Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Tactics observatory »

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of providing medical care for coronavirus infection in a university student who has been moved to an observatory organized in a hotel-type hostel of the university to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among students living in hostels. The article provides data on the positive experience of using dexamethasone in the treatment regimen for moderately severe disease, follow-up and examination data. The article considers the tactics of managing a patient with suspected COVID-19 in the presence of data for pneumonia according to computed tomography and clinical manifestations characteristic of a new coronavirus infection, which was later confirmed in the study of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The importance of round-the-clock medical monitoring of persons placed in the observatory, finding out the details of the epidemiological history from them, as well as determining the tactics of their treatment with limited hospitalization opportunities in a growing number of patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19 requiring inpatient treatment is emphasized. A new coronavirus infection can lead to a rapid deterioration of the condition in young patients, which is not always manifested by severe lung damage according to computed tomography data, but is characterized by persistent fever that cannot be stopped by antipyretics, as well as severe muscle pain, severe asthenia, which can be considered as clinical indicators of the development of hyperactive inflammatory syndrome. The use in the treatment regimen of intravenous dexamethasone at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg of body weight twice led to a rapid normalization of temperature, relief of all clinical symptoms and was not accompanied by any complications both in the early period of convalescence and 2 months after discharge from the observatory.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of clinical manifestations and the severity of a new coronary virus infection in a university student transferred to an observatory organized in a hotel-type hostel to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among students living in hostels. The data on the epidemiological history of the patient, the results of clinical observation and examination are provided. The tactics of managing a patient with a suspected of COVID-19 on an outpatient basis, symptoms that determine the indications for hospitalization, the results of examination and treatment in a hospital, and further observation at the observatory are considered. A new coronavirus infection can lead to a rapid deterioration in the condition of young patients, which does not correlate with indicators indicating lung damage on the 5th day of the disease. Persistent hyperthermia and severe weakness with anorexia can be indicators of the complicated course of the disease, including the development of hyperactive inflammatory syndrome. Hypochromic anemia can be another disease, which is an unfavorable background for the development of COVID-19. The course of the new coronavirus infection in young patients requires careful attention and further study.

Background and context: According to the Global Cancer Observatory, in 2012, worldwide, there were an estimated 266,000 deaths from cervical cancer, accounting for 7.5% of all cancer deaths in females. The pathology and cytopathology laboratories have a very important role in screening and diagnosing cases of cervical cancer. A percentage of suspicious for or diagnosed patients for cervical cancer will be lost in the health system without getting any kind of treatment, resulting in early death. Aim: Analysis of a patient-centered initiative of Active Patient Search (APS) program in cervical cancer control to increase the access of patients to healthcare systems for early detection and treatment. Strategy/Tactics: Performance monitor of the active search program for patients with suspicion or positive for intraepithelial lesion or cervical cancer developed by Centro de Diagnósticos Anátomo-Patológicos (CEDAP) in Joinville-SC, Brasil from January 2002 to December 2017 in a transversal and observational study. Program/Policy process: The CEDAP Laboratory Information System was set to monitor patients suspicious for or positive for intraepithelial lesion or cervical cancer according to pre-established criteria based on the Brazilian National Cervical Cancer Screening Program directives by the National Institute of Cancer (INCA). The system automatically includes patients suspicious or positive for cervical cancer with either Papanicolaou test, biopsy, surgical specimen or high-grade HPV DNA exam. Within the given time interval determined for each category of diagnosis, the ASP starts a process of active search of the targeted patients, being the first step the contact with the clinician regarding the patient monitoring and treatment. Whenever there is lack of response from the clinician or loss of follow-up of the patient reported by the clinician, the laboratory would try to contact the patient or her family directly. Outcomes: From an amount of 1,105,712 cervical cytology exams, conventional and liquid based, with 8573 cases (0.75%) suspicious for or diagnosed with intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive cervical carcinoma and were inserted in the Active Patient Search Program (APSP). Direct contact with the assistant clinician were made in 66.4% of the cases inserted in the APSP, and 4.2% needed direct contact with the patients to finalize the process and bring those patients back to the system for monitoring or for treatment. The index of cases resolved with the APSP actions was 89.7%, with a loss of follow-up of patients of 10.3%. What was learned: Considering the index of clinician adherence and the index of affected patients, the patient-centered Active Search Program initiative is effective, allowing the pathology laboratory to act as a protagonist in monitoring patients with suspicion or positive for cervical cancer, not only as a diagnostic center but also as an active part of the healthcare system in cervical cancer control.

Astronomy has been an inherently visual area of science for millenia, yet a majority of its significant discoveries take place in wavelengths beyond human vision. There are many people, including those with low or no vision, who cannot participate fully in such discoveries if visual media is the primary communication mechanism. Numerous efforts have worked to address equity of accessibility to such knowledge sharing, such as through the creation of three-dimensional (3D) printed data sets. This paper describes progress made through technological and programmatic developments in tactile 3D models using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory to improve access to data.

The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami claimed more than 220,000 lives. It was a low-probability high-consequence event. A similar disaster could strike elsewhere, particularly in the Pacific but also in Caribbean, Atlantic, and Mediterranean regions. Unlike in seismic ground shaking, there is usually a short lead-time precedes tsunami attack: from a few minutes for a local source to several hours for a distant source. Because mega-tsunamis are rare and because forewarning of these events is possible, the primary mitigation tactic to date has been evacuation. Hence, most efforts have focused on the development of effective warning systems, inundation maps, and tsunami awareness. This strategy makes sense from the standpoint of saving human lives. However, it does not address the devastating damage to buildings and critical coastal infrastructure, such as major coastal bridges, oil and LNG storage facilities, power plants, and ports and harbors. Failure in critical infrastructure creates enormous economic setbacks and collateral damage. The accelerating construction of critical infrastructure in the coastal zone demands a better understanding of design methodology in building tsunamiresistant structures. In some coastal areas such as low-elevation coastal spits or plains, evacuating people to higher ground may be impractical because they have no time to reach safety. In these situations, the only feasible way to minimize human casualties is to evacuate people to the upper floors of tsunami-resistant buildings. Such buildings must be designed and constructed to survive strong seismic ground shaking and subsequent tsunami impacts. The primary causes of structural failure subject to tsunami attack can be categorized into three groups: 1) hydrodynamic force, 2) impact force by water-born objects, and 3) scour and foundation failure. Tsunami behaviors are quite distinct, however, from other coastal hazards such as storm waves; hence the effects cannot be inferred from common knowledge or intuition. Recent research has addressed tsunami forces acting on coastal structures to develop appropriate design guidelines, and mechanisms leading to tsunamigenerated scour and foundation failures. This special issue is a compilation of 14 papers addressing tsunami effects on buildings and infrastructure. The four main groupings begin with two papers on tsunami force acting on vertical walls. Arikawa experimentally investigates the structural performance of wooden and concrete walls using a large-scale laboratory tank in Japan. Also using a similar large-scale tsunami flume but in the US, Oshnack et al. study force reduction by small onshore seawalls in front of a vertical wall. The second grouping focuses on tsunami force on 3-D structures. Arnason et al. present a basic laboratory study on the hydrodynamics of bore impingement on a vertical column. Fujima et al. examine the two types of formulae for tsunami force evaluation: the one calculated from flow depth alone and the other based on the Euler number. Lukkunaprasit et al. demonstrate the validity of force computation recommended in a recently published design guideline (FEMA P646) by the US Federal Emergency Management Agency. The other two papers look into the specific types of structures: one is for light-frame wood buildings by van de Lindt et al, and the other is for oil storage tanks by Sakakiyama et al. The topic of debris impact force is the focus of the third grouping. Matsutomi summarizes his previous research on impact force by driftwoods, followed by the collision force of shipping containers by Yeom et al. Yim and Zhang numerically simulate tsunami impact on a vertical cylinder; this paper is included in this grouping because their numerical approach is similar to that of Yeom et al. As for the fourth grouping, Shuto presents field observations on foundation failures and scours, and Fujii et al. discuss the erosion processes of soil embankments. There are two more papers: those are the application of fragility analysis to tsunami damage assessment by Koshimura et al. and evaluation of an offshore cabled observatory by Matsumoto and Kaneda. The topics presented here are undoubtedly in progress, and many revisions and improvements are still needed in order to achieve better predictability for tsunami effects on buildings and infrastructure. We hope you find the papers in this issue intriguing and the information useful, and become further interested in this important natural hazard. Lastly, we wish to express our appreciation to the authors for their timely contributions, and to the reviewers for their diligent and time-consuming efforts.

Abstract In response to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Latin America, governments have introduced impressive prevention programmes However, the purpose of this article is to better explain why several governments have yet to address arguably the ‘root of the problem’: i.e. implementing effective regulatory policies restricting the food industries’ ability to market and sale their products. Introducing a political science analytical framework merging international relations and domestic politics theory, this article claims that most governments have failed to achieve this process because of their reluctance to transfer their beliefs in human rights to health from the area of NCD prevention to regulation, thus achieving what the author refer to as ‘normative transferability’. The research design for this study entailed a documentary analysis of 44 qualitative primary and secondary documentary data sources (combined), i.e. articles, books, policy reports and the usage of these data sources for a comparative case study analysis of Chile, Brazil and Mexico. These qualitative data sources were also used to illustrate the potential efficacy of the author’s proposed analytical framework, developed from the political science and public policy literature. Quantitative epidemiological data from the World Health Organization global health observatory were used to provide a contextual backdrop of the obesity and diabetes situation in these countries. Comparing these three countries, Chile was the only one capable of achieving ‘normative transferability’ due to a strong linkage between activists, supportive institutions and policy advocates within government viewing regulatory policy as a human right to protection from aggressive industry marketing and sales tactics. To better understand differences between nations in achieving normative transferability processes and effective NCD regulatory policy outcomes, political scientists and public health scholars should work together to develop alternative analytical frameworks in the commercial determinants of health.

In the twenty-first century, the swelling wave of Russian chauvinism has inspired the efforts of both Russian and Belarusian historians to vindicate Mikhail Muravyov (1796–1866), Governor General of Vilnius (1863–1865) well known for severe repression against the participants of the 1863–1864 uprising in Lithuania. The tendencies of this process require a fresh look at the ideological origins of this historical figure. While searching for connections with the geopolitical context, this article discusses the never-before analysed fundamentals of ethnology and earth science formed in the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, which had become the ideological basis of Muravyov’s understanding of the situation in the North-western Territory and helped him develop his tactics of total Russification of the region. The Imperial Russian Geographical Society was established in 1845, and was modelled on the concept of the interdisciplinary earth science (Ger. Erdkunde) by the German scientist Carl Ritter. Muravyov was one of the society’s founding members and a member of its first council. From 1850 to 1857, he was the vice president of the society, and its honorary member from 1857. From the very start, Muravyov took part in formulating the guidelines of the function and scientific development of the organisation, and of coordination of the key research programmes. Guided by Muravyov and in cooperation with the General Staff of the Army, the Academy of Sciences, Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, departments of Geology, Hydrography, Transport and Roads, and others implemented many significant scientific projects. The society was expanding: in 1851, two divisions were established in Siberia and the Caucasus. The processes of establishment of the divisions in the regions were linked to the demand for local coordination centres that would not only develop programmes for local research, but also take part in large-scale strategic research into these territories. Muravyov was well qualified to deal with matters of state importance by achieving a synergistic effect in the science serving the needs of the ethnic policy. Although the methods of the earth science (Ger. Erdkunde) and ethnology (Ger. Volkskunde) were previously established and tested at the Imperial Russian Geographical Society, Muravyov applied them with caution in Vilnius. In the Northwestern Territory, a branch of the society was established in as late as 1867, after Muravyov’s death. His aim to instill Russian culture in the Northwestern Territory was driven by his intention to rewrite the historical narrative of the outskirts of the Russian Empire and to accumulate historical sources favourable to him as soon as possible. Established in 1864, Vilnius Archaeographic Commission carried out research into and publishing of old documents that served the interests of the imperial ideology. One of the most significant tasks in this region was to prove that both the land and culture were historically Russian, and for this reason statistical surveys and archeographical work were much more important that ethnological research.

Cette thèse explore les dynamiques de jeu et les performances collectives en alternant entre les analyses de sports traditionnels, comme le handball, et des e-sports, tels que DotA2 et OverWatch. L'objectif est de segmenter le processus de traitement des données en plusieurs étapes, chacune apportant une compréhension spécifique. En adoptant une approche comparative entre sport et e-sport, ce travail non seulement distingue les différentes étapes de traitement des données, mais propose également une vue d'ensemble de l'analyse du (e-)sport. La première contribution réside dans le développement de techniques de représentation des matchs de handball à l’aide de graphes dynamiques, ainsi que dans la simplification des trajectoires dans DotA2 grâce à des indices géométriques. Ces méthodes permettent une meilleure visualisation et compréhension des mouvements collectifs.La deuxième contribution se concentre sur la définition et le calcul de métriques de performance, essentielles pour l'apprentissage automatique. Des modèles d’expected goal (xG) pour le handball et des facteurs d’engagement dans OverWatch ont été élaborés pour servir de cibles aux algorithmes. La troisième contribution est la création d’un observatoire tactique dédié au handball, et l'étude des configurations géométriques dans DotA2 qui mènent à des événements clés. Ces analyses approfondissent la compréhension des tactiques qui influencent le déroulement des matchs
This thesis explores game dynamics and collective performance by alternating between analyses of traditional sports, such as handball, and e-sports, such as DotA2 and OverWatch. The aim is to segment the data processing process into several stages, each providing a specific understanding. By adopting a comparative approach between sport and e-sport, this work not only distinguishes the different stages of data processing, but also offers an overview of (e-)sport analysis. The first contribution is the development of techniques for representing handball matches using dynamic graphs, and the simplification of trajectories in DotA2 using geometric indices. The second contribution focuses on the definition and calculation of performance metrics, essential for machine learning. Expected goal (xG) models for handball and commitment factors in OverWatch have been developed as targets for algorithms. The third contribution is the creation of a tactical observatory dedicated to handball, and the study of geometric configurations in DotA2 that lead to key events. These analyses deepen our understanding of the tactics that influence the course of matches

In the immediate post-World War II period, Army aviation began to evolve from an observatory role to a mobility role. Helicopter air mobility began to develop in the Army from 1949 onwards. The outbreak of the Korean war assisted and accelerated the acceptance of greater helicopter air mobility within the Army. The Eisenhower period was a golden age for Army aviation, with rapid and extensive developments in air mobility doctrine and tactics. There was also a strong research and development effort to overcome the initial technological lag. These developments allowed the formation of the first air mobile division in 1965 to meet the growing demands of the Vietnam war. This work gives a new understanding of the process of military innovation. Moreover, this case study has important general implications for future military policy-making.

Abstract This chapter provides a first overview and an introduction to the character of tactical warfare during the Seven Years’ War: how did belligerents fight on four continents and major oceans, and what are the points of convergence and divergence between the ways of waging war in these different theatres? The European armies of the mid-eighteenth-century shared broad technological similarities. Significant change in weaponry and war materials was impeded by several constraints which were not only technological. Throughout the Seven Years’ War, opponents had to adapt tactically to changing environments, material conditions, adversaries, strategies, martial practices, and tactical choices. Thus, this global is an ideal observatory of the multiple facets of mid-eighteenth-century European warfare.