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Publié le 18 mai 2024

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Sirohi, Bhawna, Sushil Beriwal, C. S. Pramesh, Supriya Chopra, Mahesh Goel, Aju Mathew, Vikas S. Ostwal et al. « Comparison of treatment plans feasible through AI enabled multidisciplinary online tumor board solution versus NCCN-based clinical decision support system (CDSS). » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n^o 4_suppl (1 février 2020) : 816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.4_suppl.816.

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816 Background: Multidisciplinary tumor boards at Academic Medical Centers (AMC) maximize cancer outcomes. Guidelines based CDSS are alternatives to determine care pathways. Since 2015, 300 AMC cancer experts in USA and India use an AI enabled online tumor board solution, “NAVYA,” to scale low cost access to multidisciplinary expertise, on 1-2 minutes of expert time per decision (ASCO 2017). Methods: GI patients who used NAVYA between 5/1/15-8/31/19 were analyzed. Actionable treatment plans generated by NAVYA were compared to NCCN. Actionable treatment plans include chemotherapy protocols (doses, frequencies), radiation protocols (sites, fractions), etc. Inactionable specialty level decisions (CT-RT vs. surgery) lack specificity. Results: 1302 patients (4638 treatment decisions) were analyzed: 61% (794) male, 80% between age 45 to 75, mostly with Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Rectum, or Stomach cancer; 49.7% non-metastatic. Cohort was comparable to GLOBOCAN estimates. In 82.2% (3812/4638) decisions, NAVYA added value beyond NCCN. First, in 4.5% (212/4638), NAVYA recommended a patient-specific treatment plan that was not part of NCCN. Second, in 3.2% (148/4638), NAVYA recommended treatments plan for clinical scenarios not covered by NCCN, (for eg. 3rd line therapies). Third, in 74.5% (3452/4638), NAVYA used patient specific criteria including resource constraints and patient preference to choose a treatment plan amongst the multiple pathways provided by NCCN and added actionable treatment details. Conclusions: Guideline based CDSS are insufficient to make the vast majority of actionable treatment decisions. Scaling rapid access to multidisciplinary experts is critical. Leapfrogging existing guidelines based CDSS, NAVYA online tumor board makes actionable expert treatment plans possible at a large scale.

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Pramesh, C. S., Bhawna Sirohi, Shona Milon Nag, Sudeep Gupta, Benjamin O. Anderson, Nancy Renee Feldman, Premal H. Thaker, Sushil Beriwal et Rajendra A. Badwe. « Prospective study of an AI enabled online intervention to increase delivery of guideline compliant cancer care, on the ground. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2020) : 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2011.

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2011 Background: Despite survival benefits of guideline compliant cancer care, under treatment and over treatment are prevalent. Navya is an AI enabled online intervention that matches a patient’s medical record with NCCN and NCG guidelines (National Cancer Grid, India) and layers live multidisciplinary expert review to recommend actionable treatment plans. It was developed to standardize care and mitigate morbidity and mortality, by delivering on-t ime, guideline based expert treatment plans. Methods: From July 2019 to January 2020, all patients who received a Navya treatment plan based on guidelines and live expert review were included. Intended treatment plans were prospectively collected from the patient. Compliance of intended plans with NCCN (including Resource Stratified Framework) or NCG was measured. Noncompliant intended plans were categorized as overtreatment or undertreatment. After delivery of Navya plan, prospective phone follow up assessed whether noncompliant intended plans were changed to guideline compliant care. Results: Of 1707 consecutive patients who received a Navya plan, 1549 intended plans were available. Patients were diverse with respect to geographic, socioeconomic, and primary tumor distribution: West of India: 28%, North: 26%, East: 21%, South: 15%, Central: 7%, International: 3%; 35% of patients with income < $300/month; GI: 23%, Breast: 14%, Head & Neck: 11%, Thoracic: 10%. Of the 1549 intended plans, 441 (28.47% (95% CI ± 0.26%)) were not compliant with NCCN or NCG. Undertreatment was 35%, overtreatment 26%, incomplete staging workup 28% and 11% could not be categorized. Of 441 patients with noncompliant intended plans, 80.19% (± 0.97%) shared the Navya plan with their treating oncologists and 50.40% (± 0.88%) changed their intended plan to receive the Navya treatment plan. Intervention with Navya increased on-the -ground guideline compliance by ~15% (from 71.53% ±0.42% to 85.87% ± 1.73%). Conclusions: Guideline compliant care ensures best achievable clinical outcomes with existing therapies. A technological earthshot that significantly increases adoption of guideline based care is the first step towards cancer moonshots.

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Burton, Jim. « Diagrams for Navya-Nyāya ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 48, n^o 2 (31 janvier 2020) : 229–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-020-09419-0.

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Chatterjee, Amita. « Computational Traits in Navya-Nyāya ? » Sophia 55, n^o 4 (3 novembre 2016) : 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11841-016-0557-6.

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Rai, A. K. « Paksat ? in Navya-ny?ya ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 23, n^o 1 (mars 1995) : 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01062063.

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Joshi, Shalaka P., Lakshmi Ramarajan, Ojas Deshpande, Elizabeth Fernandes, Vaibhav Vanmali, Rohini W. Hawaldar, Sadhana Kannan et al. « A randomized controlled trial of a self-administered, online decision-aid (“Navya Patient Preference Tool”) to reduce decisional conflict in women with early breast cancer. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2020) : 7033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.7033.

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7033 Background: Shared decision making to confront choices with clinical equipoise, has been the privilege of those patients with access to time intensive consults with oncologists. We conducted a randomized controlled trial for breast cancer patients to use an online, self-administered, out-of-the-medical-encounter decision aid (DA) to choose between breast conserving surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. Methods: Navya Patient Preference Tool (Navya PPT) is a multilingual DA based on adaptive conjoint analysis of tradeoffs between cost, adverse effects of radiation, and breast conservation. Prior analysis established high internal reliability and external validity of the Navya PPT. Eligible cT1/2, cN0 breast cancer patients planned for surgery were block randomized, in 1:1:1 ratio, to receive the research questionnaire (RQ) to measure decisional conflict on choice of surgery (control, arm 1), Navya PPT followed by RQ (experimental, arm 2) or Navya PPT followed by RQ administered with key male family member (experimental, arm 3). Groups were stratified with respect to age, socio-economic status (SES) and educational level. The study was powered to detect a decrease in Decisional Conflict Index (DCI) by 0.25 (β-0.8, two sided α- 0.01). Results: Between June 2017 and December 2019, 247/255 patients were randomized to arm 1 (83), arm 2 (84), and arm 3 (80). Median age was 48 years (IQR 23-76), and median pT size was .5 cm (0.5-6 cm). 59% of patients were middle or lower SES and 46.2% had ≤ 12th grade education. DCI was significantly reduced in arm 2 as compared with arm 1 (1.34 vs. 1.65, Cohen’s d 0.49 (± 0.31) p<0.05) as well as in arm 3 as compared with arm 1 (1.30 vs. 1.65, Cohen’s d 0.54 (± 0.31) p<0.05). 80% (± 6%) of patients underwent surgery of choice as determined by Navya PPT. BCS rate was similar in all three arms (85.2, 88.9 and 86.5% respectively (p=0.779). Conclusions: Online, self-administered, adaptive DAs used out of the medical encounter can reduce decisional conflict and increase access to shared decision making for every patient; especially in practices with low doctor to patient ratios. Clinical trial information: IEC/0116/1619/001 .

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Badwe, RA, Premal Thaker, Farzana Begum, Mayukh Acherjee, Gitika Srivastava, Naresh Ramarajan, Shona Nag et al. « Abstract PO4-10-10 : NAVYA-AI enabled intervention to increase real-world guideline compliant care : Improving NGS testing in breast cancer ». Cancer Research 84, n^o 9_Supplement (2 mai 2024) : PO4–10–10—PO4–10–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs23-po4-10-10.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Navya-AI is a validated online cancer informatics solution that combines artificial intelligence based analysis of the guidelines and evidence, along with asynchronous expert review. Navya-AI releases preliminary system-generated opinions for patients whose treatment plans fit high confidence based on NCCN Guidelines and prior expert reviews. Prior research (SABCS 2014-2018 and ASCO 2021 showed: 1) 97% concordance of Navya-AI predictions with an academic medical center in India and in the US 2) 80% of patients implement treatment concordant with Navya-AI recommendations on the ground 3) Navya’s NCCN and evidence-based treatment plans reduce the patient waiting times for an expert opinion by an average by 3.5 days. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is an expensive but necessary method for identifying patients for risk reduction and therapy selection in breast cancer (BC). NGS testing can be over-used or under-used, and compliance with NCCN guidelines on patient selection is especially important in resource-constrained settings and Low Middle Income Countries (LMIC) such as India. The aim of this study is to find the physician compliance to NCCN guidelines on NGS testing in India, and how Navya-AI can identify the opportunity for improved care, and improve compliance with guidelines for optimal care. METHODS: From January 2022 to May 2023, Breast Cancer patients receiving Navya-AI treatment plan (based on guidelines and live expert-review) were analyzed. Patients who could afford NGS testing and targeted therapies, and who met the Enhanced tier of NCCN resource stratified guidelines for their care centers were identified. Their records were screened by Navya-AI to assess if they met NCCN criteria for NGS testing for risk reduction or for treatment selection (young age, positive family history, triple negative breast cancer etc.). Treating physicians were then analyzed if they had ordered NGS appropriately, or had missed an opportunity for NGS (undertreatment), or had over-ordered NGS (overtreatment).RESULTS: 521 BC patients who could afford NGS tests received a Navya-AI plan during this period. Of these, 85% were Indian patients (415/521) and were analyzed. Patients were diverse with respect to age,cancer stage, family history of cancer and histology: Age < 35: 6.7%, 35-50: 33%, 51-65: 43.76%, >65: 16.51%; early stage: 21.5%, locally advanced stage: 29.56%,metastatic stage: 47.79% and benign disease: 1%; positive family history of cancer: 37.35%, triple negative BC: 21.9%. Of 415 indian breast cancer patients who could afford testing, NGS testing was indicated in 69.64% (289/415) as per NCCN guidelines. The treating physician was compliant with NCCN guidelines in only 47.95% (199/415) of the cases: 19.2% (80/415) of the time, NGS was indicated and the treating physician ordered the same; 28.67% (119/415) of the time, NGS was not indicated, and the treating physician did not order NGS. The remaining 52% were not compliant with NCCN. Under-treatment was present in 50.36% (209/415) of cases, and was the vast majority of fallouts. Over-treatment was only present in 1.69% (7/415). In all 50.63% (209/415) cases, where NGS was not ordered by the treating oncologist, but was indicated, and affordable to the patient, Navya requested the patient to discuss the risks/benefits of NGS testing with their treating oncologist. CONCLUSION: NGS testing in BC patients has significant impact on risk-reduction, genetic counseling, choice of surgery, and treatment options for adjuvant therapy. Missed opportunities for NGS testing in more than 50% of the patients who can afford the testing and resultant therapies, points to a signficant area where compliance with guidelines and expert opinions can impact outcomes. A 'Technological Earthshot" that significantly increases adoption of guideline-based care is the first and an easy step towards 'Cancer Moonshots'. Citation Format: RA Badwe, Premal Thaker, Farzana Begum, Mayukh Acherjee, Gitika Srivastava, Naresh Ramarajan, Shona Nag, Sudeep Gupta, Seema Gulia, Jaya Ghosh, Bhawna Sirohi. NAVYA-AI enabled intervention to increase real-world guideline compliant care: Improving NGS testing in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-10-10.

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Basavaraju, Navya, Annamarie Jones et Probal K. Moulik. « Artificial Pancreas – Hybrid Closed Loop : an impending revolution ». Independent Nurse 2024, n^o 4 (2 avril 2024) : 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/indn.2024.4.12.

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Wada, Toshihiro. « Qualifier (visesana) in Navya-nyaya Philosophy ». JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 37, n^o 1 (1988) : 506–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.37.506.

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Ramarajan, Naresh, Farzana Begum et Gitika Srivastava. « BIO19-022 : Reducing Patient Waiting Times for Treatment Decision Making, Helps in Improving the Treatment Planning Process ». Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 17, n^o 3.5 (8 mars 2019) : BIO19–022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2018.7254.

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Background: Availability of care is an important characteristic of effective primary healthcare systems. Imbalanced oncologist to patient ratios (∼1600: 1.8 M in India, ∼23,000: 15 M in USA), impedes access to expertise. On average it takes a week or more to get an online expert review from leading cancer hospitals in the United States and in India. Such delays have an important psychosocial impact on the patient and caregivers. Patients worldwide often race to start treatments at non-expert centers and may experience worse health outcomes from lack of expert tumor board review of their cases. This study aimed to examine the impact of Navya, a health services technology, on reducing the patient wait time in real-time treatment decision making. Methods: Navya generates personalized treatment plans that maps 98.8% within NCCN Resource Stratified Guidelines [SABCS 2017, NCCN 2018]. This is vetted on mobile by oncologists at tertiary centers like TMC NCG to provide expert opinion reports to patients. Since 2015, approximately 25,775 patients from 60 countries have reached out for an online opinion. On the ground, 78% of patients received evidence-based treatments recommended by Navya [ASCO 2017]. The Navya system releases preliminary system-generated opinions for patients whose treatment plans fit high confidence based on NCCN Guidelines and prior expert reviews. The mean reduction in time between a system-generated opinion and an expert-reviewed opinion was studied in a prospective cohort of patients between July 1, 2017, and August 30, 2018. Results: 313 patients received a system-generated treatment plan in the study period. Only approximately 10% of these plans were modified by experts to add additional treatment details since these were cases with high confidence in treatment decision-making. Navya delivered a preliminary treatment plan on an average of 86 hours (SD, 153 hours) prior to the expert response time. Of the 313 patients studied, 44% of patients would have waited an additional 3 days longer to receive an expert-reviewed recommendation. Conclusions: Navya’s NCCN and evidence-based treatment plans reduce the patient waiting times for an expert opinion average by 86 hours. This rapid confirmation of the right treatment plan at the time of patient need has potential to relieve patient anxieties at critical junctures in treatment decision-making and helps improve the treatment-planning process.

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WADA, Toshihiro. « Invariable Concomitance (vypti) in Early Navya-nyaya ». JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 51, n^o 1 (2002) : 442–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.51.442.

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Kr. Mandal, Pradyot. « Some problems of perception in Navya-Nyāya ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 15, n^o 2 (juin 1987) : 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00159716.

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Ghosh, Raghunath. « The Concept of Anumāna in Navya-nyāya ». Studia Humana 12, n^o 1-2 (1 mars 2023) : 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2023-0002.

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Abstract According to the Navya Naiyāyikas, inference is the knowledge, which is produced out of consideration. But what is to be understood by the term ‘consideration’ or ‘parāmarśa’? According to them, parāmarśa or consideration is the factor through the operation of which the inferential conclusion can be attained. Parāmarśa has been defined as the knowledge of the existence of the hetu or reason in the pakṣa or subject, which reason is characterized by its being concomitant with the sādhya, the knowledge in the form of parāmarśa is actually caused by the knowledge of invariable concomitance of probans (hetu) with the probandum (sādhya) and the knowledge of the existence of the hetu in the subject (pakṣa). It has been said by Viśvanātha that the cognition of the existence of probans or hetu in the subject of inference along with the cognition of the prabans or hetu as pervaded by sādhya is called parāmarśa (pakṣasya vyāpyavṛttitvadhīḥ parāmarśa ucyate). The invariable co-existence in the form ‘where there is smoke, there is fire’ is known as vyāpti or invariable concomitance. Here the invariable coexistence (avyabhicārī sāhacarya) between the probans and probandum (i.e., smoke and fire) is the definition of vyāpti. The term ‘co-existence’ means remaining in the same locus of the probans with the probandum, which is not the counter positive of the absolute negation existing in the locus of the hetu. To Gangeśa, the knowledge of the co-existence of the probans and probandum along with the absence of the knowledge of deviation of the probans is the cause of ascertaining vyāpti. Repeated observations, of course, sometimes act as a promoter (prayojaka) in ascertaining vyāpti by removing the doubt of deviation. The doubt of deviation can be removed sometimes by Tarka or sometimes by the absence of the collocation of causes of doubt, which is called svataḥsiddhaḥ. Gangeśa admits sāmānyalakṣaṇā as a pratyāsatti in ascertaining vyāpti between smoke-in-general and fire-in-general. To him, the super-normal connection through universal (sāmānyalakṣaṇā pratyāsatti) has got a prominent role in ascertaining vyāpti. If somebody challenges about the validity of the syllogistic argument in the form “The mountain is fiery as it possesses smoke” (parvato vahnimān dhūmāt), the philosophers of Nyāya and Navya-nyāya persuasion will justify the same with the help of five constituents (avayava-s). The process is called parāthānumāna (syllogistic argument for making others understand). The constituents of a syllogism are proposition (pratijňā), reason (hetu), example (udāharaṇa), application (upanaya), and conclusion (nigamana).

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Badwe, Rajendra A., Pramesh CS, Sudeep Gupta, Nita S. Nair, Nancy Renee Feldman et Anil D'Cruz. « Global impact of a clinical informatics system : Scalable delivery of on-time access to evidence-based multidisciplinary expert treatment decisions for all cancers. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2017) : 6502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6502.

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6502 Background: There is a scarcity of expert oncologists in the world. Patients in nonurban areas have poor access to evidence-based treatment decisions and worse outcomes. In India, there are ~1600 experts for 1.8 Million patients. Created in May 2014, “TMC NCG Navya Online” is an expert opinion service based on an informatics system. We prospectively study its real-world impact. Methods: Navya exhaustively searches and outputs evidence and experience based treatment options for an individual patient. Its accuracy was validated in trials at TMC (one of the world’s largest tertiary care centers) and UCLA-OVMC. Navya’s patient data summary and treatment options are rapidly reviewed and vetted (1-2 minutes) on mobile by experts from TMC and NCG, (consortium of 104 cancer centers in India). Expert decisions are converted into a simple language report for patients. System generated evidence based information on diagnostics, regimens, side effects etc are also provided. To prospectively assess impact, from July to December 2016, all patients were asked via phone follow-up: 1. If report was shared with treating provider, 2. Final treatments delivered. Results: 9361patients from 22 developing countries registered with TMC NCG Navya Online. 3402 expert decisions were provided and converted into 2614 simple language reports. 5229 patients received system generated evidence based information. Median time to deliver a report was 24 hours. The prospective sample was 582 decisions with a 75% (n = 436) follow-up rate. 74% of reports were shared with treating providers. 73% of TMC NCG Navya’s decisions, (n = 306), were the final treatments delivered. Common reasons for non-implementation included decline in ECOG status and not testing biomarkers (ER/PR etc). Conclusions: Expert oncologists use Navya to provide rapid online opinions to patients across 22 developing countries. Patients shared the expert opinions with their providers and received evidence-based treatments. Expanding the reach and impact of such a service to nonurban USA and the world, can maximize outcomes for patients without ready access to expertise.

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Shaw, J. L. « Navya-Nyāya on Subject–Predicate and Related Pairs ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 38, n^o 6 (décembre 2010) : 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-010-9108-6.

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Bharadwaja, V. K. « Implication and entailment in Navya-Ny?ya logic ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 15, n^o 2 (juin 1987) : 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00159717.

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Joshi, Shalaka, Lakshmi Ramarajan, Naresh Ramarajan, Serenity S. Lee, Ojas Deshpande, Elizabeth Fernandes, Mitchelle Engineer et al. « Effectiveness of a Decision Aid Plus Standard Care in Surgical Management Among Patients With Early Breast Cancer ». JAMA Network Open 6, n^o 10 (2 octobre 2023) : e2335941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.35941.

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ImportancePatients with early breast cancer must choose between undergoing breast conservation surgery or mastectomy. This decision is often difficult as there are trade-offs between breast conservation and adverse effects, and women with higher decisional conflict have a harder time choosing the therapy that suits their preferences.ObjectiveTo study the impact of a decision aid with a patient preference assessment tool for surgical decision-making on patients’ decisional conflict scale (DCS) score.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 3-group randomized clinical trial was conducted between June 2017 and December 2019 at a single high-volume tertiary care cancer center in Mumbai, India. A research questionnaire comprising 16 questions answered on a Likert scale (from 1, strongly agree, to 5, strongly disagree) was used to measure DCS scores and other secondary psychological variables, with higher scores indicating more decisional conflict. The Navya Patient Preference Tool (Navya-PPT) was developed as a survey-based presentation of evidence in an adaptive, conjoint analysis-based module for and trade-offs between cosmesis, adverse effects of radiotherapy, and cost of mandatory radiation following breast-conserving surgery. Adult patients with histologically proven early breast cancer (cT1-2, N0-1) who were eligible for breast-conserving surgery as per clinicoradiological assessment were included. Those who were pregnant or unable to read the research questionnaire or who had bilateral breast cancer were excluded. Data were analyzed from January to June 2020.InterventionsPatients were randomized 1:1:1 to study groups: standard care including clinical explanation about surgery (control), standard care plus the Navya-PPT provided to the patient alone (solo group), and standard care plus the Navya-PPT provided to the patient and a caregiver (joint group).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point of the study was DCS score. The study was 80% powered with 2-sided α = .01 to detect an effect size of 0.25 measured by Cohen d, F test analysis of variance, and fixed effects.ResultsA total of 245 female patients (median [range] age, 48 [23-76] years) were randomized (82 to control, 83 to the solo group, and 80 to the joint group). The median (range) pathological tumor size was 2.5 (0-6) cm. A total of 153 participants (62.4%) had pN0 disease, 185 (75.5%) were hormone receptor positive, 197 (80.4%) were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative, 144 (58.6%) were of middle or lower socioeconomic status, and 114 (46.5%) had an education level lower than a college degree. DCS score was significantly reduced in the solo group compared with control (1.34 vs 1.66, respectively; Cohen d, 0.50; SD, 0.31; P &lt; .001) and the joint group compared with control (1.31 vs 1.66, respectively; Cohen d, 0.54; SD, 0.31; P &lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this study demonstrated lower decisional conflict as measured by DCS score following use of the online, self-administered Navya-PPT among patients with early breast cancer choosing between breast-conserving surgery vs mastectomy.Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry of India Identifier: CTRI/2017/11/010480

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Shaw, Jaysankar Lal. « Visvabandhu Tarkatīrtha’s “The Nyāya on True Cognition (pramā)”. Translated from Sanskrit and Bengali with explanatory notes ». RUDN Journal of Philosophy 26, n^o 2 (30 juin 2022) : 259–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2302-2022-26-2-259-284.

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The following publication includes the translation of the paper “The Nyāya on True Cognition (pramā)” by late Mahāmahopādhya pandit Visvabandhu Tarkatīrtha (1916-2006), translated from Sanskrit and Bengali, supplemented with an introduction (including the short biographical note) and additional explanatory notes by J.L. Shaw. The text aims to discuss the Nyāya conception of truth ( pramātva ), which is a property of cognition. According to Gaṅgeśa, the founder of Navya-Nyāya, the truth cannot be considered as a class-essence ( jāti ) because there will be a defect called ‘ sāṅkarya ’ between truth ( pramātv a) and the class-essence perceptual apprehendedness ( sākṣātva ). Visvabandhu Tarkatīrtha has clarified the concepts of truth and true cognition in Navya-Nyāya, explaining the complex character of the partitiveness of truth and introducing the definitions of such characteristics of the object as non-pervasive ( avyāpya-vṛtti ) and pervasive ( vyāpya-vṛtti ). Moreover, he has also claimed that the property of being the qualificand ( viśeṣyakatva ) and the property of being the qualifier ( prakārakatva ) are related by the relation of mutual determiner-determined ( paraspara-nirūpya-nirūpaka ).

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Anrò, Alberto. « Nothing but Gold. Complexities in Terms of Non-difference and Identity. Part 3. Permanence, Properties Plexuses and Subtleties in Mutual Exclusion ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 50, n^o 2 (21 février 2022) : 245–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-021-09498-7.

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AbstractThis paper investigates Vācaspati Miśra’s remarkably complex argumentative architecture in support of non-difference by means of a microsimulation model, the classical gold-crown case. A full range of positions, including instantaneism, transformative continuum, indeterminate common basis reference, difference and non-difference coordination, etc., is put under the scrutiny of the Vācaspati Miśra’s dialectic effort. The possibility of coexistence of multiple properties with a single referent is then formally explored. The analysis is carried out in compliance with the ‘Navya-Nyāya Formal Language’ extensional set-based approach and its non-predicative, and variables free, relational syntax. Repeatable modules and structures of reasoning are identified and designed in the form of hypothesis frameworks, axioms and theorems to allow more accurate inferences, in particular regarding transformation and permanence, together with possible or impossible plexuses of properties. Identity and difference qua mutual absence are thoroughly defined with the aid of these formal tools, which conjointly might cast new light on the heuristic and expressive power of Navya-Nyāya logic, as well as on the theoretical potentialities of the non-dualistic account.

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Desnitskaya, Evgeniya A. « The Introductory Section of Varāhārya’s <i>Maṅgalavāda</i> ; (a MS from IOM, RAS Collection) ». Письменные памятники Востока 20, n^o 1 (3 mai 2023) : 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.55512/wmo112127.

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This article presents an analysis of the introductory section of Varāhāryas Māṅgalavāda, based on the MS housed in the collection of IOM, RAS. The title maṅgalavāda is also a common name for a number of works that belong to the Navya-nyāya tradition. The works of this genre discuss and justify the practice of maṅgala, i.e. auspicious verses at the beginning of a literary or philosophical work. Varāhāryas Māṅgalavāda can be provisionally dated to the 17th century. So far, no references to the works of this author have been discovered, so the MS can be considered unique. The introductory section provides a brief discussion on the effectiveness of the maṅgala practice, and on the cause-and-effect relationship between the maṅgala and its result. Varāhārya makes use of Nyāya terminology, but at the same time considers maṅgala a kind of ritual. Due to its ritual context, the work can be also attributed to the tradition of Navya-mīmāṃṣā. The article provides transliteration and translation of the introductory section, and a facsimile reproduction of the corresponding sheets of the MS.

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Bhattacharyya, Sibajiban. « Some Features of the Technical Language of Navya-Nyaya ». Philosophy East and West 40, n^o 2 (avril 1990) : 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1399225.

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Chakrabarti, Kisor Kumar. « Some Comparisons between Frege's Logic and Navya-Nyaya Logic ». Journal of Indian Philosophy and Religion 21 (2016) : 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jipr2016214.

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Ganeri, Jonardon. « Epistemology in PracÄ«na and Navya NyÄya (review) ». Philosophy East and West 57, n^o 1 (2007) : 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2007.0004.

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Wada, Toshihiro. « A History of Navya-nyāya Study and Its Future : ». Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 65, n^o 3 (2017) : 1073–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.65.3_1073.

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Perrett, Roy W. « A note on the Navya-nyāya account of number ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 13, n^o 3 (septembre 1985) : 227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00163223.

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Khan, Lal. « The Critical view on Navya-Nyaya by Madhva’s Vedanta : A Brief Exposition ». RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, n^o 2 (15 février 2023) : 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n02.017.

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The Madhava tradition of Vedanta was one of the main philosophical systems in South India to be affected by Navya-Nyaya ideas in the early modern era (about 1500-1800). The practise first appeared in the thirteenth century among a group of Brahmins in western Karnataka who revered the Vedic god Visnu-Narayana as the Ultimate Being. In this piece, I look into the interaction between the Navya-Naiyayika Gangesa Upadhyaya and the Madhva savant Vyasatirtha. The article is based on original readings of passages from Tarkataava and Nyayamrta by Vyasatrtha. The paper thoughtfully addresses the problem of vacant terms and non-existent constituents, particularly in relation to the hypothesis of deduction. I begin by outlining where Madhva and Nyaya get their ideas on these topics for their specific analyses of perceptual hallucination. I next compare the portions of Gangesa’s idea found in the Nyayamrta and Tarkataava and demonstrate the many ways in which Vyasatirtha responds to Gangesa’s ideas across both publications. I conclude by discussing how Vyasatirtha defends the Madhava hypothesis of “without substrate” features against Gangesa’s to demonstrate that we are capable of thinking about and drawing meaningful conclusions about things that do not exist.

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HASHIMOTO, Masahiro. « Town Planning Utilizing NAVYA ARMA in Sakai Town, Ibaraki Prefecture ». TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 27, n^o 7 (1 juillet 2022) : 7_22–7_26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.27.7_22.

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Guhe, Eberhard. « The Problem of Foundation in Early Nyāya and in Navya-Nyāya ». History and Philosophy of Logic 36, n^o 2 (8 décembre 2014) : 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01445340.2014.984400.

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Anrò, Alberto. « Nothing But Gold. Complexities in Terms of Non-difference and Identity ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 49, n^o 3 (27 février 2021) : 361–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-021-09463-4.

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AbstractBeginning from some passages by Vācaspati Miśra and Bhāskararāya Makhin discussing the relationship between a crown and the gold of which it is made, this paper investigates the complex underlying connections among difference, non-difference, coreferentiality, and qualification qua relations. Methodologically, philological care is paired with formal logical analysis on the basis of ‘Navya-Nyāya Formal Language’ premises and an axiomatic set theory-based approach. This study is intended as the first step of a broader investigation dedicated to analysing causation and transformation in non-difference.

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Tushir, Sangeeta. « Metaphor as Will-generated Cognition : A Philosophical Analysis ». Innovative Research Thoughts 9, n^o 4 (2023) : 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.36676/irt.2023-v9i4-007.

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Reviewing the point of view of NavyaNyāya Philosophy, we see that there is also a cognitive aspect to desire something. Such intentional desire is found not only in Navya Nyaya but in addition to this in other traditional treatises like Grammar, Alam᷾ ka̅rsa͆stra, Bhațțikavya͆ etc. In Indian literature metaphors (ru̅paka) are used in poetry, literature and anytime when someone wants to add some colour to their language. In metaphor, a person is compared to an object which is not same with him but having some resemblances.

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Iwasaki, Yoichi. « How to Measure a Moment : Navya-nyāya Metaphysics of kṣaṇa ». Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 68, n^o 2 (20 mars 2020) : 1084–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.68.2_1084.

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Anrò, Alberto. « Nothing but Gold : Complexities in terms of Non-difference and Identity. Part 2. Contrasting Equivalence, Equality, Identity, and Non-difference ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 49, n^o 3 (21 avril 2021) : 387–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-021-09464-3.

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AbstractThe present paper is a continuation of a previous one by the same title, the content of which faced the issue concerning the relations of coreference and qualification in compliance with the Navya-Nyāya theoretical framework, although prompted by the Advaita-Vedānta enquiry regarding non-difference. In a complementary manner, by means of a formal analysis of equivalence, equality, and identity, this section closes the loop by assessing the extent to which non-difference, the main issue here, cannot be reduced to any of the former. The following sections of this study will focus on the assessment of the eventual possibility of causation and transformation in non-difference.

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Wada, Toshihiro. « Description/Definition of Absence (abhāva) in Navya-nyāya and ‘Mythical Aspects’ ». Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 68, n^o 1 (20 décembre 2019) : 515–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.68.1_515.

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Bhattacharya, Kamaleswar. « On the Language of Navya-Nyāya : An Experiment with Precision through a Natural Language ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 34, n^o 1-2 (avril 2006) : 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-005-6045-x.

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Wada, Toshihiro. « The Concept of Cause in Early Navya-nyāya : The Definitions of Cause Formulated by Śaśadhara ». Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 66, n^o 1 (20 décembre 2017) : 492–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.66.1_492.

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Williams, Michael. « Mādhva Vedānta at the Turn of the Early Modern Period : Vyāsatīrtha and the Navya-Naiyāyikas ». International Journal of Hindu Studies 18, n^o 2 (août 2014) : 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11407-014-9157-7.

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Ye, Alfred Xuanyu. « Wada, T. (2020) Navya-Nyāya Philosophy of Language, New Delhi : D.K. Printworld. ISBN : 978-81-246-1013-8 ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 48, n^o 5 (14 octobre 2020) : 1019–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-020-09454-x.

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Naik, Sudhir, BL Yatish Kumar, S. Ravishankara, T. Shashikumar, R. Navya et P. Sathya. « Kikuchi's Disease : A Rare Clinical Entity of Cervical Lymphadenopathy with Review of Literature ». An International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Clinics 8, n^o 3 (2016) : 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10003-1241.

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ABSTRACT Background and objectives Kikuchi disease is an uncommon, idiopathic, generally self-limited cause of lymphadenitis. The disease runs a self-limiting course usually resolving in 6 to 8 months of occurrence, with the usual clinical manifestations being cervical lymphadenopathy, with or without systemic manifestations. Materials and methods A retrospective study was done in three cases of Kikuchi disease reported over 2 years. All three females had cervical lymphadenopathy not responding to empirical treatment. All had excision of the lymph nodes with immunohistochemistry, which suggested the necrotizing lymphadenopathy. Other similar diagnoses, like systemic lupus erythematosus, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kawasaki, tuberculous, metastatic lymphadenopathy, were excluded. Conclusion The rare possibility of cervical lymphadenopathy being Kikuchi's disease should be thought if empirical therapy fails. So, a meticulous effort by the pathologist and surgeon helps in diagnosing the self-limiting, little understood disease of Kikuchi in young patients with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever. How to cite this article Naik SM, Kumar BLY, Ravishankara S, Shashikumar T, Navya R, Sathya P. Kikuchi's Disease: A Rare Clinical Entity of Cervical Lymphadenopathy with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):101-105.

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Sabu, Arpitha, Tushar Vora, Vasudev Bhat, Naresh Ramarajan, Farzana Begum, Gitika Srivastava et Shripad Banavali. « Impact Of Online Access To Rare Multidisciplinary Expertise In Pediatric Oncology : Prospective Analysis Of Tmc Ncg Navya Online Expert Opinion Service ». Pediatric Hematology Oncology Journal 3, n^o 3 (2018) : S2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phoj.2018.11.005.

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Navya, Repala R., et GB Shivamurthy. « Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials ». CODS Journal of Dentistry 8, n^o 1 (2016) : 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10063-0004.

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ABSTRACT Aim The success of the root canal treatment mainly depends upon the three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system. The purpose of this study is to compare the sealing ability of biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). Materials and methods Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha using AH PLUS sealer in all groups. The intracanal sealing material used in group I was GIC, group II was MTA, and group III was biodentine. The specimens were longitudinally sectioned. Coronal microleakage was determined under a stereomicroscope using 15× magnification. Data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (Bonferroni). Results Biodentine group leaked significantly less than the GIC group (p < 0.05). The sealing ability of biodentine was better than that of MTA, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion Biodentine or MTA may be preferred over GIC as an intracanal barrier. Clinical significance Biodentine or MTA can be used in areas where an impervious seal has to be obtained. They can also be used to seal the perforations in the coronal middle and apical thirds of the root canal. These materials have an ability to form a barrier during apexification procedures. How to cite this article Navya RR, Shivamurthy GB. Comparing the Sealing Ability of Contemporary Restorative Materials. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):12-15.

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Traina, Tiffany A., Philip W. Kantoff, Matthew J. Matasar, Lara Dunn, Claire Frances Friedman, Martin H. Voss, Andrew David Seidman et al. « Provision of subspecialized expert oncology (SEO) opinions using Navya Cancer Data Model (NCDM), a technology-based platform : Prospective study to facilitate access to care. » Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n^o 15_suppl (20 mai 2021) : 6580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.6580.

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6580 Background: Outcomes for patients (pts) with cancer may vary widely based on accessibility and quality of care. Subspecialized expert care is associated with improved outcomes yet access to this scarce resource is limited. Providing SEO opinions in legacy ways is time-consuming and difficult to scale. We hypothesized that summarizing comprehensive pt records could enhance efficiency of a remote opinion process. In this prospective pilot, oncologists (MDs) at Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) tested the NCDM, a clinically-validated, semi-automated system which abstracts pertinent data elements from medical records into a structured summary to support SEO decision making for remote opinions. Methods: From July to December 2020, 12 MSK MDs provided remote opinions to consecutive pts from an international second opinion service who were specifically seeking MSK expertise. NCDM summaries, with relevant DICOM imaging, were provided to MDs via web and mobile app. MDs answered a brief survey about their experience after each opinion. Time spent to read and respond to an NCDM summary was tracked electronically. Pt feedback was collected by prospective phone follow up. Results: N = 101 remote opinions. Cancer type (N): breast (24), gastrointestinal (15), heme malignancy (14), prostate (12), renal (8), gynecologic (7), head & neck (11), lung (9) and skin (1). 92% MD response rate. Pt characteristics: median age (60 years, range 17-83); stage of disease (early stage 41%, advanced 59%); 86% of pts had received prior treatment. MDs survey responses: median time to complete record review and render opinion = 4.8 min (IQR 2.7 – 7.9 min); NCDM provided adequate information needed to make a decision in this case = 95.7% (89/93); Decision making was easy in this case with data presented in the NCDM format = 96.8% (90/93). Pt survey responses (71/88): 92% shared recommendation with local MD; 87% received the recommended treatment; 99% stated they would recommend a NCDM enabled remote opinion service to others. Conclusions: NCDM summaries enabled subspecialized MSK cancer experts to provide oncology remote opinions with ease. Patients reported high satisfaction with the experience. Technology assisted abstraction and case summary can facilitate access to subspecialized expert opinions at a global scale.

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Surpi, Ni Kadek, et Krisna S. Yogiswari. « Medhātithi Gautama Pendiri Ānvīkṣikī Par Excellence ». Jurnal Penelitian Agama Hindu 5, n^o 4 (29 octobre 2021) : 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37329/jpah.v5i4.1404.

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Medhātithi Gautama is the Founder of Ānvīkṣikī par excellence. Gautama is believed to have written the Nyāya-Sūtra (Rules of Logic) in 550 BC, which are considered the earliest writings of the Indian system of logic. Ānvīkṣikī is the science of critical study, reasoning, and debate that has developed since ancient times in the building of Vedic knowledge. Ānvīkṣikī as a light of knowledge, support for dharma, and even as a means of liberation. Medhātithi Gautama has constructed Indian logic's structure, inherited and developed by later thinkers, with many written works. Today, Ānvīkṣikī's knowledge can be traced to the writings of Mahamahopadhyaya Satis Chandra Vidyabhusana (1920) and other writers, albeit in limited numbers. While in Indonesian, this article is a pioneer of Medhātithi Gautama's work and thoughts in Hindu logic. This article is a text study, using content analysis, providing new interpretations and meanings. The author integrates his text research style with new techniques in Hindu writing from Mīmāṃsā to Navya-Nyāya styles to obtain fresh and new perspectives and thoughts. This study shows that Ānvīkṣikī is a significant subject in Hindu philosophy and has the potential to become a new field of research in the realm of philosophy in Indonesia. The limited access to reading sources and research results in Indonesia seem to make the study of Hindu philosophy have not experienced much development in recent years. Therefore, efforts are needed to study classical texts and teachings so that they can be written and interpreted to be used as a basis for learning various sub-fields of philosophy. Besides, learning Ānvīkṣikī will strengthen reasoning power, critical thinking skills, debate, and discussion. This ability seems very important to be developed to strengthen the position of Hindu scholarship and build a group of Jñānī (scientists, thinkers, writers, One who pursues the path of jñāna, or knowledge) in the Hindu community.

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Guhe, Eberhard. « Killing Gently by Means of the śyena : The Navya-Nyāya Analysis of Vedic and Secular Injunctions (vidhi) and Prohibitions (niṣedha) from the Perspective of Dynamic Deontic Logic ». Journal of Indian Philosophy 49, n^o 3 (18 mars 2021) : 421–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-021-09465-2.

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Vora, Tushar, Nehal Khanna, Anant Gokarn, Ann Rawat, Naresh Ramarajan, Gitika Srivastava et Usha Thorat. « Abstract P3-16-02 : Enhancing impact and efficiency of financial support for cancer through use of AI : A nascent initiative of Indian cancer society ». Cancer Research 82, n^o 4_Supplement (15 février 2022) : P3–16–02—P3–16–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p3-16-02.

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Abstract Background: Since 2011, Indian Cancer Society-Cancer Cure Fund (ICS-CCF), established through donations of mutual fund dividends, has funded $27 million in treatment costs for 9800 underprivileged patients. For governance, a Due Diligence Team (DDT) of cancer experts from academic tertiary centers reviewed every planned treatment and authorized covering the treatment costs for evidence-based care. Since expert time is scarce, in 2019, ICS-CCF introduced NAVYA AI (AI) system to scale the prior authorization operation. AI is a clinically validated system that matches clinical data with evidence and expert recommended treatment options. The system can adapt to institutional guidelines such as ICS-CCF authorization criteria on published survival rates. In this prospective study, we explore application of AI in prior authorization, by assessing concordance with DDT expert decisions and potential time savings. Methods: Clinical data of beneficiaries were input in AI and if the output treatment options matched the planned treatment, the application was authorized, otherwise rejected. If AI did not output a decision, the application was deferred to DDT. Concordance between AI and DDT decisions, and DDT time spent on deferred applications, weremeasured. Results: From April 22nd, 2020 to June 9th, 2021, 1994 beneficiary applications were simultaneously reviewed by AI and DDT, of which 601 (30%) were breast cancer patients. AI “authorized” (1563/1994) or “rejected” (16/1994), 79.18% (1579/1267) of applications; and “deferred” 20.81% (415/1994) of applications. AI and DDT were 99.37% (1553/1563) concordant to authorize and 100% (16/16) concordant to reject a beneficiary application. DDT spent an average of 3.4 minutes/deferred application. Conclusions: A clinically validated AI system, 99% concordant with cancer experts in authorizing or rejecting 79% of beneficiary applications, promises a fivefold decrease in experts’ time, the scarcest resource for preauthorization. Subsequent to this study, ICS-CCF is awarding financial support directly based on AI authorize decisions. Similarly, health insurance organizations may consider a prospective study of the AI system in raising quality and efficiency of prior authorization thereby saving cost of time, money and expertise. Citation Format: Tushar Vora, Nehal Khanna, Anant Gokarn, Ann Rawat, Naresh Ramarajan, Gitika Srivastava, Usha Thorat. Enhancing impact and efficiency of financial support for cancer through use of AI: A nascent initiative of Indian cancer society [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-16-02.

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Adebukola, Adegoke Adebukola, Achen Navya Navya, Foreman Jordan Jordan, Nwaobi Jenifer Jenifer et Richard D. Begley. « Cyber Security as a Threat to Health Care ». Journal of Technology and Systems 4, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2022) : 32–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jts.1149.

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Purpose: Cyber security incidents are posing an increasing risk to the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its most important stakeholder (patients), and hospitals must now invest significant capital and effort in protecting their systems. The goal of this research was to understand the complexities of the operating environment as well as document the technological vulnerabilities to avoid cybersecurity incidents. The eight Aggregated Response Strategies (EARS) framework contains 8 methodologies, which could be used by all the personnel in medical services associations. The secondary hypothesis derived out of this research was the six-step plans introduced by the American Health Association, which aided in ensuring cybersecurity with facilities and organizations in cases of potential threat. Methodology: The methodology used to derive this hypothesis was through literary reviews, which constituted research articles, journals, and peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2021. These were obtained from PubMed, Google scholar, NCBI, ScienceDirect, CDC.gov, CMS.gov, and Census.gov databases. Finding: The finding suggested overall security awareness and training must be established immediately after a potential threat is detected. Authorities advise against paying ransomware attackers since there is no assurance that an attack will be reversed, Law enforcement should be immediately contacted in the event of a ransomware attack besides cloud data backups will make it simple to rebuild networks, disaster recovery planning should be done before a cybersecurity threat occurs. Cyber Security as a Threat to Health Care Adegoke Adebukola, Achen Navya, Foreman Jordan, Nwaobi Jenifer, Richard D. Begley Marshall University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Building Corresponding Author’s Email: adegoke@marshall.edu ABSTRACT Purpose: Cyber security incidents are posing an increasing risk to the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry has lagged behind other industries in protecting its most important stakeholder (patients), and hospitals must now invest significant capital and effort in protecting their systems. The goal of this research was to understand the complexities of the operating environment as well as document the technological vulnerabilities to avoid cybersecurity incidents. The eight Aggregated Response Strategies (EARS) framework contains 8 methodologies, which could be used by all the personnel in medical services associations. The secondary hypothesis derived out of this research was the six-step plans introduced by the American Health Association, which aided in ensuring cybersecurity with facilities and organizations in cases of potential threat. Methodology: The methodology used to derive this hypothesis was through literary reviews, which constituted research articles, journals, and peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2021. These were obtained from PubMed, Google scholar, NCBI, ScienceDirect, CDC.gov, CMS.gov, and Census.gov databases. Finding: The finding suggested overall security awareness and training must be established immediately after a potential threat is detected. Authorities advise against paying ransomware attackers since there is no assurance that an attack will be reversed, Law enforcement should be immediately contacted in the event of a ransomware attack besides cloud data backups will make it simple to rebuild networks, disaster recovery planning should be done before a cybersecurity threat occurs.

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« Technical Terms of Navya-Nyāya Language and its Methodology ». Regular Issue 4, n^o 10 (15 juin 2020) : 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijmh.j0978.0641020.

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The Navya-Nyāya language1 (Neo-logic) exhibit one of the purest languages of human intellect. It has been assists India’s intellectual academic culture and traditions. From the 10th Century AD Navya-Naiyāyikas emphasized one-step further in intelligentsia and came out with a precise technical language which is a special form of Sanskrit-delimits ultimate mining of each and every word and capture reality as it is, destroy Jalpa and Vitaṇdā kind of dialogues in intellectual countering amid different school of thoughts. Since Navya-Nyāya language is a peculiar language based on logic-thought and reality invented by Great Indian logicians that is why it has been treated an artificial language as well. Due to unique features of Navya-Nyāya language many traditional philosophical problems have been scientifically clarified and resolved. Navya-Nyāya methodology proved to be so multifaceted not just for philosophers, but also in poetics, linguistics, legal theories, and other domains of medieval Indian thought process. Apart from philosophers, Navya-Nyāya style of writing has also been adapted by grammarians, aestheticians and the scholars of rhetoric and poetry. The reason for this could be the ease of putting one’s views methodologically and unambiguously when using Navya-Nyāya language for universal thinking. Navya-Nyāya made the evolution that there was Navya-Vyākaraṇa, Navya-Mīmāṁsā and Navya-Vedānta’s new school of thoughts arose. These terms came into configuration only because of Navya-Nyāya and these other schools followed the footsteps of Navya-Nyāya very systematically. The focus of modern Navya-Nyāya was to define terms in a precise and particular manner and then to formulate or emerge a language which may be called ‘the precise medium of communication’. It was necessary to evolve a new or should we say an artificial language to do away with the possible ambiguity, which is a basic quality of any natural language. Since natural language cannot be totally ambiguity-free, NavyaNyāya can serve the academic needs. To understand our Indian Intellectual Traditions in medieval period or the actual meaning of our Śāstras written after 10 th century AD, this NavyaNyāya language and Methodology is highly efficient device. Without proper knowledge of Navya-Nyāya, intellectual development of aforementioned period cannot be properly known. Hence, this, paper would try to revive the basic features of Navya-Nyāya by analysing its technical terms so that it could serve contemporary academic needs and so on.

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-, MD SELIM REZA. « A Critical Apraisal of the Concept of Natural Epistemology – from the Perspective of Navya Nyaya Philosophy ». International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, n^o 1 (27 janvier 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i01.1491.

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The connotation of the term “epistemology” is the science of knowledge. While science having two broad branches i.e., normative and positive, knowledge comes under the normative perspective. Thus normative concept of epistemology is although disregarded by many philosophers like Quine, however Quine’s theory was later criticized by Colin McGuinn. In my paper I have first explained some points of Quine’s theory from the perspective of Navya Nyaya and then made a comparative analysis of Quine’s theory and Navya Nyaya theory of knowledge. Finally, I have come to the conclusion that, logically true sentence i.e., analytic statement is established by inference, which is claimed both by Quine and Navya Nyaya.

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Pratama, Stiven Fransisco, Mochamad Nurhadi, Chitra Laksmi Rithmaya et Nurcholis Setiawan. « THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, WORK DISCIPLINE, WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN PT. NAVYA RETAIL INDONESIA ». Buletin Studi Ekonomi, 8 février 2023, 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bse.2023.v28.i01.p10.

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Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, disiplin kerja dan lingkungan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel jenuh dengan total responden 73 karyawan pada PT. Navya Retail Indonesia Cabang Surabaya. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, sedangkan disiplin kerja tidak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan, dan lingkungan kerja tidak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. Implikasi penelitian ini bagi PT. Navya Retail Indonesia adalah memperhatikan aspek gaya kepemimpinan agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja karyawannya.

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Rajyaguru, Jaydev Dhirubhai. « IN THE NAVYA-NYĀYA PHILOSOPHY TYPES OF WORDS : ACCORDING TO DINAKARĀCĀRYAḤ ». Towards Excellence, 30 juin 2022, 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37867/te140216.

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In this research paper we will know how many types of the word do exist in navya-nyāya philosophy. Which are traditions in Indian philosophy. What are the definitions of the word according to logician and grammarian. Extraordinary style of getting meaning of the words. From the grammar and tradition which are the difference of words. The research will acknowledge your formation of the word according to grammar. In this research paper, we will know four types of words and their explanation. The research will make sure us that how great knowledge dinakarācārya had. And what are the benefits to learn types of words according to dinakarācārya.

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Trivedi, Mittal. « Creating Tradition Through Interposition Exploring the Foundation of the lakāra in the Tiṅanta Section of the Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī and the Prakriyākaumudī ». Bhasha, n^o 1 (26 juin 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/bhasha/2785-5953/2023/01/003.

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As the progenitor of Navya Vyākaraṇa, the Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī by Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita is known for its prakriyā-based approach to Pāṇinian grammar. However, the Prakriyākaumudī by Rāmacandra Śeṣa has already established a precedent for a creative presentation of prakriyā. The present study aims to assess the innovation, structural integrity, and cohesiveness of these texts using the initial four sūtras of the tiṅanta section which develop the concept of the lakāra. The commentaries by Viṭṭhala and Jñānendra Sarasvati help to understand the progression of these concepts as the texts disseminated into the Sanskrit world.

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