf.
Texte intégralDown Syndrome (DS) is a genetic disease associated with an extra chromosome #21 and It is the most common chromosomal disorder. The condition is associated with characteristic dysmorphic features, mental retardation and other systemic alterations. Periodontal disease is a serious and morbid oral condition among individuals with DS. A multitude of factors may be involved in the increased susceptibility to periodontitis. The present research focuses on two aspects: the microbiological composition and the Interleukin 1 (IL-1) polymorphism. The microbiological examination has been performed on two distinct groups: 30 DS children (mean age 5.5±1,2) and 46 healthy children (mean age 4.5±1,2), each subject with deciduous dentition and absence of clinical attachment loss. By PCR assay 5 periodontal pathogens were investigated: Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia (Tf) e Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). Statistical evaluation showed no significant differences between the two groups except for Tf and Aa (p = 0.001). The study group subjects presented a probability of about 8 times higher for Aa positivity and 9 times higher for Tf than the control group (p = 0.001). The IL-1 polymorphism was investigated on 19 DS adult (mean age 46±7) caucasian subjects with periodontitis. An amount corresponding to 40ng of DNA was used for the analysis of the following genetic polymorphisms IL-1A-889, IL-1B + 3954 and IL-1RN + 2018 by Real-Time PCR assay. Rare polymorphism for IL-1A was detected in 12 subjects (63%), that for IL-1B in 10 subjects (53%), that for IL-1RN in 7 subjects (37%). The composite condition of the rare allele for IL-1 A/B was detected in 9 subjects (47%). A significant association with the clinical parameters of periodontal disease and number of tooth loss was detected with the rare variants of IL-1 polymorphisms, in particular for the composite genotype that resulted correlated to each variables investigated.
PAOLUCCI, PAOLO. « Biocompatibilità di quattro cementi-sealant endodontici : valutazioni istopatologiche e microbiologiche mediante test “in vivo” e “in vitro” ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209193.
Texte intégralAims of the work: the first objective of our research was to evaluate the tissutal subcutaneous reaction induced by endodontic sealers direct contact and their vitro citoxicity. The second aim was the identification of the mostly present bacteria in necrotic teeth root canal system and the evaluation of antibiotic tested sealer properties. Materials and methods: the tested sealer were: PCS, AH-PLUS, ROEKO-SEAL, APEXIT. The menas of the research were CD1 mice, L929 cellular cultures, grow in RPMI 1640. Results and conclusions: all the tested sealers shows an average tissutale toxicity. PCS induces severe inflammatory reaction but has low citotoxicity and only a mild antibacterial actvity. ROEKO-SEAL determines a mild tissutal reaction, a minimal citotoxicity and an average antibacterial activity. APEXIT induce san inflammatory reaction of moderate-severe grade, a low level citotoxicity and antibacterial activity wich is efficacius on few species only. PAROLE CHIAVE Bicompatibilità, citotossicità, attività antibiotica, test microbiologici, cementi endododntici.
Proto, Mariarita <1990>. « Essential oils and hydrolates as potential tools for integrated prevention of bacterial diseases in plants ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10292/1/TESI%20PhD%20MRP.pdf.
Texte intégralJanoir, Claire. « Mode d'acquisition et transfert de la resistance aux fluoroquinolones chez streptococcus pneumoniae (doctorat. Microbiologie) ». Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114838.
Texte intégralPereira, Maria Angélica dos Reis Garrido. « Uso do probiótico Bacillus spp. na larvicultura do bijupirá Rachycentron canadum em sistema de recirculação de água ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2011. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2572.
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O bijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) é um peixe marinho que apresenta bom potencial para seu cultivo. Muitas pesquisas demonstram os efeitos benéficos do probiótico Bacillus spp. na aquicultura, porém não há estudos sobre os efeitos de probióticos em sistemas de recirculação de água (SRA). Este trabalho analisa os efeitos do probiótico Bacillus spp. na performance de larvas de bijupirá criadas em SRA. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Virginia Tech (EUA). As larvas foram estocadas em dois SRA independentes entre si - tratamento probiótico (TP) e tratamento controle (TC) - na densidade de 15 larvas/L, durante 26 dias após a eclosão. Um dos sistemas (TP) recebeu a adição de probiótico comercial composto por B. subtilis, B. licheniformis e B. pumilus diretamente na água e via alimento vivo, conforme o fabricante. As análises de microbiologia e qualidade de água foram feitas diariamente por medição de parâmetros físico e químicos e plaqueamento em meio de cultura para contagem de Bacillus totais e Vibrio totais. Ao final do experimento foram realizados biometria e contagem total dos animais, teste de resistência ao estresse salino e fixação de larvas para imunohistoquímica do timo para avaliar a expressão dos complexos multirreceptores de antígenos CD3 e CD4 de linfócitos T e morfometria do rim cefálico. A sobrevivência foi similar e de 14,9±2,4% e 15,1±0,9% para TP e TC respectivamente. O peso final foi de 170±10 mg para TP e 160±10 mg TC, não havendo diferença estatística entre os tratamentos. Na microbiologia da água não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos na contagem de víbrios totais (TP: 3.366±522 UFC/mL; TC: 4.964±902 UFC/mL). Na contagem de Bacillus totais os tratamentos diferiram estatisticamente, sendo maior a concentração no TP pela adição dos Bacillus spp. (901±88 UFC/mL e 61±24 UFC/mL). O teste de estresse por salinidade demonstrou uma maior resistência ao estresse salino pelas larvas do tratamento probiótico. A análise imunohistoquímica mostrou uma maior expressão de CD4 no timo em PT (TP: 43,7 ± 6,16% CD4 células/mm²; TC: 25,4 ± 3,5% CD4 células/mm²), o que pode indicar uma melhor resposta imune contra patógenos. A análise morfométrica do rim cefálico indica que este órgão é maior no TP (TP: 0,97 ± 0,33 milímetros; TC: 0,69 ± 0,22 milímetros), provavelmente devido a um aumento na quantidade de linfócitos B. Estes resultados indicam que o probiótico utilizado em um sistema de recirculação de água é efetivo quanto à imunoestimulação e aumenta a resistência ao estresse salino.
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a marine finfish with good potential for mariculture. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of probiotic Bacillus spp. on the performance of cobia larvae reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotic Bacillus spp. in aquaculture, but there are no studies on the effects of probiotics in RAS, requiring research on their effectiveness, since in open systems the beneficial effects are already known. The trial was conducted at Virginia Tech VSAREC (USA). Larvae were stocked into two independent RAS - probiotic treatment and control - at a density of 15 larvae L-1, for 26 days after hatching. One of the systems (Probiotic treatment) received the addition of a commercial probiotic consisting of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus pumilus directly into the water and by live feed, according to the manufacturer. At the end of the experiment we performed biometrics, larvae counts, stress test and larvae were fixed for morphometric analysis of head kidney and for immunohistochemistry of thymus to evaluate the phenotypic expression of complex antigens CD3 and CD4 in T-lymphocytes. Survival and final weight had no significant difference between groups. The analysis of water microbiology had no significant differences between treatments in total counts of Vibrio, but in the total count of Bacillus treatments differed statistically, with a higher concentration in Probiotic treatment because of the addition of Bacillus spp. in this group. The salinity stress test was expressed by stress sensitivity index (SSI), which demonstrated a greater resistance to salt stress by larvae of probiotic treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a higher expression of CD4 in Probiotic treatment, which may indicate better immune response against pathogens. The morphometric analysis of head kidney indicates that this organ is larger in Probiotic treatment, probably due to an increase in the quantity of B-lymphocytes. These results indicate that Bacillus spp. probiotics used in RAS may stimulate the immune system and increase the general stress resistance of cobia larvae.
Russell, Joyce Irene. « The relevance of microbiological tests in the prediction of caries in adolescents ». Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292025.
Texte intégralWójcik, Weronika. « Evaluation of microbiological activity during the deammonification process for nitrogen removal ». Thesis, KTH, VA-teknik, Vatten, Avlopp och Avfall, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96300.
Texte intégralPinelli, Camila. « Eficacia de um teste microbiologico para estreptococos do grupo mutans na avaliação do risco de carie ». [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288320.
Texte intégralDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficácia de um teste microbiológico para estreptococos do grupo mutans na avaliação do risco de cárie. Oitenta e um alunos de 6a a 8a séries da rede pública escolar de Piracicaba foram selecionados e se submeteram a um exame clínico odontológico - feito por um pesquisador clínico com experiência no diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes de alta atividade de cárie - e a um exame salivar, feito com o produto CARITEST SM®, a partir de um mesmo lote de fabricação. Utilizando-se a estatística kappa, a reprodutibilidade do teste microbiológico foi verificada através da concordância interexaminador, na avaliação dos resultados microbiológicos de maneira independente. A validade foi verificada, através da sensibilidade e especificidade, comparando-se os resultados microbiológicos com o critério de validação ("gold standard") da pesquisa. Os valores de kappa, k=0,55 e k=0,78, representaram, respectivamente, uma concordância interexaminador regular considerando a avaliação segundo 6 escores propostos pelo fabricante, e uma concordância boa para a classificação segundo alta e baixa contagem microbiológica,- dada pelo agrupamento dos escores. O valor para a sensibilidade foi de 0,59 e para a especificidade foi de 0,85, mostrando que o teste foi mais específico do que sensível, identificando melhor os indivíduos de baixo risco de cárie. Esse teste microbiológico pode ser considerado um bom auxiliar na avaliação do risco de cárie, porém não é o único fator preditivo a ser avaliado, frente ao caráter multifatorial da doença
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a microbiological test for estimation of mutans streptococci levels in caries risk assessment. Eighty-one volunteers from 6th up to 8th grades from Piracicaba's public schools were assessed for dental caries. A researcher with great skills in examining and treating patients with high caries activity performed the examinations. The students were then submitted to a salivary test, CARITEST SM® (from the same batch number). Kappa statistics (K) was applied to verify the repeatibility of the simplified test checked through interexaminer agreement, in the classification of the microbiological tests, independently and blind. The validity of the test was verified according to sensibility and specificity, comparing the microbiological results with the gold standard for caries risk. A fair agreement was verified when the examiners classified according to 6 scores (K=0.55) and a good agreement when they classified according to high or low density of unit colonies formation (K=0.78). The sensibility was 0.59 and the specificity was 0.85, showing that there was a moderate ability of the test to identify the subjects with high caries risk and a substantial ability to identify the group of low caries risk. The microbiological test represents an aid for cariesrisk assessment, but it is not the only criteria to be used for caries risk diagnosis, considering the multifactorial character of the disease
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
Olanié, Florian Amador del Valle Gilles. « Les tests biologiques en parodontologie ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=50576.
Texte intégralPalmieri, Claudio. « Caratterizzazione di nuovi elementi coniugativi che veicolano i geni tet(W) e tet(O/W/32/O) in Streptococcus suis ». Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242208.
Texte intégralLira, Rodolfo Santos de. « Validação de teste de esterilidade baseado em detecção de dióxido de carbono ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-11112014-091025/.
Texte intégralNowadays, the harmonized sterility test method described on pharmacopoeias requires an incubation period of 14 days. During this period the product stays on quarantine waiting the result for release, which demands warehousing and inventory costs. The application of Rapid microbiologial methods for sterility testing is particulary interesting considering the benefits of incubation time reduction, quarantine period reduction, time reduction for material preparation, reduction of time for test execution and technical training.This work evaluated comparetivelly the performance of Bact/Alert 3D system as a rapid microbiologial method applied to sterility testing and sterility testing according to described on Brazilian pharmacopeia and harmonized pharmacopeias (American pharmacopeia, European pharmacopeia and Japanese pharmacopeia). The Bact/Alert 3D is based on microrganisms gowth and has as principle the detection of pad color change which is sensible to carbon dioxide release by microorganism metabolism. To perform the evaluation it was considered Buffer saline solution, Metronidazol solution and Polieletrolitic dialysis concentrate solution. Challenge Microrganisms: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Bacilus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739 ), Clostridium sporogenes (ATCC 19404), Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) and Aspergillus brasiliensis (ATCC 16404). Inoculum load: 20CFU/sample; 2 CFU/sample; 0,2CFU/sample. Incubation temperature: 32,5 ± 0,5 °C. The samples were evaluated during 14 days. Aseptic samples of the three products were intentionally contaminated with BioBalls® SingleShot of challenge microorganisms, according to inoculum concentration desired, and were tested by indirect inoculation. After 18h aliquotes of were taken from inoculated culture media and inoculated into BacT/Alert 3D culture media bottles. Bact/Alert showed equivalence to compendial method (p > 0,05) and showed results faster than compendial method.
Andrinople, Christine. « Importance des endotoxines dans l'eau pour hémodialyse et le test Limulus ». Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P038.
Texte intégralMaheux, Andrée. « Développement de tests moléculaires pour l’évaluation de la qualité microbiologique de l’eau potable ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28294/28294_1.pdf.
Texte intégralTrottier, Stephanie (Stephanie Marie Gisele). « Study of four new, field-based, microbiological tests : verification of the hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), Easygel®, Colilert and Petrifilm(tm) tests ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/60782.
Texte intégralCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-120).
Currently, the U.N. defines water sources as "improved" (e.g. public taps, protected dug wells and springs, rainwater collection) and "unimproved" (e.g. surface waters, unprotected dug well and spring, and vended water). Although these water quality indicators are easy to measure, they do not reflect the actual quality of the drinking water source. A more accurate method of determining drinking water quality is to perform laboratory drinking water quality tests. Laboratory testing is especially difficult in developing countries where funds, technology, laboratory facilities, and trained laboratory personnel are lacking. Fortunately, over the last 30 years, scientists, researchers and inventors have developed a series of low-cost, microbiological, field-based tests. These include the Presence/Absence (P/A) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) test, the enumerative Easygel®, test, the 10-mL P/A Colilert test and enumerative PetrifilmTM test. However, the accuracy of these tests has never verified or established. The objective of this thesis is fourfold: (1) to verify the accuracy of the four field-based tests: the H2S tests (laboratory-made reagent for 10-, 20- and 100-mL sample volume, and industry-made HACH PathoScreenTM reagent), Easygel®, , Colilert and PetrifilmTM, by comparing them to two Standard Methods tests: Quanti-Tray® and membrane filtration; and to assess these tests based on two other factors: cost and practicality/ease of use; (2) to assess the suitability of the H2S producing bacteria as an indicator of fecal contamination; (3) to provide recommendations for the use of a single P/A test and a single enumerative test (PetrifilmTM or Easygel®, ) to be used on the field; and (4) to provide recommendations for a testing combination made up of one P/A test and one enumerative test. The tests used in this study were conducted on water samples collected from Capiz Province, Philippines, and from the Charles River, Cambridge, MA. The H2S-producing bacteria was found to be a valid indicator of fecal contamination. However, further testing is recommended to ensure that the H2S-producing bacteria meet all the WHO requirements for an ideal indicator of fecal contamination. The study recommends the use of the 20-mL H2S test and the Colilert test as a single P/A test for testing improved and unimproved water sources, respectively. The use of the Easygel®, test as a single enumerative test is recommended for testing improved water sources, and the use of the other enumerative tests (Easygel®, and PetrifilmTM) is strongly discouraged for unimproved sources. The combination of the 20-mL H2S test and Easygel®, combination is recommended for field-based microbiological drinking water quality testing.
by Stephanie Trottier.
M.Eng.
Chapman, Katherine Emma. « Assessment of the effect of dosing regime and cell culture model on micronucleus induction in in vitro genotoxicity test systems ». Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678362.
Texte intégralPicanço, Aline Marinho. « Estudo para validação de método rápido microbiológico aplicado a teste de esterilidade : técnica de bioluminescência de ATP ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-26052015-135426/.
Texte intégralThis study is being conducted with a goal of validating and developing the fast microbiological method of ATP bioluminescence, as an alternative method to the sterility test. The ATP reacts with the enzymatic system luciferin-luciferase and produces light in the presence of magnesium ions, this reaction can be used for microorganism\'s detection. The light generated in this reaction can be measured by a device called luminometer that translates the signal in relative light units (RLU). This methodology has high sensibility and it can be used in the sterile products analysis with the objective of reducing the time of the sample. While the turbidity of the culture medium it can be visualized just when the sample reaches a concentration of 106 UCF per mL, the bioluminescence assay can detect samples at concentrations around 104 UCF per mL. The both methods, conventional (filtration technique) and alternative were done in parallel and the result data were used in the validation study. It was used in the assay the next parenteral solutions: physiological solution 0,9%, metronidazole solution 0,5%, dextrose solution 5% and Ringer lactate. The test solutions were inoculated with the microorganism suspensions, prepared by the dilution of the Bioballs® with result concentrations of 10 CFU/100 mL, 2 FU/100 mL and 0,4 CFU/ mL. After the conventional test was performed, the result membranes were incubated in thioglicollate and soybean casein broth. After 96 hours of incubation, aliquots from the broth were taken to perform the analysis by the alternative method. The following microorganisms were selected to perform the validation study: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium sporogenes, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, Kocuria rosea and Micrococcus luteus. The analysis of results shows that the alternative method can detect the test microorganisms. Regarding of the sensibility, the alternative method shows advantage in the 2 CFU/mL inoculum concentration and equivalence in the other two concentrations. The method shows evidence of robustness because the results were not affected by the products or culture media used in the assay. Additionally concerning the detection time, the alternative method was established equivalent to the conventional method (p-value=0,43).
Nougairede, Antoine. « Pandémie grippale A/H1N1 2009/2010 : Diagnostic et épidémiologie au laboratoire hospitalier de microbiologie clinique à Marseille ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5000/document.
Texte intégralIn late April 2009, a new swine-origin A/H1N1 Influenza virus emerged and spread rapidly worldwide causing the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. This work describes how we coped with this emergency situation in the virology laboratory of Marseille public hospitals. From April 2009 to April 2010, we analyzed more than 13,000 samples from suspected cases. We needed to adapt continuously the organization to maintain diagnostic capacity and the implementation of a point of care strategy revealed very useful to achieve this goal. Our results support the use of rapid Influenza detection tests in combination with real-time RT-PCR because it reduces significantly the delay from sample to result for positive cases, thus giving the opportunity to improve patient management. Epidemiological data from all suspected cases tested allowed us to obtain timely precious information about the epidemiology of this pandemic as the estimation of (i) the incidence by age group, (ii) the rate of hospitalization and (iii) the mortality rate among tested patients. Finally, we set up a serological study and showed that around 12% of the French population had been infected by this new virus in 2009-2010 with higher attack rates observed in children and young adults
Oliveira, Jonathas Sales de. « Antifungal susceptibility, exoenzyme activity and biofilm production by Candida tropicalis strains from animal sources ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14788.
Texte intégralIn recent years there has been a significant increase in the incidence of fungal infections caused by Candida species. Although C. albicans be considered the principal representing of the genus, other species have been gaining prominence. C. tropicalis, for example, has been associated with serious invasive cadidiases, being the first or second type of non-Candida albicans Candida most commonly isolated in humans with candidemia and candiduria and is frequently isolated from healthy animals and animals with candidiasis. To establish infection, C. tropicalis expresses many virulence factors such as the secretion of enzymes phospholipases and proteases, biofilm production, among others. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile and production of virulence factors in strains of C. tropicalis (n=100) isolated from several animal species. The strains were subjected to in vitro susceptibility testing by broth microdilution test, M27-A3 protocol, standardized by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute against amphotericin B, itraconazole and fluconazole. We also evaluated the virulence attributes, such as proteases and phospholipases production and biofilm formation. Regarding the susceptibility of C. tropicalis strains, 38% were resistant to itraconazole, 40% were resistant to fluconazole and 34% were resistant to both azoles. None of the strains were resistant to amphotericin B. Regarding the production of proteases, 84% of the strains secreted these enzymes in the medium with pH 5.0, whereas only 40% of the strains were active at pH 3.5. Only 8% of the strains produced phospholipases. The strains showed different pattern in biofilm production, which 63,2% were strong producers, 17,6% were moderate producers, and 13,3% were weak producers. In sumary, the C. tropicalis strains isolated from animals showed high rate of resistance to azoles and expressed important virulence factors, indicating a potential threat to human and animal health.
Nos Ãltimos anos houve um aumento significativo na incidÃncia de infecÃÃes fÃngicas causadas por leveduras do gÃnero Candida. Apesar de C. albicans ser considerada a principal representante do gÃnero, outras espÃcies vÃm ganhando destaque. C. tropicalis, por exemplo, tem sido associada à cadidÃases invasivas graves, sendo a primeira ou segunda espÃcie de Candida nÃo-albicans mais comumente isolada em candidemia e candidÃria em humanos, alÃm de ser frequentemente isolada da microbiota de animais saudÃveis e com candidÃase. Para estabelecer a infecÃÃo, C. tropicalis expressa diversos fatores de virulÃncia, como a secreÃÃo de enzimas protease e fosfolipase, a produÃÃo de biofilme, dentre outros. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o perfil de sensibilidade antifÃngica in vitro e produÃÃo de fatores de virulÃncia de cepas de C. tropicalis (n=100) isoladas de diferentes espÃcies animais. As cepas foram submetidas a teste de sensibilidade in vitro por meio do mÃtodo de microdiluiÃÃo em caldo, protocolo M27-A3, padronizado pelo Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, frente anfotericina B, itraconazol e fluconazol. Foram avaliados ainda os atributos de virulÃncia: produÃÃo de enzimas proteases e fosfolipases e produÃÃo de biofilme. Quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade das cepas de C. tropicalis, 38% foram resistentes a itraconazol, 40% resistentes a fluconazol e 34% foram resistentes a ambos os derivados azÃlicos. Nenhuma cepa apresentou resistÃncia a anfotericina B. Quanto a produÃÃo de proteases, 84% das cepas secretaram estas enzimas em meio com pH 5,0, enquanto somente 40% das cepas foram ativas em pH 3,5. Somente 8% das cepas produziram fosfolipases. As cepas apresentaram padrÃo diferenciado na produÃÃo de biofilme, em que 63,2% foram consideradas fortes produtoras, 17,6% foram consideradas moderadas produtoras e 13,3% foram consideradas fracas produtoras. Em suma, os isolados de C. tropicalis provenientes de animais apresentaram resistÃncia a derivados azÃlicos e expressaram fatores de virulÃncia importantes, indicando potencial risco à saÃde humana e animal.
Leruez-Ville, Marianne. « La proteine non structurale du parvovirus humain b19 : role dans l'infection semi-permissive, production par un clone cellulaire stable et interaction avec le promoteur (doctorat : microbiologie) ». Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA114832.
Texte intégralStevanato, Marise Conceição Bastos. « Estudo da eficiência da lactoferrina como conservante em formulações semi-sólidas para produtos cosméticos e farmacêuticos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60131/tde-26072007-145038/.
Texte intégralThe bovine lactoferrin, discovered in 1939, is a glycoprotein that connects itself reversibly to two ions of iron being able to kidnap them from certain pathogens or from the environment promoting reduction of the microbial growth or, resulting in permeability if connected to its cellular walls. Lactoferrin has become important in researches because investigations have described its activity in vitro before many microorganisms. Due to this property, lactoferrin could be applied in cosmetic and food industries as a natural preservative. Even though some preservatives are already acclaimed in literature, lactoferrin has been related to the unleashing of allergic reactions and sensibility, motivating the search for the preservative. The goal of this paper was to evaluate lactoferrin as a preservative in semi-solid topic formulations for cosmetic and pharmaceutical uses as to verify the physical and physical-chemical stabilities. On this purpose, three different lactoferrin concentrations were incorporated in non-ionic and anionic creams, gel and gel-cream. Lactoferrin\'s performance was evaluated through testing the efficiency of the preservative, being that the formulations were contaminated by known concentrations of the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans e Aspergillus niger, with posterior counting of the number of Former Colony Units (FCT), in Petri plates, on times zero, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, as well as 7, 14, 21, 15, 30, 60, 90, 150 and 180 days, in temperatures of 4º, 25º and 40ºC. The physical-chemical stability was evaluated through the macroscopic characteristics,stability to centrifugation, pH, density and consistency. The physical stability through the determination of viscosity and reologic behavior. The results, in the experimental conditions of this paper, allowed inferring that the bovine lactoferrin didnt\'s provoke significant alteration in the physical and physical-chemical stabilities in the studied formulations. As to the efficiency of lactoferrin, it canot be classified as a substance endowed with preservative activity because it didn\'t reach the extolled demands in official compendiums before the studied microorganisms. Although it didnt reach the official demands as a preservative, lactoferrin showed itself effective before the yeast Candida albicans on the formulations of the non-ionic cream and hidroxiethyl celulose gel. However, posterior studies will be able to evaluate the association of lactoferrin to other preservatives, seeking synergism between them, being able to consequently diminish the adverse reactions and sensibilities in the user.
CUTULI, Marco Alfio. « Modelli preclinici non convenzionali : vantaggi, limiti e applicabilità della proof of concept agli aspetti regolatori ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100701.
Texte intégralNew global regulations and greater ethical conscience lead to stronger controls on the use of vertebrates in pre-clinical studies. To overcome the significant costs and time required to obtain authorisation for mammalian studies, alternative animal models have been proposed in recent years to reduce the utilisation of vertebrates. Three non-conventional pre-clinical models were proposed and tested in the present work to evaluate in vivo activity and toxicity of chemical and biological substances. Promising results were obtained from the Lepidoptera Galleria mellonella, which proved to be a reliable pre-clinical model for screening natural antimicrobial substances, probiotics, and the host-parasite relationship. Encouraging data were also observed using the Coleoptera Tenebrio molitor as a potential model of intestinal inflammation. In addition, the snail species Limacus flavus was developed as an in vivo mucosal model to assess the irritant potential of chemicals. Although the proposed models have some limitations, they have proven to be effective for rapid and reproducible pre-clinical screening. These assays do not require sophisticated instruments and are aligned with current legislation on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Sartim, Maísa Guimarães [UNESP]. « Efeito da água ozonizada e gluconato de clorexidina sobre propriedades mecânicas e microbiológicas de materiais utilizados para confecção de próteses odontológicas ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127918.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O controle de infecções da cavidade bucal e facial vem direcionando a odontologia contemporânea, na busca de novos métodos de desinfecção, mais eficazes e rápidos, tanto para usuários de próteses provisórias e aparelhos ortodônticos quanto próteses bucomaxilofaciais. O efeito antimicrobiano do ozônio em solução ou na forma gasosa vem sendo demonstrado em diversas áreas da medicina e odontologia. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar in vitro a ação da água ozonizada e da solução do gluconato de clorexidina sobre: viabilidade celular de biofilmes mono espécie de Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis e Staphylococcus aureus formados em resina acrílica e silicone e seus efeitos sobre resistência flexural da resina e dureza do silicone. Foram confeccionados 66 corpos de prova de resina acrílica incolor autopolimerizável e 156 corpos de silicone MDX4-4210, incolor e pigmentado. Para a adesão e formação dos biofilmes mono espécie, os corpos de prova foram colocados em microplacas de 96 poços, contendo 100 μL de inóculo padronizado de C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) e S. aureus (ATCC 25923) em meio de cultura RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 com dextrose (SIGMA®), seguido de incubação e agitação constante em shaker, por 48 horas a 37ºC. A cada 24 horas, nova incorporação de meio de cultura era estabelecida. Decorrido este tempo, as amostras foram submetidas ao tratamento com água ozonizada - 1,0 PPM-mg/L (2, 5 e 10 minutos) e gluconato de clorexidina (10 minutos), e seguiram para análise de viabilidade celular por redução do sal terazólico (tetrazólio hidróxido -2,3-bis (2 - metoxi - 4 - nitro - 5 - sulfenil ) - 5 - [ ( fenilamino ) carbonil ] - 2H - tetrazólico - XTT) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Para o teste mecânico de resistência flexural, os corpos de prova de resina foram divididos em dois grupos de tratamento: água ozonizada e gluconato de...
The need to control infections of the oral cavity and the face is directing contemporary dentistry to search for new, more effective and rapid methods of both for users of temporary prostheses and orthodontic appliances as maxillofacial prostheses. The germicidal effect of ozone in solution or as a gas has been demonstrated in several areas of medicine and dentistry. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro action of ozonated water and chlorhexidine gluconate solution on the cell viability of single-species biofilms (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Staphylococcus aureus) formed in acrylic resin and silicone and its effect on the flexural strength and hardness silicone resin. Sixty-six test pieces of colorless self-curing acrylic resin and 156 test pieces of both colorless and pigmented MDX4-4210 silicone were made. In order to form and adhere single-species biofilms to the test pieces, they were placed in 96-well microplates containing 100 μL of standard inocula of C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) or S. aureus (ATCC 25923) in Roswell Park Memorial Institute dextrose (RPMI) 1640 culture medium (SIGMA®). Subsequently, the test pieces were incubated with constant stirring in a shaker for 48 hours at 37°C. More culture medium was added every 24 hours. Following this, the samples were treated with 1.0 ppm mg/L ozonated water for 2, 5 and 10 minutes or chlorhexidine gluconate solution for 10 minutes and the cell viability was analyzed by the tetrazolium salt reduction method (tetrazolium hydroxide-2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-XTT) and by scanning electron microscopy. For the flexural strength test, the resin test pieces were divided into two groups: ozonated water and chlorhexidine gluconate 2%. However, for the hardness test, the silicone test pieces were divided into four groups: immediately after making and after...
Bandeira, Silviane Praciano. « Coccidioidomicose no estado de Cearà (1995-2007) : caracterÃsticas clÃnico-laboratoriais e anÃlise das fraÃÃes protÃicas do antÃgeno total de Coccidioides posadasii no imunodiagnÃstico ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3728.
Texte intégralCoccidiodomycosis is a disease caused by dimorphic fungi of the Coccidioides genus â C. immitis and C. posadasii â which afflicts people and various animals, such as cattle, goats, rodents and dogs. It is restricted to the Americas and cases have been reported in the state of Cearà only since 1995. The infection generally results from inhaling the infectious structures arthroconidia -of the fungus. In its parasitic phase, the microorganisms responsible for the clinical signs of the disease have a spherical shape. Most cases are asymptomatic, and respiratory problems are the most common symptoms in patients that are clinically affected. The diseaseâs diagnosis is based on microbiological techniques such as direct examination of clinical specimens and culturing, but these procedures require specialized biosecurity level 3 facilities because the microorganism falls in biological class 3. The immunological approach appears promising because it does not require manipulation of the fungi and can be performed in various laboratories equipped for routine mycological tests. The aim of this work is to outline the clinical and laboratory profile of the cases of coccidiodomycosis that occurred in the state of Cearà between 1995 and 2007 and to report experiments to obtain antigenic fractions from fractioning AntÃgeno total of C. posadasii, as a possible means for immunodiagnosis of the disease. A total of 19 cases of the disease were cataloged in the study period. All the patients were young men with respiratory symptoms, except for one case. All but one of the patients reported they engaged in recreational hunting of armadillos. The laboratory approach in these cases consisted of microbiological examination combined with molecular, immunological, histopathological techniques or animal experiments. The protein fractioning of AntÃgeno total of C. posadasii produced three antigenic fractions with different protein content, electrophoretic profile and immunoreactivity according to the Western blotting technique. The 60-90% fraction showed an immunoreactive band of approximately 30 to 40 KDa, recognizable by sera from patients with coccidiodomycosis, but showed crossreactivity with some sera from patient with histoplasmosis. This protein band, in subsequent studies, can be characterized and purified for potential use as a tool for immunodiagnosis of the disease.
Marques, Francisca Jakelyne de Farias. « Efeito inibitÃrio in vitro de Drogas Antituberculose, AntifÃngicas e AnÃlogos QuÃmicos da Isoniazida frente a Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5728.
Texte intégralNos Ãltimos anos, a melhoria dos mÃtodos de diagnÃstico micolÃgico e as doenÃas imunossupressoras causaram grande impacto na incidÃncia das micoses profundas e oportunistas em todo o mundo, fato que impulsionou a realizaÃÃo de estudos de prospecÃÃo por novas drogas antifÃngicas. A histoplasmose à uma micose sistÃmica, causada pelo fungo Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum que, em pacientes hÃgidos, pode mimetizar a tuberculose quanto aos aspectos clÃnicos e radiolÃgicos. Alguns casos de histoplasmose refratÃria ao tratamento com drogas antifÃngicas convencionais vÃm sendo descritos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito inibitÃrio, in vitro, das drogas antituberculose: isoniazida (INH), pirazinamida (PZA) e etambutol (EMB); antifÃngicas: anfotericina B (AMB), fluconazol (FLC), itraconazol (ITC) e voriconazol (VRZ) e de anÃlogos quÃmicos da isoniazida frente a cepas de H. capsulatum (n=30), assim como avaliar o emprego de diferentes meios de cultura para a realizaÃÃo dos testes de sensibilidade. Para isso, primeiramente, foram repicadas 18 cepas de H. capsulatum em Ãgar BHI e utilizadas na realizaÃÃo dos testes de sensibilidade frente aos agentes antituberculose citados e anÃlogos quÃmicos da isoniazida, isolados e em combinaÃÃo com os antifÃngicos FLC, ITC e VRZ por meio da tÃcnica de macrodiluiÃÃo em caldo. Cada uma das 12 cepas restantes foi repicada em Ãgar batata dextrose, Ãgar BHI, Ãgar malte a 2% e Ãgar lactrimel e, analisadas ao microscÃpio Ãptico quanto a presenÃa de macroconÃdios tuberculados, sendo quantificados de acordo com os parÃmetros: (0-10); (10-50); (>50) macroconÃdios/campo. As culturas foram empregadas na determinaÃÃo dos testes de sensibilidade frente aos agentes antifÃngicos AMB, FLC, ITC e VRZ, utilizando a tÃcnica de microdiluiÃÃo em caldo. As drogas antituberculose inibiram o crescimento das cepas in vitro com valores de CIM de 0,04 a 0,30 mg/mL para INH, 0,55 a 3,13 mg/mL para PZA e 1,56 a 6,25 mg/mL para EMB. No tocante Ãs drogas antifÃngicas, todas as cepas foram sensÃveis apresentando valores de CIM que variaram de 0,0625 a 0,25 Âg/mL para AMB; 15,62 a 62,5 Âg/mL para FLC; 0,0039 a 0,0312 Âg/mL para ITC e 0,00156 a 0,25 Âg/mL para VRZ. Quanto Ãs combinaÃÃes entre os fÃrmacos antituberculose e os derivados azÃlicos, todas foram capazes de inibir o crescimento in vitro das cepas de H. capsulatum, sendo detectado sinergismo nas nove combinaÃÃes. Os anÃlogos da isoniazida apresentaram valores de CIM 2, 4, 8 e 15 vezes superior a atividade da droga antituberculose padrÃo. A partir da anÃlise micromorfolÃgica do fungo repicados nos quatro meios de cultura foi identificado a menor quantificaÃÃo (0-10 macroconÃdios/campo) para Ãgar batata, Ãgar BHI, Ãgar malte e Ãgar lactrimel, perfazendo um total de 11, 10, 6 e 7 cepas, respectivamente. O meio de cultura Ãgar malte foi o mais adequado para produÃÃo de macroconÃdios (10-50) e (>50), norteando um total de 6 cepas, seguido do meio lactrimel, 5 cepas. Em relaÃÃo a determinaÃÃo da CIM e o meio de cultura utilizado para o procedimento, observou-se que quando o inÃculo era proveniente de cepas em Ãgar malte e Ãgar BHI foi possÃvel a visualizaÃÃo da CIM em 11 cepas. Enquanto repiques feitos em Ãgar batata e lactrimel nÃo foi possÃvel determinar os valores de CIM para 8 e 5 cepas, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem dados adicionais sobre o potencial antifÃngico das drogas antituberculose e suas interaÃÃes com os derivados azÃlicos. Entretanto, novos estudos se fazem necessÃrio, visando determinar os mecanismos de aÃÃo desses compostos no metabolismo celular dos fungos.
In the past years, the improvement of mycological diagnosis methods and immunosuppressive diseases have caused a great impact in the incidence of opportunistic and deep mycoses all around the world, which motivated the performance of new antifungal drugs prospective studies. Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, which may mimic tuberculosis, in healthy individuals, concerning clinical and radiological aspects.ome cases of histoplasmosis that are refractory to the treatment with conventional antifungal drugs have been described. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory effect of the antituberculosis drugs: isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB); antifungal drugs: amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITC) and voriconazole (VRZ) and chemical analogs of isoniazid against strains of H. capsulatum (n=30), as well as to evaluate the use of different culture media for the performance of the susceptibility tests. For such, first, the antituberculosis agents INH, PZA and EMB and the analogs of isoniazid were tested isolatedely, and then, in association with the antifungal drugs FLC, ITC and VRZ, against 18 strains of H. capsulatum, previously grown onto BHI agar, through broth macrodilution technique. Each of the 12 remaining strains grown onto potato agar, BHI agar, 2% malt extract agar and lactritmel agar were microscopically analyzed, concerning the presence of tuberculate macroconidia, which were quantified as follows: 0-10, 10-50 and >50 macroconidia/field. Fungal cultures were used to determine the susceptibility of H. capsulatum to the antifungal agents AMB, FLC, ITC and VRZ, through broth microdilution methodology. The antituberculosis drugs inhibited the in vitro growth of the fungal strains, with MICs ranging from 0.04 to 0.30 mg/mL for INH; 0.55 to 3.13 mg/mL for PZA and 1.56 to 6.25 mg/mL for EMB. Concerning antifungal drugs, all the strains were susceptible, with MIC values ranging from 0.0625 to 0.25 Âg/mL for AMB; 15.62 to 62.5 Âg/mL for FLC; 0.0039 to 0.0312 Âg/mL for ITC, and 0.00156 to 0.25 Âg/mL for VRZ. When associating antituberculosis drugs with azole derivatives, all associations inhibited the in vitro growth of H. capsulatum strains, and synergy was observed for the nine combinations tested. Analogs of isoniazide presented MICs of 2, 4, 8 and 15-fold better than the standard antituberculosis drug. Basing on micromorphological analysis, the lowest quantification of macroconidia/field (0-10) was observed for 11, 10, 6 and 7 strains previously grown onto potato agar, BHI agar, malt agar and lactritmel agar, respectively. Malt agar was the most adequate medium for the production of macroconidia, 10-50 and >50/field, with a total of six strains; followed by lactritmel agar, with 5 strains. Concerning the relationship between MIC and culture medium used during the test, it was observed that inoculum from strains grown onto malt agar and BHI agar allowed the detection of the MIC for 11 strains. On the other hand, for those inocula grown onto potato agar and lactritmel agar, the MIC values were not detected for 8 and 5 strains, respectively. The results of this study provide additional data on the antifungal potential of antituberculosis drugs and their interactions with azole derivatives. However, new studies are necessary in order to determine the mechanism of action of these compounds on fungal cellular metabolism.
Sartim, Maísa Guimarães. « Efeito da água ozonizada e gluconato de clorexidina sobre propriedades mecânicas e microbiológicas de materiais utilizados para confecção de próteses odontológicas / ». São José do Rio Preto, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127918.
Texte intégralBanca: Aimée Maria Guiotti
Banca: Janaína de Cássia Orlandi Sardi
Resumo: O controle de infecções da cavidade bucal e facial vem direcionando a odontologia contemporânea, na busca de novos métodos de desinfecção, mais eficazes e rápidos, tanto para usuários de próteses provisórias e aparelhos ortodônticos quanto próteses bucomaxilofaciais. O efeito antimicrobiano do ozônio em solução ou na forma gasosa vem sendo demonstrado em diversas áreas da medicina e odontologia. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar in vitro a ação da água ozonizada e da solução do gluconato de clorexidina sobre: viabilidade celular de biofilmes mono espécie de Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis e Staphylococcus aureus formados em resina acrílica e silicone e seus efeitos sobre resistência flexural da resina e dureza do silicone. Foram confeccionados 66 corpos de prova de resina acrílica incolor autopolimerizável e 156 corpos de silicone MDX4-4210, incolor e pigmentado. Para a adesão e formação dos biofilmes mono espécie, os corpos de prova foram colocados em microplacas de 96 poços, contendo 100 μL de inóculo padronizado de C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) e S. aureus (ATCC 25923) em meio de cultura RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) 1640 com dextrose (SIGMA®), seguido de incubação e agitação constante em shaker, por 48 horas a 37ºC. A cada 24 horas, nova incorporação de meio de cultura era estabelecida. Decorrido este tempo, as amostras foram submetidas ao tratamento com água ozonizada - 1,0 PPM-mg/L (2, 5 e 10 minutos) e gluconato de clorexidina (10 minutos), e seguiram para análise de viabilidade celular por redução do sal terazólico (tetrazólio hidróxido -2,3-bis (2 - metoxi - 4 - nitro - 5 - sulfenil ) - 5 - [ ( fenilamino ) carbonil ] - 2H - tetrazólico - XTT) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. Para o teste mecânico de resistência flexural, os corpos de prova de resina foram divididos em dois grupos de tratamento: água ozonizada e gluconato de...
Abstract: The need to control infections of the oral cavity and the face is directing contemporary dentistry to search for new, more effective and rapid methods of both for users of temporary prostheses and orthodontic appliances as maxillofacial prostheses. The germicidal effect of ozone in solution or as a gas has been demonstrated in several areas of medicine and dentistry. This study aimed at evaluating the in vitro action of ozonated water and chlorhexidine gluconate solution on the cell viability of single-species biofilms (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and Staphylococcus aureus) formed in acrylic resin and silicone and its effect on the flexural strength and hardness silicone resin. Sixty-six test pieces of colorless self-curing acrylic resin and 156 test pieces of both colorless and pigmented MDX4-4210 silicone were made. In order to form and adhere single-species biofilms to the test pieces, they were placed in 96-well microplates containing 100 μL of standard inocula of C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) or S. aureus (ATCC 25923) in Roswell Park Memorial Institute dextrose (RPMI) 1640 culture medium (SIGMA®). Subsequently, the test pieces were incubated with constant stirring in a shaker for 48 hours at 37°C. More culture medium was added every 24 hours. Following this, the samples were treated with 1.0 ppm mg/L ozonated water for 2, 5 and 10 minutes or chlorhexidine gluconate solution for 10 minutes and the cell viability was analyzed by the tetrazolium salt reduction method (tetrazolium hydroxide-2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulphenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium-XTT) and by scanning electron microscopy. For the flexural strength test, the resin test pieces were divided into two groups: ozonated water and chlorhexidine gluconate 2%. However, for the hardness test, the silicone test pieces were divided into four groups: immediately after making and after...
Mestre
Gabrielson, Jenny. « Assessing the toxic impact of chemicals using bacteria / ». Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7140-143-1/.
Texte intégralMaheux, Andrée. « Développement de tests moléculaires pour l'évaluation de la qualité microbiologique de l'eau potable ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22772.
Texte intégralMelo, Charlline VlÃdia Silva de. « Atividade antifÃngica in vitro e mecanismo de aÃÃo de anÃlogos quÃmicos da isoniazida frente a Coccidioides posadasii ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13663.
Texte intégralFundaÃÃo de Amparo a CiÃncia e Tecnologia
Coccidioidomicose à uma micose sistÃmica que acomete o homem e outros animais domÃsticos e silvestres, causada pelo fungo dimÃrfico geofÃlico Coccidioides posadasii. Nos Ãltimos anos, a melhoria dos mÃtodos de diagnÃstico micolÃgico e o aumento da ocorrÃncia de doenÃas imunossupressoras causaram grande impacto na incidÃncia das micoses profundas e oportunistas no mundo. Apesar da existÃncia de terapias antifÃngicas eficazes contra a coccidioidomicose, a busca por novas drogas para o tratamento desta doenÃa se faz necessÃria. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar o efeito inibitÃrio, in vitro, e o mecanismo de aÃÃo dos anÃlogos quÃmicos da isoniazida, isolados e em combinaÃÃo com os antifÃngicos anfotericina B (AMB) e itraconazol (ITC), frente a cepas de Coccidioides posadasii (n=12). Para isso 12 cepas de C.posadasii, foram repicadas em Ãgar dextrose batata e utilizadas na realizaÃÃo dos testes de sensibilidade frente ao agente antituberculose isoniazida (INH) e seus anÃlogos quÃmicos. Os ensaios foram conduzidos por meio do teste de macrodiluiÃÃo em caldo ou definiÃÃo da concentraÃÃo inibitÃria mÃnima (CIM) e o sinergismo foi avaliado pelo mÃtodo do tabuleiro. Os anÃlogos quÃmicos inibiram o crescimento de todas as cepas de C. posadasii testadas isoladamente, com valores de CIM para cada composto que variaram de 100 a 400 Âg/mL, para os anÃlogos P3-[Nâ-(1- (4-methoxifeniletilideno) isonicotinohidrazida] P5- [Nâ- (1-m-tolileilidene) isonicotinohidrazida] e P6- [Nâ-(1-(4-metilfenil) etilideno) isonicotinohidrazida], de 25 a 100 Âg/mL para a PACT- Nâ- (1-feniletilideno) isonicotinohidrazida e de 0,0625 a 0,125 Âg/mL para AMB e 0,125 a 0,5 Âg/mL para ITC. Quanto a combinaÃÃo entre as drogas antifÃngicas e os anÃlogos quÃmicos da droga isoniazida, todos foram capazes de inibir o crescimento in vitro das cepas de C. posadasii. Sinergismo foi detectado em 8 combinaÃÃes nÃo sendo observado nenhum antagonismo em nenhuma delas. Os anÃlogos da isoniazida apresentaram valores de CIM de 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 vezes superior à atividade da droga antituberculose padrÃo. A extraÃÃo dos esterÃis e a permeabilidade da membrana fÃngica foram averiguadas, respectivamente, por saponificaÃÃo com aquecimento e por meio da leitura do sobrenadante da suspensÃo fÃngica em comprimento de onda de 260 e 280 nm. Todos os compostos inibiram o crescimento in vitro das cepas de C. posadasii. Foi observado que os anÃlogos da isoniazida isolados e em combinaÃÃo com antifÃngicos foram capazes de causar reduÃÃo do teor de ergosterol celular; apenas os anÃlogos P3 e P6 foram capazes de alterar a permeabilidade da membrana plasmÃtica nas condiÃÃes testadas. Em conclusÃo, os resultados mostram que os anÃlogos derivados da isoniazida possuem atividade inibitÃria frente a C. posadasii
Janeiro, David Gonçalo Pinho. « Sífilis congénita : caracterização da infecção e avaliação de técnicas laboratoriais para o seu diagnóstico ». Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7717.
Texte intégralOsbild, Dominique. « Développement d'un biocapteur à bactéries luminescentes immobilisées, pour le contrôle de la toxicité aiguë des eaux et effluents hydriques ». Metz, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997METZ031S.
Texte intégralThe aim of this work was to develop a biosensor using a water-sea luminescent bacteria Vibrio Fischeri. The bacteria are immobilized and maintened on an optic fiber which records continuously the variations of luminescence. The system is placed in the flow to analyze. The presence of toxic substances in the circulating flow is indicated by a drop of the bioluminescence. The sensitivity of the bacterial strain cultivated in the laboratory was checked. Thereafter, we studied of process of immobilization of the bacteria which could be used in dynamic conditions. Bacteria were adsorbed, by simple filtration, of a membrane. An immobilzation by adsorption on a filter membrane was shown to be optimal compared to an inclusion in a gel matrix, and was thus selected for dynamic studies. Then the sensitivity of the immobilized bacteria in a circulating flow was studied. When the bacterial support was correctly impregnated with the flow to analyze, the sensitivity of the immobilized bacteria presented the same sensitivity as free bacteria. Different compositions of the circulating flow have been tested then in order to maintien the luminescence of the bacteria during a week, without loss of their sensitivity. The continuous circulation of a medium containing traces of nutrients and periodically aerated, enabled autonomy of the system during 8 days. After some days of functionning, the sensitivity of the immobilized bacteria was still satisfying. The bacterial supports could be kept luminescent and sensitive at +20°C on a high nutritive agar plate during one month. This process of preservation is convenient for a marketing of the biosensor. A new pilot has to be built for the in situ validation step ; it would allow a continuous survey of the quality of the industrial wastewaters
Montoya, Estrada Claudia Nohemy. « Erwinia psidii - Eucalyptus spp. : colonization, genetic variability, aggressiveness and immunological test for pathogen detection ». Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2018. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/22171.
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Seca de ponteiros, causada por Erwinia psidii é atualmente uma das doenças emergentes mais severas na cultura do eucalipto. Apesar de sua importância econômica, em virtude dos riscos que pode causar na eucaliptocultura, pouco se sabe sobre este patossistema. Assim, neste trabalho, a partir de cortes histológicos, estudou-se o processo de colonização em plantas de eucalipto usando um isolado de E. psidii transformado com gfp, estimou-se a variabilidade genética das populações do patógeno por meio de marcadores moleculares rep– PCR (ERIC, REP e BOX) e desenvolveu-se um imunoteste para detecção rápida de E. psidii usando colônias puras isoladas de plantas sintomáticas e assintomáticas. Neste estudo, conseguiu-se transformar E. psidii com pGreen-TIR e demonstrar que o plasmídeo é estável na ausência de seleção com antibióticos in vitro e in vivo. Usando microscopia de fluorescência, demonstrou-se que a colonização de E. psidii nos tecidos não está restrita ao ponto de inoculação (axila foliar). E. psidii coloniza os vasos do xilema, esclerênquima e parênquima das folhas e caule do eucalipto. Aos 35 dias após a inoculação (dai), a bactéria encontrava-se a 5 cm acima do ponto de inoculação, indicando que foi capaz de colonizar a planta acropetalmente, acompanhando o fluxo da água e nutrientes. Análises por microscopia confocal de amostras de plantas inoculadas via sistema raicular revelaram que E. psidii penetra e coloniza raízes primárias e secundárias e atinge os vasos do xilema. No entanto, nos tempos após inoculação avaliados neste estudo, a bactéria ficou restrita nas raízes e não atingiou o caule da planta. Estudos adicionais avaliando tempos após inoculação maiores devem ser realizados para confirmar esses resultados. Acredita-se que E. psidii seja disseminada a partir de mudas infectadas assintomáticas. Análises moleculares (rep-PCR) de 101 isolados de E. psidii obtidos de Eucalyptus spp. e cinco isolados de goiabeira (Psidium guajava) indicam que as populações de E. psidii do Brasil apresentam baixa variabilidade genética. Observou-se, contudo, o agrupamento dos isolados por espécie hospedeira, embora dois isolados de goiaba (LPF681 e LPF682) agruparam-se com os de eucalipto (LPF609). Testes de Wilcoxon e ANOVA dos dados de severidade e AACPD para diferentes isolados da bactéria inoculados em dois clones de eucalipto indicaram que há interação isolado × clone. A AACPD e a severidade da doença variaram significativamente entre isolados e nos dois clones testados. A variabilidade em agressividade entre isolados de E. psidii demonstraram a importância do emprego de isolados mais agressivos para a seleção de genótipos de eucalipto resistentes para plantio em escala comercial. O anti-soro contra o isolado LPF534 de E. psidii (Anti-Ep), obtido neste estudo, reagiu positivamente contra todos os isolados de E. psidii testados, incluindo alguns isolados de goiaba. O teste de aglutinação desenvolvido com este anti-soro é importante para o diagnóstico de E. psidii, por representar uma alternativa rápida e de baixo custo, em comparação com métodos baseados em PCR para a detecção do patógeno em plantas assintomáticas.
Dieback, caused by Erwinia psidii is currently one of the most severe emerging diseases in eucalypt plantations. Despite its economic importance, due to the risks posed to eucalypt production, little is known about this pathosystem. In this work, we studied the plant colonization by a gfp-transformed E. psidii isolate using histological sections, estimated the genetic variability of pathogen populations using molecular rep–PCR markers (ERIC, REP and BOX) and developed an immunoassay for the rapid detection of E. psidii in symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. In this study, we were able to transform E. psidii with pGreen-TIR and to demonstrate that the plasmid is stable in the absence of antibiotic selection both in vitro and in vivo. Using fluorescence microscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that tissue colonization by E. psidii is not restricted to the inoculation point (leaf axil) and that it colonizes the xylem vessels, sclerenchyma and parenchyma of the leaves and stem of eucalypt. At 35 days after inoculation (dai), the bacterium was found at 5 cm above the inoculation point, indicating that it was able to colonize the plant acropetally, following the water flow. Confocal microscopy analysis of plant samples inoculated via radicular system revealed that E. psidii penetrates and colonizes primary and secondary roots and reaches the xylem vessels. However, at the times after inoculation evaluated in this study, the bacterium was restricted to the roots and did not reach the stem of the plant. Further studies with longer times after inoculation must be performed to confirm these results. It is believed that E. psidii is disseminated from infected asymptomatic cuttings. Molecular analyzes (rep-PCR) of 101 E. psidii isolates obtained from eucalypt (Eucalyptus spp.) and five guava (Psidium guajava) demonstrated that the populations in Brazil have low genetic variability. Nonetheless, grouping of isolates by host plant was observed, although two guava isolates (LPF681 and LPF682) grouped with eucalypt isolates (LPF609). The Wilcoxon and ANOVA tests on disease severity and AUDPC data indicated an isolate × clone interaction. AUDPC and disease severity varied significantly among isolates and between the two clones tested. The variability in aggressiveness among isolates of E. psidii demonstrated the importance of using the most aggressive isolates in the selection of resistant eucalypt genotypes for commercial scale planting. An antiserum against E. psidii isolate LPF534 (Anti-Ep) obtained in this study reacted positively against all strains of E. psidii tested, including some isolated from guava. The agglutination test designed using this antiserum can be considered important for the diagnosis of E. psidii, as it represents a rapid and low-cost alternative compared to PCR-based methods for detecting the pathogen in asymptomatic plants.
Bernier, Jean-Luc. « Transfert technologique et validation de tests microbiologiques sur un laboratoire mobile conçu pour la surveillance de la qualité de l'eau en régions éloignées ». Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24708/24708.pdf.
Texte intégralDiefenthaeler, Helissara S. « Avaliação da prescrição de antimicrobianos de uso restrito em um hospital universitário de Passo Fundo/RS ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12911.
Texte intégralThe inadequated use of antimicrobials is the determinant fact to the dissemination of the resistance of the bacteria. Many countries have used as a strategy the politics of the restriction to become this use more rational, mainly in the hospitals, where the utilization is more prevalent. Although the empiricist use is the option of the treatment in many clinical conditions, we know that microbiological exams of culture and the test of antimicrobial sensibility (TSA) can conduct to a more rational prescription. To evaluate the adjustment of the prescriptions of antimicrobials in restrict use at São Vicente de Paulo Hospital, in Passo Fundo, and considering the results of the microbiological exams and clinical protocols of the institution, 372 interned patients prescriptions were analyzed. The type of the infection was the unique justify showed to the use of the antimicrobials, being the biggest frequency to the infections in the lower respiratory tract (59.4%), followed by the urinary tract (10.8%). The initial empiricist treatment occurred in 89% of the cases. Within the patients with the empiricist use (331/372), 66.7% showed pneumonia. In this situation, due to the difficulty of the material collecting, the treatment is based in the probable causer agents and the empiricist use is acceptable. The exam of the culture was required in the less of the half prescriptions (48.7%) (181/372) and TSA was executed in the cases of the positive culture (121/181). The results of TSA showed that the initial treatment prescribed was adjusted in 76% of the cases (92/121). The necessity of the changing of the initial therapeutic scheme was identified in 12.7% (23/181) of the cases where the culture and TSA were found. In the others, the doctor opted to not to modify it due to the clinical answer of the patient. According protocols, evaluated prescriptions 71.9% (192/267) showed therapeutic indication according the recommendation. According with the protocols, it was observed a major frequency of adaptation of the prescriptions and of the lab behaviors when it is compared with other studies. These results can be associated with the restriction policies of adopted using for the institution.
Claassen, Mathilda. « In-house genotypic antiretroviral resistance test : optimisation and validation for use in research and diagnostics ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6520.
Texte intégralIt is estimated that 32.8 million people are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) globally with the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy in low- and middle- income counties increasing to more than 5 million people in 2009. These successes are threatened by treatment failure and the development of resistance to treatment. With an estimated 3.7% patients failing first line treatment after 2 years and 17.9% after 4 years on treatment there is a need for a practical and cheap in-house drug resistance assay that can be used to provide drug resistance data to clinicians and to use as a research tool to investigate drug resistance. In this study we attempted to optimize and validate an in-house drug resistance assay, adapted from Jacobs et al, 2008, to be used as a diagnostic tool and to study the presence of antiretroviral resistance in patients on the Western Cape Mother-To-Child-Transmission (MTCT) regimen. Quality control samples were received from The National Institute of Communicable Diseases AIDS Virus Research Unit, The Round Robin HIV-1 genotyping assessment system from the University of Würzburg and the QCMD assessment system were used for the optimization and validation of an in-house drug resistance assay. The ViroSeq™ HIV-1 Genotyping System was used for comparison of sample and mutation detection. It was possible to optimise and validate a genotyping assay for diagnostic testing and research use by comparison with the ViroSeq™ HIV-1 Genotyping System and evaluation with external quality assessment systems. This assay could subsequently be used to determine the development of genotypic-antiretroviral resistance in patients treated according to the provincial prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) protocol in the Western Cape (single dose nevirapine (sd-NVP), combined with a short course Zidovudine (AZT)). Patient samples were collected from pregnant women who took part in the Western Cape PMTCT program and visited the Tygerberg Obstetrics Clinic and Delft Community Hospital. EDTA blood was obtained to measure CD4-cell count, viral load, and to do genotyping for viral subtype and the presence of resistance mutations. Information on prior exposure to antiretroviral therapy was also collected. A detected resistance rate of 17.1% in this predominantly HIV-1 subtype C population is lower than previously recorded when sd-NVP was administered to HIV-1 subtype C positive patients in PMTCT programs. This could indicate that a dual PMTCT regimen including AZT and NVP reduces the risk of resistance to NVP relative to a regimen that uses sd-NVP. The genotyping assay uses four primers to amplify the PR and the RT gene separately to obtain PCR products, of 487 and 804 base pairs respectively for sequencing. The two PCR products were sequenced with three and five primers respectively to sequence the complete PR and approximately 250 amino acids of the RT gene. The sequences generated, thus, are analysed and aligned with the Sequencer V4.7 software to obtain a consensus sequence of approximately 1200 base pairs for analysis of resistance mutations in the protease and reverse transcriptase genes. The developed assay was hence further simplified and improved, by combining the PR and RT assay into one, which was optimised and validated for use in the routine diagnostic setting. The final genotyping assay uses 8 primers for sequencing to obtain a 1200 bp sequence for genotyping that contains the protease and the 5’ of the reverse transcriptase genes in which antiretroviral resistance associated mutations are found. The assay was accredited by SANAS in 2008.
Sous, Arnaud. « Détermination semi-quantitative des endotoxines dans l'eau pour dilution des solutions concentrées pour hémodialyse ». Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P107.
Texte intégralTOSI, LORENZO. « Antibiotico resistenza in S. thermophilus, tratti fenotipici, coniugazione e aggregazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/77.
Texte intégralIn the last decades, the use of antibiotics in human therapy or in animal husbandry as growth promoters has induced the development and the diffusion in antibiotic resistant micro-organisms. In this context antibiotic resistant Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) do not represent a clinical risk in themselves. However, the possibility that S. thermophilus cultures might transfer antibiotic resistance genes to pathogenic species either present in food or in the gastrointestinal tract (including enterococci, streptococci and listeria) represents a potential clinical risk that needs to be carefully evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate by means of phenotypic methods (microdilution, E-test, disc-diffusion) the levels of antibiotic resistance for S. thermophilus and L. plantarum species against the antibiotic tetracycline, erythromycin, clyndamicin, streptomycin, gentamycin and ampicillin. The atypical resistant S. thermophilus strains were subjected to genetic analyses in order to characterise and to localise the antibiotic resistance determinants. Furthermore the ability of the resistant S. thermophilus strains in transferring the antibiotic resistant determinant was assessed in mating experiments using as recipients the Gram-positive bacteria E. faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes. In same resistant S. thermophilus strains, special bacterial fitness related with the presence of the antibiotic resistance determinants in the bacterial hosts were observed and studied.
Pereira, Fernanda Lucília Henriques. « Auditorias internas aos sistemas de segurança alimentar implementados em cantinas universitárias ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1558.
Texte intégralAs cantinas universitárias servem refeições a algumas centenas de estudantes, advindo daí a preocupação acrescida com os níveis de segurança alimentar das refeições produzidas. A realização de auditorias internas permite fazer a avaliação do sistema de segurança alimentar implementado, com vista à identificação de falhas potenciais e introdução das correcções necessárias. Os objectivos deste trabalho foram avaliar se os sistemas de segurança alimentar implementados garantem a inocuidade dos alimentos, verificar se os requisitos da legislação vigente são aplicados nas cantinas universitárias e apontar as correcções necessárias ao sistema. Para tal, foi elaborada uma lista de verificação para apoiar a avaliação dos cinco estabelecimentos e procedeu-se à recolha de zaragatoas nas mãos das cozinheiras para a realização de análises microbiológicas e testes de detecção ATP por bioluminescência aos utensílios. Três cantinas obtiveram uma classificação aceitável (entre 81% e 83%) e duas cantinas obtiveram uma classificação satisfatória (superior a 85%). Os módulos que obtiveram mais requisitos não conformes foram: “instalações sanitárias e vestiários”, “armazenamento a baixas temperaturas” e “zona da distribuição”. As análises microbiológicas às mãos das cozinheiras revelaram que estas têm práticas adequadas de higiene: a contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos a 30 ºC variou entre 0 e 4,8x103 UFC/mão e a contagem de Enterobacteriaceae variou entre 0 e 3,0x10 UFC/mão. O mesmo não se verificou nas análises de detecção de ATP por bioluminescência, em que 40% das tigelas de sopa foram consideradas como tendo uma higienização insatisfatória.
ABSTRACT - Internal Audits for the Food Safety Systems Implemented in University Canteens - University canteens serve meals to hundreds of students, hence the increased concern with the food safety levels of the meals that are produced. Internal audits are performed to evaluate the implemented food safety systems, with a view to identifying potential errors and making the necessary corrections. The objectives of this study were to assess whether the implemented food safety systems ensures food safety, to verify if the requirements of current legislation are applied in university canteens and to make suggestion on the necessary adjustments to the system. To do this, a checklist was created for the evaluation of the five studied establishments, swabs of the hands of the cooks were collected to perform microbiological testing and tests to detect ATP bioluminescence on the tools were performed. Three canteens were rated acceptable (between 81% and 83%) and two canteens were rated satisfactory (above 85%). The modules in which were observed more non-compliant requirements were "toilets and dressing room", "storage at low temperatures" and "distribution area". The microbiological analysis of the hands of the cooks showed that they have a good personal hygiene: the count of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms at 30 °C ranged between 0 and 4.8 x103 CFU/hand and Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged between 0 and 3.0 x10 CFU/hand. The same was not true for the detection of ATP bioluminescence, in which 40% of the soup bowls were found to have a poor hygiene.
Forton, Fabienne. « Le rôle du Demodex dans la rosacée. La rosacée avec papulopustules :une démodécie ». Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/325373.
Texte intégralDemodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are small mites living in the pilosebaceous follicles of all adult humans. They are known to be responsible for demodicosis in humans but in rosacea are generally considered only as a potential aggravating factor of pre-existing inflammation. However, our observations since 1983 converge towards a pathogenic role of the Demodex mite in rosacea, and suggest clear pathophysiological links between rosacea with papulopustules (PPR) with or without persistent erythema, erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR), pityriasis folliculorum and other demodicoses. Summarising our findings: (1) In skin biopsies, Demodex is statistically associated with perifollicular inflammation. (2) The concept of Demodex density was introduced and a method to measure it using two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and refined. (3) It was shown that Demodex density was significantly higher in patients with demodicosis and PPR than in those with healthy skin and with other facial dermatoses; patients with PPR without Demodex proliferation detected are rare, and the few cases that do occur likely correspond to false negative results linked to proliferation of the mites deep in the pilosebaceous follicles, thus not detected by the sampling method. (4) A highly specific and sensitive diagnostic test based on the results from two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies was developed and validated and can be easily used during clinical consultation. (5) Less well-known clinical signs of these dermatoses were highlighted, as well as the high frequency of demodicoses in dermatologic consultations (although they are under-diagnosed). (6) The acaricidal effect of six topical treatments on Demodex was compared in vivo and the best molecules were used for about 20 years in our practice. From data collected from our patients during this time period, the efficacy of the treatment was demonstrated, not only on Demodex density but also on clinical symptoms, both in demodicosis and in PPR, indirectly showing that parasite proliferation is not an epiphenomenon, but is the cause of the disease. (7) Of the treatment modalities compared, those that were more intense worked more rapidly and had better compliance. (8) ETR may correspond to subclinical demodicosis and is probably a condition that favours parasite proliferation, as are sebaceous hyperplasia and hypothyroidism; cortisone seems initially to favour mite proliferation, but to limit it when Demodex density is very high. (9) The similarities and nosological confusion between demodicosis and the different forms of rosacea were highlighted, showing that these dermatoses are probably phenotypes of one and the same disease: they are all demodicoses. (10) Three systems used to attribute disease causality converge to confirm the pathogenic role of Demodex in PPR. Our observations need to be confirmed by longitudinal and controlled studies, but, combined with current data in the literature, they seem sufficient to recognise the pathogenic role of the parasite in human disease and in rosacea in particular. This recognition would enable a mainly aetiological definition to be given to rosacea, would classify it among the demodicoses, and would facilitate its management and treatment. We propose an original pathophysiological hypothesis in which Demodex is at the centre of a causal network, with PPR being considered a chronic infection accompanied by lymphocyte exhaustion.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Guth, Thierry. « Traitements et contrôles bactériologiques des eaux dans l'industrie pharmaceutique ». Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05P068.
Texte intégralSILVA, Andréa Luciana Soares da. « Avaliação do teste ELISA Lactato Desidrogenase Plasmodial (pLDH) como método de triagem de malária em doadores de sangue ». Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4844.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A TTM (Malária Transmitida por Transfusão) ocorre através de qualquer componente de sangue que contenha eritrócitos que possam abrigar parasitas viáveis, porém, casos envolvendo plaquetas, leucócitos e plasma congelado têm sido reportado. As principais causas de relatos de TTM é a presença de baixa parasitemias em pacientes assintomáticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência do ELISA-Malaria Antigen Test, que faz a captura do antígeno pLDH (Lactato Desidrogenase Plasmodial), como método de triagem de malária em doadores de sangue. Para a realização deste estudo selecionamos 1670 amostras das Unidades de Coleta e Transfusão (UCTs) das cidades do interior Estado do Pará: Altamira, Castanhal, Marabá, Santarém e Tucuruí e da capital Belém, sendo que desta tivemos amostras de um outro grupo, os de doadores que estiveram em zonas endêmicas 30 dias antes da doação. As amostras foram coletadas em duas estações (seca e chuva). Observou-se que o ELISA-Malaria Antigen Test é um teste sensível e prático, porém ajustes ainda devem ser feitos no ponto de corte estabelecido pelo fabricante, pois de acordo com a sua faixa só foi possível a detecção de 0,42% de amostras positivas e quando o ponto de corte foi ajustado com amostras do grupo controle, esse número passou para 4,37%. Não foi encontrada diferença sazonal no número de casos positivos e negativos, mas quando analisamos os ΔDO/Cutoff das amostras de todas as cidades, observamos diferenças significativas, o que demonstrou que a cidade de Belém possuía a menor possibilidade de encontro de casos de malária do que nas amostras das cidades de Altamira, Santarém e nas da Zona Endêmica. Os casos de TTM, embora não sejam comuns dentro de áreas não endêmicas, podem ocorrer, pois os doadores implicados em TTM invariavelmente apresentam baixas parasitemia, o que dificulta a detecção dos parasitas pelos métodos disponíveis. Assim, para uma boa triagem de doadores, estratégias efetivas devem ser criadas, incluindo triagens clínico-epidemiológicas, associadas a ferramentas sorológicas eficazes para assegurar a qualidade do sangue disposto à doação.
The TTM (Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria) happens through any component of blood that contains erythrocytes that can shelter viable parasites, even so, cases involving platelets, leukocites and frozen plasma have been reported. The main causes of reports of TTM is the presence of low parasitemias in patients without signs. The objective of this work was, initially, to verify the efficiency of the ELISA-Malaria Antigen Test, that makes the capture of the antigen pLDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase Plasmodial), to be used in the future as malaria screen in donors of blood. For the accomplishment of this study we selected 1670 samples of the Units of Collection and Transfusion (UCTs) of the cities of the interior of Pará: Altamira, Castanhal, Marabá, Santarém, Tucuruí and Belém, and of this last city, capital of the State, we had samples of another group, the one of donors that were in endemic zones 30 days before the donation. All the samples had its collection divided in two periods (dryness and rain). It was observed that ELISA-Malaria Antigen Test is a sensible and practical test, even so, repairs still should be done in the court point established by the maker, because in agreement with its strip it was only possible the detection of 0,42% of positive samples and when the court point was adjusted with samples of the group it controls, that number passed for 4,37%. It was not found seasonal difference in the number of positive and negative cases, but when an analysis was made with ΔDO/Cutoff of the samples of all the cities, we noticed that they presented significant differences in its results, demonstrating that the city of Belém possesses the smallest probability of meeting cases of malaria than in the samples of the cities of Altamira, Santarém and in the one of the Endemic Zone. The cases of TTM although they are not common inside non endemic areas, they can happen, because the donors invariably implied in TTM possess low parasitemias, wich make difficult the detection of the parasites for the available methods. Thus, for a good screen of donors, effective strategies should be created, including clinical-epidemic screens, associated to effective tools serological enough to assure the quality of the blood arranged to the donation.
Lejard, Romuald-Alexis. « Contribution à l'élaboration d'une plateforme miniaturisée de test en routine du pouvoir infectieux d'agents pathogènes : application à Cryptosporidium sp ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10023/document.
Texte intégralThis work focuses on the development of a microfluidic platform (lab on a chip) for the measurement of pathogens infectivity power in water. The main function studied in this manuscript is the concentration of parasites suspended in a liquid. The manipulation of microparticles is based on the use of electrokinetic forces. Numerical analysis in two and three dimensions provides qualitative information. It can also extract the geometric key values of electrodes used for the concentration of the microparticles. These theoretical results are confirmed experimentally using two devices containing a wide variety of concentrators. From the theoretical and experimental results, we design an optimized concentrator. It is integrated in a system allowing droplet motion by electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). This system is used in three modes: concentrator, extractor and separator. Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts are used for the characterization of the device. Preliminary results of cell culture on surfaces functionalized at scale of hundreds of microns allow to consider the development of a complete microfluidic platform for infectivity analysis of pathogenic agent such as Cryptosporidium
Lima, Gerson Silva de. « Padroniza??o de um Teste de Soroaglutina??o Macrosc?pica para Diagn?stico da Leptospirose em Su?nos ». Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/871.
Texte intégralLeptospirosis is considered a global health problem in human and veterinary medicine. It is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira, prevalent on every continent. The development of an effective macroscopic serum agglutination test against leptospirosis is justified, since the available ones are expensive, cumbersome and restricted to specialized laboratories. In Brazil, leptospirosis in pigs has been a major cause of reproductive failure in several states, mainly in the south and southeast regions of the country. Among the animals used in production of rural ecosystems, pigs have the most frequent clinical manifestations in the reproductive sphere with abortions, usually in the final third of pregnancy. Infertility, sterility or birth of debilitated or dead pigs which dies in the first days of life are signs of the presence of the bacteria in the breeding matrix. In the present study, six suspensions formulations of antigenic serovars pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae and copenhageni were used in single suspension form or in two serovars combinations. These were tested against pig serum with no clinical suspicion of leptospirosis compared with the microscopic agglutination test that is accepted as the gold standard by the World Health Organization (WHO). Among the six proposed suspensions the combination of serovars pomona + icterohaemorrhagiae showed the best result. The results demonstrates a percentage of 89% sensitivity and specificity of 89% for the suspension with the serovars combination of pomona + icterohaemorrhagiae and 87% for positive predictive value and 90% negative predictive value for the same combination, demonstrated by the statistics methods such as Chi-square, Kappa and Linear Logistic Model. Given the importance of leptospirosis in pigs and economic impact that it causes worldwide, in addition to the lack of current information, this study aimed to develop a screening rapid test for the diagnosis of pigs kept in variable dimension farms from rural regions of the Rio de Janeiro state.
A leptospirose ? considerada um problema global de sa?de na ?rea humana e veterin?ria. ? uma zoonose causada por bact?rias do g?nero Leptospira, prevalente em todos os continentes. O desenvolvimento de um teste de soro aglutina??o macrosc?pica eficaz contra a leptospirose se justifica, j? que os existentes s?o caros, trabalhosos e restritos a laborat?rios especializados. No Brasil, a leptospirose em su?nos tem sido uma das principais causas de falhas reprodutivas em v?rios estados, principalmente nas regi?es sul e sudeste do pa?s. Dentre os animais de produ??o explorados em ecossistemas rurais os su?nos apresentam as manifesta??es cl?nicas mais freq?entes na esfera reprodutiva com abortamentos, usualmente no ter?o final da gesta??o. A infertilidade, a esterilidade o nascimento de leit?es debilitados que morrem nos primeiros dias de vida s?o sinais da presen?a da bact?ria nas matrizes reprodutoras. No presente estudo, utilizou-se seis formula??es de suspens?es antig?nicas dos sorovares pomona, icterohaemorrhagiae e copenhageni em forma de suspens?o ?nica ou em combina??es de dois sorovares. Foram testadas frente a soros de su?nos sem suspeita cl?nica de leptospirose comparando com a soroaglutina??o microsc?pica que ? o teste aceito como padr?o ouro pela Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de (OMS). Dentre as seis suspens?es propostas a combina??o dos sorovares pomona + icterohaemorrhagiae apresentou o melhor resultado. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram um percentual de 89% de sensibilidade e 89% de especificidade para a suspens?o com a combina??o dos sorovares pomona + icterohaemorrhagiae e de 87% de valor preditivo positivo e 90% de valor preditivo negativo para a mesma combina??o, comprovado pelos m?todos estat?sticos Qui-quadrado, Kappa e Modelo Linear Log?stico. Dada ? import?ncia da leptospirose em su?nos e o impacto econ?mico que causa mundialmente, al?m da car?ncia de informa??es atuais, este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um teste r?pido de triagem para diagn?stico em su?nos mantidos em cria??es rurais de diferentes regi?es e tamanhos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
Fiorentino, Flávia Angélica Másquio [UNESP]. « Desenvolvimento e controle de qualidade de formulação cosmética contendo digluconato de clorexidina ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91688.
Texte intégralCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os sabonetes são preparações destinadas à higiene e conhecidos há mais de 4000 anos. São constituídos por sais de ácidos graxos com propriedades detergentes, resultantes da saponificação entre ácidos graxos superiores e seus glicerídeos à custa de um material alcalino. Podem ser incorporados com diversas substâncias que possuem algum efeito terapêutico ou preventivo sobre a pele, por facilitarem o contato de tais substâncias com o tecido alvo. Porém, isto nem sempre é possível. Por tratar-se de um tensoativo aniônico carboxilado e ter elevada alcalinidade, muitos dos materiais ou ativos a serem incorporados a este tipo de preparação podem apresentar instabilidade. Com o advento dos detergentes sintéticos tal situação pode ser contornada, e apesar de constituírem-se também em tensoativos aniônicos, e por terem origem em ácidos fortes, permitem o preparo de sabonetes líquidos não alcalinos e apresentam maior compatibilidade frente a diversos ativos. Entre as diversas possibilidades de ativos, os agentes antimicrobianos, merecem atenção especial, uma vez que encontra nos sabonetes um excelente veículo para desempenhar sua função na assepsia da pele. A clorexidina é um anti-séptico de amplo espectro de ação, sendo ativo frente a bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas, fungos, leveduras e vírus. Atua sobre a membrana celular causando perda de material intracelular, tais como ácido nucléico e potássio, inibição respiratória e coagulação citoplasmática. Pode apresentar-se na forma de diversos sais como acetato, cloridrato, gluconato e digluconato. Neste trabalho foram estudadas formulações contendo solução de digluconato de clorexidina. A solução amostra utilizada para preparação dos sabonetes foi avaliada quanto a alguns parâmetros como pH, densidade relativa, ponto de fusão, cromatografia em camada delgada, espectroscopia...
The soaps are preparation for hygiene and they are well known for 4000 years ago. They are constituited by salts of fatty acids with detergent properties, resulting from saponification of fatty acids superiorities and glycerides using an alkaline material. They may be incorporated with several substances that have a preventive or therapeutic effect on the skin, by facilitating the contact of such substances with the target tissue. However, this is not always possible. The soaps are anionic surfactant and carboxylic and they have high alkalinity, many of the materials or activities to be incorporated into this type of preparation may be instable. With the advent of synthetic detergents such situation can be avoided, and despite of they be also anionic surfactants, and are based on strong acids, allow the preparation of liquid soaps and alkali not have greater compatibility front of several assets. Among the various possibilities of active, antimicrobial agents deserve special attention, since the soap is an excellent vehicle to perform its function in the asepsis of the skin. The chlorhexidine is an antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Chlorhexidine is an excellent antiseptic of wide spectrum of action, being active against the bacteria Gram-positive and Gram-negative, fungi, yeasts and viruses. Acts on the cell membrane causing loss of intracellular material, such as nucleic acid and potassium, respiration inhibition and cytoplasmic coagulation. The salts of chlorhexidine can be acetate, hydrochloride, gluconate and digluconate. In this work formulation were studied with solution of chlorhexidine digluconate. The sample solution employed to prepare the liquid soaps was evaluated for some parameters such as pH, relative density, melting point, thin-layer chromatography... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Menezes, Adriana Araujo Reis. « Fungos em bibliotecas : frequência dos gêneros em livros e elaboração de teste para avaliação da biorreceptividade em papéis ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42132/tde-21102009-163833/.
Texte intégralLibraries are very propitious environments for the growth of fungi. The great concentration of organic material available for these microorganisms, and often the lack of adequate ventilation or climate control, favors this situation. The main aim of this study is to develop a test to detect fungal growth bioreceptivity in papers used in books. Firstly, fungi genera where sampled in the summer and winter in six libraries of University of São Paulo, three with artificial acclimatization and three without. There was no difference in number between the libraries with and without artificial acclimatization but the diversity was higher in the winter than in the summer. Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma and Chaetomium where inoculated in papers and tested in chambers with 95% and 100% of relative humidity, at 25°C for 30 days. The fungal growth was evaluated, as well the color alteration. The conclusion based on the tests is that the highest growth occurred with Cladosporium, with 106 cel/mL concentration and relative humidity of 100%.
Araújo, Michel Mozeika. « Aplicação do método microbiológico DEFT/APC e do Teste do Cometa na detecção do tratamento com radiação ionizante de hortaliças minimamente processadas ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-21092009-165505/.
Texte intégralMarketing of minimally processed vegetables (MPV) are gaining impetus due to its convenience, freshness and apparent healthy. However, minimal processing does not reduce pathogenic microorganisms to safe levels. Food irradiation is used to extend the shelf life and inactivation of food-borne pathogens. Its combination with minimal processing could improve the safety and quality of MPV. Two different food irradiation detection methods, a biological, the DEFT/APC, and another biochemical, the DNA Comet Assay were applied to MPV in order to test its applicability to detect irradiation treatment. DEFT/APC is a microbiological screening method based on the use of the direct epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) and the aerobic plate count (APC). DNA Comet Assay detects DNA damage due to ionizing radiation. Samples of lettuce, chard, watercress, dandelion, kale, chicory, spinach, cabbage from retail market were irradiated 0.5kGy and 1.0kGy using a 60Co facility. Irradiation treatment guaranteed at least 2 log cycle reduction for aerobic and psychrotroph microorganisms. In general, with increasing radiation doses, DEFT counts remained similar independent of irradiation processing while APC counts decreased gradually. The difference of the two counts gradually increased with dose increment in all samples. It could be suggested that a DEFT/APC difference over 2.0 log would be a criteria to judge if a MPV was treated by irradiation. DNA Comet Assay allowed distinguishing non-irradiated samples from irradiated ones, which showed different types of comets owing to DNA fragmentation. Both DEFT/APC method and DNA Comet Assay would be satisfactorily used as a screening method for indicating irradiation processing.
Zéglany, Jean-Marc. « Evaluation et mise en place du test d'amplification moléculaire TDM (amplification directe de Mycodbacterium (tuberculosis (Gen Probe, San Diego, USA) dans le diagnostic de la tuberculose au laboratoire de microbiologie de l'Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse [de Lyon] ». Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO1P206.
Texte intégralDelgado, Sureda Eulàlia. « Avaluació de la genotoxicitat en el medi terrestre : utilització de l'electroforesi de cèl·lules individuals en gels d'agarosa (Comet test, o SCGE) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/774.
Texte intégralUn altre estudi es va centrar en l'avaluació de la contaminació de tipus genotòxic en mostres de sòl de Doñana, recollides l'any 2000 en diferents zones afectades pel vessament tòxic de l'accident de les mines d'Aznalcóllar de l'abril del 1998. Es van exposar varis exemplars d'Allolobophora caliginosa a les diverses mostres de sòl, i es va dur a terme el SCGE en celomòcits. Al mateix temps es van comparar els resultats obtinguts pel SCGE amb la concentració de metalls pesants mesurada en les mostres de sòl. Les mostres contaminades pel vessament tòxic i les mostres de referència de la mateixa zona (suposadament no afectades pel vessament) indiquen valors superiors amb el "Comet test" als de les mostres control.
Una part molt important del treball realitzat es va basar en aspectes tècnics de l'assaig del cometa ("Comet test"), per poder conèixer una mica més el seu funcionament a nivell fisiològic i molecular. Així es van realitzar diversos estudis "in vitro" i "in vivo" per veure la possible interferència de la divisió cel·lular en els resultats del SCGE. Altres proves han estat dirigides a veure la relació que pot existir entre els resultats del SCGE i els estats d'apoptosi i necrosi de les cèl·lules, els quals podrien causar una interferència (de tipus citotòxic) en els resultats de l'assaig.
Un altre estudi està centrat en el seguiment de la cinètica de reparació. A determinades dosis d'una substància genotòxica (òxid d'estirè) a les que es podia observar un nivell de dany al DNA (mesurat amb el "Comet test"), al cap d'un determinat temps es podia veure una disminució d'aquest dany, atribuïble a la reparació, tant en experiments "in vivo" com "in vitro". La incubació de les mostres amb l'enzim de reparació Endonucleasa III permetia augmentar la sensibilitat del test, detectant lesions de tipus oxidatiu, i d'altres, a més de les normalment detectades amb el "Comet test" sense l'ús d'aquests enzims. En aquests experiments es va poder detectar la dosi/dependència de l'efecte genotòxic de l'òxid d'estirè.
DE, MONTIS ANTONELLA. « Development and evaluation of a new biochip Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) multi-target for cervical cancer screening ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266785.
Texte intégralAgnememel, Alain. « Développement de tests rapides pour le diagnostic des méningites bactériennes aiguës : étude de l’émergence du sérogroupe X ». Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC099.
Texte intégralThe emergence of meningitis X due to Neisseria meningitidis (NmX) occurred in sub-Saharan Africa in 2006. However, NmX isolates were detected since the 1990s. Our objective was to undertake genomic studies to understand the emergence and also develop tools for improving epidemiological surveillance of meningitis X. We sequenced the whole genomes of NmX isolates from countries in sub-Saharan Africa and showed that emergence is due to the expansion of a particular genotype in clonal complex (CC) 181. These Africans isolates are more virulent in a transgenic mouse model compared to NmX isolates from France. Then we have developed and evaluated a new rapid diagnostic test (RDT) to detect the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of NmX (cpsX). Whole bacteria NmX inactivated and conjugated cpsX were used to produce antibodies that were used to develop a rapid test (RDT) in immunochromatography strip to detect serogroup X. This TDR was been evaluated on a collection of 369 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained from several sites (Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Niger and France). A PCR assay was used as reference. TDR was specific for NmX strains with a detection limit of 105 CFU / ml and 1 ng / ml for purified cpsX. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 94% for the 369 tested CSF; and positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 98% respectively with a high agreement between the reference test (PCR) and TDR (kappa 0. 98)