Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Telecom domain »

Telecom towers play the utmost important role in mobile communication whereas riggers (tower workers/climbers) are the backbone to erect and maintain such tower infrastructure. Work on telecom towers includes tower structure work, hoisting and de hoisting of various types of antennas, RF cable laying and connectorization. The purpose of this article is to identify gaps among stakeholders in adopting safety standards to protect telecom tower riggers in Indian telecom domain and proposed framework for establishing Occupational, Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for Indian telecom tower riggers to fill the gap and create a conducive atmosphere among telecom companies and tower infrastructure providers while utilizing the services of riggers. This article tabulates basic parameters that are required to find “rigger-man-hours” on each work/activity of rigger on the telecom tower. This will enable telecom companies to forecast their regular riggers requirement as well to assess the future demand across geographical areas of the country.

This paper examines how cloud-based infrastructure is impacting classical implementations of telecom Managed Services (MS) models with focus on network operations and maintenance (O&M). The migration of legacy network assets to the ‘cloud’ has altered traditional telecom network configuration. This work explores how cloud-based network infrastructure may alter MS models in the telecom network domain. It is expected that the unique offerings of cloud-based solutions will impact existing MS models and may require redesigning or adjusting operation and maintenance processes and frameworks. As network infrastructure migrates to the cloud, telecom MS delivery models must evolve as well to satisfy new requirements. This paper lays out essential aspects of traditional MS models that may be impacted as a result of cloud-based infrastructure. It further proposes a framework, and conceptual software design for systematically analysing the gaps in current MS models in order to identify requirements for improved MS delivery in the cloud era.

We review the main results obtained with our recently introduced passively fundamental mode-locked Er : Yb :glass lasers mainly in the context of telecom applications, and we discuss their key enablers. Specifically, we focus on the aspects of the lasers for application in the time-domain for optical time-division multiplexing and in the wavelength domain for dense wavelength-division-multiplexing.

The aim of the doctoral thesis is the study of Terahertz time domain spectrometers relying on telecommunication fiber technology. Optical fiber offers low losses, high stability and compactness, features that ease the deployment of this kind of sensing instruments in industrial scenarios. The development of terahertz signal sources working at telecom wavelengths has enabled the employment of mature, telecom-related photonic components that allowed a transition within THz research from being mainly object of scientific interest to an application-oriented technology. In this thesis, fiber terahertz systems utilizing ultrafast photoconductors with integrated antenna structures have been investigated at different levels, including the control of the photoconductor structure, as well as at instrument and system levels. The carrier transport in InGaAs-InAlAs multilayer hetero-structures, present in the employed photoconductive antennas, has been investigated under the additional injection of a continuous optical wave. By varying the amplitude level of the respective optical signal injected into either the emitter or the receiver, it has been shown that the amplitude of the detected photocurrent could be controlled without affecting its bandwidth. Unlike increasing the optical power of the pulsed signal, raising the continuous optical power results in a reduction of the measured photocurrent. This lowering of the conductivity is related to changes in the instantaneous carrier momentum relaxation time in the photoactive material, rather than to variations of the free carrier density level. This behavior affects systems including continuous-wave optical components, as, for instance, optical amplifiers. The effect has been further exploited to modulate the operation conditions of photoconductive antennas, enabling an all-optical control of the THz amplitude. This represents a method to implement a signal modulation, necessary, for instance, for lock-in signal detection. Different industrial applications and THz imaging systems require fast data acquisition. Slow, stepwise working mechanical optical delay lines are about to be replaced by faster schemes. A fast THz-time-domain spectroscopy system using a coil-based rapid mechanic delay line has been set up and analyzed. A convenience of usage of optical fibers is the simplicity of signal multiplication and distribution. It can be exploited to allow centralized operation of a set of parallel terahertz sensing units. A centralized architecture with optical source sharing simplifies the implementation as well as the cost of nondestructive inspection platforms, where several sensing units would have to work in the same facility, for example at quality control in factories or security checkpoints. The cost of such a distribution system is evaluated, its feasibility experimentally demonstrated, and key features relevant to the system performance are discussed. The present document is formally structured in a brief introduction, Chapter 2, which review common terahertz technology as a whole, with the focus on optoelectronic schemes and respective technology in the telecom band. Chapter 3 includes work carried out dealing with the carrier dynamics under continuous optical wave irradiation of the photoconductive antenna modules and the application of the effect as modulation method. Chapter 4 deals with the implementation of the fast delay in the system and Chapter 5 describes and analyses architecture for parallel, remotely controlled sensing. Finally, Chapter 6 provides conclusion and future work perspectives.
El objetivo de la presente Tesis Doctoral es el estudio de espectroscopios temporales de Terahercios basados en tecnología de fibra óptica para telecomunicaciones. La fibra óptica ofrece bajas pérdidas de propagación, alta estabilidad y la capacidad de implementar sistemas robustos y compactos, características que facilitan el despliegue de este tipo de instrumentos de sensado en escenarios industriales. El desarrollo de fuentes de THz que operan en la banda infrarroja empleada en telecomunicaciones permite el uso de componentes maduros de la industria de las comunicaciones ópticas, lo que a su vez se ha traducido en una transición desde el uso de la banda de THz básicamente para intereses científicos al desarrollo de sistemas para aplicaciones industriales. En la presente tesis se investigan sistemas de THz basados en antenas fotoconductivas y fibra óptica a distintos niveles: control de la estructura fotoconductiva, instrumento y sistema. El transporte de portadores en heteroestructuras multicapa InGaAs-InAlAs, empleadas actualmente en antenas fotoconductivas, se ha investigado bajo la inyección de una onda óptica continua. Se ha observado que variando el nivel de amplitud de esta onda continua tanto en el emisor como en el receptor es posible controlar la fotocorriente detectada sin afectar a su ancho de banda. A diferencia de un incremento en la potencia óptica de la señal pulsada, elevar el nivel de continua resulta en una reducción de la fotocorriente medida. Esta reducción de la conductividad se relaciona con cambios en el tiempo de relajación del momento de los portadores en el material fotoactivo en lugar de variaciones de la densidad de portadores libres. Este comportamiento puede tener un efecto en sistemas que introduzcan componentes ópticos continuos como por ejemplo sistemas de sensado que empleen amplificadores ópticos. Este efecto puede ser usado para modular las condiciones de operación de las antenas fotoconductivas permitiendo el control todo-óptico del sistema. Este método permite modular la señal, lo que resulta necesario por ejemplo para realizar detección lock-in. Tanto diferentes aplicaciones industriales como los sistemas de imagen en THz requieren sistemas rápidos de captura. Para ello es necesario sustituir las líneas de retardo ópticas tradicionales basadas en motores paso-a-paso por otros sistemas de mayor velocidad. Se ha implementado y caracterizado un sistema THz-TDS usando una línea de retardo rápida basada en bobinas de voz. Una característica fundamental de la fibra óptica es su extraordinaria simplicidad para realizar la distribución de señales ópticas. Esta característica puede ser explotada para permitir la operación centralizada de un conjunto paralelo de sensores de THz. Una arquitectura centralizada en la que la fuente óptica se comparte entre muchos sensores simplifica la implementación y reduce el coste de sistemas de inspección no destructiva que requieran de múltiples sensores en paralelo, como, por ejemplo, en control de calidad industrial o en controles de seguridad. Se ha evaluado el coste de estos sistemas distribuidos, se ha validado experimentalmente su viabilidad y se han identificado y estudiado sus prestaciones. El documento de la tesis doctoral se estructura formalmente en una breve introducción, el capítulo 2, en el que se revisa la tecnología de THz en su conjunto, los esquemas optoelectrónicos y el uso de tecnologías ópticas basadas en la banda de las telecomunicaciones. El capítulo 3 incluye el estudio realizado sobre la dinámica de los portadores bajo la irradiación dela antena fotoconductiva con una onda óptica continua y su uso como técnica de modulación. El capítulo 4 trata con la implementación de un sistema THz-TDS rápido mientras que el capítulo 5 describe y analiza una arquitectura de sensado paralela para reducir costes. Finalmente el capítulo 6 recoge las conclusiones y futuras líneas de actuación.
L'objectiu de la present Tesi Doctoral és l'estudi d'espectroscopis temporals de terahertzs basats en tecnologia de fibra òptica per a telecomunicacions. La fibra òptica ofereix baixes pèrdues de propagació, alta estabilitat i la capacitat d'implementar sistemes robustos i compactes, característiques que faciliten el desplegament d'aquest tipus d'instruments de sensat en escenaris industrials. El desenvolupament de fonts de THz que operen a la banda infraroja emprada en telecomunicacions permet l'ús de components madurs de la indústria de les comunicacions òptiques, el que al seu torn s'ha traduït en una transició des de l'ús de la banda de THz bàsicament per interessos científics al desenvolupament de sistemes per a aplicacions industrials. En la present tesi s'investiguen sistemes de THz basats en antenes fotoconductivas i fibra òptica a diferents nivells: control de l'estructura fotoconductiva, instrument i sistema. El transport de portadors en heteroestructures multicapa InGaAs-InAlAs, emprades actualment en antenes fotoconductivas, s'ha investigat sota la injecció d'una ona òptica contínua. S'ha observat que variant el nivell d'amplitud d'aquesta ona contínua tant en l'emissor com en el receptor és possible controlar la fotocorriente detectada sense afectar el seu ample de banda. A diferència d'un increment en la potència òptica del senyal polsada, elevar el nivell de contínua resulta en una reducció de la fotocorrent mesurada. Aquesta reducció de la conductivitat es relaciona amb canvis en el temps de relaxació del moment dels portadors en el material fotoactiu en lloc de variacions de la densitat de portadors lliures. Aquest comportament pot tenir un efecte en sistemes que introdueixin components òptics continus com ara sistemes de sensat que utilitzen amplificadors òptics. Aquest efecte pot ser usat per modular les condicions d'operació de les antenes fotoconductivas permetent el control tot-òptic del sistema. Aquest mètode permet modular el senyal, el que resulta necessari per exemple per realitzar detecció lock-in. Tant diferents aplicacions industrials com els sistemes d'imatge en THz requereixen sistemes ràpids de captura. Per a això és necessari substituir les línies de retard òptiques tradicionals basades en motors pas-a-pas per altres sistemes de major velocitat. S'ha implementat i caracteritzat un sistema THz-TDS usant una línia de retard ràpida basada en bobines de veu. Una característica fonamental de la fibra òptica és la seua extraordinària simplicitat per realitzar la distribució de senyals òptiques. Aquesta característica pot ser explotada per a permetre l'operació centralitzada d'un conjunt paral·lel de sensors de THz. Una arquitectura centralitzada en la qual la font òptica es comparteix entre molts sensors simplifica la implementació i redueix el cost de sistemes d'inspecció no destructiva que requereixin de múltiples sensors en paral·lel, com, per exemple, en control de qualitat industrial o en controls de seguretat . S'ha avaluat el cost d'aquests sistemes distribuïts, s'ha validat experimentalment la seua viabilitat i s'han identificat i estudiat les seues prestacions. El document de la tesi doctoral s'estructura formalment en una breu introducció, capítol 2, en el qual es revisa la tecnologia de THz en el seu conjunt, els esquemes optoelectrònics i l'ús de tecnologies òptiques basades en la banda de les telecomunicacions. El capítol 4 inclou l'estudi realitzat sobre la dinàmica dels portadors sota la irradiació de la antena fotoconductiva amb una ona òptica contínua i el seu ús com a tècnica de modulació. El capítol 5 tracta la implementació d'un sistema THz-TDS ràpid mentre que el capítol 6 descriu i analitza una arquitectura de sensat paral·lela per reduir costos. Finalment, el capítol 7 recull les conclusions i futures línies d'actuació.
Bockelt, AS. (2017). Fiber-based Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Systems Operated in the Telecom Band [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86148
TESIS

The Natural Language Processing (NLP) research area has seen notable advancements in recent years, one being the ELECTRA model which improves the sample efficiency of BERT pre-training by introducing a discriminative pre-training approach. Most publicly available language models are trained on general-domain datasets. Thus, research is lacking for niche domains with domain-specific vocabulary. In this paper, the process of adapting a BERT-like model to the telecom domain is investigated. For efficiency in training the model, the ELECTRA approach is selected. For measuring target- domain performance, the Question Answering (QA) downstream task within the telecom domain is used. Three domain adaption approaches are considered: (1) continued pre- training on telecom-domain text starting from a general-domain checkpoint, (2) pre-training on telecom-domain text from scratch, and (3) pre-training from scratch on a combination of general-domain and telecom-domain text. Findings indicate that approach 1 is both inexpensive and effective, as target- domain performance increases are seen already after small amounts of training, while generalizability is retained. Approach 2 shows the highest performance on the target-domain QA task by a wide margin, albeit at the expense of generalizability. Approach 3 combines the benefits of the former two by achieving good performance on QA both in the general domain and the telecom domain. At the same time, it allows for a tokenization vocabulary well-suited for both domains. In conclusion, the suitability of a given domain adaption approach is shown to depend on the available data and computational budget. Results highlight the clear benefits of domain adaption, even when the QA task is learned through behavioral fine-tuning on a general-domain QA dataset due to insufficient amounts of labeled target-domain data being available.
Dubbelriktade språkmodeller som BERT har på senare år nått stora framgångar inom språkteknologiområdet. Flertalet vidareutvecklingar av BERT har tagits fram, bland andra ELECTRA, vars nyskapande diskriminativa träningsprocess förkortar träningstiden. Majoriteten av forskningen inom området utförs på data från den allmänna domänen. Med andra ord finns det utrymme för kunskapsbildning inom domäner med områdesspecifikt språk. I detta arbete utforskas metoder för att anpassa en dubbelriktad språkmodell till telekomdomänen. För att säkerställa hög effektivitet i förträningsstadiet används ELECTRA-modellen. Uppnådd prestanda i måldomänen mäts med hjälp av ett frågebesvaringsdataset för telekom-området. Tre metoder för domänanpassning undersöks: (1) fortsatt förträning på text från telekom-området av en modell förtränad på den allmänna domänen; (2) förträning från grunden på telekom-text; samt (3) förträning från grunden på en kombination av text från telekom-området och den allmänna domänen. Experimenten visar att metod 1 är både kostnadseffektiv och fördelaktig ur ett prestanda-perspektiv. Redan efter kort fortsatt förträning kan tydliga förbättringar inom frågebesvaring inom måldomänen urskiljas, samtidigt som generaliserbarhet kvarhålls. Tillvägagångssätt 2 uppvisar högst prestanda inom måldomänen, om än med markant sämre förmåga att generalisera. Metod 3 kombinerar fördelarna från de tidigare två metoderna genom hög prestanda dels inom måldomänen, dels inom den allmänna domänen. Samtidigt tillåter metoden användandet av ett tokenizer-vokabulär väl anpassat för båda domäner. Sammanfattningsvis bestäms en domänanpassningsmetods lämplighet av den respektive situationen och datan som tillhandahålls, samt de tillgängliga beräkningsresurserna. Resultaten påvisar de tydliga vinningar som domänanpassning kan ge upphov till, även då frågebesvaringsuppgiften lärs genom träning på ett dataset hämtat ur den allmänna domänen på grund av otillräckliga mängder frågebesvaringsdata inom måldomänen.

En information quantique, un encodage sur les degrés de liberté temps et fréquence donne accès à un espace de Hilbert de grande dimension pour les états photoniques ce qui autorise le traitement en parallèle d'un grand nombre de qubits voire de qudits. C'est dans ce cadre que se situe cette thèse sur la génération et la manipulation d'états quantiques photoniques aux longueurs d'onde télécom. Nous présentons trois réalisations. La première est la génération efficace de paires de photons par processus non-linéaire du second et du troisième ordre dans des sources intégrées innovantes : un guide en niobate de lithium sur isolant, en couche mince et à inversion de domaines periodique, et un micro-résonateur en silicium sur isolant possédant un intervalle spectral libre de 21 GHz. La deuxième est le développement de concepts, de modèles et d'optimisations numériques pour la manipulation de qubits et qudits photoniques dans les espaces temps fréquence avec des éléments linéaires. Nous utilisons des filtres programmables (PF) et des modulateurs de phase électro-optiques (EOM). Nous comparons les performances théoriques de portes à 1 qubit pour deux configurations de composants [EOM-PF-EOM] et [PF-EOM-PF] dans les deux types d'encodage temps et fréquence. La troisième est la démonstration expérimentale d'une telle manipulation de qubits fréquentiels issus du microrésonateur en Silicium. Nous utilisons la configuration [EOM-PF-EOM] pour implémenter une porte quantique reconfigurable et accordable. Un seul paramètre variable permet de passer d'une porte identité à une porte Hadamard, ainsi qu'à un continuum de portes intermédiaires. Nous démontrons la parallélisation de 34 de ces portes appliquées à 17 états à deux qubits intriqués en fréquence générés par le résonateur. Nous utilisons ensuite ces portes pour réaliser la tomographie quantique des états intriqués et pour mettre en oeuvre un protocole de distribution de clef quantique basé sur l'intrication des deux photons en fréquence. Nous faisons finalement la démonstration inédite d'un réseau multi-utilisateur sans nœuds sécurisés en encodage fréquentiel. Cette expérience constitue une preuve de principe pour la distribution de clé quantique dans le domaine fréquentiel avec un débit de 2 bits par seconde en simultané pour chacune des paires d'utilisateurs dans un réseau de 5 utilisateurs
In quantum information, encoding in time and frequency degrees of freedom gives access to a high-dimensional Hilbert space for photonic states, enabling parallel processing of a large number of qubits or even qudits. This is the scope of our work on the generation and manipulation of photonic quantum states at telecom wavelengths with three main achievements. The first one is the efficient generation of photon pairs by second and third-order nonlinear processes in innovative integrated sources: a thin-film, periodically-poled lithium niobate-on-insulator waveguide, and a silicon-on-insulator micro-resonator with a free spectral range of 21 GHz. The second one is the development of concepts, models, and numerical optimizations for the manipulation of photonic qubits and qudits in time-frequency spaces with linear devices. We use programmable filters (PF) and electro-optical phase modulators (EOM). We compare the theoretical performance of 1-qubit gates for two configurations [EOM-PF-EOM] and [PF-EOM-PF] in both time and frequency encoding. The third one is the experimental demonstration of such manipulation of frequency qubits from the silicon microresonator. We use the [EOM-PF-EOM] configuration to implement a reconfigurable and tunable quantum gate. A single tunable parameter is used to go from an identity gate to a Hadamard gate, as well as to a continuum of intermediate gates. We then use these gates to perform quantum tomography of entangled states and to implement a quantum key distribution protocol based on two-photon frequency entanglement. Finally, we demonstrate a frequency-encoded multi-user network without trusted nodes. This experiment constitutes a proof of principle for quantum key distribution in the frequency domain at a rate of 2 bits per second simultaneously for each pair of users in a 5-user network

Cette thèse présente la réalisation d’un système expérimental basé sur la technologiedes amplificateurs télécom fibrés, pour la production des condensats de Bose-Einsteinde 41K. Le but de la construction de cette expérience est d’étudier le modèle de rotateurfrappé en présence des interactions dans le système. Le choix de l’isotope 41K a étéréalisé pour deux raisons principales. Premièrement, c’est le seul isotope bosonique dupotassium qui a une longueur de diffusion positive (ce qui facilite la condensation), et ilpossède des résonances de Feshbach accessibles. Deuxièmement, les longueurs d’ondedes transitions de refroidissement (766,701 et 770,108 nm) peuvent être générées pardoublement de fréquence à partir des sources lasers fibrés puissantes, dans le domainetélécom. Cela donne la possibilité de réaliser des systèmes laser robustes, stables, et àdes coûts intéressants, pour le refroidissement et piégeage du potassium.L’originalité de notre système laser pour le refroidissement est que nous générons toutesles fréquences utiles, en amont des étapes d’amplification à haute-puissance et doublement de fréquences. Nous avons également développé une technique d’asservissement en fréquence et démontré son applicabilité dans le domaine d’atomes froids, basé aussi sur la technologie télécom, en utilisant des transitions ro-vibrationnelles de la molécule d’acétylène. Pour l’étape de refroidissement évaporatif, dans un piège dipolaire optique, nous avons construit un système laser télécom original basé sur un contrôle en puissance qui ne nécessite aucun élément actif (modulateurs électro- ou acousto-optique) en espace libre.En parallèle du développement des sources laser, nous avons également développé l’ensemble de l’expérience de condensat (système à ultra-vide, pièges magnétiques, systèmes électroniques, etc). Cela nous a permis d’implémenter toutes les étapes nécessaires d’une expérience de condensation. Grâce à ces systèmes lasers, nous avons chargé un piège magnéto-optique avec 3 x 10^(9) atomes. Ensuite, nous avons effectué une compression du nuage et une mélasse grise en utilisant la raie D1 pour atteindre une température de 16 µK et une densité dans l’espace des phases de ~ 10^(-6). Ensuite, nous avons chargé les atomes dans un piège hybride (piège magnétique + optique), et enfin vers un piège optique croisé. Nous avons observé un condensat de 200 000 atomes dans ce piège, qui nous permettra d’effectuer par la suite des expériences sur l’étude du rotateur frappé quantique en présence d’interactions contrôlables
This thesis presents the development of an experimental system based on telecom fiberamplifier technology for the production of 41K Bose-Einstein condensates. The long-termscientific goal of this experiment is to study the Kicked Rotor model in the presenceof tunable interactions. The choice of the 41K isotope was made for two main reasons.First, it is the only bosonic isotope of potassium that has a positive scattering length(which facilitates condensation), and it has accessible Feshbach resonances. Secondly,the wavelengths of the cooling transitions (766.701 and 770.108 nm) can be generatedby frequency doubling from powerful fiber laser sources in the telecom domain. Thisgives the possibility to realize robust, stable and cost effective laser systems for coolingand trapping of potassium.The originality of our laser cooling system is that we generate all the useful frequencies,before the power amplification and frequency doubling steps. We have also developeda frequency stabilization technique and demonstrated its applicability in the coldatom domain, also based on telecom technology, using ro-vibrational transitions of theacetylene molecule. Finally, for the evaporative cooling, in an optical dipole trap, wehave built an original telecom laser system based on power control that does not requireany active element (electro- or acousto-optic modulators) in free space.In parallel with the development of the telecom laser sources, we also developed therest of the experimental system (ultra-high vacuum system, magnetic traps, electronicsystems, etc). This allowed us to implement all the necessary steps towards the Bose-Einstein condensation. Thanks to our laser systems, we magneto-optically trap 3 x 10^(9) atoms. Then, we performed cloud compression and gray molasses stages, using the D1 line, to reach temperatures of 16 µK and phase space densities of ~ 10^(-6). Next, we loaded the atoms into a hybrid trap (magnetic + optical trap), and finally into a crossed optical trap. We observed a condensate of 200 000 atoms in this trap, which will allow us to perform later experiments on the Kicked Rotor model in the presence of controllable interactions

博士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系博士班
101
This research of purpose is using Domain Driven Data Mining related technology discussion medical and the telecommunications two a industry case; discussion medical industry related data main to closed Closed-Loop Data Mining of technology, will academic related research and has clinical experience of professional physician do discussion of judgment, confirmed after of results will became to supporting physician for disease patients of situation developed treatment way of knowledge; also discussion telecommunications industry of related data except to Closed-Loop Data Mining of technology and combined Combined Mining based AKD framework, Reducing the gap in academic and commercial for commercial organizations to bring greater benefits.

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系在職專班
106
In the era of artificial intelligence field rapidly develop, we are always searching for ways in which machines can help the human. And in the field of natural language processing, the intelligent conversational bot is the project that has been highly regarded in recent years. However, it is full of challenges to teach machines how to communicate with humans in order to accomplish a specific task. One of the problems we need to overcome is that during academic research, we often define the explicit characteristic in dialogues of specific field beforehand, then design the situation of the dialogue and collect the dialogue data set. While collecting the data set, intentions lie in the sentences, target vocabulary and its category would be marked. Furthermore, details in the certain conversation such as condition restriction, the ultimate goal, and whether it accomplishes the conversation task or not, would also be marked. This additional information we mark would not appear in real conversation data, hence the data collected this way would be different from actual circumstances. This study is mainly to explore how the Chinese customer service dialogue dataset trains each module in the dialogue system and list out the differences between ideal and actual datasets. In the Chinese dialogue system, the natural language understanding module needs to do the word segment and the Named-Entity Recognition. We improve the Chinese Word Segment module and the Named-Entity Recognition so as to upgrade the efficiency and increase the expansibility. The improved Chinese language understanding module is used to enhance the training deep learning model. Compare to the ordinary natural language understanding module, the effectiveness has been improved.

AbstractOn 24 June 2019, an hour-long outage hit the Dutch emergency number 112 and 0900–8844, the national police telephone line. It was also impossible to contact hospitals, municipalities, and companies for some time. The primary system of KPN – the telecom provider – was out of action while three back-up systems failed. The incident, which according to KPN was probably due to software error, once again revealed the vulnerability of facilities in the physical world to digital failures. It also underlined the report’s central message: the need to be better prepared for incidents involving a digital dimension. These incidents are all the more critical when they are not limited to the digital domain, but have potentially disruptive consequences in the physical world and for confidence in the core institutions of society.

AbstractWith the increasing of the telecom network fraud in China, SMS (Short Message Service) has became an important channel exploited by the criminals to contact victims. Due to the tiny amount compared with normal SMS, the high proportion of malicious adversarial characters, and the lack of knowledge to specific fraud types, it is still challenging to identify the fraud SMS efficiently. In this paper, we firstly conduct a measurement study to explore the characteristics of the fraud SMS. Based on the exploration, we propose a two-stage algorithm called TFC. TFC can quickly filter out normal SMS in the first stage with two indicator functions, and then easily identifies the category of fraud SMS in the second stage by combining the semantic deep features and the domain-knowledge based artificial features. We conduct two real-world SMS datasets for extensive experiments, and the results show that TFC successfully reduces calculation cost and achieves better performance in distinguishing various categories of fraud SMS.

This study aims to develop and assess Explainable AI (XAI) tools tailored for internal telecom end-users. It focuses on delivering meaningful explanations informed by design principles, cognitive biases, and human decision-making theories. The research explores customizing XAI for telecom use-cases to support internal decision-making, while considering user preferences captured through elicitation studies. As part of this PhD study, a prescriptive framework will integrate cognitive biases, design principles, and human decision-making theory to effectively communicate AI explanations to end-users. User studies will be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the prototypes following from the framework.

Social network analysis (SNA) is the analysis of social communication through network and graph theory. In our chapter the application of SNA has been explored in telecommunication domain. Telecom data consist of Customer data and Call Detail Data (CDR). The proposed work, considers the attributes of call detail data and customer data as different relationship types to model our Multi-relational Telecommunication social network. Typical work on social network analysis includes the discovery of group of customers who shares similar properties. A new challenge is the mining of hidden communities on such heterogeneous social networks, to group the customers as churners and non-churners in Telecommunication social network. After the analysis of the available data we constructed a Weights Multi-relational Social Network, in which each relation carry a different weight, representing how close two customers are with one another. The centrality measures depict the intensity of the customer closeness, hence we can determine the customer who influence the other customer to churn.

Abstract In the digital age, few issues are as significant as the one of who controls the Internet. Yet diplomats have largely ignored Cyberspace as a domain for diplomatic activity, choosing to focus instead solely on the use of digital tools for diplomatic purposes. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the issue of Internet governance and related digital matters from the perspective of the North–South divide. Topics include those of Internet freedom vs government control; the international political economy of Internet governance; the clashes between the United States and Chinese telecom company Huawei; the different ways these clashes have played out in one specific area of the Global South, namely Latin America; and the manner in which Brazil has coped with the issue of electronic spying and Internet governance. It also analyses the case of the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA), an initiative of three small countries that has broken new ground.

The expansion of mobile telecoms in the Egyptian market has contributed to different development paradigms. The entry mode and the way telecoms follow to access the Base of the Pyramid market in Egypt identifies which paradigm will take place in the future. Using the case of “My Village Phone,” the authors develop a scenario analysis to explore the linkages between the entry modes and development paradigms. They find that “Pro-poor,” “Para-poor,” “Per-poor,” “Per-poor exports,” and “Networked” are expected to take place if telecoms followed the Base of the Pyramid entry mode. However, they may fail to achieve one or more of these paradigms if they followed different entry modes such as “Capitalists mode,” “Skimming mode,” “Social responsibility mode,” or “Sustainability mode.” This chapter contributes toward a typology of entry modes and development scenarios for mobile telecoms market in general and for mobile microfinance specifically. At the policy level, the authors provide a testable business model for the candidate mobile telecom that looks for holding the fourth mobile license in Egypt. At the theoretical level, they offer a new conceptual framework, the balance of power (Albin, 1997; Jasperson et al., 2002), that is drawn from three social science domains: systems thinking, systemic foresight, and theories of power.