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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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Gladston, Angelin, H. Khanna Nehemiah, P. Narayanasamy et A. Kannan. « Test Case Selection Using Feature Extraction and Clustering ». International Journal of Knowledge-Based Organizations 8, no 2 (avril 2018) : 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkbo.2018040102.
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This article explains the selection of important parameters from an execution pattern which brings out the details of the application of test cases. Hence, execution profiles are captured and a new execution profile-based clustering approach is chosen for test case selection, which uses three new features. These are Function frequency, Branches taken and Block percentage. The test cases are clustered using the extracted features. The experiments show that the proposed FBB selects smaller size of more relevant test cases which are more fault revealing compared to the existing Function Call Profile approach.
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de Souza, Luciano S., Ricardo B. C. Prudêncio, Flavia de A. Barros et Eduardo H. da S. Aranha. « Search based constrained test case selection using execution effort ». Expert Systems with Applications 40, no 12 (septembre 2013) : 4887–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.02.018.
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Böhmer, Kristof, et Stefanie Rinderle-Ma. « Automatic Business Process Test Case Selection : Coverage Metrics, Algorithms, and Performance Optimizations ». International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 25, no 04 (décembre 2016) : 1740002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843017400020.
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Business processes describe and implement the business logic of companies, control human interaction, and invoke heterogeneous services during runtime. Therefore, ensuring the correct execution of processes is crucial. Existing work is addressing this challenge through process verification. However, the highly dynamic aspects of the current processes and the deep integration and frequent invocation of third party services limit the use of static verification approaches. Today, one frequently utilized approach to address this limitation is to apply process tests. However, the complexity of process models is steadily increasing. So, more and more test cases are required to assure process model correctness and stability during design and maintenance. But executing hundreds or even thousands of process model test cases lead to excessive test suite execution times and, therefore, high costs. Hence, this paper presents novel coverage metrics along with a genetic test case selection algorithm. Both enable the incorporation of user-driven test case selection requirements and the integration of different knowledge sources. In addition, techniques for test case selection computation performance optimization are provided and evaluated. The effectiveness of the presented genetic test case selection algorithm is evaluated against five alternative test case selection algorithms.
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Xiao, Lei, Huaikou Miao et Ying Zhong. « Test case prioritization and selection technique in continuous integration development environments : a case study ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, no 2.28 (16 mai 2018) : 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.28.13207.
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Regression testing is a very important activity in continuous integration development environments. Software engineers frequently integrate new or changed code that involves in a new regression testing. Furthermore, regression testing in continuous integration development environments is together with tight time constraints. It is also impossible to re-run all the test cases in regression testing. Test case prioritization and selection technique are often used to render continuous integration processes more cost-effective. According to multi objective optimization, we present a test case prioritization and selection technique, TCPSCI, to satisfy time constraints and achieve testing goals in continuous integration development environments. Based on historical failure data, testing coverage code size and testing execution time, we order and select test cases. The test cases of the maximize code coverage, the shorter execution time and revealing the latest faults have the higher priority in the same change request. The case study results show that using TCPSCI has a higher cost-effectiveness comparing to the manually prioritization.
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P Mahapatra, R., Aparna Ranjith et A. Kulothungan. « Framework for Optimizing Test Cases in Regression Testing ». International Journal of Engineering & ; Technology 7, no 3.12 (20 juillet 2018) : 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.16126.
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Software once developed is subject to continuous changes. Software Regression Testing thus can be used to reduce the efforts of testing the software by selecting only the required number of test cases and ordering them to test the software after changes have been made to it. In order to improve the fault detection rate, the selection of efficient test cases and order of execution of these tests is important. Here is when the test case selection comes into picture where in, the fault detection rate during the working of any software has to be improved. The test case selection process will find the most efficient test cases which can fully functionally test the software that has been modified. This indeed will contribute to an improved fault detection rate which can provide faster feedback on the system under test and let software engineers begin correcting faults as early as possible. In this paper, an approach for test case selection is proposed which takes into consideration the effect of three parameters History, Coverage and Requirement all together in order to improve the selection process. This will also ensure that the rejection of some efficient test cases is reduced when compared to the selection process in conventional methods, most of them making use of a single parameter for test case selection. These Test cases are further optimized using Genetic Algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed technique is much more efficient in terms of selecting the test cases when compared to conventional techniques, thereby improving fault detection rate.
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Liu, Yu Lin, Yan Wang et Jian Tao Zhou. « Design and Implementation of Test Case Selection Based on Map Reduce ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 654 (octobre 2014) : 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.654.378.
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In the traditional software testing, a large collection of test cases of the tested system automatically generated , in the process of actual execution, all of the test cases are executed is not possible. Normally, we test a certain function of the tested system, so choosing the test cases about a certain function is very important. This paper focuses on solving the problem of choosing test cases about a certain function of the tested system based on CPN model, the method which is based on purpose is used in this process. In the process of test cases selection, there are a whole lot of repeated calculation and operation, this characteristic just can make it combined with the parallel advantage of cloud computing. In summary, this dissertation focus on the test cases selection problem, using MapReduce programming on Hadoop platform, a test case selection tool is designed to improve the efficiency and service capabilities of test selection, the result of the experiment is consistent with the expected result.
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Et.al, Chetan J. Shingadiya. « Genetic Algorithm for Test Suite Optimization : An Experimental Investigation of Different Selection Methods ». Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no 3 (10 avril 2021) : 3778–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.1661.
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Software Testing is an important aspect of the real time software development process. Software testing always assures the quality of software product. As associated with software testing, there are few very important issues where there is a need to pay attention on it in the process of software development test. These issues are generation of effective test case and test suite as well as optimization of test case and suite while doing testing of software product. The important issue is that testing time of the test case and test suite. It is very much important that after development of software product effective testing should be performed. So to overcome these issues of optimization, we have proposed new approach for test suite optimization using genetic algorithm (GA). Genetic algorithm is evolutionary in nature so it is often used for optimization of problem by researcher. In this paper, our aim is to study various selections methods like tournament selection, rank selection and roulette wheel selection and then we apply this genetic algorithm (GA) on various programs which will generate optimized test suite with parameters like fitness value of test case, test suite and take minimum amount of time for execution after certain preset generation. In this paper our main objectives as per the experimental investigation, we show that tournament selection works very fine as compared to other methods with respect fitness selection of test case and test suites, testing time of test case and test suites as well as number of requirements.
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Peng, She Qiang, et Ze Yi Tian. « Design and Realization of IE Vulnerabilities Mining Based on Fuzz Testing ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (septembre 2014) : 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.2032.
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In order to detect Internet Explorer browser vulnerabilities, the miner distributed with test method based on the DOM tree are designed and implemented, it also implemented dynamic selection of the test case execution, experiment results found 50 IE vulnerabilities.
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CHEN, ZHENYU, YONGWEI DUAN, ZHIHONG ZHAO, BAOWEN XU et JU QIAN. « USING PROGRAM SLICING TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF CLUSTER TEST SELECTION ». International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 21, no 06 (septembre 2011) : 759–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194011005487.
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Cluster test selection is a new successful approach to select a subset of the existing test suite in regression testing. In this paper, program slicing is introduced to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of cluster test selection techniques. A static slice is computed on the modified code. The execution profile of each test case is filtered by the program slice to highlight the parts of software affected by modification, called slice filtering. The slice filtering reduces the data dimensions for cluster analysis, such that the cost of cluster test selection is saved dramatically. The experiment results show that the slice filtering techniques could reduce the cost of cluster test selection significantly and could also improve the effectiveness of cluster test selection modestly. Therefore, cluster test selection by filtering has more potential scalability to deal with large software.
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Ping, Z., W. Yueyong, D. Fangjing et G. Xin. « Research on design method of human resource system test case in construction enterprise ». IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no 1 (1 avril 2022) : 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012029.
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Abstract In the process of human resource system test design in construction enterprises, various test design methods are often used, such as equivalence class division, boundary value analysis, causal graph, error inference and so on. How to choose the correct test design method is related to the rationality of test case design and high efficiency of test execution. Therefore, the selection of appropriate test design method plays a vital role in use case design. In this paper, the basic use of equivalence class partition and boundary value analysis and their relationship are briefly described. It is hoped that it can be used for reference in the study of human resource system test cases in construction enterprises.
Thèses sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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Bogren, Patrik, et Isak Kristola. « Exploring the use of call stack depth limits to reduce regression testing costs ». Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43166.
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Regression testing is performed after existing source code has been modified to verify that no new faults have been introduced by the changes. Test case selection can be used to reduce the effort of regression testing by selecting a smaller subset of the test suite for later execution. Several criteria and objectives can be used as constraints that should be satisfied by the selection process. One common criteria is function coverage, which can be represented by a coverage matrix that maps test cases to methods under test. The process of generating and evaluating these matrices can be very time consuming for large matrices since their complexity increases exponentially with the number of tests included. To the best of our knowledge, no techniques for reducing execution matrix size have been proposed. This thesis develops a matrix-reduction technique based on analysis of call stack data. It studies the effects of limiting the call stack depth in terms of coverage accuracy, matrix size, and generation costs. Further, it uses a tool that can instrument Java projects using Java’s instrumentation API to collect coverage information on open-source Java projects for varying depth limits of the call stack. Our results show that the stack depth limit can be significantly reduced while retaining high coverage and that matrix size can be decreased by up to 50%. The metric we used to indicate the difficulty of splitting up the matrix closely resembled the curve for coverage. However, we did not see any significant differences in execution time for lower depth limits.
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Ying, PuLe, et LingZhi Fan. « Methods For Test Case Prioritization Based On Test Case Execution History ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14785.
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Motivation: Test case prioritization can prioritize test cases, optimize the test execution, save time and cost. There are many different methods for test case prioritization, test case prioritization method based on test case execution history is one kind of them. Based on the test case execution history, it’s easier to increase the rate of fault detection, hence we want to do a study about test case prioritization methods based on the test case execution history. Meanwhile, executing the feasible methods to compare the effectiveness of them. For the motivation of the thesis may be regarded as an example for experiencing approach for comparing test case prioritizations based on test case execution history, or as a study case for identifying the suitable methods to use and help improve the effectiveness of the testing process. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to look for a suitable test case prioritization method that can support risk based testing, in which test case execution history is employed as the key criterion of evaluation. For this research, there are three main objectives. First, explore and summarize methods of test case prioritization based on test case history. Next, identify what are differences among the test case prioritization methods. Finally, execute the methods which we selected, and compare the effectiveness of methods. Methods: To achieve the first and the second study objectives, a systematic literature review has been conducted using Kitchenham guidelines. To achieve the third study objective, an experiment was conducted following Wohlin guidelines. Results: In our thesis: 1) We conducted a systematic literature review and selected 15 relevant literatures. We extracted data of the literatures and then we synthesized the data. We found that the methods have different kinds of inputs, test levels, maturity levels, validation and "automated testing or manual testing". 2) We selected two feasible methods from those 15 literatures, Method 1 is Adaptive test-case prioritization and Method 2 is Similarity-based test quality metric. We executed the methods within 17 test suites. Comparing the result of two methods and non-prioritization, the mean Average Percentage of Defects Found (APFD) of Adaptive test-case prioritization execution result (86.9%) is significantly higher than non-prioritization (51.5%) and Similarity-based test quality metric (47.5%), it means that the Adaptive test-case prioritization has higher effectiveness. Conclusion: In our thesis, existing test case prioritization methods based on test case execution history are extracted and listed out through systematic literature review. The summary of them and the description of differences can be available in the thesis. The 15 relevant literatures and the synthesized data may be as a guideline for relevant software researchers or testers. We did the statistical test for the experimental result, we can see two different test case prioritization methods have different effectiveness.
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Zhan, Zhiyan. « Automated test case selection ». Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10209.
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In this thesis, we present an automatic test case selection system, which aims at selecting test cases for both control and data flow oriented testing. In our system, path expressions are employed, path expression generation and complete path selection algorithms are used to achieve the automation of path selection, and problems with loop iterations are addressed. Partial symbolic execution is applied to reduce the effort wasted in analyzing infeasible paths. Linear programing, path predicate simplification, and path predicate evaluation techniques are employed to solve the inequalities resulted from partial symbolic execution as well as symbolic execution. Our system is also capable of selecting different sets of test cases by applying different test selection criteria to achieve different test coverage which serve different test purposes. In our system, first a flowgraph modeling both control and data flow information contained in the program under test is constructed. Second, by applying a control or data flow oriented test selection criterion to this flowgraph, a set of test units is built. Finally, through path expression generation, partial symbolic execution, symbolic execution. predicate simplification/evaluation, and linear programming, a set of test cases is selected examples produced by ETSG are provided.
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Yadavalli, Tejaswy. « An industrial case study to improve test case execution time ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20889.
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Lindholm, David. « Economics of Test Automation : Test case selection for automation ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Programvara och system, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-154941.
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In this thesis a method for selecting test cases for test automation is developed and evaluated. Existing methods from the literature has been reviewed and modified resulting in the proposed method, a decision tree containing 23 factors grouped into 8 decision points. The decision tree has been used and evaluated in an industrial setting. The economic benefits were calculated with return on investment and the organisational benefits were measured in a survey at a software producing company. The result was that automated tests, selected with the decision tree, provided economic benefits after 0.5 to 4 years, these tests were also found leading to 3 organisational benefits: less human effort when testing, reduction in cost and allowing for shorter release cycles.
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Höstklint, Niklas, et Jesper Larsson. « Dynamic Test Case Selection using Machine Learning ». Thesis, KTH, Hälsoinformatik och logistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296634.
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Testing code is a vital part at any software producing company, to ensure no faulty code slips through that could have detrimental consequences. At Ericsson, testing code before publishing is a very costly process which can take several hours. Currently, every single test is run for all submitted code. This report aims to address the issue by building a machine learning model that determines which tests need to be run, so that unnecessary tests are left out, saving time and resources. It is however important to find the failures, as having certain failures pass through into production could have all types of economic, environmental and social consequences. The result shows that there is great potential in several different types of models. A Linear Regression model found 92% of all failures within running 25% of all test categories. The linear model however plateaus before finding the final failures. If finding 100% of failures is essential, a Support Vector Regression model proved the most efficient as it was the only model to find 100% of failures within 90% of test categories being run.Testning av kod är en avgörande del för alla mjukvaruproducerande företag, för att säkerställa att ingen felaktig kod som kan ha skadlig påverkan publiceras. Hos Ericsson är testning av kod innan det ska publiceras en väldigt dyr process som kan ta flera timmar. Vid tiden denna rapport skrivs så körs varenda test för all inlämnad kod. Denna rapport har som mål att lösa/reducera problemet genom att bygga en modell med maskininlärning som avgör vilka tester som ska köras, så onödiga tester lämnas utanför vilket i sin tur sparar tid och resurser. Dock är det viktigt att hitta alla misslyckade tester, eftersom att tillåta dessa passera till produktionen kan innebära alla möjliga olika ekonomiska, miljömässiga och sociala konsekvenser. Resultaten visar att det finns stor potential i flera olika typer av modeller. En linjär regressionsmodell hittade 92% av alla fel inom att 25% av alla test kategorier körts. Den linjära modellen träffar dock en platå innan den hittar de sista felen. Om det är essentiellt att hitta 100% av felen, så visade sig en support vector regressionsmodell vara mest effektiv, då den var den enda modellen som lyckades hitta 100% av alla fel inom att 90% alla test kategorier hade körts.
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Normann, Filip. « Test Case Selection Based on Code Changes ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-397290.
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As a software project grows, continuous integration (CI) requiresmore and more resources and the lag for the developer to get feedbackfrom a code commit gets larger and larger. This thesis is aboutresearching and implementing a way to reduce the end to end time ofthe CI flow for an Ericsson inhouse product by reducing the time torun regression tests. The inhouse product is a large Java frameworkfor testing radio equipment. Research was done to figure out how toimplement test case selection for the project. The research wasconcluded with the decision to make a test case selection algorithmwritten in Groovy. Leveraging code dependencies and the delta betweenthe committed code and its parent commit. The designed solution showsthe potential to reduce time and resources spent testing committedcode. Saving both computing power and reducing time for test resultfeedback to get back to developers, increasing productivity for thedevelopment team.
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Bester, Willem Hendrik Karel. « Bug-finding and test case generation for java programs by symbolic execution ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85832.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation we present a software tool, Artemis, that symbolically executes Java virtual machine bytecode to find bugs and automatically generate test cases to trigger the bugs found. Symbolic execution is a technique of static software analysis that entails analysing code over symbolic inputs—essentially, classes of inputs—where each class is formulated as constraints over some input domain. The analysis then proceeds in a path-sensitive way adding the constraints resulting from a symbolic choice at a program branch to a path condition, and branching non-deterministically over the path condition. When a possible error state is reached, the path condition can be solved, and if soluble, value assignments retrieved to be used to generate explicit test cases in a unit testing framework. This last step enhances confidence that bugs are real, because testing is forced through normal language semantics, which could prevent certain states from being reached. We illustrate and evaluate Artemis on a number of examples with known errors, as well as on a large, complex code base. A preliminary version of this work was successfully presented at the SAICSIT conference held on 1–3 October 2012, in Centurion, South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die dissertasie bied ons ’n stuk sagtewaregereedskap, Artemis, aan wat biskode van die Java virtuele masjien simbolies uitvoer om foute op te spoor en toetsgevalle outomaties voort te bring om die foute te ontketen. Simboliese uitvoering is ’n tegniek van statiese sagteware-analise wat behels dat kode oor simboliese toevoere—in wese, klasse van toevoer—geanaliseer word, waar elke klas geformuleer word as beperkinge oor ’n domein. Die analise volg dan ’n pad-sensitiewe benadering deur die domeinbeperkinge, wat volg uit ’n simboliese keuse by ’n programvertakking, tot ’n padvoorwaarde by te voeg en dan nie-deterministies vertakkings oor die padvoorwaarde te volg. Wanneer ’n moontlike fouttoestand bereik word, kan die padvoorwaarde opgelos word, en indien dit oplaasbaar is, kan waardetoekennings verkry word om eksplisiete toetsgevalle in ’n eenheidstoetsingsraamwerk te formuleer. Die laaste stap verhoog vertroue dat die foute gevind werklik is, want toetsing word deur die normale semantiek van die taal geforseer, wat sekere toestande onbereikbaar maak. Ons illustreer en evalueer Artemis met ’n aantal voorbeelde waar die foute bekend is, asook op ’n groot, komplekse versameling kode. ’n Voorlopige weergawe van die´ werk is suksesvol by die SAICSIT-konferensie, wat van 1 tot 3 Oktober 2012 in Centurion, Suid-Afrika, gehou is, aangebied.
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Drincic, Samir, et Asim Dedic. « Evolving test-case selection at a large scale company ». Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för programvarusystem, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1364.
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This paper presents a possible solution for selection of test-cases that should be executed to provide good coverage and quality at UIQ Technologies. It describes how the company can sort and prioritize their test-cases, so that quality is maintained while having controlled amount of test-cases. The idea behind the proposed method is to prioritize the test-cases and execute those that received highest prioritization first and thereby ensuring that all high-risk defects are found first. We have created a model that performs those tasks and we have also executed it on an ongoing project at UIQ Technology to provide data for comparison with the currently used model. We also make a comparison proving that our proposed method is more effective then the current method. We have emphasized adaptability and changeability of the model so that UIQ Technology easily can modify and adapt the model later on.
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Morrison, George Campbell. « Automated coverage calculation and test case generation ». Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20041.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research combines symbolic execution, a formal method of static analysis, with various test adequacy criteria, to explore the e ectiveness of using symbolic execution for calculating code coverage on a program's existing JUnit test suites. Code coverage is measured with a number of test adequacy criteria, including statement coverage, branch coverage, condition coverage, method coverage, class coverage, and loop coverage. The results of the code coverage calculation is then used to automatically generate JUnit test cases for areas of a program that are not su ciently covered. The level of redundancy of each test case is also calculated during coverage calculation, thereby identifying fully redundant, and partially redundant, test cases. The combination of symbolic execution and code coverage calculation is extended to perform coverage calculation during a manual execution of a program, allowing testers to measure the e ectiveness of manual testing. This is implemented as an Eclipse plug-in, named ATCO, which attempts to take advantage of the Eclipse workspace and extensible user interface environment to improve usability of the tool by minimizing the user interaction required to use the tool. The code coverage calculation process uses constraint solving to determine method parameter values to reach speci c areas in the program. Constraint solving is an expensive computation, so the tool was parallellised using Java's Concurrency package, to reduce the overall execution time of the tool.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing kombineer simboliese uitvoering, 'n formele metode van statiese analise, met verskeie toets genoegsaamheid kriteria, om die e ektiwiteit van die gebruik van simboliese uitvoer te ondersoek vir die berekening van kode dekking op 'n program se bestaande JUnit toets stelle. Kode dekking word gemeet deur verskeie toets genoegsaamheid kriteria, insluited stelling dekking, tak dekking, kondisie dekking, metode dekking, klas dekking, en lus dekking. Die resultate van die kode dekking berekeninge word dan gebruik om outomaties JUnit toets voorbeelde te genereer vir areas van 'n program wat nie doeltre end ondersoek word nie. Die vlak van oortolligheid van elke toets voorbeeld word ook bereken gedurende die dekkingsberekening, en daardeur word volledig oortollige, en gedeeltelik oortollige, toets voorbeelde identi seer. Die kombinasie van simboliese uitvoer en kode dekking berekening is uitgebrei deur die uitvoer van dekking berekeninge van 'n gebruiker-beheerde uitvoer, om sodoende kode dekking van 'n gebruiker-beheerde uitvoer van 'n program te meet. Dit laat toetsers toe om die e ektiwiteit van hulle beheerde uitvoer te meet. Bogenoemde word ge mplimenteer as 'n Eclipse aanvoegsel, genaamd ATCO, wat poog om voordeel te trek vanuit die Eclipse werkspasie, en die uitbreibare gebruiker oordrag omgewing, om die bruikbaarheid van ATCO te verbeter, deur die vermindering van die gebruiker interaksie wat benodig word om ATCO te gebruik. Die kode dekking berekeningsproses gebruik beperking oplossing om metode invoer waardes te bereken, om spesi eke areas in die program te bereik. Beperking oplossing is 'n duur berekening, so ATCO is geparalleliseer, met behulp van Java se Concurrency pakket, om die algehele uitvoer tyd van die program te verminder.
Livres sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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Selection challenged : The case against selection for 11+. Newtownards, Co. Down : Colourpoint Books, 2010.
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Afanas'ev, Mihail, Mihail Bendikov et Stanislav Korunov. Fundamentals of the economy of space activities. ru : INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018193.
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The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".
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Equality, Commission for Racial. Towards Fair Selection : A Survey of Test Practice and Thirteen Case Studies. Commission for Racial Equality, 1993.
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Pye, Michael, dir. Lay Buddhism and Spirituality : From Vimalakīrti to the Nenbutsu Masters. Equinox Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781908049148.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Early issues of The Eastern Buddhist contain short translations from various Buddhist texts, some of them quite important and all of considerable interest. Since they are set unobtrusively between modern statements and arguments about the nature of Buddhism, and in any case are difficult to locate, they have often gone unnoticed by students. Assembled here is a selection of those texts which have stood the test of time. Drawn from Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese originals, they mainly reflect the Zen and Shin Buddhist traditions, though in the wider context of early Mahāyāna Buddhism. Drawing them together into one volume brings out the fact that these varied Buddhist traditions are intricately related to each other. The result is an unusual and fascinating reader which would grace many a course in Buddhist studies.
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Henderson, Leah. Bayesianism and IBE. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198746904.003.0016.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Different views have been proposed about how Inference to the Best Explanation (IBE) and Bayesianism might be compatible with one another. One is a hybrid view, according to which explanatory considerations play a role in driving the Bayesian machinery. Another is an ‘emergent compatibilist’ view, in which an independently motivated Bayesian model of IBE is provided, so that explanatory considerations emerge from the Bayesian machinery rather than driving it. Specific scientific arguments can serve as test cases for these general views. The chapter argues that the case of Williams’ argument against group selection, discussed by Elliott Sober, is better understood with the emergent compatibilist picture, than with the hybrid view. This analysis of the case challenges Elliott Sober’s claim that the epistemic significance of appeals to the explanatory virtue of parsimony is highly case-specific. Instead, a more unified picture of IBE and its connection to Bayesianism is suggested.
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Karakoç, Ekrem. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826927.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This chapter opens by providing empirical evidence that income inequality persists or increases in many new democracies after their transition. Then it gives a brief overview of studies that expect reduced inequality because of democratization and questions their three assumptions regarding median voters, party system stability, and the authoritarian legacy on citizen–party linkage. It offers a revision to the median voter theory, emphasizes high electoral volatility in new democracies, and reexamines the legacy of previous nondemocratic regimes on citizen–party linkage. Having offered its argument in a nutshell, it turns to research methodology and case selection. It offers the rationale behind employing a multimethod approach to test its arguments. It tests its argument through large-N analysis in new and longstanding democracies in Europe as well as two paired case studies: Poland and the Czech Republic in postcommunist Europe and Turkey and Spain in Southern Europe.
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Green, Stuart, Robert G. Zamenhof et Denise E. Delahunty. Radiation measurement. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199655212.003.0004.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The ability to make accurate and reproducible measurements requires a detailed knowledge of radiation detection mechanisms, quantities to be measured, basic measurement techniques, and assessment of measurement uncertainties. The chapter begins with an overview of the operational dose quantities and the mechanisms by which measurements are traced to a suitable primary standard. This is followed by some tips on detector selection for both dose rate and contamination applications, before a more detailed description of the basic functional characteristics of gas detectors, scintillation detectors, and semiconductor detector. In each case, suggestions are made on typical areas of use, limitations of performance along with practical examples. Detector resolution issues are discussed for active detectors before a brief overview of passive detector systems including film (photographic and radiochromic) and thermoluminescent dosimetry. The chapter concludes with some common issues in practical measurement and describes the role and importance of the annual instrument test.
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Elwood, Mark. Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682898.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This book presents a system of critical appraisal applicable to clinical, epidemiological and public health studies and to many other fields. It assumes no prior knowledge. The methods are relevant to students, practitioners and policymakers. The book shows how to assess if the results of one study or of many studies show a causal effect. The book discusses study designs: randomised and non-randomised trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and surveys, showing the presentation of results including person-time and survival analysis, and issues in the selection of subjects. The system shows how to describe a study, how to detect and assess selection biases, observation bias, confounding, and chance variation, and how to assess internal validity and external validity (generalisability). Statistical methods are presented assuming no previous knowledge, and showing applications to each study design. Positive features of causation including strength, dose-response, and consistency are discussed. The book shows how to do systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and discusses publication bias. Systems of assessing all evidence are shown, leading to a general method of critical appraisal based on 20 key questions in five groups, which can be applied to any type of study or any topic. Six chapters show the application of this method to randomised trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and case-control studies. An appendix summarises key statistical methods, each with a worked example. Each main chapter has self-test questions, with answers provided.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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Scullard, G. T. « Test case selection using VDM ». Dans VDM '88 VDM — The Way Ahead, 178–86. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-50214-9_16.
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Hu, Yan, et He Jiang. « Effective Test Case Generation via Concolic Execution ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 157–64. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34531-9_17.
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Mulkahainen, Markus, Kari Systä et Hannu-Matti Järvinen. « Test Case Selection with Incremental ML ». Dans Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, 401–17. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21388-5_28.
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Vidal, Germán. « Concolic Execution and Test Case Generation in Prolog ». Dans Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation, 167–81. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17822-6_10.
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Csöndes, Tibor, et Balázs Kotnyek. « Automated Test Case Selection Based on Subpurposes ». Dans IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 251–65. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35567-2_16.
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Adamis, Gusztáv, et Katalin Tarnay. « Frame-Based Self-adaptive Test Case Selection ». Dans Self-Adaptive Software : Applications, 129–41. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36554-0_10.
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Ståhl, Daniel, et Jan Bosch. « Dynamic Test Case Selection in Continuous Integration ». Dans Analytic Methods in Systems and Software Testing, 405–13. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119357056.ch16.
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Mossige, Morten, Arnaud Gotlieb, Helge Spieker, Hein Meling et Mats Carlsson. « Time-Aware Test Case Execution Scheduling for Cyber-Physical Systems ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 387–404. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66158-2_25.
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Lee, Youngkon. « Event-Centric Test Case Scripting Method for SOA Execution Environment ». Dans Communications in Computer and Information Science, 489–96. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27207-3_53.
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Lee, Youngkon. « Event-Centric Test Case Scripting Method for SOA Execution Environment ». Dans Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 365–73. Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2792-2_35.
Texte intégralActes de conférences sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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d'Aragona, Dario Amoroso, Fabiano Pecorelli, Simone Romano, Giuseppe Scanniello, Maria Teresa Baldassarre, Andrea Janes et Valentina Lenarduzzi. « CATTO : Just-in-time Test Case Selection and Execution ». Dans 2022 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance and Evolution (ICSME). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsme55016.2022.00059.
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Munakata, Kazuki, Shoichiro Fujiwara, Susumu Tokumoto et Tadahiro Uehara. « Test Case Selection Based on Path Condtions of Symbolic Execution ». Dans 2012 19th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsec.2012.107.
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Karlsson, Viktor Aronsson, Ahmed Almasri, Eduard Paul Enoiu, Wasif Afzal et Peter Charbachi. « Automation of the creation and execution of system level hardware-in-loop tests through model-based testing ». Dans A-TEST '22 : 13th International Workshop on Automating Test Case Design, Selection and Evaluation. New York, NY, USA : ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3548659.3561313.
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Souza, Luciano S. de, Ricardo B. C. Prudêncio et Flavia de A. Barros. « Multi-Objective Test Case Selection : A study of the influence of the Catfish effect on PSO based strategies ». Dans Workshop de Testes e Tolerância a Falhas. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wtf.2014.22943.
Texte intégralRésumé :
During the software testing process many test suites can be generated in order to evaluate and assure the quality of the products. In some cases, the execution of all suites can not fit the available resources (time, people, etc). Hence, automatic Test Case (TC) selection could be used to reduce the suites based on some selection criterion. This process can be treated as an optimization problem, aiming to find a subset of TCs which optimizes one or more objective functions (i.e., selection criteria). In this light, we developed mechanisms for TC selection in context of structural and functional testing. The proposed algorithms consider two objectives simultaneously: maximize branch coverage (or functional requirements coverage) while minimizing execution cost (time). These mechanisms were implemented by deploying multi-objective techniques based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Additionally, we added the so-called catfish effect into the multi-objective selection algorithms in order to improve their results. The performed experiments revealed the feasibility of the proposed strategies.
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Souza, Luciano S. de, Pericles B. C. de Miranda, Ricardo B. C. Prudencio et Flavia de A. Barros. « A Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization for Test Case Selection Based on Functional Requirements Coverage and Execution Effort ». Dans 2011 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2011.45.
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Palit, Rajesh, Renuka Arya, Kshirasagar Naik et Ajit Singh. « Selection and execution of user level test cases for energy cost evaluation of smartphones ». Dans Proceeding of the 6th international workshop. New York, New York, USA : ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1982595.1982614.
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Kidman, David, Craig Stevens, Todd Remund et William Kitto. « Model Selection Made Easy Using Information Theoretics : An Aircraft Propulsion System Modeling Problem ». Dans ASME Turbo Expo 2014 : Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25359.
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The United States Department of Defense (DoD) is continually looking for ways to improve test and evaluation techniques to ensure systems meet military requirements prior to acquisition. Recently, the DoD has been pursuing the use of statistical methods to improve test and evaluation. This paper highlights statistical methodologies used by the Air Force Test Center to improve aircraft propulsion system Modeling and Simulation (M&S) efforts. The US Air Force has a long history of using M&S (more than 55 years) during aircraft test and evaluation. In the past, M&S usage was primarily in the aircraft performance and flying qualities areas. Now advancing technology and complex integration are resulting in increased M&S use across broader spectrum of technical disciplines, including propulsion. During propulsion testing, models are used to increase system knowledge in T&E areas which include: Test Planning, Execution, Data Analysis and Evaluation. This paper highlights the 412 Test Wing at Edwards AFB first steps to improve aircraft propulsion system T&E through the implementation of statistically defensible model development techniques. Specifically, this paper will provide an example of typical engineer model development strategies based on past experience, system knowledge, relevant physics and subjective evaluations to determine variables used and structure of the model. This paper will also provide insight into a number of statistics-based approaches including stepwise regression, backwards elimination, the inadequacy of using R-squared and an examination into the effects of mulit-collinearity. However, the focus of this paper is on how Information Theory and Akaike’s Information Criteria (AIC) can be easily applied to compare a variety of models and determine the best model available. This paper presents an example of these model development methods applied during a development of a predictive model used for evaluating thrust response of an aircraft engine with a new digital engine control. A case will be made that statistical approaches provide a more mathematically rigorous approach for model selection as compared to traditional approaches based on engineering judgment.
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JAGUSIAK-KOCIK, M. « Vickers Method Application for Quality Assessment the First Patterns of a Selected Product of the Automotive Industry – a Case Study ». Dans Terotechnology XII. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902059-28.
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Abstract. Production is one of the basic branches of the economy. Along with the development of techniques and technology, it expanded the scope of its activities, including a wide flow of information concerning, inter alia, the quality of manufactured products in order to increase competitiveness in meeting customer needs. The article assesses the quality of the first patterns of the selected product (detail X) by measuring the hardness using the Vickers method. The measurements were carried out for four samples marked with the letters A1, B1, C1 and D1, which for the Vickers test had to be properly prepared, which was associated with the need to meet both the requirements relating to surface roughness, the size of the detail and getting rid of contamination. This process follows the procedure prepared by the quality control section, specified in the detailed execution manual for detail X. The measurement of the samples confirmed the research carried out in the scope of quality assessment and the validity of the selection of the Vickers method for hardness measurement.
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Mubashir Ahmad, Mubashir, Ayman El Shahat, M. Osama El-Meguid, Ali Sulaiman Bin Sumaida, Hessa Mohammed Al Shehhi, Fawad Zain Yousfi, Mohamed Albadi et al. « Deepest Deviated HPHT Gas Well Drilling and Testing Challenges in an Offshore Island Case-study ». Dans Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207506-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope Deepest Deviated Appraisal well in Upper Khuff reservoir in a small artificial island, located about 100 KM away from Abu Dhabi shore was successfully drilled and tested. The well has been recognized as the deepest deviated well on offshore Island with highest bottom hole reservoir temperature in UAE about 375 deg F (190 degrees C) and exceeding 9000 psi reservoir pressure complemented with impurities of H2S ranging from 10-22% and CO2 between 9-20%. Methods, Procedures, Process The challenges were immense, from designing to execution, including securing special materials for the unique well design to accommodate the sour environment of Khuff reservoir as exploring new reservoirs always counter many risks comparing to developed reservoirs. The execution was driven with the focus of maximizing the ultimate value and benefit for ADNOC, our respected partners, the community and the UAE. The field is located in the most sensitive and ecological important area and is under UNESCO Biosphere reserve. Results, Observations, Conclusions The appraisal well was successfully drilled to Khuff reservoir at a depth of 19000 ft. The well test using Drill stem test (DST string) was conducted. Multiple challenges ranging from HSE, material selection, drilling and logging tools availability, limitations and procuring them in time were overcome by utilizing the World First Integrated Zero Waste Discharge Solution in Restricted & Highly Environmentally Sensitive Areas. Another major challenge faced during the drilling deeper reservoir was mud rheology changes due to high temperatures. The logging program was tailored to overcome the challenges posed by the mud, high temperature, high pressure, sour condition and to gain maximum representative reservoir data in a reservoir where high-pressure steaks and geological unconformities were anticipated. The Drill stem test, (DST) string was successfully POOH after acquiring all the objectives from Khuff K-4 testing under above mentioned harsh environment. The zonal isolation was carried out with cement and rig was released. Novel/Additive Information The drilling and testing operation was conducted with high level of cooperation and excellence accomplishing the well set objectives without (Lost Time Injury). Lessons learned are widely shared with all the teams across the region to expedite and improve on the technologies used for sour gas production. ADNOC Onshore demonstrated 100% HSE, full commitment, high collaboration and efficient outcome ensuring safety compliance for the successful delivery of this highly critical project. This paper presents the various challenges faced and overcome while carrying out the Drilling and testing of the HPHT Sour well offshore.
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Diaz, Silvia, et Paulo Sérgio Souza. « Structural testing criteria for concurrent programs considering loop executions ». Dans XX Simpósio em Sistemas Computacionais de Alto Desempenho. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wscad_estendido.2019.8711.
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Parallel programs are imperative for improving performance and problem solving, having an increasing demand on implementing efficient parallel programming techniques. This entails new challenges on software testing to ensure their quality and reliability. Structural testing is a technique that allows the identification of concurrency defects by analyzing the internal structure of the program. However, the non-determinism of concurrent programs has implications in the testing activity, requiring the use of structured methods to reveal defects. Testing criteria support the selection of test cases in a systematic form by statically analysing elements of concurrent programs. We found that there are currently gaps in the definition of testing criteria contemplating scenarios with elements that are dynamically evaluated, such as the execution of communication primitives inside loops. The objective of this project is to define structural testing criteria to guide the selection of test cases, improving the reliability of concurrent programs by revealing non-determinism related errors present in repetition structures. We developed a Concurrent Defects Taxonomy, identifying and classifying concurrency types of defects found in related literature. The analysis of such defects, paths inside loops, number of loop iterations, and nested loops allow us to model the proposed structural testing criteria. We define new sets and associations related to communication and synchronization flows for message-passing programs, establishing a model for testing criteria. We implemented the proposed test model in ValiMPI, a testing tool prototype, considering the new concepts defined in our test model, generating required elements and evaluating coverage after constructing loop paths. For the application evaluation of criteria we perform an empirical study with statistical validation, indicating the results for cost, effectiveness and strength. Our experimental evaluation demonstrated that the proposed testing criteria generates required elements that support the identification of concurrency defects occurring in different loop iterations, when having communicational events with non-deterministic behavior.
Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Test case selection and execution"
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Tsidylo, Ivan M., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Tetiana I. Gargula, Hanna V. Solonetska, Yaroslav P. Zamora et Andrey V. Pikilnyak. Simulation of intellectual system for evaluation of multilevel test tasks on the basis of fuzzy logic. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4370.
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The article describes the stages of modeling an intelligent system for evaluating multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic in the MATLAB application package, namely the Fuzzy Logic Toolbox. The analysis of existing approaches to fuzzy assessment of test methods, their advantages and disadvantages is given. The considered methods for assessing students are presented in the general case by two methods: using fuzzy sets and corresponding membership functions; fuzzy estimation method and generalized fuzzy estimation method. In the present work, the Sugeno production model is used as the closest to the natural language. This closeness allows for closer interaction with a subject area expert and build well-understood, easily interpreted inference systems. The structure of a fuzzy system, functions and mechanisms of model building are described. The system is presented in the form of a block diagram of fuzzy logical nodes and consists of four input variables, corresponding to the levels of knowledge assimilation and one initial one. The surface of the response of a fuzzy system reflects the dependence of the final grade on the level of difficulty of the task and the degree of correctness of the task. The structure and functions of the fuzzy system are indicated. The modeled in this way intelligent system for assessing multilevel test tasks based on fuzzy logic makes it possible to take into account the fuzzy characteristics of the test: the level of difficulty of the task, which can be assessed as “easy”, “average", “above average”, “difficult”; the degree of correctness of the task, which can be assessed as “correct”, “partially correct”, “rather correct”, “incorrect”; time allotted for the execution of a test task or test, which can be assessed as “short”, “medium”, “long”, “very long”; the percentage of correctly completed tasks, which can be assessed as “small”, “medium”, “large”, “very large”; the final mark for the test, which can be assessed as “poor”, “satisfactory”, “good”, “excellent”, which are included in the assessment. This approach ensures the maximum consideration of answers to questions of all levels of complexity by formulating a base of inference rules and selection of weighting coefficients when deriving the final estimate. The robustness of the system is achieved by using Gaussian membership functions. The testing of the controller on the test sample brings the functional suitability of the developed model.
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Carrasco, Marine, et N'golo Koné. Test for Trading Costs Effect in a Portfolio Selection Problem with Recursive Utility. CIRANO, janvier 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/bjce8546.
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This paper addresses a portfolio selection problem with trading costs on stock market. More precisely, we develop a simple GMM-based test procedure to test the significance of rading costs effect in the economy with a áexible form of transaction costs. We also propose a two-step procedure to test overidentifying restrictions in our GMM estimation. In an empirical analysis, we apply our test procedures to the class of anomalies used in Novy-Marx and Velikov (2016). We show that transaction costs have a significant effect on investors behavior for many anomalies. In that case, investors significantly improve the out-of-sample performance of their portfolios by accounting for trading costs.
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Sherman, Amir, Rebecca Grumet, Ron Ophir, Nurit Katzir et Yiqun Weng. Whole genome approach for genetic analysis in cucumber : Fruit size as a test case. United States Department of Agriculture, décembre 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594399.bard.
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The Cucurbitaceae family includes a broad array of economically and nutritionally important crop species that are consumed as vegetables, staple starches and desserts. Fruit of these species, and types within species, exhibit extensive diversity as evidenced by variation in size, shape, color, flavor, and others. Fruit size and shape are critical quality determinants that delineate uses and market classes and are key traits under selection in breeding programs. However, the underlying genetic bases for variation in fruit size remain to be determined. A few species the Cucurbitaceae family were sequenced during the time of this project (cucumber was already sequenced when the project started watermelon and melon sequence became available during the project) but functional genomic tools are still missing. This research program had three major goals: 1. Develop whole genome cucumber and melon SNP arrays. 2. Develop and characterize cucumber populations segregating for fruit size. 3. Combine genomic tools, segregating populations, and phenotypic characterization to identify loci associated with fruit size. As suggested by the reviewers the work concentrated mostly in cucumber and not both in cucumber and melon. In order to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array for cucumber, available and newly generated sequence from two cucumber cultivars with extreme differences in shape and size, pickling GY14 and Chinese long 9930, were analyzed for variation (SNPs). A large set of high quality SNPs was discovered between the two parents of the RILs population (GY14 and 9930) and used to design a custom SNP array with 35000 SNPs using Agilent technology. The array was validated using 9930, Gy14 and F1 progeny of the two parents. Several mapping populations were developed for linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit size These includes 145 F3 families and 150 recombinant inbred line (RILs F7 or F8 (Gy14 X 9930) and third population contained 450 F2 plants from a cross between Gy14 and a wild plant from India. The main population that was used in this study is the RILs population of Gy14 X 9930. Phenotypic and morphological analyses of 9930, Gy14, and their segregating F2 and RIL progeny indicated that several, likely independent, factors influence cucumber fruit size and shape, including factors that act both pre-anthesis and post-pollination. These include: amount, rate, duration, and plane of cell division pre- and post-anthesis and orientation of cell expansion. Analysis of F2 and RIL progeny indicated that factors influencing fruit length were largely determined pre-anthesis, while fruit diameter was more strongly influenced by environment and growth factors post-anthesis. These results suggest involvement of multiple genetically segregating factors expected to map independently onto the cucumber genome. Using the SNP array and the phenotypic data two major QTLs for fruit size of cucumber were mapped in very high accuracy (around 300 Kb) with large set of markers that should facilitate identification and cloning of major genes that contribute to fruit size in cucumber. In addition, a highly accurate haplotype map of all RILS was created to allow fine mapping of other traits segregating in this population. A detailed cucumber genetic map with 6000 markers was also established (currently the most detailed genetic map of cucumber). The integration of genetics physiology and genomic approaches in this project yielded new major infrastructure tools that can be used for understanding fruit size and many other traits of importance in cucumber. The SNP array and genetic population with an ultra-fine map can be used for future breeding efforts, high resolution mapping and cloning of traits of interest that segregate in this population. The genetic map that was developed can be used for other breeding efforts in other populations. The study of fruit development that was done during this project will be important in dissecting function of genes that that contribute to the fruit size QTLs. The SNP array can be used as tool for mapping different traits in cucumber. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote genetic improvement of cucumber and related cucurbits.
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Niazi, Fawad. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 1 : CPT Interpretation—Estimation of Soil Properties. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317346.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado et Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 2 : CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Methods. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317347.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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Sakleshpur, Venkata A., Monica Prezzi, Rodrigo Salgado et Mir Zaheer. CPT-Based Geotechnical Design Manual, Volume 3 : CPT-Based Design of Foundations—Example Problems. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317348.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This manual provides guidance on how to use the cone penetration test (CPT) for site investigation and foundation design. The manual has been organized into three volumes. Volume 1 covers the execution of CPT-based site investigations and presents a comprehensive literature review of CPT-based soil behavior type (SBT) charts and estimation of soil variables from CPT results. Volume 2 covers the methods and equations needed for CPT data interpretation and foundation design in different soil types, while Volume 3 includes several example problems (based on instrumented case histories) with detailed, step-by-step calculations to demonstrate the application of the design methods. The methods included in the manual are current, reliable, and demonstrably the best available for Indiana geology based on extensive CPT research carried out during the past two decades. The design of shallow and pile foundations in the manual is based on the load and resistance factor design (LRFD) framework. The manual also indicates areas of low reliability and limited knowledge, which can be used as indicators for future research.
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McPhedran, R., K. Patel, B. Toombs, P. Menon, M. Patel, J. Disson, K. Porter, A. John et A. Rayner. Food allergen communication in businesses feasibility trial. Food Standards Agency, mars 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.tpf160.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Background: Clear allergen communication in food business operators (FBOs) has been shown to have a positive impact on customers’ perceptions of businesses (Barnett et al., 2013). However, the precise size and nature of this effect is not known: there is a paucity of quantitative evidence in this area, particularly in the form of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The Food Standards Agency (FSA), in collaboration with Kantar’s Behavioural Practice, conducted a feasibility trial to investigate whether a randomised cluster trial – involving the proactive communication of allergen information at the point of sale in FBOs – is feasible in the United Kingdom (UK). Objectives: The trial sought to establish: ease of recruitments of businesses into trials; customer response rates for in-store outcome surveys; fidelity of intervention delivery by FBO staff; sensitivity of outcome survey measures to change; and appropriateness of the chosen analytical approach. Method: Following a recruitment phase – in which one of fourteen multinational FBOs was successfully recruited – the execution of the feasibility trial involved a quasi-randomised matched-pairs clustered experiment. Each of the FBO’s ten participating branches underwent pair-wise matching, with similarity of branches judged according to four criteria: Food Hygiene Rating Scheme (FHRS) score, average weekly footfall, number of staff and customer satisfaction rating. The allocation ratio for this trial was 1:1: one branch in each pair was assigned to the treatment group by a representative from the FBO, while the other continued to operate in accordance with their standard operating procedure. As a business-based feasibility trial, customers at participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were automatically enrolled in the trial. The trial was single-blind: customers at treatment branches were not aware that they were receiving an intervention. All customers who visited participating branches throughout the fieldwork period were asked to complete a short in-store survey on a tablet affixed in branches. This survey contained four outcome measures which operationalised customers’: perceptions of food safety in the FBO; trust in the FBO; self-reported confidence to ask for allergen information in future visits; and overall satisfaction with their visit. Results: Fieldwork was conducted from the 3 – 20 March 2020, with cessation occurring prematurely due to the closure of outlets following the proliferation of COVID-19. n=177 participants took part in the trial across the ten branches; however, response rates (which ranged between 0.1 - 0.8%) were likely also adversely affected by COVID-19. Intervention fidelity was an issue in this study: while compliance with delivery of the intervention was relatively high in treatment branches (78.9%), erroneous delivery in control branches was also common (46.2%). Survey data were analysed using random-intercept multilevel linear regression models (due to the nesting of customers within branches). Despite the trial’s modest sample size, there was some evidence to suggest that the intervention had a positive effect for those suffering from allergies/intolerances for the ‘trust’ (β = 1.288, p<0.01) and ‘satisfaction’ (β = 0.945, p<0.01) outcome variables. Due to singularity within the fitted linear models, hierarchical Bayes models were used to corroborate the size of these interactions. Conclusions: The results of this trial suggest that a fully powered clustered RCT would likely be feasible in the UK. In this case, the primary challenge in the execution of the trial was the recruitment of FBOs: despite high levels of initial interest from four chains, only one took part. However, it is likely that the proliferation of COVID-19 adversely impacted chain participation – two other FBOs withdrew during branch eligibility assessment and selection, citing COVID-19 as a barrier. COVID-19 also likely lowered the on-site survey response rate: a significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between daily survey completions and COVID-19 cases in the UK, highlighting a likely relationship between the two. Limitations: The trial was quasi-random: selection of branches, pair matching and allocation to treatment/control groups were not systematically conducted. These processes were undertaken by a representative from the FBO’s Safety and Quality Assurance team (with oversight from Kantar representatives on pair matching), as a result of the chain’s internal operational restrictions.