Thèses : « Tamarini »

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Jamison, Levi Ryder, et Levi Ryder Jamison. « Population Dynamics of the Northern Tamarisk Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) Within the Colorado River Basin ». Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622863.

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The Northern tamarisk beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) was introduced to the Colorado River Basin in 2004 as a biological control agent for the invasive shrub: tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). Since 2004, D. carinulata has colonized much of the Colorado River Basin, defoliating tamarisk and adapting to local abiotic cues as it has spread across the landscape. I studied the interplay of abiotic cues, tamarisk defoliation, and the population dynamics of D. carinulata along portions of the Colorado, Dolores, and San Juan rivers from 2007-2012. My results suggest that the timing and location of tamarisk defoliation can be predicted based on the abiotic cues of a location (specifically temperature and day length) and the spatial distribution of D. carinulata across the landscape. In contrast, I also found that the spatial distribution of D. carinulata was often a result of D. carinulata abandoning areas where it had defoliated tamarisk at high intensities. I found that larval abundances from the first new generation of D. carinulata produced in a year were positively linearly correlated with defoliation intensities one month later. Comparatively, generations of larvae produced later in the season were correlated with defoliation intensity along a bell curve, in which the number of D. carinulata declined in areas>50% defoliated. The timing of defoliation during the active season was correlated with the arrival of each new generation of larvae. I found the number of generations of D. carinulata produced in a year varied based on spring temperatures and fall day lengths. The timing of when spring temperatures rose above 15°C dictated when D. carinulata could begin reproductive activity, and this in turn resulted in how early in the year tamarisk could become defoliated. Day length cues governing overwintering in D. carinulata appear to have shortened by>30 min. compared to populations of D. carinulata first released in North America in 2001, resulting in longer duration of activity into the fall. We found the range of D. carinulata could grow as much as 62.8±5.6 km in a year along a linear riparian system, and populations of D. carinulata could defoliate between 24±11.2 and 116±11.2 km of river corridor tamarisk in a year.

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Pearlstein, Susanna Lee. « Methods for Measuring Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) Water Use on Two Sub-Watersheds in The Western United States as Impacted by The Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda spp.) ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594631.

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The Dolores River in Utah and the Virgin River in Nevada are ecosystems under pressure from increased groundwater withdrawal due to growing human populations, climate change and introduced species such as Tamarix spp. (tamarisk). Tamarisk is reputed to take excessive water from its environment. Controlling tamarisk is of concern in the western United States where plants grow quickly in already fragile and diminishing riparian areas. For this reason, biologic control beetles Chrysomelidae: Diorhabda carinulata were released to weaken the tamarisk population, thus reducing its water use. The studies for this dissertation were conducted between 2010 and 2011. We quantified tamarisk water use over multiple cycles of annual defoliation using sap flow measurements, leaf area index (LAI), well data, allometry and satellite imagery from EOS-1 Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) sensor. Study objectives for the Virgin River were to measure evapotranspiration (ET) before beetles ever arrived and to examine the effects on tamarisk ET in the year after beetle arrival. This site showed plant ET from sap flow averaged about 4.3 mm m⁻² leaf day⁻¹ in 2010. In 2011, ET from sap flow averaged 6.4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ pre beetle arrival, but dropped to 3-4 mm m⁻² leaf area day⁻¹ after beetle arrival. Stand level ET measured by MODIS was 2.2 mm d⁻¹ in 2010 and approximately 1.5 mm day⁻¹ when beetle arrival was measured in 2011. Significant visual change was apparent as the trees senesced. Results showed the first year of beetle arrival resulted in reduced ET but did not result in significant water savings. We also compared the reaction of the newly defoliated (in 2011) Virgin River site to the long-term defoliated (since 2007) Dolores River site to explore if all beetle invasions were created equal. This paper views the two sites as fairly extreme examples of tamarisk stand reaction to the beetle. While no mortality was reported at the Dolores River site, the site is much older, less photosynthetically active and covers far less ground when compared to the younger tamarisk monoculture on the Virgin River. Pre-beetle arrival Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values were higher on the Virgin River than on the Dolores River. Beetle arrival at each site was captured with Landsat NDVI and a reduced NDVI signal (13% drop in NDVI at Dolores River, 5% drop at Virgin River) was seen after beetle arrival.

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Watanabe, Anna Paula. « Microfiltraçao de suco de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) por membrana polimerica : efeito do tratamento enzimatico, da velocidade tangencial e da pressao transmembrana ». [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254793.

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Orientador: Luiz Antonio Viotto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A aplicação do processo de microfiltração para clarificação de certos sucos de frutas tem demonstrado resultados economicamente viáveis. Inúmeros sucos de frutas típicas do Brasil ainda não foram testados neste tipo de processo, visando a sua clarificação. Suco de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) reconstituído na proporção de 1 de polpa para 3 de água foi microfiltrado a 35ºC, em membrana tubular de polipropileno de diâmetro médio de poro de 0,2 µm, variando-se as condições de pressão transmembrana, velocidade de escoamento e utilizando ou não um pré-tratamento enzimático da polpa. Foram observados fluxos finais de permeado de 70 a 115 kg/m2h. O aumento da pressão transmembrana aumentou o fouling, mas resultou em altos valores de fluxo de permeação, tanto iniciais quanto finais. Alta pressão associada ao uso de enzima pectinolítica na concentração de 100 ppm apresentou o melhor resultado de fluxo final, a um fator de concentração igual a dois e, conseqüentemente, no menor tempo de processamento. O aumento da velocidade de escoamento e uso de baixas pressões melhorou o fluxo de modo geral, e o uso concomitante de enzima, melhorou ainda mais o fluxo. Ao usar alta velocidade e alta pressão, o fluxo foi elevado no processamento em que não foi feito o tratamento enzimático. Entretanto, no processamento em que foi realizado o tratamento enzimático, o fluxo diminui em 26%, possivelmente devido ao aumento do fouling na membrana. O permeado obtido apresentou uma coloração amarelo ouro, límpido e sem presença de sólidos insolúveis. Houve também retenção de sólidos solúveis (açúcares e pectinas, entre outros) e, conseqüentemente, dos sólidos totais (diminuição da umidade no retentado). Os resultados de fluxo de permeado em diversas condições de operação permitiram uma análise da influência da camada gel e do fouling de acordo com a teoria de resistências em série. Os dados obtidos para a construção da curva de permação foram ajustados a um modelo matemático, baseado na teoria de renovação de superfície, e calcularam-se os valores da constante de declínio de fluxo. Estes foram maiores nos experimentos em que se fez uso de altas pressões e tratamento enzimático
Abstract: Clarification of a lot of fruit juices using microfiltration process has been showing viable economic results. Countless juices of typical fruits of Brazil aren't studied yet in membrane separation process. Tamarind juice (Tamarindus indica L.) reconstituted at 35ºC was microfiltred using a polypropylene tubular membrane of 0,2 µm average diameter poro. The operating conditions of transmembrane pressure, crossflow velocity and enzymatic treatment were evaluated. Final fluxes values of 70 until 115 kg/m2h was observed. The increase in transmembrane pressure resulted in high fouling, but increased the values of inicial and final permeates fluxes. Associated of enzyme pectinolitic at 100 ppm, this experiment presents the best result of final flux and, consequently, the smaller time processing. The increase in crossflow velocity and use of low transmembrane pressure improved the fluxes in general, and using enzymes at the same time, improved the fluxes even more. High crossflow velocities and high transmembrane pressures results in high fluxes just in the experiment without enzymatic treatment. In the experiment where enzymatic treatment was done, the flux reduce 26%, possible due to increase of the fouling on membrane. The permeate presents a gold yellow colour, cloudless and without insoluble solids. There was soluble solids (sugar, pectin etc.) retention and, consequently, total solids retention (reducing of humidity in retentate). The influence of polarized layer and the fouling in several operating conditions results of fluxes allow an analysis by resistance in series theory. The experimental data picked to permeate curve was ajusted to mathematical model based on surface renewal theory and the flux decay constant were calculated. There were higher on experiments with high pressure and enzymatic treatment
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos

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Hardie, Scott M. « The behaviour of mixed-species tamarin groups (Saguinus labiatus & ; Saguinus fuscicollis) ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21900.

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Saguinus labiatus lahiatus and S. juscicollis weddelli form stable mixed-species groups in the wild. This thesis investigates the costs and benefits of such an association, with particular emphasis on determining species differences, the "behavioural differences hypothesis". A nine month field study was conducted in northern Bolivia, which showed that the species differed in mean height used in the forest, method of locomotion, and preferred insect foraging strategies. Subsequent investigations were conducted on captive single species and mixed-species groups at Belfast Zoo. Preliminary observations of mixed-species groups in standard enclosures and while free-ranging, demonstrated that they behaved in a similar way to their wild counterparts, where the S. labiatus had priority of access to food and utilised a higher mean height in the cage. Therefore, it is reasonable to relate the results of captive investigations to the wild situation. The "behavioural differences hypothesis" was investigated through the presentation of novel objects in various parts of the environment. Both species' reactions to objects varied according to predictions based on their vertical partitioning. S. labiatus were found to use a more visually orientated approach than S. juscicollis, and this can be related to insect foraging strategies in the wild. An experiment was conducted with novel food and non-food objects, in order to test the "social facilitation hypothesis", which predicts that the behaviour of one species can orientate the other towards the presence of food. Results suggest that S. labiatus have priority of access to objects and are first to consume food, but S.juscicollis are able to use this behaviour and always gained some food. The results suggest that overall both species benefit from increased foraging efficiency. The hypothesis that individuals in mixed-species groups benefit from decreased predation through increased vigilance was investigated, and supported, as members of both species were shown to benefit from a decrease in individual vigilance effort, but an overall increase in total vigilance per unit time. This was shown in both general vigilance and in the active monitoring of a threatening stimuli. Findings are discussed in terms of costs and benefits towards the participants in mixed-species groups, and are compared to the main theoretical viewpoints in the literature.

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Ferreira, Karen Carvalho. « Caracterização integral de frutos tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.) do cerrado de Goiás, Brasil e aplicação em produtos drageados ». Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9124.

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Brazil is a country with different biomes and great diversity of little explored vegetal species, and the Cerrado biome is known for the wealth of resources and flora. Among the fruit trees in the Cerrado, the tamarind tree stands out. Its fruit has excellent nutritional properties, but researches involving all the fruit's uses are still insignificant. The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate tamarind pulp, shell and seeds (Tamarindus indica L.), to develop salted dragees using the flours of the by-products shell and seeds, besides evaluating the nutritional and sensorial quality of the dragees produced. The fruits were collected in Rio Verde and Ceres, Goiás, Brazil, and divided into pulp, shell and seeds. Physical, chemical, nutritional, calorimetry and antioxidant and antinutritional analyzes were performed. The results of this study indicated that the collected fruits obtained a higher proportion of pulp in relation to the residual parts, presented high carbohydrate content and low water activity for the three portions (pulp, peels and seeds) and lower values of ash, lipids and proteins. The shell and seed flours presented high content of total dietary fiber and pulp of the fruit had acid pH and high titratable acidity. The seed flour had a water absorption and solubility index greater than the shell flour, and a lower oil absorption index. The tamarind pulp presented 4 peaks in its thermogram (from 35 to 155 °C), and the tamarind shell and seed flours presented pulp-like behavior after 115 °C with 2 endothermic peaks. All the analyzed fruit portions had high antioxidant capacity, not significantly different from each other. The methanolic extract was more efficient in the extraction of the phenolic compounds of the three portions of tamarind, being the highest content found in the seeds. The tamarind shell showed low toxicity to Artemia salina and the seeds and pulp presented no toxicity. For the antinutritional factors, the tamarind pulp showed the highest nitrate content and absence of trypsin inhibitor. The tamarind seeds presented the highest amount of tannins. For the elaboration of the salted dragee with application of flours of by-products of tamarind was used the design of mixture with six formulations of dragees, where the closest to the commercial in relation to hardness was selected for the sensory and proximal analyzes. The dragee selected had lower instrumental hardness than commercial dragee and low water activity, high lipid, protein and energy value. The addition of flours of tamarind by-products influenced the fiber content, which was higher than in the commercial dragee. The dragee selected was well accepted, with the exception of the appearance attribute and, according to the tasters, would probably buy the new product.
O Brasil é um país com diferentes biomas e grande diversidade de espécies vegetais pouco exploradas, e o bioma Cerrado é conhecido pela riqueza de fauna e flora. Dentre as frutíferas existentes no Cerrado, destaca-se o tamarindeiro. Seu fruto apresenta excelentes propriedades nutricionais, porém pesquisas envolvendo todas as utilidades do fruto ainda são pouco significativas. O objetivo do trabalho foi caracterizar e avaliar polpa, casca e sementes de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.), desenvolver drageados salgados utilizando as farinhas dos subprodutos cascas e sementes, além de avaliar a qualidade nutricional e sensorial dos drageados produzidos. Os frutos foram coletados em Rio Verde e Ceres, Goiás, Brasil, e divididos em polpa, cascas e sementes. Realizou-se caracterização física, química, nutricional, calorimetria, antioxidantes e antinutricionais. Os resultados desse estudo indicaram que os frutos coletados obtiveram maior proporção de polpa em relação as partes residuais, apresentaram alto teor de carboidrato e baixa atividade de água para as três porções (polpa, cascas e sementes) e menores valores de cinzas, lipídeos e proteínas. As farinhas de casca e semente apresentaram alto teor de fibra alimentar total e polpa do fruto apresentou pH ácido e alta acidez titulável. A farinha das sementes apresentou índice de absorção e solubilidade em água maiores que a farinha das cascas, e menor índice de absorção de óleo. A polpa de tamarindo apresentou 4 picos em seu termograma (de 35 a 155°C), e as farinhas de casca e semente de tamarindo apresentaram comportamento semelhante a polpa após 115 °C, com 2 picos endotérmicos. Todas as porções do fruto analisadas apresentaram capacidade antioxidante, não diferindo significativamente entre si. O extrato metanólico foi mais eficiente na extração dos compostos fenólicos das três porções do tamarindo, sendo o maior teor encontrado nas sementes. A casca apresentou baixa toxicidade frente a Artemia salina e as sementes e polpa não apresentaram toxicidade. Para os fatores antinutricionais, a polpa de tamarindo apresentou o maior teor de nitratos e ausência de inibidor de tripsina. As sementes de tamarindo apresentaram a maior quantidade de taninos. Para a elaboração dos drageado salgado com aplicação de farinhas de coprodutos de tamarindo foi utilizado delineamento de mistura com seis formulações de drageados, onde o mais próximo do comercial em relação à dureza foi selecionado para as análises sensorial e proximal. O drageado selecionado apresentou dureza instrumental inferior à do drageado comercial e baixa atividade de água, alto valor de lipídeos, proteínas e valor energético. A adição das farinhas de coprodutos de tamarindo influenciou o conteúdo de fibras, sendo este mais elevado que no drageado comercial. O drageado selecionado obteve boa aceitação, com exceção do atributo aparência e, de acordo com os provadores, provavelmente comprariam o novo produto.

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Martenson, Melissa Elizabeth. « An assessment of behavior associated with reproduction and infant caretaking in a captive family group of Saguinus midas midas ». PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4195.

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The present study gathered both general and specific information about the behavior of a captive family group of Saguinus midas midas [red-handed tamarins] housed at the Washington Park Zoo, Portland, Oregon, USA. Saquinus midas midas is a rarely studied species, and detailed information about the behavior of this species is virtually nonexistent. For this reason, this study collected information about both activity budgets and social grouping within this family group. The primary focus of this study was, however, the socialization of captive juvenile tamarins with respect to several behaviors relevant to reproductive success among the Callitrichidae. The behaviors assessed were: scent marking [reproductive suppression]; mounting, thrusting, allogrooming, huddling [pair-bonding]; food transferring, and infant carrying [infant caretaking]. Socialization was defined as the process of social learning that guides young primates in the day to day life of a species and was assumed to occur via two potential processes: active participation and passive observation. It was supposed that juveniles may learn behaviors relevant to pair-bonding and infant caretaking by participating in interactions with other group members. It was also supposed that juveniles may further learn about these behaviors by observing a pair-bonded male and female. Recognizing the potential importance of both socialization processes, this study attempted to answer several questions with respect to the aforementioned behaviors: do juveniles and adults engage in these behaviors, and, if the behavior is a social interaction, with whom?

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Price, Eluned C. « Reproductive strategies of cotton-top tamarins ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257551.

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Fanutti, Cristina. « The selective hydrolysis of tamarind seed xyloglucan (tamarind gum) using enzymes isolated from germinated nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) cotyledons ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386556.

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Haitana, Tracy Nicola. « Testing Tamariki : How Suitable is the PPVT-III ? » Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1399.

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In New Zealand, Māori currently experience the "poorest health status of any ethnic group" characterised by high rates of physical and mental illness, educational underachievement, unemployment, criminal incarceration, and low socioeconomic status (Durie, 1998; Ministry of Health, 1999, 2002a, p. 2). Despite attempts to reduce the disparities between Māori and other New Zealanders, Māori continue to have a lower life expectancy than non-Māori (Durie, 1998; Reid, 1999). Māori children show similar levels of disadvantage experiencing high rates of illness and preventable death (Ministry of Health, 1998). Māori children also achieve poorly in educational settings, with literacy levels and overall involvement in education found to be below that of non-Māori (Ministry of Education, 2003a). Research findings have identified that health and educational disparities may be explained in part, by a mismatch between current approaches to practice and service delivery, and the values, beliefs, and experiences of Māori (Phillips, McNaughton, & MacDonald, 2004). In line with such findings, a number of standardised psychometric tests developed outside of New Zealand, have also been found to produce culturally biased results when used with Māori (Ogden, 2003; Ogden & McFarlane-Nathan, 1997). The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-III) is one such test which is currently used in New Zealand to measure receptive vocabulary skills (Stockman, 2000). This research investigated the suitability of the PPVT-III with 46 Māori children from three different age groups. Results revealed that the PPVT-III appeared to be suitable for use with Māori, although a number of suggestions were made as to ways in which the administration and interpretation of PPVT-III test scores could be adjusted when working with Māori. Additional research is required to establish whether changes to culturally biased items may improve the validity of the PPVT-III for use with Māori.

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Thompson, Christopher L. « Treatment of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) : Economics and Feasibility ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/163.

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The invasive species Saltcedar is affecting water and land resources throughout the western states of America. Because of great water use capabilities and other ecosystem detriments, Saltcedar has been targeted for treatment. For successful management of Saltcedar, individual landowners need to be aware of the costs and benefits of treating Saltcedar. Eleven of the most commonly reported treatment methods were evaluated for firm level economic feasibility. Evaluated on the basis of treatment cost, treatment effectiveness, Saltcedar water-use, and re-vegetation water-use, a production plan of ten years was created for each treatment method. Some treatment methods required re-treatment and were evaluated with re-treatments most commonly found in the literature. Of the treatment methods evaluated, five treatment methods were determined to be most feasible. Landowner valuation of environmental changes in the ecosystem brought on by Saltcedar is very important in the decision of which treatment method to implement. Personal valuation, over a period of ten years, will often determine which treatment methods are most cost efficient.

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Dolins, Francine Leigh. « Spatial relational learning and foraging in cotton-top tamarins ». Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3466.

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Spatial relationalleaming can be defined as the use of the spatial (geometric) relationship between two or more cues (landmarks) in order to locate additional points in space (O'Keefe and Nadel, 1979). An internal spatial representation enables an animal to compute novel locations and travel routes from familiar landmarks and routes (Dyer, 1993). A spatial representation is an internal construct mediating between perceived stimuli in the environment and the behaviour of the animal (Tolman, 1948). In this type of spatial representation the information encoded must be isomorphic with the physical environment such that the geometric relations of distance, angle and direction are maintained or can be computed from the stored information (Gallistel, 1990). A series of spatial and foraging task experiments were conducted to investigate the utilisation of spatial relational learning as a spatial strategy available to cotton-top tamarins (Sag uinus oedipus oedipus). The apparatus used was an 8x8 matrix of holes set in an upright wooden board to allow for the manipulation of visual cues and hidden food items such that the spatial configuration of cues and food could be transformed (translated or rotated) with respect to the perimeter of the board. The definitive test of spatial relational learning was whether the monkeys relied upon the spatial relationship between the visual cues to locate the position of the hidden food items. In a control experiment testing for differential use of perceptual information the results showed that if given the choice, tamarins relied on visual over olfactory cues in a foraging task. Callitrichids typically depend on olfactory communication in socio-sexual contexts so it was unusual that olfaction did not also play a significant role in foraging. In the first spatial learning experiment, the tamarins were found to rely on the three visually presented cues to locate the eleven hidden food items. However, their performance was not very accurate. In the next experiment the task was simplified so that the types of spatial strategies the monkeys were using to solve the foraging task could be clearly identified. In this experiment, only two visual cues were presented on either end of a line of four hidden food items. Once the monkeys were trained to these cues, the cues and food were translated and/or rotated on the board. Data from the beginning and middle of each testing session were used in the final analysis: in a previous analysis it was found that the monkeys initially searched the baited holes in the beginning of a testing session and thereafter predominantly searched unbaited holes. This suggests that they followed a win-stay/lose-shift foraging strategy, a finding that is supported by other studies of tamarins in captivity (Menzel and Juno, 1982) and the wild (Garber, 1989). The results also showed that the monkeys were searching predominately between the cues and not outside or around of them, indicating that they were locating the hidden food by using the spatial relationship between the visual cues. This provides evidence for the utilisation of spatial relational learning as a foraging strategy by cotton-top tamarins and the existence of complex internal spatial representations. Further studies are suggested to test captive monkeys' spatial relational capabilities and their foraging strategies. In addition, comparative and field studies are outlined that would provide information regarding New World monkeys' spatial learning abilities, neurophysiological organisation and the evolution of complex computational processes.

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Koff, Rashida. « Tamarind - the Ethnic Minority Film and a way beyond ». Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8026.

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Someone once told me: ""In order to write well, you have to write what you know"" - this piece of advice seems obvious and simple and yet - as it turned out, it was the most difficult piece of advice to process and follow. The reason: what I know was that I was a young, female, Cape Malay filmmaker. My experiences, has largely taken place within the Cape Malay community. Religious documentaries aside, I had never before seen any representation of myself, or may community on screen. The task I had set myself seemed impossible. I had researched Thirld world theory in cinema and the weight of expectation that I felt afterward seemed a burden too hard to carry. This was not because I was in unchartered territory, but because this path has been walked by many before me: African-American filmmakers; Non-resident Indian filmmakers; Pilipino-American filmmakers; Mexican-American filmmakers; Afro-Brazilian filmmakers; Asian-American filmmakers. The list goes on and on. The one common thread is that these people felt a need to provide another point of view other than the ones seen in mainstream film and television. Their films have been like voices for the token characters that we've seen in countless mainstream films.

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McClung, Maureen R. Wiley R. Haven. « Variation in the vocalizations of tamarins (saguinus) in Amazonian Peru ». Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,447.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Biology." Discipline: Biology; Department/School: Biology.

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Shooshtari, M. Mahmoudian. « Aspects of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the cottontop tamarin ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337694.

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Smith, Andrew C. « Comparative ecology of saddleback (Saguinus fuscicollis) and moustached (Saguinus mystax) tamarins ». Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387710.

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Franklin, Samuel Patrick. « Predator influence on golden lion tamarin nest choice and presleep behavior ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1388.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.
Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Vasconcellos, Marne Carvalho de. « Clinical toxicology and genotoxicity evaluation of the phytomedicine Tamaril (Capsule) on healthy vounteers ». Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=42.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
TamarilÂ is a phytomedicine constituded of 5 medicinal plants well known for their laxative proprieties: Cassia fistula (soft extract), Cassia angustifolia (Senna), Coriandrum sativum L. e Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (AlcaÃuz) and Tamarindus indicus L. (soft extract). Every medication to be launched on the market must succeed in a series of research steps, where clinical toxicology evaluation is an important one among them. Genotoxic assessment, which aims on the processes altering DNA integrity, is a relatively recent field in drug development and stands on the interface between toxicology and genetics. This study consisted on the evaluation of clinical safety and genotoxic potential of TamarilÂ capsules in healthy volunteers. The clinical evaluation consisted of an open study with 25 healthy volunteers of both sexes (13 males and 12 females) who received a daily oral dose of two capsules TamarilÂ for 28 consecutive days. The volunteers were selected for the study if considered in good health after criterious clinical, physical and laboratorial evaluations. At the end of the 28 study days, blood samples (5 mL) were collected from each volunteer for the genotoxic assessment of TamarilÂ on peripheral lymphocytes through the comet assay. The mean age of the volunteers was of 30.1Â 6.9 years and the body mass index was of 24.21Â3.00 Kg/cm2 on the pre-study evaluation and 24.26Â3.05 Kg/cm2 on the post-study. Hematological, hepatic, renal and metabolic functions, as well as sodium and potassium did not show signs of abnormality in any volunteer throughout the weeks of the study. Soften faces, abdominal pain and flatulence were the adverse events regularly observed. Through the comet assay, score 1 DNA damage was most frequently registered on peripheral lymphocytes of volunteers treated with TamarilÂ (p<0.05). Clinical and genotoxic evaluation of healthy volunteers receiving TamarilÂ for 28 uninterrupted days did not show signs of toxicity related to the treatment.
O TamarilÂ Ã um fitoterÃpico composto de cinco plantas medicinais: Cassia fistula (extrato mole), Cassia angustifolia (Sene), Coriandrum sativum L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (AlcaÃuz), e Tamarindus indicus L. (extrato mole); todas com conhecida aÃÃo laxativa. Todo medicamento que vai ser registrado pela AgÃncia Nacional de VigilÃncia SanitÃria (Anvisa), passa por diversas etapas de pesquisa sendo uma delas a toxicologia clÃnica. A genotoxicidade Ã uma especialidade relativamente recente, e se situa na interface entre a toxicologia e a genÃtica. Esta visa o estudo dos processos que alteram o DNA (Ãcido desoxirribonuclÃico). O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a seguranÃa e o potencial genotÃxico da formulaÃÃo de TamarilÂ cÃpsulas em voluntÃrios saudÃveis. O ensaio clÃnico consistiu de um estudo aberto com 25 voluntÃrios de ambos os sexos, (13 homens e 12 mulheres), que receberam diariamente duas cÃpsulas de TamarilÂ v.o. por 28 dias ininterruptos. Os voluntÃrios foram incluÃdos no estudo apÃs avaliaÃÃo clÃnica, exames fÃsicos e laboratoriais. Ao final de 28 dias, amostras de sangue (5mL) foram coletadas de cada voluntÃrio, para avaliar o efeito genotÃxico do TamarilÂ em linfÃcitos perifÃricos humanos atravÃs do teste do cometa. A idade mÃdia dos voluntÃrios foi de 30,1 Â 6,9 anos e o Ãndice de massa corpÃrea foi de 24,21 Â 3,00 Kg/ cm2 no prÃ-estudo e 24,26 Â 3,05 Kg/ cm2 no pÃs-estudo. As funÃÃes hematolÃgica, hepÃtica, renal e metabÃlica, bem como os eletrÃlitos sÃdio e potÃssio foram analisados semanalmente atravÃs dos exames laboratoriais, os quais nÃo evidenciaram sinal de toxicidade, estando todos os resultados dentro da faixa de normalidade. Fezes pastosas, dor abdominal e flatulÃncia foram os eventos adversos mais observados. Pelo teste do cometa, foram observados danos tipo 1 (p<0,05) nos linfÃcitos perifÃricos dos voluntÃrios tratados com TamarilÂ. Os estudos de Toxicologia ClÃnica e genotoxicidade nÃo evidenciaram nenhuma toxicidade nos voluntÃrios tratados com TamarilÂ por 28 dias ininterruptos 2 cÃpsulas por dia v.o.

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Peres, Carlos Augusto. « Ecology of mixed-species groups of tamarins in Amazonian terra firme forests ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278502.

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Monclaro, Antonielle Vieira. « Estudos do potencial do fungo Aspergillus tamarii na degradação da biomassa lignocelulósica ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/32387.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2018.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).
Nesta tese foram feitos estudos mais aprofundados de enzimas produzidas pelo fungo Aspergillus tamarii em diferentes contextos de degradação de biomassa lignocelulósica. O primeiro trabalho avaliou a influência de condições de cultivo na ação de celulases e xilanases e demonstrou que ferramentas estatísticas (CCD e CCRD) são necessárias para avaliar o comportamento da enzima em diferentes condições. Os resultados demonstraram que utilização de triptona como fonte de nitrogênio inibiu fortemente a atividade das celulases, enquanto aumentou das xilanases. Além disso, a suplementação com CuSO4 aumentou a atividade de todas as enzimas. Sugere-se que influência dos componentens do meio de culturam devem ser considerados ao fazer um planjamento de coquetel enzimático de fungo. O segundo trabalho avaliou os parâmetros termodinâmicos de uma xilanase pura de baixa massa molecular (22 kDa) de A. tamarii ativa em ácido ferúlico. Após análise de molecular docking de uma xilanase de A. niger com ácido ferúlico, identificou-se que o possível sítio de ligação do ácido ferúlico é no sítio catalítico da enzima. Baseado nisso, foi feita uma avaliação dos parâmetros termodinâmicos de ligação do ácido ferúlico na xilanase de A. tamarii e demonstrou-se que há uma mudança conformacional da enzima na presença do ácido ferúlico, que influencia no encaixe do substrato no sítio catalítico, e dessa forma a enzima se torna ativa ou tolerante. Por fim, dois genes de LPMOs da família AA9 foram clonadas e expressas em Pichia pastoris da linhagem PichiaPink™. As enzimas foram expressas apenas com seus domínios catalíticos. As duas AA9, nomeadas AtAA9.1_SD e AtAA9.2_SD, foram caracterizadas em função da regioseletividade e especificidade ao substrato. AtAA9.1_SD é uma AA9 com oxidação na posição C4 que possui atividade em celulose (PASC), celopentose, xiloglucana e possivelmente xilana e liquenana. AtAA9.2_SD é uma AA9 com oxidação na posição C1/C4 e que possui atividade em celulose (PASC), xiloglucana e possivelmente xilana. Utilizando o fungo A. tamarii como objeto de estudo, mostrou-se que ele possui potencial na aplicação da degradação da biomassa por possuir enzimas com características únicas.
This thesis discusses in-deep studies from enzymes produced by Aspergillus tamari in different contexts of lignocellulose biomass degradation. The first part of this work evaluated the influence of different conditions in cellulase and xylanase activity. Statistic tools (CCD and CCRD) demonstrated their importance to evaluate the behavior of these enzymes in different conditions. The results showed that the use of tryptone as a nitrogen source inhibited cellulase activity while activated xylanase activity. Supplementation with CuSO4 increased activity of both enzymes. The influence of culture medium composition in the enzymatic activity might be considered when designing enzymatic cocktail from fungi. The second part of this work evaluated thermodynamic parameters of a pure low molecular-weight xylanase (22 kDa) from A. tamarii that was active in the presence of ferulic acid. Molecular docking of a xylanase from A. niger with ferulic acid displayed that most probably the ligand interacts with the catalytic site of the enzyme. Based on this, thermodynamic parameters of the xylanase from A. tamarii with ferulic acid were assessed. The results indicated that there was a conformational change of the enzyme in the presence of ferulic acid, and this influenced the fitting of the substrate in the catalytic site, making the enzyme active in or tolerante to the presence of ferulic acid. The last part of this work studied two AA9 LPMOs from A. tamarii. They were cloned and expressed in PichiaPink™. These two enzymes were expressed in a truncated version, with only the catalytic domain, because the vector could not express the proteins’s full length. They were named AtAA9.1_SD and AtAA9.2_SD and were characterized based on their regioselectivity and specificity to substrate. AtAA9.1_SD is a C4-oxidizer with activity in cellulose (PASC), cellopentaose, xyloglucan and probably xylan and lichenan. AtAA9.2_SD is a C1/C4-oxidizer with activity in cellulose (PASC), xyloglucan and probably xylan. This thesis showed that A. tamarii has potential in biomass degradation mainly due to its enzymes with exclusive features.

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Kierulff, Maria Cecilia Martins. « Ecology and behaviour of translocated groups of Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272025.

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Hankerson, Sarah Eileen Johnson. « Resource and space use in the wild golden lion tamarin, (Leontopithecus rosalia) ». College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8812.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics Program. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Arp, Joshua James. « A contextual consideration of 1 Samuel 21:1-10 relative to Jesus' citation of it in Matthew 12:1-8 ». Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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BRAZILEIRO, Ricardo Borges. « tAMARINO : uma abordagem visual para prototipagem rápida em computação física / Ricardo Borges Brazileiro ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/12362.

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As práticas de desenvolvimento em computação física embutem dois desafios: a construção do hardware e o desenvolvimento do software. Engenheiros, técnicos e demais especialistas foram historicamente responsáveis pela missão de resolver estes desafios, o que minimizou a necessidade de ferramentas amigáveis para programação e prototipagem em eletrônica. O conhecimento compartilhado de tecnologias e o movimento open-source - para muito além da técnica – impulsionaram o desenvolvimento de produtos fora do modus operandis industrial e o surgimento de desenvolvedores incomuns: artistas, designers e Makers. Diante disso, toolkits como Arduino e Fritzing surgiram para solucionar os desafios. No entanto, muito pode ser feito para acelerar o processo de concepção e prototipagem à esses Makers. tAMARINO é uma proposta de um ambiente visual único e intuitivo para acelerar a prototipagem em computação física. O sistema atua na prototipagem do software e do hardware ao mesmo tempo, o que acelera os primeiros passos. A primeira versão da aplicação foi concebida para microcontroladores Arduino, mas sua arquitetura é extensível a muitas outras placas. A avaliação revelou o sucesso da aplicação em diminuir o tempo necessário para o desenvolvimento de protótipos, reduzindo o time-to-market.

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Pfrommer, Albrecht. « Seed dispersal ecology of Leonia cymosa (Violaceae) in the rain forest of Eastern Ecuador ». kostenfrei, 2009. http://www.opus-bayern.de/uni-wuerzburg/volltexte/2009/3712/.

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Day, Richard. « Behavioural ecology of the tamarin Saguinus midas midas, in a Guianese primate community ». Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286862.

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Pera, Jennifer Lee. « Tamagringo : citizenship and community change in Tamarindo, Costa Rica / ». Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7781.

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Pera, Jennifer Lee 1977. « Tamagringo : Citizenship and Community Change in Tamarindo, Costa Rica ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7781.

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xii, 139 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this title is available through the UO Libraries under the call numbers: KNIGHT JV7413 .P47 2008
This thesis explores a relatively new migration pattern of North Americans to Costa Rica and the ways in which these migrants are changing landscapes of belonging and membership in the communities in which they settle. The number of affluent, transnational "amenity migrants" has been growing worldwide in the past decade, yet little is known about their impacts in receiving communities. Through semi-structured interviews with both Costa Ricans and North Americans in Tamarindo, Costa Rica, textual analysis of newspaper publications, and participant observation, I argue that North American amenity migrants are reworking the parameters of citizenship and democracy in Costa Rica. Even though they are not legally entitled to participate in the political process, foreign amenity migrants' economic power radically transforms social and cultural landscapes in Tamarindo. In addition, these affluent amenity migrants influence political decision-making processes in ways that often marginalize local Costa Ricans economically, politically, and culturally.
Adviser: Lise K. Nelson

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Lin, Wang. « Studies on Utilization of Tamarind Kernel Powder Extract Residue as a Feed for Ruminants ». 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225659.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第20434号
農博第2219号
新制||農||1049(附属図書館)
学位論文||H29||N5055(農学部図書室)
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授廣岡博之, 教授松井徹, 教授久米新一
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Shibata, Chihiro. « Maintenance of social bonds in adult pairs of captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) / ». Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594497861&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Kostrub, Chelsea Elisabeth. « The social organization and behavior of golden-mantled tamarins, Saguinus tripartitus, in eastern Ecuador / ». For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Armenta, Armenta Marco. « Derived Invariance of the Tamarkin-Tsygan Calculus of an Associative Algebra ». Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS037/document.

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Dans cette thèse nous démontrons que le calcul de Tamarkin-Tsygan d’une algèbre `associative de dimension finie sur un corps est un invariant dérivé. En d’autres mots, le résultat principal de ce travail est le suivant : une équivalence dérivée entre deux algèbres de dimension finie sur un corps induit un isomorphisme entre l’homologie de Hochschild et la cohomologie de Hochschild qui respecte simultanément le cup produit, le cap produit, le crochet de Gerstenhaber et la ´différentielle de Connes
In this thesis we prove that the Tamarkin-Tsygan calculus of a finite dimensionalassociative algebra over a field is a derived invariant. In other words, the mainresult of this work goes as follows: a derived equivalence between two finite dimensional associative algebras over a field induces an isomorphism betweenHochschild homology and Hochschild cohomology that respects simultaneouslythe cup product, the cap product, the Gerstenhaber bracket and the Connes differential

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Sabour, Amal. « The antibacterial effect of honey and tamarind, notably against MRSA, in relation to wound treatment ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20838/.

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Slana, Darja [Verfasser]. « Mating systems and infant care of cooperatively breeding black-fronted tamarins (Leontocebus nigrifrons) / Darja Slana ». Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1232492655/34.

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Sookbirsingh, Rudy. « Salt separation processes in salt cedar Tamarix ramosissima (Ledeb) / ». To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Allred, Kelly W. « Identification and Taxonomy of Tamarix (Tamaricaceae) in New Mexico ». University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555904.

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The identity and distribution of Tamarix in New Mexico is reviewed, with keys and distribution maps. Four species are found in the state: T. aphylla, T. chinensis (including T. ramosissima), T. gallica, and T. parviflora.

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Kundu, Ina, Sean Rice, Kevin Klug, Hao Chen, Elizabeth Marquez et Yizhou Zhong. « Collar-Integrated Small Mammal GPS Tracker ». International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579699.

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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV
A position beaconing system for tracking small mammals, such as the Golden Lion Tamarin, was developed and tested. GPS acquires location of the animal. The system utilizes a VHF radio transmitter tuned to 144.390 MHz, which is located in the amateur radio band. APRS was selected as the protocol for position, transmission, and recovery. This allows users to benefit from any existing APRS enabled devices. The beacon was designed by attempting to optimize operational longevity and minimize size. Consequently, the system is implemented on a single board and enclosed for protection. As the system must be comfortable for the mammal, it was manufactured from lightweight components and enclosed in a plastic housing. To attach the case to the mammal, it is connected to a flexible, zig-zag, wearable antenna, which functions as a collar.

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Fontes, Pedro Ribeiro. « Quantificação do ergosterol por HPLC-DAD como medida da biomassa de Aspergillus tamarii cultivado na presença da casca de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener) : desenvolvimento, otimização e validação ». reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2016. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/20243.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2016. Texto parcialmente liberado pelo autor.
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O ergosterol tem papel fundamental na estrutura e função da membrana plasmática de fungos. Ele tem sido utilizado como marcador da biomassa fúngica, pois sua variação no tempo está associada à variação de biomassa. Diversos métodos de extração de ergosterol são reportados na literatura. Vários autores têm reportado o uso de delineamentos experimentais para otimizar procedimentos relacionados ao ergosterol, como a extração, cultivo de fungos ou a seleção de substratos para cultivo. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e otimizar um método de extração assistida por micro-ondas de ergosterol de Aspergillus tamarii cultivado na presença de casca da maracujá-amarelo (CMA) como fonte de carbono (FC) e determinar o perfil de crescimento de A. tamarii pela quantificação do ergosterol. A massa de ergosterol extraído dividida pela massa inicial de amostra (µg/mg) foi usada como resposta nos experimentos de otimização. A triagem de variáveis da extração indicou que tempo de irradiação, volume de pentano e massa de amostra afetaram a resposta significativamente Um planejamento fatorial 23 foi modelado pela Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta (RSM) para maximizar a quantidade de ergosterol obtida. Os valores ótimos encontrados foram de 45 s de irradiação, 50 mg de amostra e 10 mL + 5 mL de pentano. A análise de ergosterol por HPLC-DAD apresentou tempo de retenção de 2,8 minutos e não foi observada co-eluição. O método apresentou boa linearidade (r2>0,999; 0,01 – 200,00 µg/mL) e precisão (CV<8.77%) em todas as análises. O ergosterol apresentou uma forte correlação com a biomassa de A. tamarii, além de aparentar ter alguma associação com a biomassa fúngica e a atividade de pectinase em função do tempo de crescimento.
Ergosterol plays an important role to the structure and function of the membrane. It has been used in many studies as a marker of fungal biomass. Several methods of ergosterol extraction are found in literature. Authors have also reported the use of experimental designs to optimize procedures related to ergosterol, such as extraction, fungi cultivation or selection of different substrates. In this work, we aimed to develop and optimize a microwave-assisted extraction method of ergosterol from Aspergillus tamarii grown in the presence of passion fruit peel as carbon source and use the ergosterol production profile to determine the growth curve of A. tamarii. Ergosterol mass divided by initial sample mass (µg/mg) was used as response in optimization experiments. Preliminary selection of variables indicated that irradiation time, pentane volume and sample mass significantly affected the response. The data from a 23 factorial design were used to maximize the amount of ergosterol obtained in the extraction by Response Surface modeling. Ergosterol separation was achieved at 2.8 minutes and no co-elution was observed. The method has showed a good linearity (r2 >0.999, 0.01 – 200.00 µg/mL) and precision (CV<8.77%) to all analyses. Ergosterol showed to be strongly correlated to both pure fungal biomass and sample mass with residual lignocellulosic carbon source, and it appears to have some degree of correlation to the fungal biomass and pectinase activity along the growth time.

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MACIEL, Carla do Couto Soares. « Biodegradação de querosene de aviação por fungos filamentosos ». Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1017.

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Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco
O querosene é um produto derivado da destilação do petróleo, formado por uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos parafínicos e naftênicos. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial de Aspergillus tamarii (UFPEDA 870), Curvularia lunata (UFPEDA 885), Penicillium aurantiogriseum (UFPEDA 884), P. corilophylum (UFPEDA 886)e P. griseofulvum (UFPEDA 880), isolados de uma lagoa poluída na região portuária de Suape, Pernambuco, em degradar o querosene. Inicialmente foi feito um ensaio primário de degradação utilizando o indicador redox 2,6 diclorofenol indofenol. Em seguida os fungos foram adaptados em concentrações crescentes de querosene (1% a 30%) e os produtos da degradação foram analisados por fitotoxicidade. Os fungos que se destacaram foram submetidos ao ensaio de bioestímulo, onde foram empregados três meios de cultura: Bushnell-Haas: tradicional (BH1) e modificados com relações carbono:nitrogênio de 50:1 (BH2) e de 100:1 (BH3). Nos ensaios preliminares A. tamarii e P.griseofulvum apresentaram menor tempo de mudança do indicador, com 14 horas de contato e ainda promoveram um efeito sinérgico para com as demais linhagens, quando em consórcio. Nos ensaios de adaptação, os mesmos cresceram em até 30% de querosene, enquanto que as demais linhagens não sobreviveram a concentrações superiores a 5% (C. lunata) ou produziram baixos teores de biomassa (P. aurantiogriseum e P. corilophyllum), a partir de 15%. Nos ensaios de fitotoxicidade, os resíduos da biodegradação por A. tamarii e por P. griseofulvum, causaram menor impacto às sementes de Brassica oleracea var. capitata (repolho roxo) até a concentração de 12%, obtendo-se 62,6% e 83,6% para o índice de germinação, respectivamente, embora todas as sementes tenham germinado. Para os resíduos degradados por C. lunata, P. aurantiogriseum e P. corilophyllum, as sementes não cresceram apenas germinaram, indicando toxicidade dos produtos da degradação. Os experimentos de bioestímulo realizados com A. tamarii e P. griseofulvum, mostraram maior degradação dos hidrocarbonetos alifáticos do querosene no meio de BH 1 para A. tamarii, enquanto que para P. griseofulvum a melhor composição de meio foi em BH 3. Os resultados obtidos destacam A. tamarii (UFPEDA 870) e P.griseofulvum (UFPEDA 880) como microrganismos promissores na biorremediação de ambientes impactados por querosene

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Peña, Mercado Daniel Enrique. « Estudio de las propiedades emulsionantes del mucílago de la semilla de tamarindo ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/67587.

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En la última década se ha notado un incremento en la demanda de hidrocoloides como agentes emulsionantes, gelificantes, espesantes, estabilizadores y modificadores de textura empleados en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica. Razón por la cual, se están desarrollando metodologías para la obtención de nuevos hidrocoloides provenientes de fuentes vegetales o animales, tales como los mucílagos. Los mucílagos poseen ventajas económicas y funcionales, ya que son de fácil acceso, bajo costo y excelente funcionalidad. Los mucílagos son fuentes ricas en polisacáridos que constituyen una clase diversa de macromoléculas bilógicas localizadas en altas concentraciones en distintas partes de las plantas, ya que forman parte de la célula y su pared celular.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue el estudiar las propiedades emulsionantes del mucilago de la semilla de tamarindo obtenido por un método de secado por aspersión. Se pulverizó la semilla y se realizó una mezcla homogénea con agua bidestilada a 60°C para obtener el mucilago. Posteriormente, se realizó el secado por aspersión del mucilago y se almacenó para las pruebas a estudiar. Se estudiaron cinco propiedades del mucilago, algunas a diferentes condiciones de entorno como el pH y la temperatura, las cuales fueron: • Capacidad de emulsionamiento y estabilidad de la emulsión. • Capacidad de absorción en agua y en aceite. • Angulo de reposo, hinchamiento y radio efectivo de la partícula. • Morfología del mucilago. • Estabilidad térmica del mucilago.

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Bowe, Colm. « Predicting suitable areas for the production of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.), an underutilised fruit tree species ». Thesis, University of Southampton, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444224.

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Shelton, Susan. « Morphological Differences in Mandible Form between Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and Cotton-Top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) ». Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843892.

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Mandible form in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) provides insight into effects of dietary differences. Mandible shape is due to both genetic factors as well as environmental, with functional differences included in the environmental (Klingenberg and Leamy, 2001). Forces associated with differences in food acquisition can be expected to lead to morphological changes. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus ) and cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) have different feeding styles, and therefore, have different mandible and other craniofacial adaptations. Whether these taxa are wild-born or lab-born could also affect their mandible form. There is a lack of agreement whether there is sexual dimorphism between these two species, but this study indicates there is sexual dimorphism even after adjusting for size. Standardized lateral and superior views of mandible photographs of both species were analyzed at different mandibular regions and individual dimensions. Not only did it reveal intraspecific and interspecific sexual dimorphism, there is also a difference in mandible form whether a species is wild-born or lab-born. S. oedipus males and females are larger if born in the wild and C. jacchus are larger if born in the lab. This could have implications in the future on how lab-born monkeys are being cared for and fed to better mimic their natural habitat.

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Nabarro, Sergio Aparecido. « Reforma agrária de mercado nos municípios de Londrina e Tamarana - PR ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-08122010-105412/.

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Criado pelo Banco Mundial, no bojo das políticas neoliberais de ajuste estrutural, e adotado pelo Estado brasileiro na década de 1990, o modelo de reforma agrária de mercado representa uma tentativa de contensão das tensões sociais no campo por meio da desmobilização dos movimentos sociais de luta pela terra. No entanto, os desdobramentos nocivos dessas ações políticas vão além. A implementação desse modelo, dito de reforma agrária, representa ainda: a expansão do capital financeiro no campo; o aquecimento do mercado de terras e da especulação; inaugura uma nova modalidade de recriação do campesinato, protagonizada pelo mercado; e cria um conflito entre a lógica capitalista de propriedade privada da terra e a concepção de terra de trabalho, na visão camponesa. A presente pesquisa visa analisar a inserção do modelo de reforma agrária de mercado nos municípios de Londrina e Tamarana, localizados na região Norte do estado do Paraná, por meio da análise da produção do espaço agrário dos referidos municípios que favoreceu a penetração do modelo; da avaliação das políticas de desenvolvimento rural propostas pelo Banco Mundial e adotadas pelo Estado brasileiro; e, por meio da análise de elementos, como: sujeição da renda camponesa da terra ao capital, reprodução social e material das famílias assentadas e conflitos existentes no interior das diferentes formas de sociabilidade dos camponeses, verificamos a inviabilidade dos assentamentos rurais criados a partir dos programas de reforma agrária de mercado, pautados na ótica neoliberal de desenvolvimento rural do Banco Mundial.
Created by the World Bank, in the midst of the neoliberal policies of structural adjustment, and adopted by the Brazilian state in the 1990s, the model of market agrarian reform represents an attempt at containment of social tensions in rural areas through the demobilization of social movements fighting the land. However, the harmful consequences of these actions go beyond policies. The implementation of this model, called the \"land reform\", is still: the expansion of financial capital in the field, the \"warming\" of the land market and speculation, inaugurates a new mode of recreation of the peasantry, led by the market and creates a conflict between the logic of capitalist private ownership of land and the design of earth work, vision peasant. This research aims to analyze the inclusion of the model of agrarian market reform in the municipalities of Londrina and Tamarana, located in northern Paraná state, through the analysis of agricultural production space of those counties that favored the penetration of the model; of evaluation of rural development policies proposed by the World Bank and adopted by the Brazilian State, and, through the analysis of elements, such as subjecting the income of peasant land to capital, material and social reproduction of families settled and conflicts within the various forms of sociability of the peasants, we see the inevitability of rural settlements created from the agrarian reform programs in the market, lined the neoliberal perspective on rural development under the World Bank.

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Mateu, González Josep Joan. « El canal de Aragón y Cataluña : gestación, construcción y puesta en explotación (1782-1940) ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/380552.

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Aquesta investigació es centra en reconstruir la història del Canal d’Aragó i Catalunya, inicialment denominat Canal de Tamarit de Llitera, des dels seus primers projectes fins la seva construcció i posada en funcionament a partir de fonts molt diverses (memòries i projectes tècnics, disposicions legislatives, fulletons propagandístics, informes jurídics, articles periodístics, etc.). Els resultats indiquen que en els seus inicis sols buscava garantir les collites de la comarca de la Llitera, després fracassaren diverses iniciatives privades que esperaven obtenir grans beneficis abastint de cereals al mercat barceloní i, en darrer lloc, jugà un paper clau en la creixent implicació de l’Estat espanyol en el procés de modernització agrària mitjançant la política de foment als regs. L’arribada de l’aigua no fou la panacea que va resoldre la “qüestió agrària” que molts esperaven. No obstant, permeté un sensible increment de la producció agrícola i potencià una creixent articulació econòmica i espacial de la zona regable.
Esta investigación se centra en reconstruir la historia del Canal de Aragón y Cataluña, inicialmente llamado Canal de Tamarite de Litera, desde sus primeros proyectos hasta su construcción y puesta en funcionamiento a partir de fuentes muy diversas (memorias y proyectos técnicos, disposiciones legislativas, folletos propagandísticos, informes jurídicos, artículos periodísticos, etc.). Los resultados indican que en sus inicios solo buscaba garantizar las cosechas de la comarca de la Litera, después fracasaron diversas iniciativas privadas que esperaban obtener grandes beneficios abasteciendo de cereales el mercado barcelonés y, por último, jugó un papel clave en la creciente implicación del Estado español en el proceso de modernización agraria a través de la política de fomento a la irrigación. La llegada del agua no fue la panacea para resolver la “cuestión agraria” que muchos esperaban. Sin embargo, permitió un sensible incremento de la producción agrícola y potenció una progresiva articulación económica y espacial de la zona regable.
This research focuses on reconstructing the history of the Canal of Aragon and Catalonia, initially called Tamarite de Litera Canal, in the years between the first projects, the construction and the start up. A wide range of documentary sources has been used: technical memories and projects, legislative orders, advertising leaflets, legal pleas, newspaper articles, etc. The evidence points out that initially its mere use was only to ensure the crops of the Litera area. Later, some private enterprises which wanted to obtain big benefits by means of providing Barcelona market with cereals failed, and finally it had a key role in the growing involvement of the Spanish Government in the agricultural modernization process through foster the irrigation policy. The results demonstrate that the water arrival was not the expected panacea to solve the "agrarian question". Nevertheless, the Canal allowed a noticeable increase of the agricultural production and it enhanced progressive economic and spatial articulation of the irrigated area.

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HAKIL, MEHDI. « Degradation de la cafeine par les champignons filamenteux, purification et caracterisation d'une theophylline demethylase d'aspergillus tamarii ». Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA2021.

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Les champignons filamenteux sont capables de degrader la cafeine contenue dans la pulpe de cafe ou dans des milieux entierement synthetiques. Les enzymes impliquees dans cette degradation n'ont jamais ete caracterisees a l'etat pur chez les champignons filamenteux. Notre objectif etait de purifier une enzyme impliquee dans la degradation de la cafeine afin de la caracteriser. Sur 20 souches de champignons filamenteux testees, 3 aspergillus et 4 penicillium commune ont ete capables de degrader la cafeine d'un milieu liquide ne contenant pas d'autre source d'azote. Ces 7 souches degradent la cafeine en theophylline, puis en 3-methylxanthine par des reactions de demethylation successives. Elles sont aussi capables d'utiliser la theophylline, la theobromine et la paraxanthine comme seule source d'azote. Une des souches les plus performantes, aspergillus tamarii, a ete cultivee sur 2 supports solides impregnes d'une solution nutritive. Pour les deux types de supports solides utilises les produits de degradation obtenus sont la theophylline et la 3-methylxanthine. L'ajout de sources simples d'azote (sulfate d'ammonium, uree) aux milieux de culture, inhibe la degradation de la cafeine qui debute lorsque les sources simples d'azote sont epuisees et si la source de carbone est toujours disponible dans le milieu de culture. Les activites cafeine et theophylline demethylases ont ete comparees in vitro dans un extrait brut cytoplasmique d'a. Tamarii obtenu a partir de cultures liquides. L'activite theophylline demethylase a ete caracterisee a partir d'un extrait brut. La theophylline demethylase a ete purifiee jusqu'a homogeneite electrophoretique. C'est une proteine monomerique, de poids moleculaire de 40 a 43 kda, ayant un point isoelectrique compris entre 5,2 et 5,8. La sequence n-terminale et 5 sequences internes de la thd ont ete determinees. Ces dernieres presentent une homologie de sequence avec des proteines de la famille des nmt1.

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Lampard, Kathryn Mary. « The effects of novel objects and age on the play behaviour of cotton-top Tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) / ». Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09SPS/09spsl237.pdf.

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Stoinski, Tara Suzanne. « Behavioral differences between captive-born, reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia) and their wild-born offspring ». Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30368.

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Ferrari, Beatriz Maria. « Efeitos letais e subletais de inseticidas sobre Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-08092009-164923/.

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Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) é um dos principais agentes de controle biológico de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vetor de huanglongbing, no Brasil. Esse parasitóide apresenta alta eficiência de parasitismo, grande capacidade de dispersão, estabelecimento e adaptação em campo. No entanto, a eficiência desse inimigo natural pode ser afetada devido ao uso indiscriminado de pesticidas na citricultura para o controle de diversas pragas e pela carência de estudos que avaliam o impacto total de inseticidas. Sendo assim, os objetivos do trabalho foram: avaliar os efeitos letais e subletais de alguns inseticidas sobre adultos e pupas de T. radiata. Além da mortalidade, foram também avaliados os efeitos de inseticidas sobre a capacidade de parasitismo, a longevidade, a razão sexual e a taxa instantânea de crescimento de T. radiata. Os inseticidas avaliados foram: imidacloprid (neonicotinóide), lambda-cyhalothrin (piretróide) e abamectin (avermectina) nas concentrações recomendada de 96; 7,5 e 3,2 mg de ingrediente ativo por litro de água (ppm) respectivamente, além de 10 e 50% da concentração recomendada de cada inseticida. O método de bioensaio adotado foi o de contato residual do inseticida em adultos do parasitóide, utilizando-se de discos de folhas de laranjeiras pulverizados em Torre de Potter. O efeito de abamectin sobre adultos da geração parental e geração F1 de T. radiata foi também avaliado mediante pulverização de ramos de murta, Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack e sobre pupas de T. radiata utilizando-se método de bioensaio de contato direto. A maior toxicidade a adultos de T. radiata foi observada para imidacloprid (72,7% de mortalidade), seguido por lambdacyhalothrin (19,4%) e abamectin (3,0%). Abamectin causou maior redução na capacidade de parasitismo do parasitóide (28,8%), seguido por imidacloprid (31,3%) e lambda-cyhalothrin (40,1%) na concentração recomedada de cada inseticida. Os inseticidas testados não afetaram a razão sexual do parasitóide. Lambda-cyhalothrin não afetou a longevidade do parasitóide. Por outro lado, imidacloprid reduziu a longevidade. Verificou-se uma redução de 56 e 80% na emergência dos descendentes da geração parental a 50 e 100% da concentração recomendada de abamectin, entretanto, nenhum efeito foi observado para os descendentes da geração F1 do parasitóide. A longevidade de machos da geração parental foi reduzida em 8,4 dias a 50% da concentração recomendada de abamectin, no entanto, nenhum efeito significativo foi verificado para a geração F1 do parasitóide. Foi verificado efeito negativo sobre a capacidade de parasitismo da geração parental e da geração F1 do parasitóide quando abamectin foi pulverizado em ramos de murta. No entanto, abamectin afetou a emergência dos descendentes da geração parental e geração F1 de T. radiata, com valores variando de 24,4 a 84,2% e 0 a 95,1% respectivamente. Abamectin afetou a razão sexual de ambas as gerações. Um decréscimo na longevidade do parasitóide foi observado a 10, 50 e 100% da concentração recomendada de abamectin para os descendentes da geração parental e somente a 50% da concentração recomendada para os descendentes da geração F1. Abamectin não afetou a emergência de adultos e nem a razão sexual quando aplicado sobre pupas de T. radiata. E abamectin não afetou a taxa instantânea de crescimento de T. radiata em todas as concentrações testadas.
Tamarixia radiata (Waterston, 1922) is one of the major biological control agents of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vector of huanglongbing, in Brazil. This parasitoid has been very effective due to the high parasitism rates, high dispersal ability and high establishment and adaptation rates in the field. However, the efficiency of T. radiata may be affected by the indiscriminate use of pesticides to control many other citrus pests and due to the lack of studies that evaluated the total impact of pesticides. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of some insecticides on T. radiate adults and pupae. Besides mortality, the effect of insecticides on parasitism capacity, longevity, sex ratio and instantaneous rate of increase of T. radiata were also evaluated. The insecticides evaluated were imidacloprid (neonicotinoid), lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid) and abamectin (avermectin) at recommended rates of 96; 7.5 e 3.2 mg of active ingredient per liter of water (ppm) respectivelly, plus 10 e 50% of recommended rates of each insecticide. A residual contact bioassay was used by spraying the insecticide onto orange leaf discs with Potter tower. The effect of abamectin was also evaluated on parental and F1 generations of T. radiata by spraying the insecticide on branches of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack and on pupae of T. radiata by direct contact bioassay. The highest toxicity to T. radiata adults was observed with imidacloprid (72.7% mortality), followed by lambda-cyhalothrin (19.4%) and abamectin (3.0%). Abamectin promoted the highest reduction in the parasitism capacity (28.8%), followed by imidacloprid (31.3%) and lambdacyhalothrin (40.1%) at recommended rates of each insecticide. The insecticides tested did not affect the sex ratio of the parasitoid. Lambda-cyhalothrin did not affect the longevity of the parasitoid. On the other hand, imidacloprid caused reduction in the longevity. A reduction of 56 and 80% in the emergence of offspring of parental generation was obtained at 50 and 100% of recommended rate of abamectin. However, no effect was observed to the offspring of F1 generation. The longevity of males from the parental generation was reduced in 8.4 days at 50% of the recommended rate of abamectin; however, no significant effect was detected to F1 generation of the parasitoid. There was effect on parasitism capacity of the parental and F1 generations of the parasitoid when abamectin was sprayed on M. paniculata. However, abamectin affected the emergence of offspring from parental and F1 generations of T. radiata, with values varying from 24.4 to 84.2% and 0 to 95.1% respectively. Abamectin affected the sex ratio of both generations. A decrease in the longevity of the parasitoid was observed at 10, 50 and 100% of recommended rate of abamectin to the offspring of parental generation and only at 50% of recommended rate to the offspring of F1 generation. Abamectin did not affect the adult emergence and neither the sex ratio when abamectin was applied on T. radiata pupae. And, abamectin did not affect the instantaneous rate of increase of T. radiata at all concentrations tested.

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Merino, Carcamo Guillermo. « Microencapsulado de aceite de ajonjolí con mucílago de tamarindo como agente encapsulante ». Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104807.

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En la actualidad, México tiene una creciente necesidad de exportar diversos productos que sean competitivos dentro del mercado globalizado, por lo que es de vital importancia el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías que ofrezcan un mejor manejo y aprovechamiento de las materias primas asegurando la sustentabilidad del proceso. Hoy en día, la industria alimentaria se ha enfocado en productos benéficos para la salud humana y de origen natural, todo esto a un bajo costo y con un aporte nutricional que mejore la calidad y estilo de vida, lo que ha impactado en la demanda de hidrocoloides de origen natural y aceites con contenido de ácidos grasos esenciales. Debido a que el mucilago de la semilla de tamarindo es fuente de polisacáridos de origen natural, con aportes calóricos bajos lo hace ideal para el desarrollo de alimentos dietéticos, convirtiéndolo en una opción potencial de estudio para su aplicación en la industria alimenticia. Por otra parte, el aceite esencial obtenido del ajonjolí posee nutrimentos que aportan múltiples beneficios a la salud del ser humano ya que tiene una alta cantidad de Omega-6 y el consumo de este ácido graso esencial fortalece el sistema nervioso, protege el sistema cardiovascular, favorece la regulación del colesterol en la sangre, entre otros beneficios. Por tal razón es recomendado que se incorpore al organismo a través de alimentos o suplementos alimenticios. Los constituyentes activos de dicho aceite son compuestos hidrofóbicos, lábiles y volátiles. Por lo mencionado anteriormente, cobra vital importancia la investigación en torno al aceite de ajonjolí y la forma de protección de sus propiedades funcionales para que estas no sean alteradas por factores que puedan deteriorarlo. Este aceite al ser un compuesto termolábil tiende a degradarse por factores ambientales como la luz, calor, humedad y presencia de oxígeno, además de que se dificulta el manejo y aplicación práctica en la industria, ya que su vida de anaquel es muy corta a diferencia de productos sintéticos. Es fundamental que se proteja al aceite de ajonjolí de fenómenos de degradación mediante una capa protectora, suponiendo que se maneje en forma de sólido (microcápsulas), disminuyendo la cantidad de aceite no encapsulado en la superficie de las partículas, a través de un agente encapsulante apropiado que tenga alta actividad emulsificante y alta estabilidad como lo es el mucilago de tamarindo. Por ende, el objetivo de este trabajo fue emplear al mucilago extraído de la semilla de tamarindo como agente encapsulante para microencapsular mediante secado por aspersión el aceite de ajonjolí.
Se evaluó al mucilago de tamarindo como agente encapsulante para la microencapsulación de aceite de ajonjolí por el método de secado por aspersión, empleando relaciones agente encapsulante y agente encapsulado de 1:1 (M1) y 1:2 (M2). Las emulsiones presentaron una alta estabilidad contra el efecto de coalescencia, donde el sistema E1 muestra una Kc de 2.95 E-7 s^-1 y el sistema E2 una de 1.31 E-7 s^-1. Se analizó la estabilidad de la emulsión (cremado) para cada emulsión, determinando que E1 y E2 al final del periodo de la prueba presentaban una estabilidad de 88% y 90% respectivamente. La distribución de tamaño de partícula para M1 exhibieron un carácter unimodal, con intervalos de diámetro de ~1 a 50 μm mientras que la distribución de M2 tiene diámetros en el intervalo de ~1 a 50 μm y una variación en la distribución en el intervalo de ~50 a 125. Las microcápsulas del sistema M1 son térmicamente estables hasta una temperatura de 227 °C mientras que las del sistema M2 son estables hasta 178 °C. Los patrones de difracción de rayos X para M1 y M2 muestran un dominante halo amorfo. La eficiencia de encapsulamiento para las microcápsulas del sistema M1 presentaron un valor de 89.75% y para las microcápsulas del sistema M2 un valor de 81.31%. Se permitió liberar al aceite encapsulado a tasas de liberación controladas donde el empleo de una mayor proporción de material encapsulado, como lo es en el caso M2, conllevo a una liberación más acelerada del aceite en los primeros 100 minutos. En general, los resultados llevan a concluir que el mucilago de tamarindo puede ser empleado como agente encapsulante viable para obtener una alta eficiencia de microencapsulación.

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SILVA, Wandra Laurentino da. « Produção de mudas de tamarindo irrigadas com águas salinizadas sob adubação nitrogenada ». Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2017. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/564.

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O nordeste apresenta deficit hídrico e precipitações pluviométricas irregulares, além de altas temperaturas, exigindo para a exploração agrícola racional, o uso de irrigação. A reduzida disponibilidade no semiárido, de água de boa qualidade para irrigação, muitas vezes, torna necessário o uso de águas salinas, ficando esse uso na dependência de desenvolvimento de técnicas que tornem possível a exploração agrícola sustentável ou seja, sem agredir o meio ambiente.Com isso, objetivou-se com está pesquisa avaliar a produção de mudas de tamarindo cultivar Crioula irrigadas com águas salinizadas ob adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido (casa de vegetação) no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina GrandePombal-PB. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, num esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Os tratamentos consataram de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (0,3; 1,3; 2,3; 3,3 e 4,3 dS m-1) em quatro doses nitrogenio (70, 100, 130 e 160%).A dose de 100% corresponde á 600 mg de nitrogênio dm3. mudas de tamarindo). A produção das mudas foi avaliada através das distintas variáveis de crescimento: altura de planta, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas no período de 90 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT)e as variáveis de fitomassa fresca e seca de caule, folhas, parte aérea, raiz, e seca total, no período de 135(DAT). Na produção de mudas de tamarindo pode-se usar água de condutividade elétrica de 1,7dS m-1 pois proporciona redução media aceitável de 10% no crescimento. Doses de N variando de 70 a 160 mg de N dm-3 de solo assim como, a interação entre os fatores estudados não promoveram efeito sobre as variáveis estudadas.
The northeast presents water deficit and irregular rainfall, besides high temperatures, requiring for rational agricultural exploitation, the use of irrigation.The low availability in the semi-arid region of good quality water for irrigation often necessitates the use of salt water, and this use is dependent on the development of techniques that make sustainable agricultural exploitation possible, that is, without harming the environment.The objective of this research was to evaluate the production of tamarind seedlings cultivated with Criolla irrigated with salinized waters under nitrogen fertilization.The experiment was carried out in a protected environment (greenhouse) at the Agro-Food Science and Technology Center of the Federal University of Campina Grande Pombal-PB.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replications and two plants per plot. The treatments consisted of five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.3, 1.3, 2.3, 3.3 and 4.3 dS m-1) in interaction with four nitrogen doses (70, 100, 130 And 160% The dose of 100% corresponds to 600 mg of nitrogen dm-3 tamarind seedlings).The seedlings production was evaluated through the different growth variables: plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves in the period of 90 days after the application of the treatments (DAT) and the variables of fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, leaves , Aerial part, root, and total dry, in the period of 135 (DAT).In the production of tamarind seedlings, water of electrical conductivity of 1.7 dS m-1 can be used as it provides an acceptable average reduction of 10% in growth. Doses of N varying from 70 to 160 mg of N dm-3 of soil as well, the interaction between the studied factors did not have an effect on the variables studied.

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Rosa, Luis Artur Bernardes da. « Agricultura familiar em assentamentos rurais : o caso do município de Tamarana - PR ». Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Progrma de Pós Graduação em Agronomia, 2009. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000149276.

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A questão agrária brasileira, retomada principalmente nos anos 80 e 90, tem motivado diversos estudos acadêmicos e programas governamentais. A questão agrária no Brasil não deve ser visualizada isoladamente, pois é um meio para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Os assentamentos rurais no Brasil agregam 1.432.060 famílias assentadas. A consolidação de assentamentos rurais está vinculada à qualidade de vida que as pessoas assentadas objetivam nestas localidades. A escolha dos sistemas produtivos implantados nos estabelecimentos é uma decisão das famílias e caracterizam-se pela diversidade de combinações agropecuárias e relações familiares. A abordagem de sistemas de produção em assentamentos abrange a utilização e combinação dos recursos materiais, a análise dos resultados econômicos e a inserção social da família. Com destaque neste contexto, está o município de Tamarana, no Paraná, onde foram assentadas até 2008, 401 famílias em 17 assentamentos. Assim, inicialmente são apresentados indicadores agrários, sociais e econômicos do município e na seqüência são apresentados os resultados da pesquisa com as famílias assentadas. Os objetivos do estudo foram realizar um diagnóstico socioeconômico em sete assentamentos, analisar os sistemas produtivos do grupo leite, grãos e olerícolas, contribuir no estudo de sistemas de produção agropecuários para instalação de redes de referência em assentamentos e oferecer informações para políticas públicas. A metodologia de pesquisa se baseia no método de Estudo de Caso. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais com 133 famílias assentadas, observações do pesquisador e pesquisas bibliográficas. A coleta dos dados quantitativos, no mês de maio de 2006, foi organizada pelo Projeto Redes de Referência para Agricultura Familiar executado pelo EMATER e IAPAR. A metodologia utilizada para as entrevistas e o tratamento dos dados se mostrou de grande aplicabilidade em outros casos. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram visualizar as características sociais e econômicas das famílias assentadas e a grande variabilidade de renda e sistemas de produção. No conjunto, os indicadores sociais revelam que as famílias têm acesso à habitação, transporte, bens de consumo, saúde e educação em padrões que se equiparam aos assentamentos mais desenvolvidos do país. A análise dos indicadores econômicos mostra que as famílias com sistemas do grupo olerícolas obtiveram melhores resultados de renda bruta da produção e ocupam mais as pessoas nas atividades agropecuárias. As famílias com sistemas do grupo grãos utilizam menos intensamente as áreas agrícolas e possuem maior valor de outras rendas do que as famílias dos outros sistemas. As famílias com sistemas de produção de leite têm menor renda bruta total familiar. Na maioria, os agricultores assentados pesquisados acessam as oportunidades locais, estão integrados aos mercados de produtos e serviços e passam dificuldades semelhantes às dos agricultores familiares do entorno.
Brazilian agrarian issue, resumed mainly in the 80s and 90s, has motivated several academic studies and governmental programs. Agrarian issue in Brazil should not be analyzed in an isolated way, for it is a means for the strengthening of family agriculture. Rural settlements in Brazil gather 1,432,060 settled families. Consolidation of rural settlements is linked to life quality that settled people aim at in these localities. The productive systems established in the settlements were chosen by the families and they are characterized by diversity of agricultural combinations and family relations. The production systems approach in settlements includes the use and combinations of natural resources, analysis of economic results and social insertion of the family. A prominent municipality in this context is Tamarana in northern Paraná, where 401 families were settled in 17 rural settlements until 2008. So, at first, agrarian, social and economic indicators of this town are presented and after that the results of the research carried out with the settled families are also presented. The purposes of this study were to: carry out a socioeconomic diagnosis in seven settlements, analyze the productive systems of the milk, grain and horticulture, contribute with the study of the agricultural production systems for the establishment of reference networks in settlements and provide information for public policies. The research methodology is based on the Case Study method. The data were obtained by means of individual interviews with 133 settled families, the researcher?s observations and bibliographical research. The quantitative data gathering in the month of May 2006, was organized by the Projeto Redes de Referência para Agricultura Familiar carried out by EMATER and IAPAR. The methodology used for the interviews and the dealing with the data was considered very useful for other cases. The results of the research enabled the observation of social and economic characteristics of the settled families and the great variability of income and production systems. As a whole, social indicators show that the families have access to housing, transportation, consumption goods, health and education at the same level as the most developed settlements in the country. The economic indicators analysis shows that the families with the horticulture systems obtained better results of production gross income and make people busy in agricultural activities. Families with the grain group systems use less intensely the rural areas and have higher income related to other sources than the families of other systems. Families with milk production systems have a lower family income. On the whole, the settled farmers that were surveyed have access to local opportunities, are inserted into the products and services market and have the same difficulties that other similar family groups around them, do.

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