Articles de revues : « Systematic mortality risk »

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Ludkovski, Michael, et Erhan Bayraktar. « Relative Hedging of Systematic Mortality Risk ». North American Actuarial Journal 13, n^o 1 (janvier 2009) : 106–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2009.10597542.

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Dahl, Mikkel, Martin Melchior et Thomas Møller. « On systematic mortality risk and risk-minimization with survivor swaps ». Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 2008, n^o 2-3 (juin 2008) : 114–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03461230701795873.

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Hanewald, Katja, John Piggott et Michael Sherris. « Individual post-retirement longevity risk management under systematic mortality risk ». Insurance : Mathematics and Economics 52, n^o 1 (janvier 2013) : 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2012.11.002.

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Qizilbash, Nawab, Bélène Podmore, Alessandra Lacetera, Itziar Ubillos, Kirsty Andresen, Ana Roncero Martín, Jara Majuelos-Melguizo et al. « Tocilizumab and Mortality in Hospitalised Patients with Covid-19. A Systematic Review Comparing Randomised Trials with Observational Studies ». Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 4, n^o 4 (3 décembre 2021) : 01–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/051.

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Background: Early observational studies suggested that tocilizumab might produce clinical improvement in covid-19 patients leading to the use of tocilizumab. Early underpowered randomised controlled trials (RCTs) however did not show benefit until the most recent largest trial. RECOVERY trial. We aimed to compare the evidence from RCTs and observational studies of the effect of tocilizumab on in-hospital mortality in patients with covid-19. Materials and Methods: Embase and PubMed were searched from July 2020 until 1 March 2021. Observational studies and RCTs assessing in-hospital mortality in patients receiving tocilizumab compared with standard care or placebo were included. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality closest to 30 days. The risk of bias in observational studies was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A fixed effect meta-analysis was used to combine relative risks, with random effects and risk of bias as a sensitivity analysis. Results: Of 5,792 publications screened for inclusion, eight RCTs and 33 observational studies were identified. The RCTs showed an overall relative risk reduction in in-hospital mortality at 30 days of 0.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78 to 0.96) with no statistically significant heterogeneity. 23 of the observational studies had a severe risk of bias, 10 of which did not adjust for potential confounders. The 10 observational studies with moderate risk of bias reported a larger reduction in mortality at 30-days (relative risk 0.72, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.81) but with significant heterogeneity (P<0.01). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provides strong evidence from RCTs that tocilizumab reduces the risk of mortality in hospitalised covid-19 patients. Observational studies with moderate risk of bias exaggerated the benefits on mortality two-fold and showed heterogeneity. Collectively observational studies provide a less reliable evidence base for evaluating treatments for covid-19.

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Aro, Helena. « Systematic and Nonsystematic Mortality Risk in Pension Portfolios ». North American Actuarial Journal 18, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2014) : 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2013.861340.

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Charroenngam, Nipith, Thanitsara Rittiphairoj, Aunchalee Jaroenlapnopparat, Sofia K. Mettler, Ben Ponvilawan, Unoma Okoli, Patompong Ungprasert et Mehmet Sercan Marangoz. « LBSAT140 Mortality Risk Following Atypical Femoral Fracture : A Systematic Review And Meta-analysis ». Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2022) : A150—A151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.307.

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Abstract Introduction Proximal femoral fracture in elderly (>60 years of age) is known to be associated with a high one-year mortality risk of 21.2% (1). Studies have shown that the mortality rate of atypical femoral fracture (AFF) may be lower than that of typical proximal femoral fracture (2), although results from existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to summarize all available data, using systematic review and meta-analysis, to estimate the one-year mortality risk following AFF and risk ratio of mortality following AFF versus typical femoral fracture (TFF). Methods Potentially eligible studies were identified from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to February 2022 using a search strategy that comprised keywords "Atypical Femoral Fracture" and "Mortality". Any eligible study must consist of a cohort of patients with AFF. Then, the study must report a one-year mortality risk following AFF or effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing mortality risks between patients with AFF and TFF. Data were retrieved from each study and were combined using the generic inverse variance method. Results A total of 8,967 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by three investigators, we identified 7 studies reporting one-year mortality risks of AFF and 3 studies comparing mortality risks of AFF versus TFF. These studies were included into the meta-analysis. The pooled one-year mortality risk following atypical femoral fracture of 0.10 (95% CI, 0. 05 - 0.16; with high heterogeneity, I2 93.3%). The funnel plot was asymmetric in favor of studies that reported high one-year mortality risks. In the meta-analysis comparing the mortality risks following AFF versus TFF, no significant difference in mortality risks was found between the two conditions, with the pooled risk ratio of 0.98 (95% CI 0.78 - 1.25; with high heterogeneity, I2 96.8%). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that the one-year mortality risk following AFF was approximately 10%, which may be lower than the reported mortality risk after typical hip fracture of around 20% (1). However, no significant difference was found in the meta-analysis of studies that compared the mortality risks of the two conditions, suggesting the | need for further investigation. The results will be useful for risk-benefit discussions on initiation of antiresorptive and anabolic osteoporotic therapy. References 1. Schnell S, Friedman SM, Mendelson DA, Bingham KW, Kates SL. The 1-year mortality of patients treated in a hip fracture program for elders. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2010;1(1): 6-14. 2. Kharazmi M, Hallberg P, Schilcher J, Aspenberg P, Michaëlsson K. Mortality After Atypical Femoral Fractures: A Cohort Study. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2016;31(3): 491-7 Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.

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Wong, Johanna T., Ciara Vance et Andrew Peters. « Refining livestock mortality indicators : a systematic review ». Gates Open Research 5 (19 avril 2021) : 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13228.1.

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Background: Livestock mortality impacts farmer livelihoods and household nutrition. Capturing trends in livestock mortality at localised or national levels is essential to planning, monitoring and evaluating interventions and programs aimed at decreasing mortality rates. However, livestock mortality data is disparate, and indicators used have not been standardised. This review aims to assess livestock mortality indicator definitions reported in literature, and define the ages where mortality has greatest impact. Methods: A systematic review was conducted, limited to articles focussed on mortality of cattle, sheep and goats. Peer-reviewed articles in Web of Science until year 2020 were assessed for inclusion of age-based definitions for mortality indicators and data on age distribution of mortality. Indicator definitions for each species were collated and similar terms and age groups most targeted were compared. The cumulative distribution of age at mortality was compared across studies graphically where possible; otherwise, age patterns for mortality were collated. Results: Most studies reported mortality risk rather than rate, and there was little agreement between indicator definitions used in the literature. The most common indicators reported were perinatal and neonatal mortality in cattle, and for perinatal, neonatal and pre-weaning mortality indicators for sheep and goats. Direct comparison of age distribution of mortality was only possible for cattle, which found that approximately 80% of all mortalities within the first 12 months had occurred by six months of age. A significant finding of the study is the variation in age groups for which mortality is reported, which impedes the comparison of mortality risk across studies, particularly for sheep and goats. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance and value of standardising mortality risk indicators for general use, including a young stock mortality risk indicator measuring mortality in the highest risk period of birth to six months of age in cattle, sheep and goats.

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Odhiambo, Joab, Patrick Weke et Philip Ngare. « A Deep Learning Integrated Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) Sytematic Mortality Risk Model ». Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, n^o 6 (8 juin 2021) : 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060259.

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Many actuarial science researchers on stochastic modeling and forecasting of systematic mortality risk use Cairns-Blake-Dowd (CBD) Model (2006) due to its ability to consider the cohort effects. A three-factor stochastic mortality model has three parameters that describe the mortality trends over time when dealing with future behaviors. This study aims to predict the trends of the model, kt(2) by applying the Recurrent Neural Networks within a Short-Term Long Memory (an artificial LSTM architecture) compared to traditional statistical ARIMA (p,d,q) models. The novel deep learning (machine learning) technique helps integrate the CBD model to enhance its accuracy and predictive capacity for future systematic mortality risk in countries with limited data availability, such as Kenya. The results show that Long Short-Term Memory network architecture had higher levels of precision when predicting the future systematic mortality risks than traditional methods. Ultimately, the results can be implemented by Kenyan insurance firms when modeling and forecasting systematic mortality risk helpful in the pricing of Annuities and Assurances.

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Tonelli, Marcello, Natasha Wiebe, Bruce Culleton, Andrew House, Chris Rabbat, Mei Fok, Finlay McAlister et Amit X. Garg. « Chronic Kidney Disease and Mortality Risk : A Systematic Review ». Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 17, n^o 7 (31 mai 2006) : 2034–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2005101085.

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Sadana, Divyajot, Simrat Kaur, Kesavan Sankaramangalam, Ishan Saini, Kinjal Banerjee, Matthew Siuba, Valentina Amaral et al. « Mortality associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, 2009—2019 : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». Critical Care and Resuscitation 24, n^o 4 (6 décembre 2022) : 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51893/2022.4.oa4.

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BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs commonly in intensive care units. The reported mortality rates in studies evaluating ARDS are highly variable. OBJECTIVE: To investigate mortality rates due to ARDS from before the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic began until the start of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. DESIGN: We performed a systematic search and then ran a proportional meta-analysis for mortality. We ran our analysis in three ways: for randomised controlled trials only, for observational studies only, and for randomised controlled trials and observational studies combined. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Embase, using a highly sensitive criterion and limiting the search to studies published from January 2009 to December 2019. REVIEW METHODS: Two of us independently screened titles and abstracts to first identify studies and then complete full text reviews of selected studies. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB-2 (a risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials) and the Cochrane ROBINS-1 (a risk-of-bias tool for non-randomised studies of interventions). RESULTS: We screened 5844 citations, of which 102 fully met our inclusion criteria. These included 34 randomised controlled trials and 68 observational studies, with a total of 24 158 patients. The weighted pooled mortality rate for all 102 studies published from 2009 to 2019 was 39.4% (95% CI, 37.0–41.8%). Mortality was higher in observational studies compared with randomised controlled trials (41.8% [95% CI, 38.9–44.8%] v 34.5% [95% CI, 30.6–38.5%]; P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Over the past decade, mortality rates due to ARDS were high. There is a clear distinction between mortality in observational studies and in randomised controlled trials. Future studies need to report mortality for different ARDS phenotypes and closely adhere to evidence-based medicine. PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42020149712 (April 2020).

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Gemmo, Irina, Ralph Rogalla et Jan-Hendrik Weinert. « Optimal portfolio choice with tontines under systematic longevity risk ». Annals of Actuarial Science 14, n^o 2 (13 juillet 2020) : 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1748499520000214.

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AbstractWe derive optimal portfolio choice patterns in retirement (ages 66–105) for a constant relative risk aversion utility maximising investor facing risky capital market returns, stochastic mortality risk, and income-reducing health shocks. Beyond the usual stocks and bonds, the individual can invest his assets in tontines. Tontines are cost-efficient financial contracts providing age-increasing, but volatile cash flows, generated through the pooling of mortality without guarantees, which can help to match increasing financing needs at old ages. We find that a tontine invested in the risk-free asset dominates stock investments for older investors without a bequest motive. However, with a bequest motive, it is optimal to replace the tontine investment over time with traditional financial assets. Our results indicate that early in retirement, a tontine is only an attractive investment option, if the tontine funds are invested in a risky asset. In this case, they crowd out stocks and risk-free bonds in the optimal portfolios of younger investors. Over time, the average optimal portfolio weight of tontines decreases. Introducing systematic mortality risks noticeably reduces the peak allocation to tontines.

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Garcia, Fabiane Tubino, Carla Schwengber ten Caten, Elaine Aparecida Regiani de Campos, Aline Marian Callegaro et Diego Augusto de Jesus Pacheco. « Mortality Risk Factors in Micro and Small Businesses : Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda ». Sustainability 14, n^o 5 (25 février 2022) : 2725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052725.

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Most micro and small businesses (MSEs) are limited in organizational structure, financial resources, technology, and management strategies. Due to these limitations, there are many risks involved in this sector. Understanding the aspects that contribute to the risk of mortality among MSEs is important to guide entrepreneurs in the development of strategic actions and to assist governments in the elaboration of policies that support the creation of new ventures. For this, it is important to know the key factors that contribute to the risk of business mortality. Thus, the following research questions emerge: What is the state of the art on the subject of business mortality in MSE? What are the factors that contribute to the risk of mortality in MSE? What is the relationship between the factors that contribute to the risk of mortality in MSE? The objective of this research was to analyze what the risk factors are for MSE mortality and how they are related to each other. From a systematic literature review, the state of the art on the topic of business mortality in MSEs was evidenced and its risk factors were identified. One hundred and six articles, published from January 2000 to February 2021, were analyzed. The results showed 36 mortality risk factors and highlighted the risks associated with innovative processes, business management, and the characteristics of the entrepreneur. This study contributes to a theoretical framework on corporate mortality and provides an agenda for future research, showing gaps to be explored. In terms of managerial implications, we suggest that entrepreneurs prioritize training initiatives, investing in education, that MSEs participate in cooperation networks to establish partnerships between stakeholders, and that they invest in technological tools to make companies more competitive in the market.

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Smith, Eric E., et Zahinoor Ismail. « Mortality Risk Models for Persons with Dementia : A Systematic Review ». Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 80, n^o 1 (9 mars 2021) : 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201364.

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Background: Persons with dementia have higher mortality than the general population. Objective, standardized predictions of mortality risk in persons with dementia could help with planning resources for care close to the end of life. Objective: To systematically review prediction models for risk of death in persons with dementia. Methods: The Medline and PsycInfo databases were searched on November 29, 2020, for prediction models estimating the risk of death in persons with dementia. Study quality was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool. Results: The literature search identified 2,828 studies, of which 18 were included. These studies described 16 different prediction models with c statistics mostly ranging from 0.67 to 0.79. Five models were externally validated, of which four were applicable. There were two models that were both applicable and had reasonably low risk of bias. One model predicted risk of death at six months in persons with advanced dementia residing in a nursing home. The other predicted risk of death at three years in persons seen in primary care practice or a dementia specialty clinic, derived from a nationwide registry in Sweden but not externally validated. Conclusion: Valid, applicable models with low risk of bias were found in two settings: advanced dementia in a nursing home and outpatient practices. The outpatient model requires external validation. Better models are needed for persons with mild to moderate dementia in nursing homes, a common demographic. These models may be useful for educating persons living with dementia and care partners and directing resources for end of life care. Registration: The study protocol is registered on PROSPERO as RD4202018076.

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Barazanchi, Ahmed W. H., Weisi Xia, Wiremu MacFater, Sameer Bhat, Hoani MacFater, Ashish Taneja et Andrew G. Hill. « Risk factors for mortality after emergency laparotomy : scoping systematic review ». ANZ Journal of Surgery 90, n^o 10 (24 juin 2020) : 1895–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.16082.

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Batty, G. David, Ian J. Deary et Linda S. Gottfredson. « Premorbid (early life) IQ and Later Mortality Risk : Systematic Review ». Annals of Epidemiology 17, n^o 4 (avril 2007) : 278–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.07.010.

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Alif, Sheikh M., Malcolm R. Sim, Clarence Ho et Deborah C. Glass. « Cancer and mortality in coal mine workers : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, n^o 5 (15 novembre 2021) : 347–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107498.

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Coal mine workers are exposed to a number of workplace hazards which may increase the risk of cancer and mortality. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate cancer and mortality in coal mine workers We searched in Ovid Medline, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases using keywords and text words related to coal mines, cancer and mortality and identified 36 full-text articles using predefined inclusion criteria. Each study’s quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We performed random-effect meta-analyses including 21 of the identified articles evaluating cancer and/or mortality of coal mine workers. The meta-analysis showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality (SMR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30) and mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD) (3.59, 95% CI 3.00 to 4.30) in cohorts with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). We found a somewhat increased risk of stomach cancer (1.11, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.35) and of mortality from NMRD (1.26, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.61) in the cohorts of coal miners with unknown CWP status. The meta-analysis also showed a decreased risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality among coal miners. This may be a result of the healthy worker effect and possible lower smoking rates, and perhaps also reflect the physically active nature of many jobs in coal mines. The meta-analysis for lung cancer did not show increased risk in coal miners with CWP (1.49, 95% CI 0.70 to 3.18) or for coal miners of unknown CWP status (1.03, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.18). Lower smoking rates in coal mine workers could explain why case–control studies where smoking was controlled for showed higher risks for lung cancer than were seen in cohort studies. Coal mine workers are at increased risk of mortality from NMRD but decreased risk of prostate cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. Studies of coal mine workers need long-term follow-up to identify increased mortality and cancer incidence.

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Schürks, Markus, Pamela M. Rist, Robert E. Shapiro et Tobias Kurth. « Migraine and mortality : A systematic review and meta-analysis ». Cephalalgia 31, n^o 12 (29 juillet 2011) : 1301–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411415879.

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Objective: To evaluate the evidence on the association between migraine and mortality. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the association between any migraine (all forms of migraine collectively) or migraine subtypes (e.g. migraine with aura) and mortality published until March 2011. Results: We identified ten cohort studies. Studies differed regarding the types of mortality investigated and only four presented aura-stratified results, limiting pooled analyses with regard to migraine subtypes and with regard to cause-specific mortality. For any migraine pooled analyses do not suggest an association with all-cause mortality (five studies; pooled relative risk (RR) = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71–1.16), cardiovascular disease mortality (CVD; six studies; pooled RR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.89–1.32), or coronary heart disease mortality (CHD; three studies; pooled RR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.57–1.60). Heterogeneity among studies is moderate to high. Two studies suggest that migraine with aura increases risk for CVD and CHD mortality. Conclusion: This meta-analysis does not suggest that any migraine is associated with increased risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, or CHD. However, there is heterogeneity among studies and suggestion that migraine with aura increases CVD and CHD mortality. Given the high prevalence of migraine in the general population a definitive answer to the question of whether migraine or a subtype alters risk for mortality is of high public health importance and further targeted research implicated.

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Owora, Arthur H., Brittany L. Kmush, Bhavneet Walia et Shane Sanders. « A Systematic Review of Etiological Risk Factors Associated With Early Mortality Among National Football League Players ». Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, n^o 12 (1 décembre 2018) : 232596711881331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118813312.

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Background: Multiple risks predispose professional football players to adverse health outcomes and, in extreme cases, early death; however, our understanding of etiological risk factors related to early mortality is limited. Purpose: To identify etiological risk factors associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among National Football League (NFL) players. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Articles examining all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors among previous NFL players were identified by systematically searching: PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 1990 to 2017. Study eligibility and quality were evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Results: A total of 801 nonduplicated studies were identified through our search strategy. Of these, 9 studies examining 11 different risk factors were included in the systematic review. Overall, the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality was lower among NFL players than among the general male population in the United States. Nonwhite athletes, those in power positions, and those with a high playing-time body mass index (≥30 kg/m2) were associated with elevated all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risks. Conclusion: Methodological issues associated with the examined all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk factors preclude a definitive conclusion of etiological protective or risk effects. Comparison groups less prone to selection bias (“healthy worker effect”) and a life-course approach to the evaluation of suspected risk factors are warranted to identify etiological factors associated with early mortality among NFL players.

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Huang, Hong, Wenhui Xie, Yan Geng, Yong Fan et Zhuoli Zhang. « Mortality in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». Rheumatology 60, n^o 9 (20 avril 2021) : 4029–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keab364.

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Abstract Objective It remains debated whether patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) are at greater risk of mortality. We aimed to determine the magnitude of all-cause mortality risk in patients with pSS compared with the general population through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for studies published from inception to October 2020. Stata meta-analysis software was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates for mortality (standardized mortality ratio, SMR). Results Our search identified 2796 articles, of which 14 studies with 14 584 patients were eventually included for the analysis. A total of 902 deaths were observed. Overall, we found a 1.46-fold increased risk of death in pSS patients when compared with the general population [meta-standardized mortality ratio (SMR): 1.46, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.93]. Subgroup analyses showed that mortality risks were higher in European countries (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.33), in retrospective studies (meta-SMR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.05), in studies based on referral cohorts (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.30), in studies that enrolled >500 patients (meta-SMR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.61) and in studies with follow-up time longer than 8 years (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI: 0.87, 2.77). Significantly greater mortality risk was found in patients with older age, male gender, vasculitis, interstitial lung disease, low complements, positive anti-La/SSB and cryoglobulinaemia. Conclusion The existing data indicated ∼50% increase of mortality among patients with pSS compared with the general population. More attention should be paid to those patients with poor prognostic factors.

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Kilemi, Benjamin. « Threats Related to Maternal Mortality in Kenya : A Systematic Review ». British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 4, n^o 1 (11 février 2023) : 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0110.

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Given the high level of MMR in Kenya, this systematic review set out to systematically review studies on hazard quotients for maternal mortality in Kenya. The end goal of the review was to identify relevant empirical evidence that were included in the final study synthesis and answered the set research question and objectives. The addressed research question was ‘which are the elements of danger for maternal mortality in Kenya?’ Objectives of the study were to assess the socio-demographic risk factors for maternal mortality in Kenya and to determine the hospital based threats for maternal mortality in Kenya. Formulation of research question was guided by the population, exposure and outcomes (PEO) format. A qualitative systematic review design was adopted. The population under review was pregnant women and sample of the study included was 7. PubMed and Google Scholar were the databases used to access the included studies. CASP 2018 was used to appraise the selected/included studies. A qualitative synthesis was used by the study to present the results from the selected studies narratively. Study findings showed that individual level key risks for maternal mortality in Kenya included age, distance to healthcare centres, anaemia and labour complications. The results also showed that nurses’ attitude and mistreatment were among risk factors for ANC non-attendance and adverse health outcomes among pregnant women in Kenya. The study concludes that socio-demographic and hospital based risk factors affect MMR in Kenya and urgent steps have to be taken if SDG 3 is to be attained by the 2030 end date.

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Thomas, Harun, et Sanjay Agrawal. « Systematic Review of Obesity Surgery Mortality Risk Score—Preoperative Risk Stratification in Bariatric Surgery ». Obesity Surgery 22, n^o 7 (26 avril 2012) : 1135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11695-012-0663-7.

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Wohlfahrt, Peter, Jan Bruthans, Alena Krajčoviechová, Pavel Šulc, Aleš Linhart, Jan Filipovský, Otto Mayer Jr et al. « Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) and 20-year risk of cardiovascular mortality and cancer ». European Journal of Internal Medicine 79 (septembre 2020) : 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.034.

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Xu, J., D. D. Gong, C. F. Man et Y. Fan. « Parkinson's disease and risk of mortality : meta-analysis and systematic review ». Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 129, n^o 2 (20 novembre 2013) : 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ane.12201.

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Simpson, Scot H., Jayson Lee, Sabina Choi, Ben Vandermeer, Ahmed S. Abdelmoneim et Travis R. Featherstone. « Mortality risk among sulfonylureas : a systematic review and network meta-analysis ». Lancet Diabetes & ; Endocrinology 3, n^o 1 (janvier 2015) : 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70213-x.

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Barron, Evelyn, Jose Lara, Martin White et John C. Mathers. « Blood-Borne Biomarkers of Mortality Risk : Systematic Review of Cohort Studies ». PLOS ONE 10, n^o 6 (3 juin 2015) : e0127550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127550.

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Dahl, Mikkel, et Thomas Møller. « Valuation and hedging of life insurance liabilities with systematic mortality risk ». Insurance : Mathematics and Economics 39, n^o 2 (octobre 2006) : 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2006.02.007.

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Qiao, Chao, et Michael Sherris. « Managing Systematic Mortality Risk With Group Self-Pooling and Annuitization Schemes ». Journal of Risk and Insurance 80, n^o 4 (30 juillet 2012) : 949–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6975.2012.01483.x.

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Sharma, Shantanu, Charu Kohli, Linda Johnson, Louise Bennet, Nele Brusselaers et Peter M. Nilsson. « Birth size and cancer prognosis : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 11, n^o 4 (24 octobre 2019) : 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174419000631.

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AbstractThere is an established link between birth parameters and risk of adult-onset cancers. The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease concept provides potential underlying mechanisms for such associations, including intrauterine exposure to endogenous hormones (androgens and estrogens), insulin-like growth factors, etc. However, there is conflicting evidence on the association between birth parameters and the cancer mortality risk. Therefore, we aimed to review and analyse the available data on the association linking birth weight and birth length with cancer mortality. Eleven studies were identified, published until April 2019. A significant association between birth weight and the prognosis of cancer (overall) was found (relative risk, RR 1.06, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01, 1.11), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 27.7%). In addition, higher birth weight was associated with poorer prognosis of prostate cancer (RR 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.44). However, the association of birth weight with breast cancer mortality risk in women was not significant (RR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.44), which might be due to high statistical heterogeneity (I2 = 67.9%). Birth length was not associated with cancer mortality risk (RR 1.0, 95% CI: 0.90–1.11). It might be inferred that birth parameters are not associated with cancer mortality as strongly as with the risk of developing cancer. Also, the association between birth parameters and cancer mortality risk is not uniform and varies according to its subtypes, and study characteristics/design. This highlights the need for further prospective studies.

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Velásquez-Hernández, Karen Fabiola, Maria Luisa Peralta-Pedrero, Miriam De Jesús Velásquez-Hernández, Alan Isaac Valderrama-Treviño et Martha Alejandra Morales-Sánchez. « Mortality in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis : systematic review and meta-analysis ». International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, n^o 9 (25 août 2021) : 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213195.

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We had found contradictory results that have been reported in recent publications regarding the mortality risk of patients with psoriasis (Pso) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). These patients have aggregated risk behaviors, which directly impacted their morbidity/mortality. We included 15 studies, with a total population of that reported mortality risk in Pso and PsA patients. We calculated crude mortality rate (CMR) of each one and pooled CMR by group and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The pooled CMR for Pso was 14/1000 (95% CI: 6-21%), 12/1000 (95% CI: 10-15%) in mild, 19/1000 (95% CI: 15-23%) in severe and 12/1000 was observed (95% CI: 10-14%) in PsA. Mortality was relatively higher in PsA patients when compared with Pso, with a RR of 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p<0.01). Pso was associated with increased mortality when compared to the general population. Mild Pso and PsA have the same increased mortality, then again as the severity of Pso increased, so does its mortality. The final comparative mortality between patients with PsA and those with Pso was around 3%.

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English, Laural, Jamy Ard, Marlana Bates, Lydia Bazzano, Carol Boushey, Clarissa (Claire) Brown, Gisela Butera et al. « Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality : A NESR Systematic Review ». Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (juin 2021) : 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab038_015.

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Abstract Objectives To inform the 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Health and Human Services (HHS) identified important public health questions to be examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The Committee conducted a systematic review with support from USDA's Nutrition Evidence Systematic Review (NESR) team to answer the following question: What is the relationship between dietary patterns consumed and all-cause mortality? Methods The Committee developed protocols that described how they would use NESR's systematic review methodology to examine the evidence related to dietary patterns and all-cause mortality. NESR librarians conducted a literature search. NESR analysts dual-screened the results using pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify articles published between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated dietary patterns and all-cause mortality. NESR analysts extracted data and assessed risk of bias of included studies. The Committee synthesized the evidence, developed conclusion statements, and graded the strength of the evidence underlying the conclusion statements. Results This review included one hundred and fifty-three studies, which were well-designed and conducted using rigorous methods, with low or moderate risks of bias. Precision, directness, and generalizability were demonstrated across the body of evidence. Results across studies were highly consistent in the foods and beverages included in the dietary patterns associated with reduced ACM risk. Robustness of results were confirmed by analyses with confounding factors. Conclusions Strong evidence demonstrates that dietary patterns in adults and older adults characterized by vegetables, fruits, legumes, nuts, whole grains, unsaturated vegetable oils, and fish, lean meat or poultry when meat was included, are associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality. These patterns were also relatively low in red and processed meat, high-fat dairy, and refined carbohydrates or sweets. Some of these dietary patterns also included alcoholic beverages in moderation. (Grade: Strong) Funding Sources USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, Alexandria, VA.

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Moghadamnia, Mohammad Taghi, Ali Ardalan, Alireza Mesdaghinia, Abbas Keshtkar, Kazem Naddafi et Mir Saeed Yekaninejad. « Ambient temperature and cardiovascular mortality : a systematic review and meta-analysis ». PeerJ 5 (4 août 2017) : e3574. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3574.

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Introduction Our study aims at identifying and quantifying the relationship between the cold and heat exposure and the risk of cardiovascular mortality through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Material and Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Peer-reviewed studies about the temperature and cardiovascular mortality were retrieved in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2000 up to the end of 2015. The pooled effect sizes of short-term effect were calculated for the heat exposure and cold exposure separately. Also, we assessed the dose–response relationship of temperature-cardiovascular mortality by a change in units of latitudes, longitude, lag days and annual mean temperature by meta-regression. Result After screening the titles, abstracts and full texts, a total of 26 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased by 5% (RR, 1.055; 95% CI [1.050–1.060]) for the cold exposure and 1.3% (RR, 1.013; 95% CI [1.011–1.015]) for the heat exposure. The short-term effects of cold and heat exposure on the risk of cardiovascular mortality in males were 3.8% (RR, 1.038; 95% CI [1.034–1.043]) and 1.1%( RR, 1.011; 95% CI [1.009–1.013]) respectively. Moreover, the effects of cold and heat exposure on risk of cardiovascular mortality in females were 4.1% (RR, 1.041; 95% CI [1.037–1.045]) and 1.4% (RR, 1.014; 95% CI [1.011–1.017]) respectively. In the elderly, it was at an 8.1% increase and a 6% increase in the heat and cold exposure, respectively. The greatest risk of cardiovascular mortality in cold temperature was in the 14 lag days (RR, 1.09; 95% CI [1.07–1.010]) and in hot temperatures in the seven lag days (RR, 1.14; 95% CI [1.09–1.17]). The significant dose–response relationship of latitude and longitude in cold exposure with cardiovascular mortality was found. The results showed that the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased with each degree increased significantly in latitude and longitude in cold exposure (0.2%, 95% CI [0.006–0.035]) and (0.07%, 95% CI [0.0003–0.014]) respectively. The risk of cardiovascular mortality increased with each degree increase in latitude in heat exposure (0.07%, 95% CI [0.0008–0.124]). Conclusion Our findings indicate that the increase and decrease in ambient temperature had a relationship with the cardiovascular mortality. To prevent the temperature- related mortality, persons with cardiovascular disease and the elderly should be targeted. The review has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42016037673).

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Romandini, M., G. Baima, G. Antonoglou, J. Bueno, E. Figuero et M. Sanz. « Periodontitis, Edentulism, and Risk of Mortality : A Systematic Review with Meta-analyses ». Journal of Dental Research 100, n^o 1 (31 août 2020) : 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034520952401.

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Periodontitis has been independently associated with the chronic noncommunicable diseases that most frequently lead to death worldwide. The aim of the present systematic review was to study whether people with periodontitis/edentulism are at increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality as compared with those without periodontitis/edentulism. Cohort studies were included that 1) evaluated periodontitis or edentulism as exposures in relation to all-cause or cause-specific mortality as an outcome and 2) reported effect estimates as hazard ratios, risk ratios, or odds ratios with 95% CIs or crude numbers. Two review authors independently searched for eligible studies, screened the titles and abstracts, did full-text analysis, extracted the data from the published reports, and performed the risk-of-bias assessment. In case of disagreement, a third review author was consulted. Study results were summarized through random effects meta-analyses. A total of 57 studies were included, involving 48 cohorts and 5.71 million participants. Periodontitis was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (risk ratio, 1.46 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.85]) and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (1.47 [1.14 to 1.90]), cancer (1.38 [1.24 to 1.53]), coronary heart disease (2.58 [2.20 to 3.03]), cerebrovascular diseases (3.11 [2.42 to 3.98]), but not pneumonia (0.98 [0.69 to 1.38]). Edentulism (all types) was associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (1.66 [1.46 to 1.88]) and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases (2.03 [1.50 to 2.74]), cancer (1.55 [1.24 to 1.94]), pneumonia (1.72 [1.07 to 2.78]), coronary heart disease (2.98 [2.43 to 3.65]), and cerebrovascular diseases (3.18 [2.24 to 4.51]). Periodontitis and its ultimate sequela (edentulism) are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality (PROSPERO CRD42018100095).

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Nemetchek, Brooklyn, Lacey English, Niranjan Kissoon, John Mark Ansermino, Peter P. Moschovis, Jerome Kabakyenga, Susan Fowler-Kerry, Elias Kumbakumba et Matthew O. Wiens. « Paediatric postdischarge mortality in developing countries : a systematic review ». BMJ Open 8, n^o 12 (décembre 2018) : e023445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023445.

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ObjectivesTo update the current evidence base on paediatric postdischarge mortality (PDM) in developing countries. Secondary objectives included an evaluation of risk factors, timing and location of PDM.DesignSystematic literature review without meta-analysis.Data sourcesSearches of Medline and EMBASE were conducted from October 2012 to July 2017.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they were conducted in developing countries and examined paediatric PDM. 1238 articles were screened, yielding 11 eligible studies. These were added to 13 studies identified in a previous systematic review including studies prior to October 2012. In total, 24 studies were included for analysis.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted and synthesised data using Microsoft Excel.ResultsStudies were conducted mostly within African countries (19 of 24) and looked at all admissions or specific subsets of admissions. The primary subpopulations included malnutrition, respiratory infections, diarrhoeal diseases, malaria and anaemia. The anaemia and malaria subpopulations had the lowest PDM rates (typically 1%–2%), while those with malnutrition and respiratory infections had the highest (typically 3%–20%). Although there was significant heterogeneity between study populations and follow-up periods, studies consistently found rates of PDM to be similar, or to exceed, in-hospital mortality. Furthermore, over two-thirds of deaths after discharge occurred at home. Highly significant risk factors for PDM across all infectious admissions included HIV status, young age, pneumonia, malnutrition, anthropometric variables, hypoxia, anaemia, leaving hospital against medical advice and previous hospitalisations.ConclusionsPostdischarge mortality rates are often as high as in-hospital mortality, yet remain largely unaddressed. Most children who die following discharge do so at home, suggesting that interventions applied prior to discharge are ideal to addressing this neglected cause of mortality. The development, therefore, of evidence-based, risk-guided, interventions must be a focus to achieve the sustainable development goals.

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Odhiambo, Joab, Patrick Weke, Philip Ngare, Raphael Naryongo et Stanley Sewe. « Poisson Incorporated Credibility Regression Modelling of Systematic Mortality Risk for Populations with Finite Data ». Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (5 octobre 2022) : 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1753542.

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This study considered the modeling of systematic mortality risk for populations with finite data using the Poisson incorporated Credibility regression model. For novelty, we have included the credibility regression approach to modelling mortality by assuming the number of annual deaths follow a Poisson distribution. Our model shows improvement in precision levels when estimating mortality risk compared to classical models used in European countries. We have illustrated that our model works optimally when using Kenyan mortality data, comparing male and female lives under the different strategies, thus making better predictions than the classical Lee–Carter (LC) and Cairns–Blake–Dowd (CBD) models. The mean absolute forecast error (MAFE), mean absolute percentage forecast error (MAPFE), root mean square error (RMSE), and root mean square forecast error (RMSFE) under the incorporated credibility regression model are much lower than the values obtained without incorporation of the Buhlmann credibility approach. The findings of this research will help insurance companies, pension firms, and government agencies in sub-Saharan countries model and forecast systematic mortality risks accurately. Finally, the results are essential in actuarial modelling and pricing, thus making life assurance products affordable for most people in low-income African countries.

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Wang, Jie, Yangjing Xue, Saroj Thapa, Luping Wang, Jifei Tang et Kangting Ji. « Relation between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Events and Mortality : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ». BioMed Research International 2016 (2016) : 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8212063.

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Data on the association between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease and mortality are conflicting. The purpose of this report is to conduct a systematic review to better understand the role of AMD as a risk factor for CVD events and mortality. We searched Medline (Ovid) and Embase (Ovid) for trials published from 1980 to 2015. We included 20 cohort studies that reported relative risks with 95% confidence intervals for the association of AMD and cardiovascular events and mortality, involving 29,964,334 participants. In a random-effects model, the adjusted RR (95% confidence interval [CI]) associated with AMD was 1.08 (1.00–1.117) for all-cause mortality (8 studies) and 1.18 (0.98–1.43) for cardiovascular disease mortality (5 studies). The pooled RR (95% CI) was 1.17 (0.94–1.45) for coronary heart disease (CHD; 3 studies) and 1.13 (0.93–1.36) for stroke (8 studies). Findings from this systematic review support that AMD is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality. The evidence that AMD predicts incident CVD events or CVD mortality remains inclusive and warrants further study in the future.

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Saul, Celine, Shannon Lange et Charlotte Probst. « Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 12 (15 juin 2022) : 7354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127354.

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Being unemployed has been linked to various health burdens. In particular, there appears to be an association between unemployment and alcohol-attributable deaths. However, risk estimates presented in a previous review were based on only two studies. Thus, we estimated updated sex-stratified alcohol-attributable mortality risks for unemployed compared with employed individuals. A systematic literature search was conducted in August 2020 using the following databases: Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. The relative risk (RR) of dying from an alcohol-attributable cause of death for unemployed compared with employed individuals was summarized using sex-stratified random-effects DerSimonian-Laird meta-analyses. A total of 10 studies were identified, comprising about 14.4 million women and 19.0 million men, among whom there were about 3147 and 17,815 alcohol-attributable deaths, respectively. The pooled RRs were 3.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04–6.66) and 4.93 (95% CI 3.45–7.05) for women and men, respectively. The findings of our quantitative synthesis provide evidence that being unemployed is associated with an over three-fold higher risk of alcohol-attributable mortality compared with being employed. Consequently, a global public health strategy connecting brief interventions and specialized care with social services assisting those currently unemployed is needed.

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Asil, Serkan, Ender Murat, Hatice Taşkan, Veysel Özgür Barış, Suat Görmel, Salim Yaşar, Murat Çelik, Uygar Çağdaş Yüksel, Hasan Kutsi Kabul et Cem Barçın. « Relationship between Cardiovascular Disease Risk and Neck Circumference Shown in the Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation (SCORE) Risk Model ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 20 (14 octobre 2021) : 10763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010763.

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Introduction: The most important way to reduce CVD-related mortality is to apply appropriate treatment according to the risk status of the patients. For this purpose, the SCORE risk model is used in Europe. In addition to these risk models, some anthropometric measurements are known to be associated with CVD risk and risk factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association of these anthropometric measurements, especially neck circumference (NC), with the SCORE risk chart. Methods: This was planned as a cross-sectional study. The study population were classified according to their SCORE risk values. The relationship of NC and other anthropometric measurements with the total cardiovascular risk indicated by the SCORE risk was investigated. Results: A total of 232 patients were included in the study. The patients participating in the study were analysed in four groups according to the SCORE ten-year total cardiovascular mortality risk. As a result, the NC was statistically significantly lower among the SCORE low and moderate risk group than all other SCORE risk groups (low-high and very high 36(3)–38(4) (IQR) p: 0.026, 36(3)–39(4) (IQR) p < 0.001, 36(3)–40(4) (IQR) p < 0.001), (moderate-high and very high 38(4) vs. 39(4) (IQR) p: 0.02, 38(4) vs. 40(4) (IQR) p < 0.001, 39(4) vs. 40(4) (IQR) p > 0.05). NC was found to have the strongest correlation with SCORE than the other anthropometric measurements. Conclusions: Neck circumference correlates strongly with the SCORE risk model which shows the ten-year cardiovascular mortality risk and can be used in clinical practice to predict CVD risk.

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Rostamian, Somayeh, Saskia le. Cessie, Koen A. Marijt, J. Wouter Jukema, Simon P. Mooijaart, Mark A. van Buchem, Thorbald van Hall, Jacobijn Gussekloo et Stella Trompet. « Association of cognitive function with increased risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality : Longitudinal analysis, systematic review, and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies ». PLOS ONE 17, n^o 1 (7 janvier 2022) : e0261826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0261826.

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Background Disturbed cognitive function is associated with several causes of mortality; however, the association between cognitive function and the risk of cancer death has not been extensively investigated yet. We aimed to evaluate the association of cognitive function with the risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality in the PROspective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk (PROSPER) and Leiden 85-plus Study. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies were conducted to evaluate the association of cognitive function and risk of cancer death. Methods Risk of cancer death and all-cause mortality were reported using hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) in tertiles of cognitive function of PROSPER and Leiden85-Plus Study. Additionally, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, CINHAL, and Emcare were searched up to November 1st, 2020 to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis. The relative risks (RRs) with 95%CI of cancer death per each standard deviation lower performance in cognitive measurements were calculated. Results Participants of PROSPER had 1.65-fold (95%CI 1.11–2.47) greater risk of cancer death (P for trend = 0.016) and 1.85-fold (95%CI 1.46–2.34) higher risk of all-cause mortality (P for trend<0.001), in multivariable models. Results of the Leiden-85 Plus Study showed that subjects with MMSE score below 24 had a lower chance of cancer death (HR 0.79, 95%CI 0.36–1.70, P for trend = 0.820) but had 2.18-fold (95%CI 1.57–3.02) higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group (P for trend<0.001). Besides, the results of systematic review and meta-analysis showed that per each standard deviation lower performance in cognitive function, individuals were at a 10% higher chance of cancer death (RR 1.10, 95%CI 1.00–1.20, P-value = 0.044). Conclusions Lower cognitive function performance is associated with a marginally increased risk of cancer death, in line with a significantly greater risk of all-cause mortality.

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Wang, Zhenkun, Aihua Du, Hong Liu, Ziwei Wang et Jifa Hu. « Systematic Analysis of the Global, Regional and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases from 1990 to 2017 ». Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health 12, n^o 1 (13 décembre 2021) : 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44197-021-00024-2.

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Abstract Background Previous studies on the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were mainly based on limited data of the study period or area, or did not include detailed risk factor analysis. Objective To investigate up-to-date temporal and regional trends and risk factors of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to CVDs by age, sex, and disease throughout the world. Methods Data for the disease burden of CVDs in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017, including mortality, DALYs, age-standardized mortality rates, and age-standardized DALY rates, were estimated from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Risk factors attributable to deaths and DALYs for CVDs were also estimated using the comparative risk assessment framework. Results The number of deaths from CVDs increased by 48.62%, from 11.94 (95% UI 11.78–12.18) million in 1990 to 17.79 (17.53–18.04) million in 2017. However, the age-standardized mortality rate decreased by an average of − 1.45% (− 1.72% to − 1.18%) annually. After fluctuation in the expected age-standardized mortality rate of CVDs in most of the socio-demographic index (SDI) scale, these rates decrease rapidly for SDI values of 0.7 and higher. In 2017, metabolic risks accounted for 73.48% of deaths and 73.25% of DALYs due to CVDs, behavioral factors accounted for 63.23% of deaths and 66.71% of attributable DALYs. Conclusion CVDs remain a major global health burden due to the increment in death numbers and DALYs. Aging and the main risk factors are the main drivers of mortality and health loss. More attention to main risk factors should be paid with supportive health policies.

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Fleck-Derderian, Shannon, Christina A. Nelson, Katharine M. Cooley, Zachary Russell, Shana Godfred-Cato, Nadia L. Oussayef, Titilope Oduyebo, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Denise J. Jamieson et Dana Meaney-Delman. « Plague During Pregnancy : A Systematic Review ». Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, Supplement_1 (1 mai 2020) : S30—S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz1228.

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Abstract Background Yersinia pestis continues to cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of plague worldwide and is considered a tier 1 bioterrorism select agent due to its potential for intentional use. Knowledge about the clinical manifestations of plague during pregnancy, specifically the maternal, fetal, and neonatal risks, is very limited. Methods We searched 12 literature databases, performed hand searches, and consulted plague experts to identify publications on plague during pregnancy. Articles were included if they reported a case of plague during pregnancy and at least 1 maternal or fetal outcome. Results Our search identified 6425 articles, of which 59 were eligible for inclusion and described 160 cases of plague among pregnant women. Most published cases occurred during the preantibiotic era. Among those treated with antimicrobials, the most commonly used were sulfonamides (75%) and streptomycin (54%). Among cases treated with antimicrobials, maternal mortality and fetal fatality were 29% and 62%, respectively; for untreated cases, maternal mortality and fetal fatality were 67% and 74%, respectively. Five cases demonstrated evidence of Y. pestis in fetal or neonatal tissues. Conclusions Untreated Y. pestis infection during pregnancy is associated with a high risk of maternal mortality and pregnancy loss. Appropriate antimicrobial treatment can improve maternal survival, although even with antimicrobial treatment, there remains a high risk of pregnancy loss. Limited evidence suggests that maternal-fetal transmission of Y. pestis is possible, particularly in the absence of antimicrobial treatment. These results emphasize the need to treat or prophylax pregnant women with suspected plague with highly effective antimicrobials as quickly as possible.

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Baxter, Amanda J., Andrew Page et Harvey A. Whiteford. « Factors Influencing Risk of Premature Mortality in Community Cases of Depression : A Meta-Analytic Review ». Epidemiology Research International 2011 (22 juin 2011) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/832945.

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Background. Depressive disorders are associated with substantial risk of premature mortality. A number of factors may contribute to reported risk estimates, making it difficult to determine actual risk of excess mortality in community cases of depression. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of excess mortality in population-based studies of clinically defined depression. Methods. Population-based studies reporting all-cause mortality associated with a clinically defined depressive disorder were included in the systematic review. Estimates of relative risk for excess mortality in population-representative cases of clinical depressive disorders were extracted. A meta-analysis was conducted using Stata to pool estimates of excess mortality and identify sources of heterogeneity within the data. Results. Twenty-one studies reporting risk of excess mortality in clinical depression were identified. A significantly higher risk of mortality was found for major depression (RR 1.92 95% CI 1.65–2.23), but no significant difference was found for dysthymia (RR 1.37 95% CI 0.93–2.00). Relative risk of excess mortality was not significantly different following the adjustment of reported risk estimates. Conclusion. A mortality gradient was identified with increasing severity of clinical depression. Recognition of depressive symptoms in general practice and appropriate referral for evidence-based treatment may help improve outcomes, particularly in patients with comorbid physical disorders.

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Li, Shan, Feng Gao, Hai-ou Hu, Jin Shi et Jie Zhang. « Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Aortoesophageal Fistula Related to Aortic Lesions ». Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2020 (17 septembre 2020) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4850287.

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Objective. Aortoesophageal fistula (AEF) related to aortic aneurysm and dissection is an uncommon but life-threatening condition. We performed a systematic review of risk factors for mortality and factors associated with the prognosis of AEF. Methods. A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and treatments were assessed in terms of their ability to predict mortality. Results. The systematic review identified 184 eligible articles including 219 patients with AEF. Multivariable Cox regression revealed positive correlations of hemorrhagic shock (hazard ratio (HR): 1.824, 95% CI: 1.217-2.735, P=0.004), sepsis (HR: 1.714, 95% CI: 1.112-2.641, P=0.015), multiorgan failure (HR: 3.060, 95% CI: 1.470-6.368, P=0.003), and conservative treatment (HR: 5.257, 95% CI: 3.405-8.116, P<0.001) with mortality and a negative correlation between combination therapy (aortic graft replacement and esophagectomy) and mortality (HR: 0.319, 95% CI: 0.125-0.813, P=0.017). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that the 1-year cumulative survival rate was 42.5±3.8%. The overall fistula-related mortality rate was 47.0% (103/219). The most common causes of death were bleeding (54.9%) and infection (29.2%). Conclusions. We found that hemorrhagic shock, sepsis, and multiorgan failure were risk factors for death in patients with AEF. Additionally, conservative treatment was associated with a higher rate of mortality, while combined aortic graft replacement and esophagectomy improved the prognosis.

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Misra, Aroonima, Geetha Menon, Anju Pradhan Sinha, Shivani Singh, M. Vishnu Vardhana Rao et Saurabh Sharma. « Risk factors for perinatal mortality in India : a systematic review of observational studies ». International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, n^o 10 (28 septembre 2022) : 3849. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20222582.

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Perinatal mortality (PM) is a major public health problem in India and multiple maternal and foetal risk factors have been attributed to high perinatal mortality. This review aimed to systematically summarize the epidemiological literature on maternal and fetal risk factors for PM including those for still birth, intrauterine deaths; early neonatal mortality; early neonatal deaths in India. This systematic review was compliant with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched for peer-reviewed articles from three electronic bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar published between 1 January 2000 and 31 March 2019 that reported the risk factors of perinatal mortality in India. Observational studies (cross sectional, case-control and COHORT Studies). Eighteen articles were included in this review. The major risk factors identified for perinatal mortality in India were maternal age, parity, higher birth order and maternal anemia. Complications during pregnancy like ante partum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, obstructed labor, preterm labor and fetal factors like gestational age and low birth weight were documented as risk factors for perinatal deaths. Strengthening national health programs and targeted interventions for both antenatal and institutional care is required to bring down perinatal deaths in India.

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Kwok, Chun Shing, Yoon K. Loke, Kenneth Woo et Phyo Kyaw Myint. « Risk Prediction Models for Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia : A Systematic Review ». BioMed Research International 2013 (2013) : 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/504136.

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Background. Several models have been developed to predict the risk of mortality in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aims to systematically identify and evaluate the performance of published risk prediction models for CAP.Methods. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library in November 2011 for initial derivation and validation studies for models which predict pneumonia mortality. We aimed to present the comparative usefulness of their mortality prediction.Results. We identified 20 different published risk prediction models for mortality in CAP. Four models relied on clinical variables that could be assessed in community settings, with the two validated models BTS1 and CRB-65 showing fairly similar balanced accuracy levels (0.77 and 0.72, resp.), while CRB-65 had AUROC of 0.78. Nine models required laboratory tests in addition to clinical variables, and the best performance levels amongst the validated models were those of CURB and CURB-65 (balanced accuracy 0.73 and 0.71, resp.), with CURB-65 having an AUROC of 0.79. The PSI (AUROC 0.82) was the only validated model with good discriminative ability among the four that relied on clinical, laboratorial, and radiological variables.Conclusions. There is no convincing evidence that other risk prediction models improve upon the well-established CURB-65 and PSI models.

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Harrison, Joanna, James Hill et Karen Palmer. « Identifying risk factors for mortality in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 ». British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 16, n^o 6 (2 juin 2021) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2021.0029.

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This article is an evidence commentary based on the study ‘Predictors of mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis’ by Tian et al, published in volume 92 of the Journal of Medical Virology in 2020. This commentary critically appraises the methods used within this systematic review and meta-analysis and discusses the findings in the context of clinical practice.

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Baker, Jessica, Nandita Krishnan, Lorien C. Abroms et Carla J. Berg. « The Impact of Tobacco Use on COVID-19 Outcomes : A Systematic Review ». Journal of Smoking Cessation 2022 (20 janvier 2022) : 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5474397.

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Introduction. Tobacco use increases risks for numerous diseases, including respiratory illnesses. We examined the literature to determine whether a history of tobacco use increases risks for adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Methods. We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, LitCovid, Scopus, and Europe PMC (for preprints) using COVID-19 and tobacco-related terms. We included studies of human subjects with lab-confirmed COVID-19 infections that examined tobacco use history as an exposure and used multivariable analyses. The data was collected between March 31st, 2020, and February 20th, 2021. Outcomes included mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and illness severity. Results. Among the 39 studies (33 peer-reviewed, 6 preprints) included, the most common outcome assessed was mortality ( n = 32 ). The majority of these studies (17/32) found that tobacco use increased risk, one found decreased risk, and 14 found no association. Tobacco use was associated with increased risk of hospitalization in 7 of 10 studies, ICU admission in 6 of 9 studies, mechanical ventilation in 2 of 6 studies, and illness severity in 3 of 9 studies. One study found that tobacco use history increased risk of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients. Tobacco use was found to compound risks associated with diabetes ( n = 1 ), cancer ( n = 2 ), and chronic liver disease ( n = 1 ). Conclusion. There is strong evidence that tobacco use increases risks of mortality and disease severity/progression among COVID-19 patients. Public health efforts during the pandemic should encourage tobacco users to quit use and seek care early and promote vaccination and other preventive behaviors among those with a history of tobacco use.

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Shajahan, Sultana, Janaki Amin, Jacqueline K. Phillips et Cara M. Hildreth. « Relationship between sex and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease : A systematic review and meta-analysis ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 7 (12 juillet 2021) : e0254554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254554.

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant health challenge associated with high cardiovascular mortality risk. Historically, cardiovascular mortality risk has been found to higher in men than women in the general population. However, recent research has highlighted that this risk may be similar or even higher in women than men in the CKD population. To address the inconclusive and inconsistent evidence regarding this relationship between sex and cardiovascular mortality within CKD patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles published between January 2004 and October 2020 using PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, Scopus and Cochrane databases was performed. Forty-eight studies were included that reported cardiovascular mortality among adult men relative to women with 95% confidence intervals (CI) or provided sufficient data to calculate risk estimates (RE). Random effects meta-analysis of reported and calculated estimates revealed that male sex was associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality in CKD patients (RE 1.13, CI 1.03–1.25). Subsequent subgroup analyses indicated higher risk in men in studies based in the USA and in men receiving haemodialysis or with non-dialysis-dependent CKD. Though men showed overall higher cardiovascular mortality risk than women, the increased risk was marginal, and appropriate risk awareness is necessary for both sexes with CKD. Further research is needed to understand the impact of treatment modality and geographical distribution on sex differences in cardiovascular mortality in CKD.

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Chadalawada, Sindhu, Anis Rassi, Omar Samara, Anthony Monzon, Deepika Gudapati, Lilian Vargas Barahona, Peter Hyson et al. « Mortality risk in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy : a systematic review and meta‐analysis ». ESC Heart Failure 8, n^o 6 (30 octobre 2021) : 5466–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13648.

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Aoyama, Kazuyoshi, Rohan D’Souza, Ruxandra Pinto, Joel G. Ray, Andrea Hill, Damon C. Scales, Stephen E. Lapinsky et al. « Risk prediction models for maternal mortality : A systematic review and meta-analysis ». PLOS ONE 13, n^o 12 (4 décembre 2018) : e0208563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208563.

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Fillmore, Kaye Middleton, William C. Kerr, Tim Stockwell, Tanya Chikritzhs et Alan Bostrom. « Moderate alcohol use and reduced mortality risk : Systematic error in prospective studies ». Addiction Research & ; Theory 14, n^o 2 (janvier 2006) : 101–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16066350500497983.

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