Thèses : « Tartaro »

1

Metlica, Alessandro. « Giovan Battista Casti, "Il poema tartaro". Edizione critica e commento ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423629.

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My thesis is a critical edition of the Poema tartaro by the libertine abbot Giovan Battista Casti (1724-1803). This work is a long octave poem, which satirizes, in accordance with the rules of the mock-heroic genre, Catherine II’s Russian court, where the author lived for years (1776-1779) as a member of the Hapsburg diplomacy. Although Casti was the Austrian court’s official poet, his work never received the authorization to be printed: the emperor Joseph II, after his 1781 alliance with Russia, forbade in fact the publication of a poem whose theme was explicitly against his new ally. Still, Casti’s text circulated widely in form of both manuscript copies and unauthorised (as well as defective) printed ones. A thorough analysis of these materials led to main findings: the version of the poem that Casti realized for the emperor in 1786, including 84 new stanzas, missing in the nineteenth-century pirate printed editions of the poem. Along with the critical edition of the text, my thesis provides a broad commentary on the poem. The commentary is essential in order to illustrate the different perspectives from which the text can be approached. Sure enough, one of the components peculiar to the Poema Tartaro is the continuous overlap of elements that draw on different historical moments: even if the main scenery of the plot is the thirteenth-century Mongolian Empire, ruled by Genghis Khan, there are in fact several references to the nineteenth-century Russia of Catherine II. This strategy aims to present Russia allegorically as a country of perennial savagery. Depicting Petersburg as if it were the lost city of Karakorum and the czarina Catherine as a despotic and “oriental” sovereign, Casti contrasts the French Illuminists’ vision (in particular Voltaire’s) of nineteenth-century Russia as a model for the European Enlightenment. The thesis is completed by an index of the different historical transvestisms used by Casti to assign to every character in Catherine’s court a counterpart in the Mongolian scenery. Furthermore, the index is conceived as a tool to analyse the correlated controversies that inform the whole poem.
Il presente lavoro consiste nell’edizione critica del Poema tartaro dell’abate libertino Giovan Battista Casti (1724-1803). Si tratta di una lunga narrazione in ottave che, secondo i dettami del genere eroicomico, offre una satira della corte di Caterina II di Russia, che l’autore aveva visitato tra il 1776 e il 1779 al seguito del corpo diplomatico absburgico. Il testo non approdò mai a una stampa autorizzata da Casti: l’alleanza firmata da Austria e Russia nel 1781 convinse l’imperatore Giuseppe II, presso cui l’abate si era collocato come poeta di corte, a proibire la pubblicazione del poema, che circolò a lungo manoscritto oppure in stampe incomplete e difettose. Un esame puntuale di questa tradizione ha condotto all’isolamento del codice che Casti fece redigere per la lettura imperiale del 1786 e all’acquisizione di 84 ottave assenti dalle stampe ottocentesche. All’edizione criticamente condotta di questi materiali segue un ampio commento, teso a illustrare i molteplici livelli di lettura del testo. Peculiarità del Tartaro, infatti, è la permeabilità tra XVIII e XIII secolo, tra Russia cateriniana e Impero mongolo: la vicenda, pur essendo ricca di allusioni alla politica e alla vita di corte sotto Caterina, è trasportata allegoricamente ai tempi di Gengis Khan, al fine di mostrare lo stato di perenne barbarie della società russa. Ritraendo Pietroburgo come la perduta Karakorum, e Caterina come una sovrana dispotica e “orientale”, Casti si poneva in contradditorio con Voltaire e con gli illuministi francesi, che nella Russia cateriniana avevano visto, al contrario, un punto di riferimento per l’Europa dei Lumi. Il nostro lavoro riporta, in appendice, l’indice dei travestimenti storici predisposto dall’autore, e utilizza questi materiali per un esame rigoroso degli obiettivi polemici del poema.

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2

Huang, Tingyu Tina, et 黄亭语. « Systematic review : effect of tartary buckwheat in controlling blood cholesterol ». Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937298.

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3

Biancucci, Nico. « Valutazione delle proteine in tartare di pesce trattate ad alte pressioni ». Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18567/.

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Il presente elaborato ha avuto lo scopo di valutare l’effetto dell’applicazione delle alte pressioni idrostatiche (HHP) sulla solubilità delle proteine sarcoplasmatiche e totali di tartare di cefalo e mazzancolla, valutandone il cambiamento durante la conservazione refrigerata protratta per 35 giorni o fino al raggiungimento di 7 Log UFC/g di batteri mesofili totali. In seguito allo scongelamento, cefali e mazzancolle sono stati ridotti in frammenti e confezionati sottovuoto. Successivamente, i prodotti confezionati ottenuti da ciascuna delle due materie prime considerate, sono stati suddivisi in quattro gruppi sperimentali: uno non trattato mentre gli altri sottoposti ad HHP alla pressione di 400, 500 e 600 MPa. Trascorsi 1, 6, 9, 14, 21, 28 e 35 giorni dall’applicazione del trattamento è stata determinata la solubilità delle proteine sarcoplasmatiche e totali. L’applicazione delle HHP su tartare di cefalo e mazzancolla consente di allungarne notevolmente la shelf-life microbica, soprattutto con trattamenti a pressioni elevate (600 MPa). Tuttavia, è stato osservato un notevole effetto negativo sulla solubilità delle frazioni sarcoplasmatiche e totali, molto presumibilmente associato ai fenomeni di ossidazione. Dal confronto fra le due matrici considerate (cefalo e mazzancolla), emerge che la solubilità delle proteine sarcoplasmatiche e miofibrillari dei macinati di mazzancolla è meno influenzata dal trattamento con HHP e quindi si adatta meglio all’impiego di questa tecnologia; al contrario i macinati di cefalo hanno presentato una riduzione notevole della funzionalità proteica. In generale, è stato confermato che i prodotti ittici dotati di un tenore di lipidi ed emepigmenti molto ridotto, come i crostacei (es. mazzancolla), sono più adatti ad essere sottoposti a trattamento con le HHP che ne rallenta i fenomeni degradativi durante la successiva fase di conservazione refrigerata.

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4

Riggs, Nathan D. « The Death and Subsequent Decomposition of the Vegetable Lamb of Tartary ». Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332007560.

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5

AraÃjo, Eduardo Barbosa. « Hidrogeno tartarato de potÃssio sob condiÃÃes extremas ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5327.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
Cristais de hidrogeno tartarato de potÃssio (KHT) foram estudados por AnÃlise TÃrmica â Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) e AnÃlise TermogravimÃtrica (TGA) â e espectroscopia Raman com a variaÃÃo de parÃmetros termodinÃmicos na regiÃo espectral entre 30 e 3400 cm-1. A classificaÃÃo dos modos foi feita com base em compostos similares. Os estudos de DSC foram realizados no intervalo de temperatura de 90 a 671 K enquanto os de TG entre 303 a 573 K. Os experimentos de espectroscopia Raman foram realizados entre as temperaturas de 10 a 448 K. Os resultados revelaram que o material apresenta uma estrutura termicamente estÃvel durante todo o intervalo estudado atÃ a sua decomposiÃÃo (prÃxima a 520 K) que ocorre sem fusÃo. Os experimentos com altas pressÃes (0,0 a 6,5 GPa) revelaram indÃcios fortes de que o material sofre uma transiÃÃo de fase prÃxima a 2,4 GPa e uma segunda transiÃÃo prÃxima a 6,3 GPa. MudanÃas na regiÃo dos modos da rede dÃo suporte Ã afirmaÃÃo. Modos relacionados Ã unidade CO2- apresentaram mudanÃas em seu comportamento nesses valores de pressÃo. As mudanÃas ocorridas se mostraram reversÃveis com a reduÃÃo Ã pressÃo ambiente.

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Araújo, Eduardo Barbosa. « Hidrogeno tartarato de potássio sob condições extremas ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/11922.

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ARAÚJO, Eduardo Barbosa. Hidrogeno tartarato de potássio sob condições extremas. 2010. 91 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010.
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Cristais de hidrogeno tartarato de potássio (KHT) foram estudados por Análise Térmica – Calorimetria Diferencial de Varredura (DSC) e Análise Termogravimétrica (TGA) – e espectroscopia Raman com a variação de parâmetros termodinâmicos na região espectral entre 30 e 3400 cm-1. A classificação dos modos foi feita com base em compostos similares. Os estudos de DSC foram realizados no intervalo de temperatura de 90 a 671 K enquanto os de TG entre 303 a 573 K. Os experimentos de espectroscopia Raman foram realizados entre as temperaturas de 10 a 448 K. Os resultados revelaram que o material apresenta uma estrutura termicamente estável durante todo o intervalo estudado até a sua decomposição (próxima a 520 K) que ocorre sem fusão. Os experimentos com altas pressões (0,0 a 6,5 GPa) revelaram indícios fortes de que o material sofre uma transição de fase próxima a 2,4 GPa e uma segunda transição próxima a 6,3 GPa. Mudanças na região dos modos da rede dão suporte à afirmação. Modos relacionados à unidade CO2- apresentaram mudanças em seu comportamento nesses valores de pressão. As mudanças ocorridas se mostraram reversíveis com a redução à pressão ambiente.

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7

Dullea, John Gerard. « The decrees of the ecumenical councils of the Middle Ages regarding jews, muslims and tartars / ». Romae, 2007. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000253512.

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8

Tsuji, Koji. « Original birthplace of cultivated Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.)revealed by RAPD and AFLP markers ». Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150759.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第8987号
農博第1169号
新制||農||819(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3506(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-F317
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授大西近江, 教授遠藤隆, 教授谷坂隆俊
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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9

Boutahir, Siham <1981&gt. « Nuove biotenologie per la produzione di piante micorrizate con tartufo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5646/1/tesi_definitiva_siham_AZ.pdf.

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Il lavoro svolto durante questa tesi di dottorato pone le basi per lo sviluppo di nuove biotecnologie della micorrizazione di piante forestali con tartufi pregiati ed in particolare con Tuber magnatum. Durante questa tesi è stato possibile isolare e mantenere in coltura pura il micelio di T. magnatum, ad ottenere e descrivere le sue micorrize e quelle di altri tartufi “bianchi” (T. oligospermum, T. borchii) e a seguire l’evoluzione del micelio nel suolo utilizzando la tecnica della real time PCR. Sono stati disegnati primer specie specifici in grado di identificare T. oligospermum ed è stata verificata la possibiltà di utilizzare questi primers in PCR multiplex con quelli specifici di T. magnatum e di T. borchii già presenti in bibliografia, al fine di “scovare” sia frodi nella commercializzaione degli ascomi sia eventuali contaminazioni nelle piante micorrizate. Per migliorare lo sviluppo miceliare di tartufo abbiamo si è cercato di migliorare il mezzo nutritivo per la crescita del micelio utilizzando: fonti di carbonio diverse, estratti radicali di nocciolo e singole frazioni separate dagli stessi. Infine sono stati sviluppati protocolli di crioconservazione per miceli di tartufo. Gli estratti radicali sono in grado di stimolare le crescita miceliare del tartufo modello T. borchii e dimodificarne la morfologia ifale. Questo risultati sono stati confermati anche dall’aumento dell’espressione di geni CDC42 e Rho-GDI, due geni legati alla crescita apicale polarizzata delle ife dei funghi filamentosi. Inoltre è stato dimostrato che il mantenimento in coltura per numerosi anni dei miceli di tartufo provoca una perdita della capacità d’infettare le radici delle piante e quindi il loro potenziale utilizzo sia a scopo sperimentale sia a scopo colturale. Questo pone in risalto l’importanza della conservazione a lungo termine del materiale biologico a disposizione ed è stato dimostrato che la crioconservazione è applicabile con successo anche alle specie del genere Tuber.
In this PhD thesis we have developed new biotechnologies for the mycorrhizal synthesis of forest plants with precious truffles and in particular with T. magnatum. We have isolated and kept in pure culture the mycelium T. magnatum for the first time. We have obtained and described its mycorrhizas and the mycorrhizas of other similar white truffles (T. oligospermum, T. borchii). We have also follow the development of its mycelium in the pot using the real time PCR technique. We have designed specific primers for T. oligospermum identification and we have verified the possibility to use these primers in PCR multiplex in combination with T. magnatum and T. borchii primers reported in literature. Using these primers we are able to discover frauds in truffle commercialization or contaminations in commercial mycorrhized plants. In order to increase the growth of T. magnatum mycelium we tested different media containing different C sources , hazel root extracts and fractions of theses roots extracts. We have also developed new protocols for the cryopreservation of truffle mycelia. We found that the root extracts stimulate the mycelial growth of the model fungus T. borchii and also modify the its hyphal morphology. These results are confirmed by an increased expression of the genes CDC42 e Rho-GDI, which are involved in apical growth of filamentous fungi. Moreover we showed that long term cultivation on synthetic media (for more than 10 years) of truffle mycelia lose their infectivity and perhaps they cannot be successfully used for the commercial and experimental production of mycorrhized plants. Thus our results confirm the importance of the cryopreservation methods for long term vitality and infectivity preservation of Tuber mycelia.

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Boutahir, Siham <1981&gt. « Nuove biotenologie per la produzione di piante micorrizate con tartufo ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5646/.

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Il lavoro svolto durante questa tesi di dottorato pone le basi per lo sviluppo di nuove biotecnologie della micorrizazione di piante forestali con tartufi pregiati ed in particolare con Tuber magnatum. Durante questa tesi è stato possibile isolare e mantenere in coltura pura il micelio di T. magnatum, ad ottenere e descrivere le sue micorrize e quelle di altri tartufi “bianchi” (T. oligospermum, T. borchii) e a seguire l’evoluzione del micelio nel suolo utilizzando la tecnica della real time PCR. Sono stati disegnati primer specie specifici in grado di identificare T. oligospermum ed è stata verificata la possibiltà di utilizzare questi primers in PCR multiplex con quelli specifici di T. magnatum e di T. borchii già presenti in bibliografia, al fine di “scovare” sia frodi nella commercializzaione degli ascomi sia eventuali contaminazioni nelle piante micorrizate. Per migliorare lo sviluppo miceliare di tartufo abbiamo si è cercato di migliorare il mezzo nutritivo per la crescita del micelio utilizzando: fonti di carbonio diverse, estratti radicali di nocciolo e singole frazioni separate dagli stessi. Infine sono stati sviluppati protocolli di crioconservazione per miceli di tartufo. Gli estratti radicali sono in grado di stimolare le crescita miceliare del tartufo modello T. borchii e dimodificarne la morfologia ifale. Questo risultati sono stati confermati anche dall’aumento dell’espressione di geni CDC42 e Rho-GDI, due geni legati alla crescita apicale polarizzata delle ife dei funghi filamentosi. Inoltre è stato dimostrato che il mantenimento in coltura per numerosi anni dei miceli di tartufo provoca una perdita della capacità d’infettare le radici delle piante e quindi il loro potenziale utilizzo sia a scopo sperimentale sia a scopo colturale. Questo pone in risalto l’importanza della conservazione a lungo termine del materiale biologico a disposizione ed è stato dimostrato che la crioconservazione è applicabile con successo anche alle specie del genere Tuber.
In this PhD thesis we have developed new biotechnologies for the mycorrhizal synthesis of forest plants with precious truffles and in particular with T. magnatum. We have isolated and kept in pure culture the mycelium T. magnatum for the first time. We have obtained and described its mycorrhizas and the mycorrhizas of other similar white truffles (T. oligospermum, T. borchii). We have also follow the development of its mycelium in the pot using the real time PCR technique. We have designed specific primers for T. oligospermum identification and we have verified the possibility to use these primers in PCR multiplex in combination with T. magnatum and T. borchii primers reported in literature. Using these primers we are able to discover frauds in truffle commercialization or contaminations in commercial mycorrhized plants. In order to increase the growth of T. magnatum mycelium we tested different media containing different C sources , hazel root extracts and fractions of theses roots extracts. We have also developed new protocols for the cryopreservation of truffle mycelia. We found that the root extracts stimulate the mycelial growth of the model fungus T. borchii and also modify the its hyphal morphology. These results are confirmed by an increased expression of the genes CDC42 e Rho-GDI, which are involved in apical growth of filamentous fungi. Moreover we showed that long term cultivation on synthetic media (for more than 10 years) of truffle mycelia lose their infectivity and perhaps they cannot be successfully used for the commercial and experimental production of mycorrhized plants. Thus our results confirm the importance of the cryopreservation methods for long term vitality and infectivity preservation of Tuber mycelia.

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Xie, Wei. « Thermodynamic and structural studies of aqueous chelating agents and their metal complexes at various temperatures and pressures : diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and tartaric acid / ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0030/MQ47491.pdf.

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12

Basaran, Tolga Yener. « Ion Exchangers In The Recovery Of Tartaric Acid From Aqueous Solutions ». Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607367/index.pdf.

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Tartaric acid is a dicarboxylic acid naturally present in grapes, and has many application areas with its salts. It can be produced synthetically, manufactured as a by-product in wine industry, or can be recovered by electrodialysis and solvent extraction methods. Since, ion exchange is one of the oldest processing techniques for the recovery and purification of valuable materials, it can be applied to obtain this valuable organic acid. In this study it is aimed to investigate the effects of resin basicity, initial concentration, and initial pH of the solution on ion exchange equilibrium. The model tartaric acid solutions were prepared for the equilibrium analysis with two different anion exchange resins in a batch type system. A shaker bath at 28 oC with 300-rpm agitation rate was used. The weakly basic resin Lewatit MP62, and strongly basic resin Lewatit M511, which are in polystyrene structure, was obtained from the producer Bayer AG. In the analysis, Shimadzu PDA Detector at 210 nm with Waters Atlantis dC18 column was used. 20 mM NaH2PO4 at pH = 2.7 was introduced to the HPLC as the mobile phase at 0.5 ml/min flow rate. In the investigation of the resin basicity, MP62 presented better performance than M511. The equilibrium experiments were performed at three different initial acid concentrations (0.01, 0.02, and 0.10 M) for both resin, and in the pH ranges pH <
pKa1, pKa1 <
pH <
pKa2, and pKa2 <
pH for weakly basic resin, and in the pH ranges pH <
pKa1, pKa1 <
pH <
pKa2 for strongly basic resin at each concentration. Results show that the pH of the solution is a more important parameter than the initial concentration that affects the ion exchange equilibrium. Also, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were plotted, and it was shown that they were in good agreement with the experimental data especially for the systems that are at low total ion concentrations.

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Bakka, Thomas Aleksander. « Synthesis and Mechanistic Studies of Optically Active Tartaric Acid Based Surfactants ». Thesis, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskaplige Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20995.

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Gaining knowledge of the isomerization mechanisms are of pivotal importancefor stereochemically pure synthesis. Optically pure tartaric acid basedsurfactants are seen as important precursors for optically active superstructures.From these superstructures, liposomes are known canditates for drugdelivery nanovessels in the human body.A number of optically pure reference compounds were synthesized and severalanalysis methods were outlined.A mechanistic route for formation of cyclic tartrimides in nonpolar solvents have beenproposed on the background of various mechanistic assessment techniques.

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Lopez, Martinez Marco Antonio. « Studies of tartaric acid modified nickel supported catalysts for enantioselective hydrogenation reactions ». Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1491/.

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This thesis investigates the catalytic properties of tartaric acid‐nickel supported catalysts, obtained from hydrotalcite‐like compound precursors, in the enantioselective hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate to methyl 3‐hydroxybutyrate. Variables of reaction during modification such as pH and tartaric acid concentration, as well as Ni particle size above a minimum threshold of ca. 20 nm, proved not to have a major effect on enantioselectivity. However, the nature of the cations constituting the catalyst support was found to influence the enantioselectivity observed. Specifically, when iron or chromium were constituents of the supporting oxide matrix, enantioselectivities were found to be much higher. For systems containing nickel, magnesium (or zinc) and aluminium as the cations present in the parent hydrotalcite phase, when a series of materials of the same composition obtained from different synthetic methods, the urea hydrolysis method leads to catalysts with enantiodifferentiation ability, whereas materials prepared by the coprecipitation method does not. Also, this thesis researches the use of different types of ordered mesoporous silicas as supports of tartaric‐acid nickel in the aforementioned reaction. Even though the techniques of metal deposition explored did not allow incorporation of Ni in the internal surface of the materials, it was found that the morphology of the support plays an important role in enantioselectivity. In addition, for a given material, the incorporation of Ni via solid state reaction resulted in a catalyst with improved catalytic properties compared to one prepared by wet impregnation techniques.

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Cito, Antonia Maria das Graças Lopes. « Rotas sinteticas exploratorias a partir do acido L-(+)-tartarico e D-manitol ». [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250182.

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Orientador : Eva Gonçalves Magalhães
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Doutorado

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Zejfart, Martin. « Comparison between a Polyaspartate based additive and conventional techniques for tartaric stabilisation ». Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17934.

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Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Viticulture and Enology - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Among the various enological products authorized by the European legislation, metatartaric acid (MTA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are the most widely used to prevent tartrate salts instability, although showing some drawbacks concerning long-term efficacy the former, and colour instability the latter. Recently, an additive based on potassium polyaspartate (KPA) has been evaluated with regards to tartaric stabilisation, to obtain the admission of its use by the European Commission in 2017. The following thesis project developed at the Research Centre of Laimburg (Italy) aims to test the stabilisation effectiveness of potassium polyaspartates (KPA) on local red and white wines, in comparison with the two most widely used additive agents (MTA and CMC) and a subtractive technique (cold stabilisation). Analysis of stability were carried out over a period of six months, as well as chemical-physical parameters (turbidity, tartaric acid, chromatic characteristics) and sensory evaluations of each treatment. Statistical analysis between all trials’ results confirmed the importance of time in recognising the different performances of the used additives aimed to inhibit the crystallisation process of tartaric acid salts, whose behaviour produced different responses with regard to tartrate stability, turbidity and sensory profile. Best results were observed in wines treated with potassium polyaspartate (KPA) and cold stabilisation, although the latter is considered to bring some drawbacks related to operating costs, thus sustainability. Storage temperature effect (35°C) on the different treatments was also evaluated, obtaining again good responses from the polyaspartate based product, although depending on the dose applied. Sensory evaluation confirmed that the debate is still current, expressing greater preference towards cold stabilisation rather than any additive treatment
N/A

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De, Bonis Benedetta <1986&gt. « Métamorphoses de l'Image des Tartares dans la littérature européenne du XXème siècle ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7061/1/De_Bonis_Benedetta_tesi.pdf.

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Ce travail doctoral analyse le changement de l’image des Tartares dans la littérature européenne en langue allemande, anglaise, française et italienne du XXe siècle par l’étude de trois figures : la horde mongole, Gengis-khan et Khoubilaï-khan. Il soutient la thèse que, grâce à quelques facteurs historico-culturels comme la remise en question du concept de barbarie, l’essor des totalitarismes, l’ouverture de la Mongolie vers l’Occident, la redécouverte de l’Histoire secrète des Mongols et la fortune de Le divisament dou monde, au cours du XXe siècle, l’image littéraire des gengiskhanides de négative devient positive. Cette étude se compose d’une introduction, de trois chapitres et d’une conclusion. Dans l’introduction, on analyse la formation de l’image des Tartares et son évolution jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle, on retrace les facteurs historico-culturels qui la remettent au goût du jour et en provoquent le changement au XXe siècle et on présente le travail. Dans le premier chapitre, on se penche sur la prosopographie des Tartares dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle, en la confrontant avec leur représentation dans l’art contemporain. Dans le deuxième chapitre, on étudie la façon des Tartares de se rapporter aux autres au sein de la société dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle. Dans le troisième chapitre, on examine les lieux des gengiskhanides dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle. Enfin, dans la conclusion, les données acquises au moyen de l’analyse conduite sont confrontées et interprétées. Le changement de l’image des Tartares va de pair avec une Europe qui, après avoir fait l’expérience de deux guerres mondiales, avoir assisté aux revendications de la décolonisation et avoir introjecté la thèse freudienne du « malaise dans la civilisation », remet en discussion sa façon de concevoir la barbarie et l’Altérité.
The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyse the evolution of the image of Tartars in European literature in German, English, French and Italian language of the Twentieth century through the study of three figures: the Mongolian horde, Gengis-khan and Khoubilaï-khan. It advances the thesis that, with the help of some historical and cultural factors during the Twentieth century such as the transformation of the concept of barbarity, the rise of totalitarianisms, the opening of Mongolia to the West, the rediscovery of the Secret History of the Mongols and the fortune of Le divisament dou monde, the literary image of Gengis-khan and his following turns from negative to positive. This case study is comprised of an introduction, three chapters and a concluding statement. In the introduction, we analyse the birth of the image of the Tartars and its evolution up until the end of the Nineteenth century, we define the historical and cultural factors that caused the shift of its meaning and present the work. In the first chapter, we take into consideration the portrayal of Tartars in Twentieth century literature, comparing it with the manner they were represented in contemporary art. In the following chapter, we analyse the way Tartars interacted with others in society through Twentieth century literary texts. Said texts are presented again in the final chapter, in which they are yet again used to study the locations in which Tartars roamed. Finally, the data acquired from these studies is compared and interpreted. The change for the better of the Tartars’ image goes hand in hand with a new Europe which, after having been through two worldwide wars, having witnessed the claims of decolonization and after having digested the Freudian concept of « civilisation and its discontents », rethinks its own concept of barbarity and Otherness.

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De, Bonis Benedetta <1986&gt. « Métamorphoses de l'Image des Tartares dans la littérature européenne du XXème siècle ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7061/.

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Ce travail doctoral analyse le changement de l’image des Tartares dans la littérature européenne en langue allemande, anglaise, française et italienne du XXe siècle par l’étude de trois figures : la horde mongole, Gengis-khan et Khoubilaï-khan. Il soutient la thèse que, grâce à quelques facteurs historico-culturels comme la remise en question du concept de barbarie, l’essor des totalitarismes, l’ouverture de la Mongolie vers l’Occident, la redécouverte de l’Histoire secrète des Mongols et la fortune de Le divisament dou monde, au cours du XXe siècle, l’image littéraire des gengiskhanides de négative devient positive. Cette étude se compose d’une introduction, de trois chapitres et d’une conclusion. Dans l’introduction, on analyse la formation de l’image des Tartares et son évolution jusqu’à la fin du XIXe siècle, on retrace les facteurs historico-culturels qui la remettent au goût du jour et en provoquent le changement au XXe siècle et on présente le travail. Dans le premier chapitre, on se penche sur la prosopographie des Tartares dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle, en la confrontant avec leur représentation dans l’art contemporain. Dans le deuxième chapitre, on étudie la façon des Tartares de se rapporter aux autres au sein de la société dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle. Dans le troisième chapitre, on examine les lieux des gengiskhanides dans les textes littéraires du XXe siècle. Enfin, dans la conclusion, les données acquises au moyen de l’analyse conduite sont confrontées et interprétées. Le changement de l’image des Tartares va de pair avec une Europe qui, après avoir fait l’expérience de deux guerres mondiales, avoir assisté aux revendications de la décolonisation et avoir introjecté la thèse freudienne du « malaise dans la civilisation », remet en discussion sa façon de concevoir la barbarie et l’Altérité.
The aim of this doctoral dissertation is to analyse the evolution of the image of Tartars in European literature in German, English, French and Italian language of the Twentieth century through the study of three figures: the Mongolian horde, Gengis-khan and Khoubilaï-khan. It advances the thesis that, with the help of some historical and cultural factors during the Twentieth century such as the transformation of the concept of barbarity, the rise of totalitarianisms, the opening of Mongolia to the West, the rediscovery of the Secret History of the Mongols and the fortune of Le divisament dou monde, the literary image of Gengis-khan and his following turns from negative to positive. This case study is comprised of an introduction, three chapters and a concluding statement. In the introduction, we analyse the birth of the image of the Tartars and its evolution up until the end of the Nineteenth century, we define the historical and cultural factors that caused the shift of its meaning and present the work. In the first chapter, we take into consideration the portrayal of Tartars in Twentieth century literature, comparing it with the manner they were represented in contemporary art. In the following chapter, we analyse the way Tartars interacted with others in society through Twentieth century literary texts. Said texts are presented again in the final chapter, in which they are yet again used to study the locations in which Tartars roamed. Finally, the data acquired from these studies is compared and interpreted. The change for the better of the Tartars’ image goes hand in hand with a new Europe which, after having been through two worldwide wars, having witnessed the claims of decolonization and after having digested the Freudian concept of « civilisation and its discontents », rethinks its own concept of barbarity and Otherness.

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Wanner, Lennart. « What is Tartan Noir ? : investigating Scotland's dark contemporary crime fiction ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18740.

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Contrary to popular belief, Tartan Noir is not a synonym for Scottish noir but a mystifying marketing label for a national literature: dark, contemporary Scottish crime fiction. As it comprises an immense diversity of writing done in such mainstream sub-genres as detective, police, and serial killer fiction, as well as actual noir, I will investigate both the contrasts and the crossovers between said sub-genres. I will show that only few of the writers who are most associated with Tartan Noir write much, or any, noir, whereas most of those who do are not commonly associated with the term. With a view to remedying this, I will discuss the novels which have most influenced the reputation of Tartan Noir alongside those which have most influenced its identity. And by showing how this literature integrates the tension between several highly charged counter concepts – such as conformity and individuality, convention and innovation, sensationalism and thoughtful social, cultural, and political commentary – I hope to demystify Tartan Noir, that is, define the term and refine its use.

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Hayes, Monty. « Chiral and racemic calix[6]arenes and their self-assembly / ». View online, 2008. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/bchemtad/5.

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Ataide, Antonio Marcio. « No deserto a esperar pelos Tártaros : um estudo sobre o tempo no romance Il deserto dei Tartari de Dino Buzzati ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-24112009-095426/.

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Questo lavoro propone uno studio sul tempo narrativo nel romanzo Il deserto dei Tartari di Dino Buzzati. Il terzo romanzo dello scrittore italiano pubblicato nel 1940 racconta la vicenda di un ufficiale dellesercito che per tutta la sua vita serve in una fortezza della frontiera nord del suo paese, la quale sta di fronte ad un grandissimo deserto da cui un giorno dovrebbe arrivare uninvasione nemica. Si cerca di studiare in questo romanzo, allegoria dellumana condizione, le diverse relazioni delluomo con il suo più grande nemico: il tempo. Si discutono nel capitolo primo alcune teorie sul tempo e la narrativa di diversi studiosi che hanno sviluppato questo tema. Le loro teorie sono la base per lanalisi proposta. Nel secondo capitolo si studia più accuratamente il problema del tempo allinterno di questa narrativa sviluppando poi l´analisi proposta, nel capitolo terzo, propone una discussione sulle relazioni del tempo sia con lo spazio sia con luomo.
O presente trabalho propõe um estudo sobre questões de tempo em narrativa no romance Il deserto dei Tartari de Dino Buzzati. Terceiro romance do escritor italiano, publicado em 1940, narra a saga de um oficial de exército que presta serviço a vida inteira em um forte localizado na fronteira norte de seu país que guarda um imenso deserto a sua frente, de onde um dia uma invasão inimiga é esperada. Procuramos estudar no texto, alegoria da condição humana, as diversas relações do homem com seu maior inimigo, o tempo. Tratamos no primeiro capítulo dos trabalhos sobre tempo e narrativa, a partir de vários estudiosos que se ocuparam desse tema e que nos auxiliam em todo o trabalho. No segundo capítulo estudamos mais cuidadosamente a questão do tempo no interior da narrativa, ampliando a análise proposta, no terceiro capítulo, com uma discussão sobre as relações do tempo com o espaço e com o homem.

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Mhatre, Bharat Suresh. « Super-enantiospecific Autocatalytic Decomposition of Tartaric Acid and Aspartic Acid on Cu Surfaces ». Research Showcase @ CMU, 2013. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/232.

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Autocatalytic reaction mechanisms are observed in a range of important chemical processes including catalysis, radical-mediated explosions, and biosynthesis. Because of their complexity, the microscopic details of autocatalytic reaction mechanisms have been difficult to study on surfaces and heterogeneous catalysts. Autocatalytic decomposition reactions of tartaric acid (TA) enantiomers adsorbed on Cu(110) offer molecular-level insight into these processes, which until now, were largely a matter of speculation. The decomposition of TA/Cu(110) is initiated by a slow, irreversible process that forms vacancies in the adsorbed TA layer, followed by a vacancy-mediated, explosive decomposition process that yields CO2 and small hydrocarbon products. Initiation of the explosive decomposition of TA/Cu(110) was studied by measurement of the reaction kinetics, time-resolved low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Initiation results in a decrease in the local coverage of TA and a concomitant increase in the areal vacancy concentration. Once the vacancy concentration reaches a critical value, the explosive, autocatalytic decomposition step dominates the subsequent TA decomposition rate. Aspartic acid is an excellent probe molecule for investigating the surface chemistry of autocatalytic reactions . Because a wide range of isotopically labeled varieties of aspartic acid are commercially available, we have been able to conduct a detailed investigation of its autocatalytic reaction mechanism. Experimental data obtained for variable initial coverage, variable heating rate and isothermal TPRS experiments, while monitoring CO2 desorption is in excellent agreement with a rate law which explicitly accounts for an initiation step and an explosion step which is second order in vacancy concentration Autocatalytic surface explosion mechanisms can be exploited to attain extremely high enantiospecificities in the case of TA decomposition on naturally chiral Cu(hkl)R&S surfaces. Interaction energies of chiral molecules with naturally chiral surfaces are small and typically lead to modest enantioselectivities. However, the highly non-linear kinetics of autocatalytic reaction mechanism amplifies these small differences to result in high enantiospecificities. The observed phenomenon has the characteristics of autocatalytic processes that have been postulated to lead to biomolecular homochirality in life on Earth; processes with relatively small differences in reaction energetics that, nonetheless, lead to extremely high enantioselectivity.

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Emereuwa, Chigoziem A. « Homogenization of partial differential equations : from multiple scale expansions to Tartar's H-measures ». Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53488.

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Homogenization theory has emerged over the last decades as a fundamental tool in the study of mathematical problems arising in processes taking place in highly heterogeneous media, such as composite materials, ow through porous medium, living tissues, just to cite a few. The main feature of these problems is the presence of multiple scales, notably microscopic and macroscopic scales. A prominent and simpli ed theory of homogenization is period homogenization based on assumptions of periodic structure in the problems investigated. Since its inception, several challenges had to be overcome in the evolution of the theory. My dissertation was aimed at covering these challenges and the corresponding deep methods that were invented subsequently. First, we study elliptic partial di erential equations with periodic coe cients using the multiscale expansion and Tartar's method of oscillating test functions. Then we discuss nonlinear homogenization using the div-curl lemma, compensated compactness, Young measures and H-measures. We shall endeavour to motivate the emergence of these methods along their historical flow.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Mathematics and Applied Mathematics
MSc
Unrestricted

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Moaz, Katma Mohamad. « Le tartre dans les strates cémentaires dans les parodontites : son rôle dans les échecs thérapeutiques ». Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT01OD.

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Werter, Karine. « Les appareils anti-tartre dans le traitement de l' eau potable ». Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P238.

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Wade, Charles. « Studies towards the total synthesis of isoavenaciolide and the development of the amino tartrate aldol reaction ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341816.

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Nunes, Miguel Dias Aleixo. « A electrodiálise na estabilidade tartárica dos vinhos. Comparação com o método clássico ». Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4162.

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Mestrado em Viticultura e Enologia - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Ciências. Universidade do Porto
This work was mainly focused on the wine instability with respect to the salts of tartaric acid. It was compared the traditional method, and most used, which keeps the wine at low temperatures to form crystals of potassium hydrogentartrate, but still, at temperatures above the freezing point of wine, with a more recent method the electrodialysis which passes the wine through membranes that remove the desired ions. This was made through an extensive set of analysis on various wines Bacalhôa wine company, SA with great impact on the national and international market. The tartaric stability is assessed by a test "ISTC50" designed in the company INRA, France, and this method was compared with a classic test, the freezer test Comparing the results obtained for the two methods it can be observed that the electrodialysis does not cause significant effects on various parameters of the wine, except in SO2 and those related with its cations. A sensory level can be concluded that treatment by electrodialysis in relation to the classical treatment by cold, showed no significant differences, since the tasting panel for both wines showed similar results.

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Japu, Cristina. « Cyclic derivatives of D-glucose and tartaric acid as building blocks for renewable polyesters ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284660.

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Three series of aromatic copolyesters derived from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and poly(hexamethylene terephthalate) (PHT) have been synthesized by melt polycondensation in which the terephthalate and oxyalkylene units have been partially or totally replaced by monocyclic and bicyclic diacids and diols obtained by derivatization of renewable monomers such as tartaric acid and D-glucose respectively. Another series of aliphatic copolyesters derived from poly(butylene sebacate) has been prepared by both melt polycondensation and enzymatic polymerization in solution where both the sebacate and butylene units have been partially or totally replaced by the bicyclic diacid or diol derived from D-glucose. All series of polyesters and copolyesters were characterized by FTIR and NMR in solution. The chemical composition of the copolyesters was determined by 1H NMR. On the other hand the microstructure, determined by 13C NMR was observed to be at random for all series. The molecular weights determined by intrinsic viscosimetry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were high but decreasing when the content of the sugar monomer increased. The thermal properties were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. It was observed that the thermal stability was not affected when the oxyalkylene unit was the replaced unit, but decreased slightly when the terephthalate unit was replaced one. The new copolyesters showed higher glass transition temperatures than the parent poly(alkylen terephthalate)s, being superiors for the copolyesters obtained from the bicyclic derivative of D-glucose than for the monocyclic derivative of tartaric acid. All copolyesters were less crystalline than the parent homopolyesters, with both melting and enthalpies decreasing with the increased content of the sugar units. The crystalline structure determined by X-ray diffraction was similar to the PET, PBT and PHT polyesters. Finally it was studied the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradability by weight loss, molecular weight determinations and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All new copolyesters showed enhanced degradability in water and biodegradability.
En esta Tesis se han sintetizado mediante reacción de policondensación en masa tres series de copoliesteres aromáticos derivados del poli(etilen tereftalato) (PET), poli(butilen tereftalato) (PBT) y poli(hexametilen tereftalato) (PHT) en los que se han sustituido parcial o totalmente las unidades tereftalicas o las unidades oxialquilénicas por diácidos y dioles cíclicos y bicíclicos obtenidos por derivatización de monómeros de origen natural como son el ácido tartárico y la D-glucosa. También se han sintetizado mediante policondensación en masa y en disolución por vía enzimática una serie de copoliesteres alifáticos derivados del poli(butilen sebacato) en los que las unidades oxibutilénicas y sebácicas se han reemplazado por dioles y diácidos bicíclicos derivados de la D-glucosa. Todas las series se han caracterizado espectroscópicamente mediante FTIR y RMN en disolución. Mediante RMN de 1H se ha determinado la composición de los copolímeros. Por otro lado mediante RMN de 13C se ha estudiado la microestructura de los mismos. Dicho estudio reveló que todos los copolímeros eran al azar. Los pesos moleculares determinados mediante cromatografía de permeabilidad en gel y viscosimetría capilar resultaron ser aceptables, aunque en todos los casos disminuían a medida que aumentaba el contenido del monómero de origen renovable. Las propiedades térmicas se han evaluado mediante calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) y análisis termogravimétrico. Se ha observado que la estabilidad térmica no se ve apenas afectada cuando la sustitución se realiza sobre la unidad oxialquilénica y que por otro lado desciende cuando es la unidad tereftálica la sustituida. Los nuevos copolímeros presentaron temperaturas de transición vítrea superiores, observándose que este aumento era superior en los copolímeros que incorporaban el diol o el diácido bicíclico derivado de la D-glucosa que en los que incorporaban el diol o el diácido monociclico derivado del ácido tartárico. Los copolimeros eran por lo general menos cristalinos, menos cristalizables y con temperaturas de fusión inferiores. La estructura cristalina de los mismos determinada mediante difracción de rayos-X era semejante a la de los homopolimeros PET, PBT y PHT. Se ha estudiado la degradabilidad hidrolitica y la biodegradabilidad de todos ellos mediante medidas de pérdida de peso, pesos moleculares, microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM), observándose un aumento de ambas propiedades para los nuevos copolímeros.

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Vélez, José Sebastián López. « Equilíbrio sólido-líquido na precipitação de lisozima usando succinato, tartrato e citrato de sódio ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-22092016-085821/.

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A precipitação e cristalização de proteínas são operações unitárias amplamente utilizadas na indústria biotecnológica. A formação de precipitado nestas operações é muitas vezes atingida por meio da adição de um sal que diminui a solubilidade da proteína, ou seja, o chamado fenômeno de saltingout. A principal informação para o estudo da precipitação e da cristalização é o diagrama de fases, em que a solubilidade da proteína é apresentada em função das variáveis do sistema (temperatura, pH, concentração de sal). Outra medida importante é o segundo coeficiente virial, que é uma medida indireta da interação intermolecular. A combinação de ambas as informações é fundamental para a identificação das condições em que fases cristalina ou amorfa são obtidas. O equilíbrio sólido-líquido da lisozima de clara de ovo de galinha em soluções aquosas contendo sais biodegradáveis (succinato de sódio, citrato de sódio e tartarato de sódio) foi estudado por meio da determinação da solubilidade da proteína e do segundo coeficiente virial em função da força iônica. Os dados experimentais do segundo coeficiente virial em função da força iônica foram medidos por meio de cromatografia de autointeração. Estes dados foram correlacionados por modelos apropriados. As informações de solubilidade e do segundo coeficiente virial da proteína foram combinadas para gerar condições experimentais adequadas na identificação da janela de cristalização, i.e., as condições em que uma fase cristalina é obtida. Uma matriz do tipo placa de cultivo foi usada para os experimentos de cristalização. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que as regiões das fases cristalina e amorfa no diagrama de fases são funções simultâneas do segundo coeficiente virial, como parâmetro termodinâmico, e da supersaturação, como parâmetro cinético. Os três sais foram capazes de induzir o efeito salting-out, sendo o succinato de sódio o sal mais eficaz na diminuição da solubilidade da lisozima, seguido pelo tartarato de sódio e pelo citrato de sódio. No caso da lisozima, cristais foram obtidos em soluções de succinato de sódio e tartarato de sódio, e as condições nas quais a fase cristalina é formada foram identificadas; no entanto, para o citrato de sódio somente fase amorfa foi observada. Em conjunto, estes resultados mostram que estes sais biodegradáveis são agentes precipitantes promissores.
The precipitation and crystallization of proteins are unit operations widely used in the biotechnology industry. The formation of a solid phase in these operations is often achieved by adding a salt that lowers the protein solubility, the so-called salting-out phenomenon. The key information to study precipitation or crystallization is the phase diagram, in which the solubility of a protein is presented as a function of system variables (temperature, pH, salt concentration). Another important parameter is the second virial coefficient, which is an indirect measure of intermolecular interactions. The combination of both kinds of information is fundamental to identify the conditions in which crystal and amorphous phases can be formed. The solid-liquid equilibrium of hen egg-white lysozyme in aqueous solutions containing biodegradable salts, viz., sodium citrate, sodium tartrate and sodium succinate, was studied by determining both the protein solubility and the second virial coefficient as a function of ionic strength. Experimental data for second viral coefficient as a function of ionic strength were obtained through self-iteration chromatography. These data were correlated by appropriate models. The protein solubility and the second virial coefficient information were combined to generate adequate experimental conditions to identify the so-called crystallization slot, i.e., the conditions in which a crystalline solid phase is obtained. A plate matrix disposition was used for the crystallization experiments. The experimental results show that the crystal and amorphous regions in the phase diagram depend simultaneously on the second virial coefficient, as a thermodynamic parameter, and on the supersaturation ratio, as a kinetic parameter. All these salts were able to induce salting-out, being sodium succinate the most effective one in decreasing lysozyme solubility, followed by sodium tartrate and sodium citrate. For lysozyme in sodium succinate and sodium tartrate solutions, the conditions for which a crystal phase is formed were identified; however, for sodium citrate only amorphous solid phases were observed.! Overall, these results show that these biodegradable salts are promising precipitating agents.

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Morello, Alessandro. « Influence of ph and temperature on metatartaric acid efficiency in white wine tartaric stabilization ». Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8625.

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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The sensitivity of metatartaric acid (MA) to high temperatures is the main limit for its actual use in enology. For this reason MA is generally used only for ready-to-drink wines that are stored for few months in bottle. The objective of this work was to obtain more information about the use of MA in order to prevent tartaric salts precipitation in wine by monitoring its effectiveness along the time. Tartaric stability was followed in a white wine during a ten-week experiment. 10 g/Hl of MA was added to wines with different five pH values, namely 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.7 and 3.9 at room temperature (20°C), and to wines at original pH of 3.2 under three different temperatures commonly found in real storage conditions, precisely 12°C, 20°C and 35°C. To monitor tartaric stability we used a test based on the electrical conductivity developed by Boulton (1983). At the end of the experiment we found both a pH and a temperature effect. It was found a polynomial relation (R2 = 0,85) between tartaric stability and pH. The highest the pH, the highest the instability and the shortest the protection against tartrates precipitation. Furthermore, over 20°C we observed a rapid general decrease of MA effectiveness and that there was a linear relation (R2 = 0,99) between temperature and tartaric stability, so that we can affirm that the highest the temperature, the higher the wine instability; this is probably due to a faster MA hydrolysis. Metatartaric acid is surely able to prevent tartrates precipitation, but since in our experimental conditions it could not protect the wine for longer than one month, we would suggest extreme prudence about its use especially during long storage periods

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Guadagnin, Hellen Costerano. « Corrosion resistance study of AA2524 anodized in sulphuric-tartaric acid and sealed with hybrid coatings ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3137/tde-20072017-152947/.

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Aluminium alloys are widely used in the aerospace industry due to their lightweight and high specific strength. However, these alloys are particularly sensitive to localized corrosion in chloride environments and need to be protected by a robust system. One of the protection methodologies consists in anodizing. The produced layer increases the corrosion resistance and also serves as anchoring site for organic coatings application. Chromium-based anodizing has been usually employed, nevertheless, as chromate compounds are toxic for health and the environment, chromium-based surface treatments will be prohibited in the aerospace industry in a near future. Tartaric-sulphuric acid (TSA) anodizing is a promising environment compliant alternative, which is already being used at industrial level with appropriate corrosion protection and paint adhesion properties. This study aims at proposing a hybrid sol-gel treatment after TSA anodizing of AA2524 specimens in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the anodized layer while maintaining its compatibility with organic coatings. For this, anodic aluminium oxides (AAO) were produced at different anodizing voltages and protected by dip-coating with a hybrid sol-gel layer obtained from a tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) hydrolysis solution with high water content. Corrosion resistance evaluation was carried out by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in NaCl 0.1 mol L-1 and salt-spray chamber exposure (ASTM B117-11 standard). The morphology of the anodic porous layer was investigated by means of FE-SEM, whereas glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES) was employed to evaluate the distribution of the sol-gel layer within the porous AAO. FE-SEM characterization confirmed that the layer properties (pore distribution, porosity and thickness) were strongly dependent on the anodizing conditions, whereas GDOES depth profile showed penetration of the hybrid coating within the pores of the anodized layer. The two characterization techniques showed inefficient surface sol-gel coverage for the samples anodized at higher voltage, likely due to insufficient sol-gel deposition. The results of the EIS characterization tests up to 1008 h (42 days) showed that, irrespectively to the anodizing voltage, the hybrid sol-gel protected AAO was stable with only slight evolution of the diagrams with immersion time. Moreover, the hybrid coating protected samples presented higher low frequency impedance modulus than hydrothermally sealed (HTSed) reference TSA anodized samples, which was confirmed by electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) fitting of the EIS data. EEC fitting also revealed that the resistance of the pores to electrolyte penetration was increased by the application of the sol-gel coating when compared to the resistance of the HTSed reference samples and indicated better anticorrosion performance for the sample anodized at 16 V. These results were confirmed by the salt-spray tests. Investigation on the ageing of the hybrid sol-gel hydrolysis solution showed that its viscosity hardly changed up to two weeks of test and that hybrid coatings applied from these solutions were stable and afforded good corrosion protection to the TSA anodized substrate, an improvement of the anticorrosion properties of the hybrid coating was verified for an ageing time of 168 h. Preliminary tests performed with a solvent-free organic coating (epoxy) indicated good compatibility with the hybrid TEOS-GPTMS coating characterized by very high impedance and good stability upon exposure to the salt-spray chamber.
Ligas de alumínio são muito utilizadas na indústria aeronáutica por serem materiais leves e altamente resistentes. Porém, essas ligas são particularmente sensíveis à corrosão localizada em meios que contêm cloretos, e precisam de sistemas robustos de proteção. Uma das metodologias de proteção consiste em anodização. A camada produzida aumenta a resistência à corrosão e também serve como sítio de ancoragem para aplicação de revestimentos orgânicos. A anodização crômica tem sido usualmente empregada na indústria aeronáutica. No entanto, como compostos contendo íons cromato são tóxicos para a saúde e para o meio-ambiente, tratamentos de superfície à base de cromo serão proibidos na indústria espacial em um futuro próximo. Anodização em banho de ácido sulfúrico-tartárico (TSA) é uma alternativa promissora e ambientalmente compatível, a qual já está sendo usada industrialmente com apropriada proteção à corrosão e adesão para pintura. Este estudo tem como objetivo propor um tratamento utilizando um revestimento híbrido sol-gel para melhorar a resistência à corrosão da liga AA2524 anodizada em TSA e que mantenha sua compatibilidade com revestimentos orgânicos. Para isso, camadas anodizadas de alumínio (CAA) foram produzidas em diferentes voltagens e protegidas por camada de híbrido sol-gel obtida pela hidrólise de tetraetilortosilano (TEOS) e glicidóxipropiltrimetóxisilano (GPTMS) em solução com alto teor de água e aplicada pela técnica de dip-coating. A avaliação da resistência à corrosão foi realizada através de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIS) em NaCl 0,1 mol.L-1 e por exposição à câmara de névoa salina (norma ASTM B117-11). A morfologia da camada porosa foi investigada por MEV e a espectroscopia de emissão óptica por descarga luminescente (GDOES) foi empregada para avaliar a distribuição do híbrido sol-gel no interior dos poros da camada porosa. As caracterizações por MEV confirmaram que as propriedades da camada (distribuição dos poros, porosidade e espessura) são fortemente dependentes das condições de anodização, e a composição em profundidade obtida por GDOES mostrou que o revestimento híbrido penetrou nos poros da camada anodizada. As duas técnicas de caracterização mostraram uma cobertura ineficiente da camada sol-gel para as amostras anodizadas nas voltagens mais elevadas, provavelmente devido à deposição insuficiente do híbrido. Os testes de EIS com duração de até 1008 h (42 dias) mostraram que, independentemente da voltagem de anodização empregada, a camada anódica coberta com sol-gel ficou estável ocorrendo apenas pequenas evoluções dos diagramas com o tempo de imersão. Além do mais, as amostras protegidas com o revestimento híbrido apresentaram maiores valores de módulo de impedância em baixa frequência do que as amostras anodizadas em TSA e hidrotermicamente seladas (HTsed) usadas como referências. Essa tendência foi confirmada pelo ajuste com circuitos elétricos equivalentes (EEC) dos resultados de EIS que também mostrou que a aplicação do sol-gel híbrido torna mais difícil a penetração do eletrólito agressivo nos poros da camada anodizada quando comparada com as amostras HTSed, e indicou melhor desempenho anticorrosivo para a amostra anodizada em 16 V. Esses resultados foram confirmados pelos testes de névoa salina. A investigação do envelhecimento da solução de sol-gel mostrou pouca mudança na viscosidade da solução de hidrólise em duas semanas de testes e que os revestimentos híbridos aplicados a partir dessas soluções foram estáveis e promoveram boa proteção à corrosão para as amostras anodizadas em TSA, com melhora das propriedades anticorrosivas após 168 h de envelhecimento. Testes preliminares realizados com revestimento orgânico livre de solvente (epóxi) indicaram boa compatibilidade deste com o revestimento híbrido TEOS-GPTMS. O revestimento epóxi propiciou valores de módulo de impedância elevados e estáveis e também boa estabilidade após exposição à câmara de névoa salina quando aplicado sobre o revestimento híbrido aplicado sobre a liga 2524.

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Alberton, Elga Heloisa. « Influência de chalconas análogas, xantonas e monossacarídeos na glicemia em modelo experimental animal ». Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/89857.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia.
Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T03:26:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 240185.pdf: 599701 bytes, checksum: 17a90f318dde261b9bdb1e7c4e1b2e3a (MD5)
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito de chalconas análogas (derivadas do 3,4-metilenodióxi-benzaldeído, 2-naftaldeído ou xantoxilina), monossacarídeos (ácido glicônico e tartárico), extrato bruto etanólico da Polygala paniculata, fração acetato de etila (AcEt) da Polygala cyparissias (que contém xantonas), na glicemia de ratos normoglicêmicos, hiperglicêmicos e diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Para a comparação da curva de tolerância à glicose dos compostos testados, foi realizada a curva de substâncias com efeito hipoglicemiante conhecido (insulina e tolbutamida). As glicemias foram determinadas pelo método da glicose-oxidase. As chalconas análogas foram administradas na dosagem de 5, 10 e 15 mg/kg em ratos hiperglicêmicos. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos (curva de tolerância à glicose). Três séries de chalconas foram testadas, sendo que as chalconas derivadas do 3,4-metilenodióxi-benzaldeído (compostos 03, 04, 05, 07, 09 e 10) e naftaldeído (compostos 12, 13 e 14), apresentaram atividade hipoglicemiante, enquanto que as chalconas derivadas da xantoxilina não demonstraram qualquer efeito na glicemia, sugerindo assim, que substituintes na posição 3#e/ou 4# são essenciais para a atividade hipoglicêmica destes compostos. Os substituintes no anel A e B do núcleo das chalconas determina a potência e a eficiência na atividade hipoglicemiante destes novos compostos, quando comparados à insulina e à tolbutamida. O ácido glicônico foi administrado via oral nas dosagens de 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 e 800 mg/kg de peso corporal em ratos normoglicêmicos; hiperglicêmicos e diabéticos, via oral ou intraperitoneal. O ácido tartárico foi administrado nas dosagens de 100 mg/kg e 400 mg/kg via oral, em ratos normoglicêmicos e ratos hiperglicêmicos. As coletas de sangue de animais normoglicêmicos e diabéticos foram realizadas nos tempos zero, 1, 2 e 3 horas para o estudo da curva de doseresposta em função do tempo e nos tempos de zero, 15, 30, 60, 120 e 180 minutos para o estudo da curva de tolerância à glicose nos ratos hiperglicêmicos. Não houve mudança significativa nas glicemias de ratos normoglicêmicos tratados com ácido glicônico e ácido tartárico quando comparados com o tempo zero. Na curva de tolerância à glicose ocorreu aumento significativo na glicemia de animais tratados com ácido glicônico (400 mg/kg) nos tempos 15, 30, 60 e 120 minutos, e animais tratados com ácido tartárico (400 mg/kg) nos tempos 120 e 180 minutos. O ácido glicônico não alterou a glicemia de ratos diabéticos induzidos com aloxano. Estes resultados sugerem que o ácido glicônico e o tartárico não atuam como secretagogo de insulina e não possuem ação insulinomimética. O EBEtOH da P. paniculata foi administrado nas dosagens de 400, 800 e 1200 mg/kg em ratos diabéticos e hiperglicêmicos. A fração AcEt da P. cyparissias foi administrada na dosagem de 800 mg/kg em ratos diabéticos e hiperglicêmicos. A P. paniculata (EBEtOH) não alterou significativamente a glicemia de ratos diabéticos induzidos com aloxano e também a curva de tolerância à glicose nas dosagens testadas. A P. cyparissias (AcEt) não reduziu a glicemia de ratos diabéticos, mas promoveu diminuição significativa da glicemia nos tempos de 15 e 30 minutos, quando comparados ao controle hiperglicêmico. Assim, a fração rica em xantonas da P. cyparissias demonstrou potencial atividade hipoglicemiante, enquanto que a P. paniculata (EBEtOH) não demonstrou nenhuma ação anti-hiperglicêmica, anti-diabética ou insulinomimética nestes testes realizados. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of chalcone analogues (derived from 3,4-methylenedioxy-benzaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde or xanthoxylin), monosaccharides (gluconic and tartaric acids), the crude ethanolic extract of Polygala paniculata, and the ethyl acetate fraction (EtAc) of Polygala cyparissias (that contains xanthones) on glycemia in normoglycemic rats, hyperglycaemic rats, and in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The glucose tolerance curve of the compounds being tested was compared with a curve obtained using substances with a known hypoglycaemic effect (insulin and tolbutamida). Glycemia was determined by the glucose-oxidase method. The chalcone analogues were administered at doses of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg in hyperglycaemic rats. Blood was collected at time zero and at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (glucose tolerance curve). Three series of chalcones were tested, those derived from 3,4-methylenedioxy-benzaldehyde (compounds 03, 04, 05, 07, 09 and 10) and naphthaldehyde (compounds 12, 13 and 14) that presented hypoglycaemic activity, and chalcones derived from xanthoxylin, which did not present any effect on glycemia, suggesting that substituents in the 3# and/or 4# positions are essential for the hypoglycaemic activity of these compounds. Substituents in the A and B ring of the nucleus of the chalcones determine the potency and efficiency in hypoglycaemic activity of these new compounds compared to insulin and tolbutamide. Gluconic acid was administered by oral route at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight in normoglycemic rats, and via oral or intraperitoneal route in hyperglycaemic and diabetic rats. Tartaric acid was administered at oses of 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg via oral route in normoglycemic and hyperglycaemic rats. Blood was collected from normal and diabetic animals at time zero, and then at 1, 2 and 3 hours to construct a dose-response curve as a function of time, and at time zero, then at 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes to produce a glucose tolerance curve in hyperglycaemic rats. There was no significant change in the glycemia of normoglycemic rats treated with gluconic acid and tartaric acid compared to time zero. In the glucose tolerance curve for animals treated with gluconic acid (400 mg/kg) there was a significant increase in glycemia at 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes, while in animals treated with tartaric acid (400 mg/kg) this was present at 120 and 180 minutes. Gluconic acid did not change the glycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. These results suggest that gluconic and tartaric acids do not act as insulin secretagogues and do not possess an insulinomimetic action. The EBEtOH of P. paniculata was administered at doses of 400, 800 and 1200 mg/kg in diabetic and hyperglycaemic rats. The EtAc fraction of P. cyparissias was administered at a dose of 800 mg/kg in diabetic and hyperglycaemic rats. P. paniculata (EBEtOH) did not significantly alter glycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic rats nor did it affect the glucose tolerance curve at the doses tested. P. cyparissias (EtAc) did not reduce glycemia in diabetic rats, although it did cause a significant decrease in glycemia at 15 and 30 minutes when compared to the hyperglycaemic control. In summary, the xanthones-rich fraction of P. cyparissias exhibited potential hypoglycaemic activity, while P. paniculata (EBEtOH) did not present any antihyperglycaemic, anti-diabetic or insulinomimetic action in the tests.

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Matheson, Mary Carol. « Tartars at whose gates ? Framing Russian identity through political adaptations of nineteenth-century French works by Astolphe de Custine and Jules Verne ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/386.

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This study examines the historical influence of literary works adapted to political purpose, with reference to two significant nineteenth-century French books about Russia: a memoir by Astolphe de Custine entitled Lettres de Russie (1843), and a novel by Jules Verne entitled Michel Strogoff (1876), each based on travelogue sources. Taken together, these two works framed the poles of an ongoing debate about Russian identity related to the long-term effects of the thirteenth-century Mongol invasions of Russia. Custine's memoir characterized Russia as a threatening Tartar horde at the gates of European civilization, while Verne portrayed Russia as a legitimate European great power engaged in taming its rebellious Tartar subjects. Uniquely among the corpus of nineteenth-century French texts on Russia, these books demonstrate exceptional influence. Indeed, political adaptations of both have resonated substantially in international relations. During the Cold War, Custine's Lettres de Russie was discovered and republished by American diplomats in a heavily abridged 1951 edition, to serve as a cipher for an imminent Russian threat. In 1880,Verne's Michel Strogoff was adapted for a theatrical production in Paris; for the next twenty years, the play served as a vehicle to express public support for the Franco-Russian Alliance negotiated between 1891 and 1893. Political adaptation of these works ultimately led to their entrenchment in cultural repertoires of America and France, where they persist today at the levels of state and popular culture. The analysis concludes that an insistent myth concerning Tartar identity remains embedded in the international imaginary concerning Russia. The characterization of Russia as legitimate great power or despotic aggressor continues to reflect earlier questions concerning whether it had tamed its Tartar past, or fallen victim to miscegenation.

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Comrie, Duncan. « Framing the tartan curtain : cultural dissent in fin de siecle Edinburgh and Glasgow ». Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340640.

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Pittari, Elisabetta. « Comparison between six different carboxymethylcelluloses used as enological products for the tartaric stabilization of red wines ». Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13847.

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Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL / Institut National D'Etudes Superieures Agronomiques de Montpellier
The carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a cellulose derivative authorized in white and sparkling wines production as a tartaric salts crystallization inhibitor. Previous studies report negative effects of the product when added to red wines; more specifically, it has been seen that the CMC decreases the content of total phenols, flavonoid and non-flavonoid phenols, reducing the colour intensity; it interacts with the phenolic compounds, promoting turbidity and colorant matter precipitation. In order to evaluate if these effects characterize all the red wines when in contact with the product, we studied in detail the impact of six different CMCs, coming from six Portuguese oenological companies on the same Portuguese red wine, Castelão variety. The research has been focused on the evaluation of the wine responses in terms of tartrate and colouring matter stability, turbidity, phenolic compounds, tannins’ composition, tannin power, chromatic and sensory characteristics. The CMC resulted as a strong inhibitor of tartaric salts crystallization, even after 5 months from the addition. It generally reported an increase in the colour intensity of the wines, as such as in the coloured anthocyanins concentration. Therefore, the CMCs treated wines revealed a stronger and powerful colour. No colouring matter precipitation occurred. The total phenols concentration of the CMCs added samples did not completely differ from the control wine, as such as the tannins’ composition in terms of monomeric, oligomeric and polymeric fractions content. In terms of sensorial quality, the CMC treated wines did not reveal any important differences compared to the control. The study revealed that the CMC represents a valid sustainable enological alternative to stabilize the red wines in terms of tartaric salts crystallization. The positive results achieved are in opposition with the ones obtained in most of the previous studies, opening new prospective and scenarios concerning the effects of the CMC utilization on red wines
N/A

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Stulp, Simone. « Estudo eletroquímico das interações do tartarato de sódio sobre superfícies zincadas para posterior eletrodeposição de polipirrol ». reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1965.

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Neste trabalho, foi estudada a síntese eletroquimica do pirrol sobre eletrodos de zinco e aço galvanizado em tartarato de sódio. De modo a avaliar a interação aço galvanizadoltartarato e zincoltartarato, foram empregadas as técnicas de voltametria cíclica, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica, Raman e análise morfológica. Através dos resultados verificou-se que há a formação de um filme de tartarato sobre as superficies galvanizadas que inibe a dissolução anódica do metal. Verificou-se que houve fonnação de polipirrol sobre substratos galvanizados em meio tartarato de sódio. No estudo da eletropolimerização do pirrol, a influência de parâmetros tais como concentrações do eletrólito, do tenso ativo e dos pigmentos e tempo e densidade de corrente na eletrodeposição foi investigada. Com o objetivo de melhorar as propriedades anticorrosivas dos filmes de polipirrol, foi estudada a incorporação de tensoativos e dos pigmentos de dióxido de titânio e fosfato de zinco comercial ZMP. Para avaliar os substratos metálicos e os filmes de polipirrol, foram empregadas as técnicas de voltametria ciclica e espectroscopia de impedância eletroquimica. A morfologia dos filmes poliméricos foi analisada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os filmes de Ppy foram também caracterizados por espectros copia Raman. Os filmes de poliméricos em presença de moléculas tensoativos tornaram-se mais compactos e homogêneos. Com relação à incorporação de pigmentos nestes filmes, a adição destes tende a aumentar a resistência à corrosão.

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Bevan, J. « Secondary porosity generation in sandstone reservoirs : Feldspar dissolution in the Tartan Field, North Sea ». Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235362.

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Kloska, Franziska [Verfasser]. « Infektionsdynamik von Salmonella Paratyphi B d-Tartrat+ im Masthähnchenbestand sowie deren Bekämpfung in der Primärproduktion / Franziska Kloska ». Hannover : Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136277919/34.

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Lorenzo, Maria Ortega. « Complexities and dynamics of the enantioselective site in heterogeneous catalysis : tartaric acid and methylacetoacetate on Cu(110) ». Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366724.

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Mauchline, Natalie. « From the Tartan Tories to Scotland's Social Democrats| The Remaking of the Scottish National Party ». Thesis, University of Arkansas, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10792209.

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The United Kingdom is entering a period of great uncertainty, with the future of Scotland’s membership still in question. Following personal work experience in the Scottish Parliament, it became apparent to me that the Scottish National Party currently finds itself in a unique position. By utilizing constituency maps, this study will trace the evolution of the Scottish National Party (SNP) and explore how its changing nature allowed it to grow from a minute populist group seeking independence to a social justice party hoping to appeal to a more diverse group of voters by increasing credibility at the local level and then into a fully-fledged third party capable of entering into coalition with the political establishment at Westminster and holding a membership referendum. Focus will be placed on the changing political landscape of the United Kingdom and the SNP’s role within that scope. The paper will conclude with predictions of the possibilities for the SNP’s role in Scotland, within the UK and the European Union.

The development of the SNP was aided and impacted by a number of variables. Firstly, devolution from Westminster following the creation of a Scottish parliament, Holyrood, in the 1990s gave the SNP a second arena in which to demonstrate their governing ability. Secondly, the role of certain personalities must be noted, with important figures having an impact in both Westminster and Holyrood. The most well-known of these figures is Alex Salmond, the first SNP First Minister, who was able to guide the SNP from obscurity to a governing party, capable of holding referendums. In addition, Nicola Sturgeon, the current First Minister and Salmond’s deputy First Minister, has been vital to continuing the party’s momentum in the wake of Brexit. Down in Westminster, other personalities will also be important, such as Margaret Thatcher, David Cameron and Theresa May. Thirdly, the British media’s coverage of the SNP had a dramatic impact on the viability of the party to the electorate.

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Koohnavard, Saina. « Made You Look : Investigating illusion through garment ». Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-523.

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Visual dominance. Our human perception, that with great authority, powerfully influences and controls all of our senses. In turn, our minds try to acquire and maintain meaningful perceptions in what we are experiencing, may that be in a chaotic world, a cacophony in colour or vibrations in patterns. This project explores disturbances in pattern and colour and how these elements can deceive the eye. Playing with elements such as opacity, layers and transparency the nine outfits presented in this project attempt to explore the principles of Gestalt psychology to create disorder and confusion. Significantly, the project discusses our perception of pattern and colour and how with small measures these components can outsmart our senses, highlighting the importance of psychological methods and techniques in design rather than scientific or mathematical.

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Coetzee, Zelmari. « Site and vintage response of malic and tartaric acid in Vitis vinifera L. cv’s Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc ». Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85736.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Acids are one of the major components that originate largely from the berry, that are found in wine, and that influence the sensory perception. The presence of organic acids in adequate concentrations in the grape berry, of which tartaric- and malic acid are the main organic acids present, is important as this determines the potential of a must to produce a good and stable wine. The effect of temperature on the organic acid content of the must is widely discussed with higher temperatures in general being associated with lower quantities of organic acids present in the juice, and lower temperatures during ripening associated with higher quantities, specifically in the case of malic acid. Due to the topographical diversity of the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin district and the closeness of the ocean and the occurrence of sea breezes, the mesoclimate differs greatly over short distances. Sixteen sites, consisting of eight Sauvignon Blanc and Cabernet Sauvignon sites respectively, were selected from a broader terroir study site network. Three vintages with complete climatic datasets were selected for vintage comparisons. Climate in the study area was monitored on differing scales, and data from a weather station network, as well as from mesoclimatic dataloggers within the sites were available. The available data was firstly compared to determine the variability of the data, not only between the two climatic scales, but also between the sites. Different climate classification indices and parameters available in literature were thereafter compared and evaluated for the best representation in this area. The Huglin index was found to be a better representation regarding the thermal climatic indices. Due to the great differences between temperatures noted for the mesoclimatic loggers and the nearest automatic weather station, the use of mesoclimatic logger data was preferred, and is advised in future studies where this scale of data is available. Malic and tartaric acid has a definite synthesis period up until véraison, after which the content of tartaric acid remains constant in the berry and the content of malic acid decreases until harvest due to mainly respiration. The temperature data was therefore separated in a synthesis period from flowering to véraison, and a ripening period from véraison to harvest. In this study, clear differences were firstly seen in the climate as expected, not only between sites per vintage, but in addition between vintages and between vintages per site. The phenological differences between the sites could be largely attributed to the differences in temperature as phenology and temperature was found to be highly correlated in this study. Differences in the ripening parameters were noticed in addition to the contents of the organic acids between sites, although no definite contribution of temperature was shown to affect the contents of these compounds at either véraison or harvest. These differences may be attributed to other factors such as the soil water content and the canopy architecture. In addition, these factors all contribute in differing percentages to the differences found in the contents per site. It was found though that temperature can be used as an indicator of the organic acid content in the grape berry, considering that the temperature data is available on a mesoclimatic scale, separated in a synthesis and period of degradation, and the number of hours within the temperature thresholds are determined. Differences seen in the organic acid contents can however not only be attributed to the differences in topography and the temperature as discussed in this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sure is belangrike druifkomponente wat grootliks hul oorsprong in die korrel het, in die wyn voorkom, en die sensoriese persepsie van die wyn beïnvloed. Die voorkoms van organiese sure in genoegsame konsentrasies in die korrel, waarvan wynsteensuur en appelsuur die hoof organiese sure is, is belangrik aangesien dit die potensiaal van die sap om ŉ goeie en stabiele wyn te produseer, bepaal. Hoe temperatuur die inhoud van organiese sure in die druiwesap affekteer is gereeld onder bespreking, met hoër temperature in die algemeen geassosieer met ŉ laer inhoud van organiese sure, terwyl laer temperature geassosieer word met ŉ hoër inhoud van organiese sure in die sap, veral in die geval van appelsuur. As gevolg van die topografiese diversiteit van die Stellenbosch Wyn van Oorsprong distrik, asook die nabyheid van die oseaan met die gepaardgaande voorkoms van die seebries, verander die mesoklimaat aansienlik oor klein afstande in hierdie area. Vir die studie was sestien wingerde, wat bestaan het uit agt Sauvignon Blanc en agt Cabernet Sauvignon wingerde, geselekteer vanuit ŉ groter terroir studie. Verder was drie seisoene, met volledige klimaatsdatastelle, geselekteer vir die vergelyking van data tussen die seisoene. Klimaat was op verskillende skale binne die studie area gemonitor en data van ŉ weerstasie netwerk, sowel as van mesoklimaat dataversamelaars binne die wingerde, was beskikbaar. Die beskikbare datastelle was vergelyk, asook geëvalueer, om die mees verteenwoordigende datastel vir die area te bepaal. Met die oorweging van die termiese indekse was daar gevind dat die Huglin indeks beter verteenwoordigend van die area was. Verder, as gevolg van die groot verskille wat gevind is tussen die temperature gemeet met die mesoklimaat dataversamelaars en die naaste outomatiese weerstasie, was daar besluit dat die gebruik van die mesoklimaat data verkies is en is dit ook aan te beveel vir die gebruik in toekomstige navorsing indien die tipe data beskikbaar is. Wynsteen- en appelsuur het beide ŉ definitiewe sintese periode tot en met véraison, waarna die hoeveelheid wynsteensuur in die korrel relatief konstant bly en die hoeveelheid appelsuur afneem hoofsaaklik as gevolg van respirasie. Die temperatuur data was dus verdeel in ‘n periode van sintese vanaf blom tot en met véraison, en ŉ rypwordingsperiode vanaf véraison tot en met oes. In hierdie studie was daar eerstens groot verskille waargeneem in die klimaat soos wat daar verwag is. Hierdie verskille was nie net waargeneem as tussen die seisoene nie, maar ook tussen die wingerde binne ŉ seisoen. Die fenologiese veskille tussen die wingerde wat ook waargeneem is, kon hoofsaaklik aan die verskille in die temperatuur toegeskryf word en ŉ goeie korrelasie tussen temperatuur en fenologie is opgemerk. Merkwaardige verskille in die rypwordingsparameters, asook in die inhoud van die organiese sure, was waargeneem, alhoewel die bydrae van temperatuur op die inhoud van hierdie komponente by véraison of oes nie as definitief getoon is nie. Dit kan toegeskryf word aan die bydrae van ander faktore, soos byvoorbeeld die grondwaterinhoud en die lowerargitektuur, op die inhoud van hierdie komponente. Die addisionele faktore dra egter in verskillende persentasies by tot die verskille waargeneem tussen die wingerde.

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Schultheis, Alicia Slater. « Gene Flow and Dispersal Among Populations of the Stonefly Peltoperla tarteri (Plecoptera : Peltoperlidae) in the Southern Appalachians ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29750.

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Despite a number of recent studies focused on the issue, patterns of stream insect dispersal in temperate streams of North America remain poorly understood. Movement of benthic invertebrates is notoriously difficult to measure directly using traditional means; however, genetic markers provide an ideal method for estimating stream insect dispersal. In this study, the control region of mitochondrial DNA was used to study gene flow and dispersal among populations of the stonefly Peltoperla tarteri in the Southern Appalachians. The control region of P. tarteri is approximately 1270 base pairs (bp) in length, 81% AT-rich, and contains variable numbers of a 74 bp tandem repeat containing the sequence motif "5'-GGGGGC-3". Many stream insects have long life cycles that result in the simultaneous existence of multiple cohorts throughout the larval development period. If larval development is fixed, genetic isolation among cohorts may confound genetic estimates of dispersal. Although larval head width data indicated that P. tarteri is semivoltine in southwestern Virginia, low levels of genetic differentiation among cohorts suggested that larval development of P. tarteri is not fixed and that some individuals complete development in one or three years rather than two. This 'cohort splitting' would result in individuals from distinct cohorts maturing at the same time and mating with one another. Such developmental plasticity may allow some individuals to avoid adverse environmental conditions. The extent and likely mechanism of dispersal was determined by comparing levels of population genetic differentiation within drainages to that among drainages. While there was no consistent relationship between genetic and geographic distance, genetic differentiation was generally high within and among drainages. Nested clade analysis indicates that historical fragmentation and range expansion coupled with contemporary gene flow explain the present day pattern of genetic variation in P. tarteri. In order for these historical patterns to have such a strong influence on present day genetic structure, both larval and adult dispersal must be restricted. However, the genetic data suggest that larval dispersal is more frequent than adult dispersal.
Ph. D.

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Krause, Cindy. « Not the outside but the inside matters functional analysis of capricious and tartan during drosophila tracheal morphogenesis / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970086016.

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Maitland, Hume Ian M. « The contemporary role of the kilt and tartan in the construction and expression of Scottish American identity ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23110.

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This study explores how influential the kilt and tartan are in the way Americans perceive and express their identity in Scottish terms. Its principal focus is directed on individuals who wear the kilt in America today. The reasons which prompt people to consider qualifying their American identity are considered in the context of a number of different Scottish American organisations and community activities. These are prefaced by an appraisal of contemporary attitudes to wearing the kilt in Scotland today. An ethnological approach has been adopted to ascertain the role played by these material cultural elements, and in particular the informants' own words are used to illustrate the power these symbols posses to influence the construction of Scottish identity. The changing nature of society is considered as one of the factors contributing to such a need. Tartan and the kilt encapsulate many facets of a heritage which people aspire to access; they may also represent a part-mythical family origin for those seeking roots. They are the apparent visual manifestation of ancient kin links. The author's own observations through participation in some of the activities of the Scottish American community provide further evidence of the significant role played by tartan and kilt in the iteration of Scottish identity by Americans. The remarkable growth in the number of Americans who choose to adopt a Scottish element as part of their identity can be attributed in substantial part to the power these symbols possess.

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Paiz, Fernando J. (Fernando Joaquin) 1976. « Tartan Threads : a method for the real-time digital recognition of secure documents in ink-jet printers ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9797.

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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-28).
Thanks to today's digital imaging technology, any ten year old child with basic computer skills can create convincing counterfeit currency. It comes as no surprise that as output quality and costs have improved in ink-jet printers, there has been a corresponding surge in digital counterfeiting of security documents. The design of a system, through which a printer can recognize a security or other protected document though identification of a watermark, presents a challenge for the application of information hiding techniques. The marking should be strong enough to provide certainty that a document was intentionally marked and robust enough to withstand the transformations inherent in the scanning and printing process. Using an extended spreadspectrum technique, a small one-dimensional thread encoded with a known multi-bit signature is generated. If the printer detects a match, printing halts and a warning message is output to the user. By applying several such threads at varying orientations, this can provide an effective first line of defense against the casual digital counterfeiter.
by Fernando J. Paiz.
S.B.and M.Eng.

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Goršenina, Svetlana. « De la Tartarie à l'Asie centrale : le coeur d'un continent dans l'histoire des idées entre la cartographie et la géopolitique ». Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010531.

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La thèse porte sur la reconstitution du processus relatif à la construction des notions liées au "coeur du continent" asiatique, distinguant deux phases: avant et après l'apparition de l'expression Asie centrale. Cette étude cherche à reconstituer selon quels critères, en fonction de quelles justifications et à l'aide de quels arguments, il a été possible de parvenir à créer les notions centre-asiatiques. Cette optique invite, dans une perspective d'histoire des sciences, à interroger l'Asie centrale en tant qu'objet d'étude, tel qu'il a été historiquement construit. Cette investigation aidera à mieux comprendre le sens épistémologique des expressions relatives à l'Asie centrale, lors de la progression des connaissances sur la région, en retrouvant des courants de pensées multiples afin de pouvoir saisir la logique du développement des idées et comprendre quel rôle ces limites centre-asiatiques imaginaires jouent dans les investigations scientifiques.

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Wu, Ruizhi. « Enzymatic and chemical synthesis of polyesters and polycarbonates derived from L-tartaric acid and synthesis of polycaprolactones initiated by cavitands ». [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002972.

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Bandorski, Martina [Verfasser], et H. G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wahl. « Tartrat-resistente saure Phophatase (TRAP) Isoform 5b : ein neuer Serummarker der Knochenresorption bei Hämodialyse-Patienten / Martina Bandorski. Betreuer : H. G. Wahl ». Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080298479/34.

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Kuppili, Sudheer Kumar. « Biodiesel Properties and Characterization of Particulate Matter Emissions from TARTA Buses Fueled by B20 Biodiesel ». University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1471631394.

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Thèses sur le sujet « Tartaro »

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