Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tanistry »

AbstractThis article explores the legal strategies of negotiation employed by Gaelic lords in early modern Munster through a case study of the O'Driscoll lordship of Collymore, County Cork. The late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries produced an environment of intense legal contestation, as indigenous legal practices and hierarchies were methodically attacked by the colonial administration. But, as English administrators attempted to eradicate Irish legal precedent (and with it the legitimacy of the Gaelic aristocracy), Gaelic lords responded with new and often innovative legal strategies. The territory of Collymore presents a microcosm of the legal tensions produced by and under the Munster plantation, subject to competing claims by rival O'Driscoll heirs, MacCarthy Reagh overlords, ‘Old English’ neighbours and incoming planters. This article offers a reconstruction and analysis of the complex legal disputes surrounding Collymore. It argues that through otherwise routine legal interactions like inheritance disputes and chancery suits, Irish lords reframed their authority in the vocabulary of English law, trading tanistry for primogeniture and the language of overlordship for that of landlordship. Through these rhetorical and theoretical shifts, they attempted to redefine the very basis and nature of their authority.

Au début du XVIIème siècle, le procureur général d’Irlande John Davies (1569-1626) contribue à la mise en application définitive du droit anglais dans l’île, dont la conquête a eu lieu au XIIème siècle. À cette fin, il s’attaque frontalement au droit successoral traditionnel irlandais (appelé tanistry), gouvernant la transmission du pouvoir dans les seigneuries. Il en soutient l’abolition devant la justice (Case of tanistry), ainsi que dans ses écrits sur l’histoire de la colonisation de l’île à partir du XIIème siècle. L’étude de l’œuvre de John Davies permet donc d’aborder la question de la conquête de l’Irlande par l’Angleterre sous l’angle juridique. Le droit successoral apparaît en effet comme un enjeu central, sa modification par les Anglais permettant d’aboutir à la maîtrise des terres, et donc à un contrôle de l’île toute entière. Les écrits juridiques de l’auteur ne doivent cependant pas occulter l’activité de propagande qui caractérise également son œuvre. L’ensemble de ses écrits permet ainsi d’appréhender les enjeux politiques et juridiques mais aussi l’évolution de la conquête, pendant une période particulièrement longue
At the beginning of the 17th century, John Davies (1569-1626), the Attorney General of Ireland, contributed to the definitive application of English law on the island, which had been conquered in the 12th century. To this end, he attacked head-on the traditional Irish law of succession (known as tanistry), which governed the transmission of power in the lordships, and which he supported the abolition in the courts (Case of tanistry), as well as in his writings on the history of the colonization of the island from the twelfth century onwards. A study of John Davies's work therefore allows us to approach the question of the conquest of Ireland by England from a legal angle. Inheritance law appears to be a central issue, as its modification by the English would lead to control of the land and therefore control of the whole island. The author's legal writing should not, however, overshadow the propaganda activity that also characterizes his work. Taken together, his writings provide an insight into the political and legal issues at stake, as well as the development of the conquest over a particularly long period