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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tanzania – Ethnic relations »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Tanzania – Ethnic relations"

Ortega, Dolors. « Negotiating Identity and Belonging in the Western Indian Ocean : Fluid Enabling Spaces in M.G. Vassanji’s Uhuru Street ». Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses, n^o 82 (2021) : 27–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.recaesin.2021.82.03.

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This article analyses the short story cycle Uhuru Street, which describes the life of the members of the minority Ismaili community, whom Vassanji fictionalises as Shamsis, in the context of crucial changes in the history of Tanzania. Diaspora, fragmentation and ethnic multiplicity in a really hierarchical tripartite society will be studied within the framework of cross-cultural networking in the Western Indian Ocean, where complex identity relations are established. Our discussion stems from a brief historical genealogy of the Indian community in Tanzania, it analyses the complex identity relations and affiliations among Tanzanian citizens of Indian descent, and moves on to the analysis of Vassanji’s short stories in order to explore those fluid and enabling spaces where identity and belonging are to be negotiated.

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Miguel, Edward. « Tribe or Nation ? Nation Building and Public Goods in Kenya versus Tanzania ». World Politics 56, n^o 3 (avril 2004) : 327–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100004330.

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This article examines how government policies affect ethnic relations by comparing outcomes across two nearby districts, one in Kenya and one in Tanzania, using colonial-era boundary placement as a “natural experiment.” Despite similar geography and historical legacies, governments in Kenya and Tanzania have followed radically different language, education, and local institutional policies, with Tanzania consistently pursuing more serious nation building. The evidence suggests that nation building has allowed diverse communities in rural Tanzania to achieve considerably better local public goods outcomes than diverse communities in Kenya. To illustrate, while Kenyan communities at mean levels of diversity have 25 percent less local school funding than homogeneous communities on average, the comparable figure in the Tanzanian district is near zero. The Kenya-Tanzania comparison provides empirical evidence that serious reforms can ameliorate social divisions and suggests that nation-building should take a place on policy agendas, especially in Africa.

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Schou Pallesen, Cecil Marie. « Making Friends and Playing the Game ». Journal of Extreme Anthropology 5, n^o 2 (1 avril 2022) : 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/jea.9302.

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Bribery relations are a way to cope with the uncertainties of everyday life for many people living in Tanzania. For members of the Tanzanian Indian communities, the uncertainties not only count the faltering bureaucratic systems and a state lacking legitimacy. Being members of a resourceful yet marginalized ethnic group within a nation that has not been willing or able to offer them protection also puts Tanzanian Indian communities in a vulnerable position. Bribery friends, as this article shows, are relations that despite, or perhaps owing to, their uncertain nature create a level of certainty and protection. ‘Playing the game’, meaning to accept and engage in bribery, becomes a way for the Tanzanian Indians to control and claim both distance and belonging to a nation that never really accepted them as true citizens. Investigating the moral economy of bribery among Tanzanian Indians, the article argues that the experiences and logics of bribery help us to get a deeper understanding of Tanzanian Indians’ perception of the state and their role in it, which is, above all, ambiguous.

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Malefakis, Alexis. « Gridlocked in the city : kinship and witchcraft among Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania ». Africa 88, S1 (mars 2018) : S51—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017001140.

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AbstractFor a group of Wayao street vendors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, kinship relations were simultaneously an advantage and a hindrance. Their migration to the city and entry into the urban economy had occurred along ethnic and kinship lines. But, as they perceived the socially heterogeneous environment of the city that potentially offered them opportunities to cooperate with people from different social or ethnic backgrounds, they experienced their continuing dependency on their relatives as a form of confinement. Against the backdrop of the city, the Wayao perceived their social relations as being burdened with an inescapable sameness that made it impossible to trust one another. Mistrust, contempt and mutual suspicion were the flip side of close social relations and culminated in accusations ofuchawi(Swahili: witchcraft). However, these accusations did not have a disintegrative effect; paradoxically, their impact on social relations among the vendors was integrative. On the one hand,uchawiallegations expressed the claustrophobic feeling of stifling relations; on the other, they compelled the accused to adhere to a shared morality of egalitarian relations and exposed the feeling that the accused individual was worthy of scrutiny, indicating that relationships with him were of particular importance to others.

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Bender Shetler, Jan. « Historical memory as a foundation for peace : Network formation and ethnic identity in North Mara, Tanzania ». Journal of Peace Research 47, n^o 5 (septembre 2010) : 639–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343310376441.

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Magoti, Iddy Ramadhani. « Compromising for Peace through Ritual Practices among the Kuria of Tanzania and Kenya ». Utafiti 13, n^o 2 (18 mars 2018) : 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-01302005.

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Kuria people, who straddle both sides of the Kenya–Tanzania border, have experienced interminable intra- and inter-ethnic warfare emanating from cattle rustling. The Kuria people are stereotypically described as cantankerous and indisposed to compromise or forgiveness when they have been wronged. But on the contrary, archival and secondary information as well as oral interviews conducted in the region demonstrate that through participation in different ritual forms, the Kuria people themselves have been responsible for maintaining harmony and serenity with their neighbours. Kuria who abide by their cultural beliefs, social norms, and respect for traditional leadership, do forgive, regularly initiate reconciliations, and actively maintain peaceful relations through participation in various ritual forms. It is evident that rituals constitute an integral part of the customary process of conflict resolution and peace building among the Kuria. Especially those rituals related to the prevention of cattle rustling have gained recognition and formal support of the central states on both sides of the border, to the extent that the powers embodied in these traditional Kuria rituals have sometimes overridden the jurisdiction of modern courts established in the Kuria areas.

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Rekdal, Ole Bjørn. « Money, milk and sorghum beer : change and continuity among the Iraqw of Tanzania ». Africa 66, n^o 3 (juillet 1996) : 367–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160958.

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This article focuses on the symbolic qualities of sorghum beer and milk among the Iraqw of northern Tanzania. The author illustrates how the villagers in a southern Mbulu village handle and make use of these two products, and seeks to illuminate the manner in which they both become associated with qualities that are perceived as positive and desirable. With the spread of the market economy, and of money as a medium of exchange, the symbolic content of sorghum beer and milk has come under considerable pressure. As products in demand, they may today circulate in impersonal relations which lack the social and religious qualities that they traditionally communicated. The monetisation of sorghum beer and milk has not, however, caused a breakdown in established practices, or in the structures of meaning in which such practices are embedded. The article illuminates some of the processes which seem to be of importance in explaining this remarkable cultural continuity in the face of fairly radical social change. The examples of sorghum beer and milk seem to reflect and highlight more general dynamics of change and continuity among the Iraqw, and it is suggested that they may help to shed light on certain seemingly paradoxical ways in which the Iraqw have been conceived by outsiders and by members of neighbouring ethnic groups.

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Thomas, Caroline. « Challenges of Nation-Building : Uganda—A Case Study ». India Quarterly : A Journal of International Affairs 41, n^o 3-4 (juillet 1985) : 320–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097492848504100302.

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The success or failure of nation-building in the new states has far-reaching implications for domestic, regional and international stability and security. This is aptly illustrated in South Asia today, where differences of language, culture and religion forge great obstacles to the creation of single nation states in both India and Sri Lanka. However, of all the regions of the developing world, it is sub-Saharan Africa that perhaps presents the greatest challenge to the idea of a nation-state. Colonial boundaries cut through ethnic groups and led to the creation of post-colonial states that were in no sense nations. These states contained several nations (or tribes) or part of nations within them. Unity that had been forged to rid colonies of foreign rule collapsed when independence was won and tribal loyalties resurfaced. Some states, such as Tanzania, have fared better than others since then in their efforts to create domestic unity, harmony and a nation-state. Others, such as Uganda, have sunk into anarchy. This paper looks at the example of Uganda in some detail. Particular attention is paid to the decade of the 1970's when Idi Amin was in power, and Uganda hit the international headlines on account of his reign of terror. Trends and events, both before and after Amin, are examined in an effort to establish whether the 1970's were an aberration or part of a continuing tradition of represssion in the name of state security. The Tanzanian action of intervening in Uganda, whatever the motive, had the effect of ridding Uganda of Amin. This action is analyzed in terms of its legitimacy and its consequences. The idea that nation-building is something which has to be generated from within, and cannot be imposed from without, is raised.

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Balezin, Alexander Stepanovich. « USSR and Zanzibar in the Years of Its Struggle for Independence and Unification with Tanganyika (Based on Archival Sources) ». Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, n^o 1 (15 décembre 2020) : 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-54-66.

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Based on documents from the Russian archives - the Archive of foreign policy of the Russian Federation, the State archive of the Russian Federation, and the Russian state archive of modern history, the article examines the relations of the USSR with Zanzibar in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Soviet-Zanzibar relations are examined against the background of a complex period in the history of the island state, which included the stages of inter-party rivalry during the struggle for independence, the Zanzibar revolution itself, and the unification with Tanganyika. The author also draws attention to the ethnic composition of the Zanzibar population in the years before the start of the national liberation movement, the history of the origin of ethnic groups in the archipelago and their traditional relationships. The author examines in detail the composition and political orientation of the parties that took part in the struggle for independence. He also considers the influence of the political spectrum and the international situation of the Cold War period on the decisions of national leaders in choosing a support side for further development. The author also considers actions of two leading actors of the bipolar system, the USSR and the USA, in the struggle for influence on the young national elites of Zanzibar in particular, and then Tanzania as a whole. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the United States actions and its allies to intervene the party struggle within Zanzibar society and the further reaction of the USSR to these steps. He also considers the reasons for the decline in Soviet influence on Zanzibar and the events that led to the closure of the Soviet diplomatic missions. The author points out the ambiguity of Zanzibar and Tanganyika’s unification, which could be perceived as an artificial political act supported by interested global forces than the process of voluntary unification of the two young countries. A number of issues are considered almost for the first time in Russian historiography.

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Xiaoyang, Tang, et Janet Eom. « Time Perception and Industrialization : Divergence and Convergence of Work Ethics in Chinese Enterprises in Africa ». China Quarterly 238 (6 décembre 2018) : 461–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s030574101800142x.

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AbstractAs Chinese investors set up business operations in Africa, disagreements between Chinese and Africans regarding work attitudes have emerged. A prevailing view is that cultural differences cause tensions between groups with regards to the meaning of “hard work,” “discipline” and “eating bitterness.” However, we argue that conflicting perceptions of work ethics between Chinese and Africans are instead caused by evolving notions of time that accompany a transition from a pre-capitalist manner of production to that of industrial capitalism. First, we refute the assumption that culture determines work ethics. Second, we show that when a society industrializes, its notions of work ethics and time perception change; we then show how China's industrialization impacts its approaches to operations in Africa. Third, we use two case studies of Chinese investments in Tanzania and Ethiopia to illustrate how Chinese managers are changing African workers’ attitudes through time discipline. Finally, we discuss the implications of a convergence of work ethics between Chinese and Africans.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Tanzania – Ethnic relations"

Miller, Sarah Ann Deardorff. « IO power from within ? : UNHCR's surrogate statehood in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda ». Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e714c092-c127-4c1a-a28c-8d9496443bc2.

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This thesis examines the role of international organizations (IOs) at the domestic level. While International Relations (IR) offers an extensive literature on IOs, with understandings of IOs ranging from instruments of states to autonomous actors, it tends to ignore the role of IOs working at the domestic level, with an 'on-the-ground' presence of their own, and what this means for the IO's relationship with the state. The thesis develops a heuristic framework for understanding what is called IO 'domestication', which outlines a range of ways an IO can work domestically. It then focuses on one type domestication in particular: surrogate statehood, or cases where an IO substitutes for the state by providing services, executing functions of governance, and assuming authority in a given locale. The framework identifies indicators of surrogacy, the conditions for IO surrogacy, and reasons why it is sustained. It also considers the various types of relationship that can emerge from IO surrogacy between the IO and the state, ranging from states that willingly choose to abdicate responsibility to the IO, to states that partner with the IO. Empirically, the thesis examines these relationships through the case studies of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, which present a spectrum of UNHCR’s surrogacy over time. Ultimately, the thesis puts forth a counterintuitive claim: IOs that take on surrogate state properties actually have less influence on the states in which they are working. The analysis draws on two mechanisms to help explain this outcome: marginalisation of the state, and responsibility shifting.

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LÄMMERT, Stephanie. « Finding the right words : languages of litigation in Shambaa native courts in Tanganyika, c.1925- 1960 ». Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/47028.

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Defence date: 26 June 2017
Examining Board: Prof. Corinna Unger, EUI (First Reader); Prof. Federico Romero, EUI (Second Reader); Prof. Andreas Eckert, Humboldt University Berlin (External Supervisor); Prof. Emma Hunter, University of Edinburgh (External Examiner)
This Ph.D. thesis is concerned with the way litigants of the Usambara Mountains in Tanganyika spoke and wrote about their disputes and grievances under British rule. Language and narratives are at the core of my analysis. While I will give an overview of litigation patterns of the so-called 'native courts' in the Usambara Mountains from the late 1930s to 1960, and will examine clusters of recurring cases, my main concern is not to write a social history of these courts, but a cultural one. I am interested in recurring narratives and their intellectual roots. What kind of language did the Shambaa and other African litigants use in lawsuits and the many petitions and letters that accompanied their suits? What might have influenced them in their strategic choice of language? What intellectual sources did they draw from? While I am also interested in the outcomes of cases and the success of narratives, my objective is to treat these emerging narratives as windows into specific local perspectives. Why did Shambaa litigants depart so markedly from legal language? Was the legalistic language unsuitable for a specific Shambaa understanding of the law, or were the courts themselves not perceived as places for the dispensation of justice?

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Livres sur le sujet "Tanzania – Ethnic relations"

Christian-Muslim relations in Africa : The cases of northern Nigeria and Tanzania compared. London : British Academic Press in association with the Danish Research Council for the Humanities and Jens Nørregaards og Hal Kocks Mindefond ; New York : Distributed by St. Martin's Press, 1993.

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War of words, war of stones : Racial thought and violence in colonial Zanzibar. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 2011.

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Between five lines : The development of ethnicity in Tanzania with special reference to the western Bagamoyo District. Saarijarvi : Finnish Anthropological Society, 1997.

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Abdallah, Ngware Suleiman Shaaban, et Kironde J. M. Lusugga, dir. Urbanising Tanzania : Issues, initiatives, and priorities. Dar es Salaam : DUP (1996) Ltd, University of Dar es Salaam, 2000.

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Fouéré, Marie-Aude. Les relations à plaisanteries en Afrique (Tanzanie) : Discours savants et pratiques locales. Paris : Harmattan, 2008.

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Les relations à plaisanteries en Afrique (Tanzanie) : Discours savants et pratiques locales. Paris : Harmattan, 2008.

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Omulo, Otieno Aroko. The big response : A rejoinder to alternative press or gutter journalism. Nairobi, Kenya : Candid Surveillance of Kenya, 2001.

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Rasmussen, Lissi. Christian and Muslim Relations in Africa : The Cases of Northern Nigeria and Tanzania Compared. I. B. Tauris, 1993.

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Glassman, Jonathon. War of Words, War of Stones : Racial Thought and Violence in Colonial Zanzibar. Indiana University Press, 2011.

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Ngware, Suleiman, et J. M. Lusugga Kironde. Urbanising Tanzania : Issues, Initiatives and Priorities. Dar Es Salaam Univ Pr, 2000.

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