Bibliographies thématiques / Sustainability of the biomass use

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Sustainability of the biomass use »

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Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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Reijnders, L. « Conditions for the sustainability of biomass based fuel use ». Energy Policy 34, no 7 (mai 2006) : 863–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.09.001.

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Zhou, Zhong Ren. « A Theoretical Study of the Sustainable Use of Biomass Energy by Rural Households in China ». Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (novembre 2011) : 2905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2905.

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Biomass energy is an important component of household energy consumption in rural areas of China. However, under current exploitation levels, the energy source is beset with both theoretical and practical challenges, and its sustainable utilization is seriously restricted. One key to solving this problem is the establishment of a theoretical framework for the sustainable use of biomass energy by rural households. Based on the new viewpoint that biomass energy is a type of ‘weakly’ renewable energy, this paper provides the first theoretical basis outlining the sustainable use of biomass energy in rural households, including systems theory, the theory of ecological carrying capacity, the utility theory, the theory of ecological economics and the theory of natural resource values. The relationships among these theories are also discussed. In addition, four conditions governing the theoretical sustainable use of biomass energy by rural households are analyzed: the sustainability of the resource supply, the sustainability of biomass energy production, the sustainability of consumer acceptance, and the sustainability of ecological environmental effects.
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Burritt, Roger L., et Stefan Schaltegger. « Measuring the (un‐)sustainability of industrial biomass production and use ». Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal 3, no 2 (16 novembre 2012) : 109–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20408021211282377.

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Shahbeig, Hossein, Alireza Shafizadeh, Marc A. Rosen et Bert F. Sels. « Exergy sustainability analysis of biomass gasification : a critical review ». Biofuel Research Journal 9, no 1 (1 mars 2022) : 1592–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18331/brj2022.9.1.5.

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Biomass gasification technology is a promising process to produce a stable gas with a wide range of applications, from direct use to the synthesis of value-added biochemicals and biofuels. Due to the high capital/operating costs of the technology and the necessity for prudent management of thermal energy exchanges in the biomass gasification process, it is important to use advanced sustainability metrics to ensure that environmental and other sustainability factors are addressed beneficially. Consequently, various engineering techniques are being used to make decisions on endogenous and exogenous parameters of biomass gasification processes to find the most efficient, viable, and sustainable operations and conditions. Among available approaches, exergy methods have attracted much attention due to their scientific rigor in accounting for the performance, cost, and environmental impact of biomass gasification systems. Therefore, this review is devoted to critically reviewing and numerically scrutinizing the use of exergy methods in analyzing biomass gasification systems. First, a bibliometric analysis is conducted to systematically identify research themes and trends in exergy-based sustainability assessments of biomass gasification systems. Then, the effects of biomass composition, reactor type, gasifying agent, and operating parameters on the exergy efficiency of the process are thoroughly investigated and mechanistically discussed. Unlike oxygen, nitrogen, and ash contents of biomass, the exergy efficiency of the gasification process is positively correlated with the carbon and hydrogen contents of biomass. A mixed gasifying medium (CO2 and steam) provides higher exergy efficiency values. The downdraft fixed-bed gasifier exhibits the highest exergy efficiency among biomass gasification systems. Finally, opportunities and limitations of exergy methods for analyzing sustainability aspects of biomass gasification systems are outlined to guide future research in this domain.
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Bhutto, Abdul Waheed, Aqeel Ahmed Bazmi, Sadia Karim, Rashid Abro, Shaukat Ali Mazari et Sabzoi Nizamuddin. « Promoting sustainability of use of biomass as energy resource : Pakistan’s perspective ». Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no 29 (26 août 2019) : 29606–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06179-7.

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Hartman, Brent J. « Defining "Biomass" : An Examination of State Renewable Energy Standards ». Texas Wesleyan Law Review 19, no 1 (octobre 2012) : 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v19.i1.1.

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This Article encourages state and federal policymakers to consider the sustainability of biomass when establishing or implementing standards that mandate or incentivize the use of biomass for energy, whether as fuel or electricity. Revealing the important role biomass plays in renewable energy standards, Section II introduces the concepts of biomass, renewable energy objectives, and sustainability. Section III surveys the various definitions of "biomass." The survey exposes widespread use of an inadequate definition of "biomass," primarily due to the policy oversight that renewable does not equal sustainable. Section IV provides a discussion of two solutions to remedy the problem of the deficient definition of "biomass." The first solution discussed is a model approach to be utilized by policymakers. The approach can be utilized when a state renews or revises RPS goals, when a state without a RPS enacts a RPS, or when an agency managing a program encounters an ambiguous, broad definition. The approach includes factors to consider when developing a definition of "biomass." One such consideration is sustainability certification. Environmental and energy objectives can be fused by the adoption of a certification program, such as sustainability certification based on standards and procedures developed by the Roundtable on Sustainable Biofuels ("RSB"). The approach also suggests utilizing Renewable Energy Credit ("REC") multipliers based on those meeting or exceeding sustainability goals. The second proposed solution encourages a national RPS, preferably non-preemptive. A national RPS will help develop nationwide standards while providing latitude for statespecific energy objectives. National policymakers should also consider utilizing the model approach. Alone or combined, these solutions help ensure that progressive energy policy does not negatively impact the environment.
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Sperandio, Giulio, Andrea Acampora, Vincenzo Civitarese, Sofia Bajocco et Marco Bascietto. « Transport Cost Estimation Model of the Agroforestry Biomass in a Small-Scale Energy Chain ». Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no 1 (11 novembre 2020) : 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07891.

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The delivery of biomass products from the production place to the point of final use is of fundamental importance within the constitution of energy chains based on biomass use as renewable energy source. In fact, transport can be one of the most economically expensive operations of the entire biomass energy production process. In this work, a geographic identification, through remote sensing and photo-interpretation, of the different biomass sources was used to estimate the potential available biomass for energy in a small-scale supply chain. The economic sustainability of transport costs was calculated for different types of biomass sources available close to a biomass power plant of a small-scale energy supply chain, in central Italy. The proposed analysis allows us to highlight and visualize on the map the areas of the territory characterized by greater economic sustainability in terms of lower transport costs of residual agroforestry biomass from the collection point to the final point identified with the biomass power plant. The higher transport cost was around € 40 Mg−1, compared to the lowest of € 12 Mg−1.
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Sperandio, Giulio, Alessandro Suardi, Andrea Acampora et Vincenzo Civitarese. « Environmental Sustainability of Heat Produced by Poplar Short-Rotation Coppice (SRC) Woody Biomass ». Forests 12, no 7 (5 juillet 2021) : 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12070878.

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As demonstrated for some time, the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere can also take place using agroforestry biomass. Short-rotation coppice (SRC) is one of the sources of woody biomass production. In our work, the supply of woody biomass was considered by examining four different cutting shifts (2, 3, 4 and 5 years) and, for each, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) was evaluated according to the IPCC 2007 method. Regarding the rotation cycle, four biomass collection systems characterized by different levels of mechanization were analyzed and compared. In this study, it was assumed that the biomass produced by the SRC plantations was burned in a 350 kWt biomass power plant to heat a public building. The environmental impact generated by the production of 1 GJ of thermal energy was assessed for each of the forest plants examined, considering the entire life cycle, from the field phase to the energy production. The results were compared with those obtained to produce the same amount of thermal energy from a diesel boiler. Comparing the two systems analyzed, it was shown that the production and use of wood biomass to obtain thermal energy can lead to a reduction in the Global Warming Potential of over 70% compared to the use of fossil fuel.
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Hadrović, Sabahudin, Ljubinko Rakonjac, Tatjana Ćirković-Mitrović, Miroslava Marković et Đorđe Jović. « The value of biomass energy : The case study of "Crni Vrh-Deževski" in the Gornjeibarsko forest area ». Sustainable Forestry : Collection, no 81-82 (2020) : 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sustfor2081109h.

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Of all terrestrial ecosystems, forests are the most important carbon reservoirs. Therefore they deserve special care and protection. They are also an irreplaceable source of biomass for energy. Forest biomass has been used as a fuel since the earliest times, and since the late twentieth century, there has been a renewed interest in its use for the production of heat and electricity. Forest biomass has become interesting as a source of energy due to some of its characteristics, above all its availability and uniformity around the world, which implies that both developing and less developed countries can use biomass as a renewable source of energy. Furthermore, biomass fuel is considered to be CO2 neutral. However, its use is not risk-free. The risks are mainly related to the sustainability of forest systems and their productivity. Therefore, the forestry profession must be extremely cautious in using forest biomass and follow the prescribed allowable cut. This paper deals with the current state of biomass for energy, its estimates and properties as fuel. It studies the sustainability of biomass through the preservation of forest ecosystems and all multipurpose benefits of forests.
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Strapchuk, Svitlana. « PRODUCTION AND USE OF BIOENERGY RESOURCES OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE ON THE BASIS OF SUSTAINABILITY ». Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development, no 9(28) (2021) : 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37100/2616-7689.2021.9(28).11.

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The article deals the analysis of production and consumption of bioenergy resources in agriculture. It is established that the assessment of resource potential is carried out with regard to the following energy trilemma: decarbonization, energy security and affordability, which significantly increases the interest in alternative fuels derived from renewable sources. In order to achieve sustainable development in the context of providing businesses with affordable and clean energy, national indicators relevant to the agricultural sector have been developed. Biomass production utilizes both land and human resourse to a greater extent than any other renewable energy technology, and can create sustainable supply chains. It has been proven that the use of biomass improves the supply and access to energy at the local and national levels, but also reduces waste disposal, provides an alternative use of biomass or fossil resources. It is noted that the main products of biomass processing are solid and liquid biofuels, biogas. Ukraine's energy strategy 2035 suggests an increase in the use of biomass in energy generation up to 11,5 %, and the main stimulus for growth is the use of green tariff. Biomass production requires the largest amount of land resources compared to other alternative sources. It limits the use of sown areas for food crops in favor of bioenergy crops. In particular, the raw materials for the production of bioethanol in Ukraine are sugar, starch crops and cellulose materials, which are converted into the final product by alcohol and sugar factories. Biodiesel production is not widespread enough, and more than 95 % of the gross harvest of rapeseed and soybeans used for its production in 2019 was exported. In the structure of solid biofuels, agricultural waste, in particular straw, stalks and husks, has the greatest potential for the use. Thus, biomass is an alternative energy resource that creates significant prospects for sustainable agriculture, but wholesale energy tariffs need to be revised to take into account external factors that consider insurance risks and increased environmental taxation, which is low in Ukraine.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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van, Slyke Torry. « Fields of Dreams : Scenarios to Produce Selected Biomass and Renewable Jet Fuels that Fulfill European Union Sustainability Criteria ». Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385902.

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Aviation greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have risen faster than any other transport sector to double between 1990 and 2005. Such emissions from aviation could increase another 700 percent globally, and at least 150 percent in the European Union (EU), by 2050 due to continuously increasing consumer demand. To reverse the trend of rising emissions writ large, the EU has set 2030 climate goals of reducing its GHG emissions by 40 percent (relative to 2005) and having 32 percent of gross final energy consumption from renewables. The EU’s recast Renewable Energy Directive (RED-II) calls for 14 percent of transport energy from renewables, gives multipliers to advanced biofuels, and restricts biomass that is from ecologically valuable lands or that causes land use change. Energy security and energy independence are also long-term EU goals. Many of these goals and targets have also been adopted by the European Free Trade Area (EFTA). Despite these efforts, options are limited to reduce aviation emissions compared to other transport sectors, leaving aviation biofuels, also known as renewable jet fuels (RJFs), as currently the only commercialized option. Against this backdrop, in this thesis scenario analyses were conducted to produce biomass from EU+EFTA lands, project RJF yields from this biomass, and estimate emissions savings of these RJFs compared to petroleum jet fuel. Particular effort was devoted to identifying biomass, biofuels, and EU+EFTA lands that comply with RED-II criteria. The two RJF pathways selected were hydroprocessed esters and fatty acid (HEFA) conversion of Camelina sativa vegetable oil and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis of forestry residue lignocellulosic biomass. Over 117 million hectares in the EU+EFTA was identified as available for Camelina sativa cultivation, which could yield over 64 Mt of RJF each year, or 113 percent of the total jet fuel consumed in the EU+EFTA in 2017. Conversely, if 50 percent of the forestry residues generated as by-products from EU+EFTA roundwood harvesting operations in 2017 were extracted from harvest sites, 40 Mt of forestry residues would be available as biomass, which would yield almost 7.6 Mt of RJF annually (13% of 2017 jet fuel consumption). If all 144 million hectares of EU+EFTA forest lands deemed available for wood supply were logged, 1,772 Mt of forestry residues would be produced in total (at 50 percent extraction), which could result in almost 337 Mt of RJF, or 590% of the jet fuel consumed in the region in 2017. Hence, RJF can be feasibly produced from biomass from EU+EFTA lands, in amounts that meet or exceed the annual jet fuel consumption of the EU+EFTA, and in ways that meet or exceed RED-II sustainability criteria. However, the proportion of these RJF yields to total annual EU+EFTA jet fuel consumption will decrease over time as the number of flights and their resulting emissions increase. The two RJFs also emit 67 percent and 91 percent fewer GHG emissions, respectively, than petroleum-based jet fuel, showing them to be important tools for the EU to meet its 2030 renewables and emissions reductions targets. Producing the biomass feedstocks and RJFs in these quantities will require the EU to make serious decisions on land use trade-offs, such as whether livestock production is more important than biofuel production.
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Puy, Marimon Neus. « Integrated sustainability analysis of innovative uses of forest biomass. Bio-oil as an energy vector ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/48708.

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Aquesta investigació ofereix un enfocament multidisciplinari, des d’un punt de vista ambiental, social, econòmic i tecnològic, per a estudiar nous usos de la biomassa forestal utilitzant diferents metodologies, com són els grups de discussió, l’anàlisi del cicle de vida i experimental en una planta pilot de piròlisi. En primer lloc, es realitza una avaluació integrada per mitjà de grups de discussió per a identificar les barreres polítiques, socials i ambientals que han impedit que els sistemes integrats de biomassa forestal hagin continuat desenvolupant‐se en el context mediterrani. Els resultats mostren que, tot i les grans oportunitats i apostes per aquests sistemes, és necessari considerar factors socioecològics específics, com ara els règims de propietat, la baixa productivitat dels boscos mediterranis, la feble capacitat institucional, logística i dificultats d'abastament i la falta de rendibilitat econòmica dels productes forestals, si la biomassa forestal ha de contribuir decisivament a la producció de fonts d'energia renovables a Europa. En segon lloc, es duu a terme una anàlisi del cicle de vida d'una planta de gasificació de biomassa forestal i de fusta de post‐consum. Aquest estudi mostra que la biomassa forestal necessita majors requeriments d'energia, degut principalment a una fase d'assecatge addicional que necessita per complir amb els requeriments d’entrada de la gasificació. Finalment, els aspectes tecnològics s’analitzen estudiant la piròlisi de la biomassa. Primer, s’aplica el model d'activació d’energies distribuïdes (DAEM) a la desvolatilització de la biomassa i els seus components. Posteriorment, s’estudia la piròlisi d’estelles de biomassa forestal en una planta pilot amb un reactor de cargol sense fi (10 kg/h) per a estudiar les condicions òptimes d'operació (temperatura de reacció, temps de residència de sòlids i flux màssic) i per a determinar les propietats fisicoquímiques dels productes obtinguts. Els resultats mostren que es pot aconseguir una piròlisi completa de les estelles de biomassa en aquest tipus de reactor i que el major rendiment per a la producció de líquid (59%) i les millors propietats dels productes s’obtenen en la temperatura més baixa estudiada (773 K) i aplicant temps de residència de sòlids de més de 2 minuts. La caracterització química del biooil mitjançant GC/MS mostra que els compostos més abundants són compostos polars volàtils, fenols i benzenediols. Es poden observar molt poques diferències en les propietats físiques de les diferents mostres de bio‐oil, el qual és similar al bio‐oil obtinguts en reactors semblants. Els balanços d'energia del procés de piròlisi de la planta pilot i d’una planta escalada (1500 kg/h) mostren que es necessita una unitat d'assecatge i una cambra de combustió de carbó si la piròlisi s’ha de realitzar en una planta mòbil, tot i que el procés és autosuficient energèticament quan el contingut d'humitat de la biomassa és inferior al 6%. L'anàlisi econòmica demostra que els costos totals de producció de biocombustible a la planta pilot escalada se situen entre 269 i 289 €/m3, depenent del cost de la biomassa (40‐50 €/tona). El punt d'equilibri de la planta de piròlisi és de 116 €/barril quan la biomassa es compra a 50 €/tona i 108 €/barril quan el cost de la biomassa és de 40 €/tona. A llarg termini, el bio‐oil ofereix un gran potencial com a vector energètic i en el futur escenari d’una biorefineria, un nou enfocament que s'estudia a través de la dissolució de la fusta en líquids iònics mitjançant microones. En conjunt, aquests nous usos representen una gran oportunitat per al sector forestal en el context mediterrani, ja que ofereixen productes d’alt valor afegit com és el bio‐oil. El bio‐oil és un vector energètic, tan versàtil com el petroli, i que pot ser la base per a una nova generació de biocombustibles de segona generació i, alhora, matèria primera per a biorefineries. A més, aquesta tesi també està relacionada amb la sostenibilitat social, suggerint accions i propostes associades amb el desenvolupament local i l’economia en xarxa i facilitant la presa de decisions, cosa que ajuda a fer un pas endavant cap a un coneixement global i integral de la sostenibilitat.
This research offers a multidisciplinary approach, from the environmental, social, economic and technological standpoint, to study different novel uses of forest biomass using different methodologies such as IA‐Focus Groups, Life Cycle Assessment and experimental in a pyrolysis pilot plant. First, an integrated assessment of forest biomass systems by focus groups methodology is carried out to identify what political, social and environmental barriers have prevented integrated forest biomass systems to be further developed in the Mediterranean context. Results show that while the opportunities and stakes are high, specific socio‐ecologic factors, such as property regimes, low productivity of Mediterranean forests, weak institutional capacity, logistics and supply difficulties and the lack of economic profitability of forest products, need to be taken into account if forest biomass is to contribute decisively to securing renewable sources of energy in Europe, integrating landscape planning with resource policies or mitigating climate change. Second, a life cycle assessment of a gasification plant using forest biomass and post‐consumer wood is performed. This study shows that forest biomass needs higher energy requirements due to mainly an additional drying stage in order to comply with the gasification demands. Finally, technological aspects are investigated by studying biomass pyrolysis. An application of the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM) to biomass and biomass constituents’ devolatilisation is performed to study the thermal decomposition of biomass. Next, pine woodchips pyrolysis is carried out in an auger reactor pilot plant (10 kg/h) to study the optimal operation conditions (reaction temperature, solid residence time and mass flow rate) and to characterize the properties of the products obtained. Results show that complete woodchip pyrolysis can be achieved in the auger reactor and the greatest yields for liquid production (59%) and optimum product characterisation are obtained at the lowest temperature studied (773 K) applying solid residence times longer than 2 minutes. Bio‐oil GC/MS characterisation shows that the most abundant compounds are volatile polar compounds, phenols and benzenediols. Very few differences can be observed in the physical properties of the bio‐oil samples regardless of the operating conditions, and these properties are similar to bio‐oil obtained in other auger reactors. Energy balances of the pyrolysis process in the pilot plant and in a scaled up auger reactor mobile plant (1500 kg/h) show that a drying unit and a char combustor are needed if the pyrolysis has to be performed in a mobile plant, even though the process is energy‐independent when moisture content is lower than 6%. The economic assessment shows that total costs of producing bio‐oil in the scaled‐up pilot plant is between 269 and 289 €/m3 depending on the biomass cost (40‐50€/ton). The break‐even point of the pyrolysis plant is 116 €/barrel when the biomass is purchased at 50 €/ton and 108 €/barrel when the biomass cost is 40 €/ton. In the long term, bio‐oil offers great potential as an energy vector and in a biorefinery scenario, a novel approach that is studied by performing microwave‐assisted dissolution of wood in ionic liquids. On the whole, these novel uses offer great opportunity for the Mediterranean forestry sector, since they offer value‐added products such as bio‐oil. Bio‐oil represents a new energy carrier, which is as versatile as oil and which may be the basis for a new generation of secondgeneration biofuels and, in turn, raw material for biorefineries. This dissertation is also related to social sustainability by suggesting actions and proposals related to local development and the network economy, as well as facilitating decision‐making processes, which help to make a step forward to a global and integral knowledge of sustainability.
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Zurba, Kamal. « Is short rotation forestry biomass sustainable ? » Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-212162.

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Despite the negative effects of fossil fuels on the environment, these remain as the primary contributors to the energy sector. In order to mitigate global warming risks, many countries aim at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Bioenergy crops are being used as a substitute for fossil fuels and short rotation forestry is a prime example. In order to examine the sustainability of energy crops for fuel, typical European short rotation forestry (SRF) biomass, willow (Salix spp.) and poplar (Populus spp.) are examined and compared to rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in respect to various aspects of soil respiration and combustion heat obtained from the extracted products per hectare. Various approaches are used to look at an As-contaminated site not only in the field but also in a soil-column experiment that examines the fate of trace elements in SRF soils, and in an analysis using MICMAC to describe the driving factors for SRF crop production. Based on the cause-effect chain, the impacts of land-use change and occupation on ecosystem quality are assessed when land-use is changed from degraded land (grassland) to willow and poplar SRF. A manual opaque dynamic closed chamber system (SEMACH-FG) was utilized to measure CO2 emissions at a willow/poplar short rotation forest in Krummenhennersdorf, Germany during the years 2013 and 2014, and at a rapeseed site in 2014. Short rotation forest soils showed higher CO2 emission rates during the growing season than the dormant season – with a CO2 release of 5.62±1.81 m-2 s-1 for willows and 5.08±1.37 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 for poplars in the growing season. However, during the dormant season the soil sites with willow emitted 2.54±0.81 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 and with poplar 2.07±0.56 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The highest emission rates for the studied plantations were observed in July for both years 2013 and 2014, during which the highest air and soil temperatures were recorded. Correlations between soil emission of CO2 and some meteorological parameters and leaf characteristics were investigated for the years 2013 and 2014. For example, for the willow clone (Jorr) and poplar clone (Max 3), high correlations were found for each between their soil emission of CO2 and both soil temperature and moisture content. Fitted models can explain about 77 and 75% of the results for Jorr and Max 3 clones, respectively. Moreover, a model of leaf area (LA) can explain about 68.6% of soil CO2 emission for H275. Estimated models can be used as a gap-filling method, when field data is not available. The ratio between soil respiration and the combustion heat calculated from the extracted products per hectare was evaluated and compared for the study’s willow, poplar and rapeseed crops. The results show that poplar and willow SRF has a very low ratio of 183 kg CO2 GJ 1 compared to rapeseed, 738 kg CO2 GJ 1. The soil-column experiment showed that by continuing the SRF plantation at the As-contaminated site, remediation would need only about 3% of the time needed if the site was left as a fallow field. In order to understand the complex willow and poplar short rotation forestry production system, 50 key variables were identified and prioritized to describe the system as a step to enhance the success of such potentially sustainable projects. The MICMAC approach was used in order to find the direct and the indirect relationships between those parameters and to classify them into different clusters depending on their driving force and interdependency. From this, it can be summarized that in order to enhance the success of a SRF system, decision makers should be focussing on: ensuring a developed wood-fuel market, increasing farmers’ experience/training, improving subsidy regulations and recommending a proper harvesting year cycle. Finally, the impacts of land-use change and occupation on the ecosystem quality were assessed. Results show that establishing SRF plantations on degraded lands improved the ecosystem structural quality (ESQ) by about 43% and ecosystem functional quality (EFQ) by about 12%. Based on overall results, poplar and willow SRF biomass can be recommended as renewable and sustainable sources for bioenergy.
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Al-Salloum, Mohammed Y. « Use of Pyrolyzed Soybean Hulls as Filler in Polyamide-6 ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1626793395861062.

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Laser, Shelby L. « Exploring the Effects of Biomes on Public Health of Urban Residents ». Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1556981191847726.

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Cattelan, Lisa. « Green Reactions and Technologies for Biomass Valorisation ». Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18387.

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This research project has focussed on the upgrading of biomass derivatives, particularly glycerol derivatives and lignin, to higher added-value chemicals by means of green and sustainable technologies. The experimental work was divided into three main areas: i) Upgrading of glycerol and furan bio-based derivatives. Continuous-flow alkylation reactions. An innovative alkylation protocol was implemented using dialkyl carbonates as alkylating agents under continuous-flow conditions. In the presence of different classes of catalysts, Na-exchanged Y- and X-faujasites and Mg-Al hydrotalcites, functionalised bio-based alcohols and dialkyl carbonates were activated preferentially towards O-alkylations over the competitive transesterifications and other side-reactions. Synthesis of symmetrical dialkyl carbonates. s-DAlCs are of great interest as eco-friendly solvents and intermediates. Carbonate interchange reaction strategies have been investigated in this Thesis and a CF-protocol for the disproportionation of four different methyl alkyl carbonates was optimised, using Mg-Al hydrotalcites as heterogeneous catalysts. ii) Catalytic depolymerisation of Kraft lignin. Lignocellulosic biomass has been proposed as one renewable feedstock to supplement dwindling fossil reserves. In this Thesis, the catalytic depolymerisation of Kraft lignin, which constitutes 25-30% of lignocellulosic biomass, in supercritical ethanol was explored in the presence of eight Mo2C- and MoS2-based catalysts, affording aromatic yields as high as 506 mg/g lignin, amongst the highest yields reported to date. iii) Cleaning up fuels. Nitrogen-based compounds are commonly found in biocrude oils generated from biomass. Since they interfere with traditional refining methods they need to be removed prior to their integration into the supply chain. In this thesis, twelve ionic liquids based on common cations and anions were synthesised and used for the selective extraction of archetypical N-compounds from a model oil.
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Hallmann, Fanfan Weng. « Uncertainty, Emerging Biomass Markets, and Land Use ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37819.

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In this dissertation, we study the effects of emerging biomass markets on land use changes between alternatives of agricultural production, conventional timber production, and forest woody biomass production for energy use. Along with the uncertainty associated with woody biomass prices and rents, transaction costs incurred to land use play an important role in land allocation decisions and make this study distinct from other work. In Chapter 1, we introduce the background and objectives of our study. In Chapter 2, we analyze the behavior of a risk-neutral private landowner and social planner under uncertainty of woody biomass prices, assuming that there is a market emergence at some unknown time point in the future. Market emergence is characterized by a price jump and a certain timing of the price jump. Six different price jumps and five different timings of bioenergy market emergence are adopted to study their collective effects on land use change between agriculture and forestry. Chapter 3 studies this problem for a risk-averse private landowner. Two measures of relative risk aversion are used to examine how a landownerâ s preference may affect his or her land use decision. In Chapter 2, we find that, for three different quality categories of land, land rents from forestry increase significantly for higher price jumps and decreases in the length of time until bioenergy market emergence. One of the most important results is concerned with the presence of transaction costs. Here, we find that these costs may require unrealistic market emergence scenarios to lead to bioenergy adoption on any large scale. This result is even more likely with nonlinear transaction costs. Land allocation decisions in Chapter 3 are distinctly different from those in Chapter 2, due to the introduction of landowner risk aversion. In certain market emergence cases, some land units retain in agriculture entirely when the landowner is risk averse . The Chapter 4 studies a stochastic optimization problem of land use, assuming that woody biomass rents follow a stochastic diffusion called geometric Brownian motion that is later discretized by a binomial option pricing approach. The problems in Chapters 2 and 3 assume that the landowner must make all decisions at the beginning of his or her time horizon. This assumption is relaxed in Chapter 4. Now, the landowner is allowed to revise his or her land allocation decision among three alternatives over time as information about market emergence is collected. We observe that the different forms of transaction costs are not as significant as in Chapters 2 and 3. However, different values of volatility of forest biomass rents give rise to different land allocation decisions, especially for the land of high quality.
Ph. D.
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Zhang, Ou. « Compacting biomass waste materials for use as fuel / ». free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3075412.

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Adesanya, Victoria Oluwatosin. « Investigation into the sustainability and feasibility of potential algal-based biofuel production ». Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708126.

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Walter, Christof. « Sustainability assessment of land use systems ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981911935.

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Livres sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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Popa, Valentin I., dir. Sustainability of Biomass through Bio-based Chemistry. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. | Series : : CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429347993.

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, dir. Biomass and agriculture : Sustainability, markets and policies. Paris : OECD, 2004.

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Lund, Peter D., John Byrne, Göran Berndes et I. A. Vasalos. Advances in bioenergy : The sustainability challenge. Chichester, UK : John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

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Graver, Lauren S., et Matthew R. Kriss. Biofuel sustainability : Research areas and knowledge gaps. Hauppauge, N.Y : Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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Lee, Keat Teong, et Cynthia Ofori-Boateng. Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-70-3.

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Takeuchi, Kazuhiko. Biofuels and Sustainability : Holistic Perspectives for Policy-making. Tokyo : Springer Nature, 2018.

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Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia. Sustainability assessment of biomas energy utilisation in selected East Asian countries. Jakarta] : Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia, 2010.

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Poppe, Marcelo Khaled, et Luís Augusto Barbosa Cortez. Sustainability of sugarcane bioenergy. Sous la direction de Centro de Gestão e Estudos Estratégicos (Brazil). Brasília, DF, Brazil : CGEE, 2012.

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Directorate, Law Library of Congress (U S. ). Global Legal Research. Sustainability criteria for bio-fuels. Washington, DC] : The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Center, 2008.

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Naseem, Anwar. Biofertilizer use for agricultural sustainability. Islamabad : Sustainable Development Policy Institute, 1993.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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Thrän, Daniela, et Marek Gawor. « Biomass biomass Provision biomass provision and Use Biomass Use , Sustainability Aspects ». Dans Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1487–517. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_246.

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Thrän, Daniela, et Marek Gawor. « Biomass biomass Provision biomass provision and Use Biomass Use , Sustainability Aspects ». Dans Renewable Energy Systems, 522–52. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_246.

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Bauen, Ausilio, et Raphael Slade. « Biomass biomass Use on a Global Scale biomass use on a global scale ». Dans Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1607–18. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_243.

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van der Hilst, Floor, Ric Hoefnagels, Martin Junginger, Marc Londo, Li Shen et Birka Wicke. « Biomass Provision and Use : Sustainability Aspects ». Dans Energy from Organic Materials (Biomass), 1353–81. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7813-7_1048.

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van der Hilst, Floor, Ric Hoefnagels, Martin Junginger, Marc Londo, Li Shen et Birka Wicke. « Biomass Provision and Use, Sustainability Aspects ». Dans Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, 1–30. New York, NY : Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2493-6_1048-1.

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Lara-Flores, Anely A., Rafael G. Araújo, Rosa M. Rodríguez-Jasso, Mario Aguedo, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Heather L. Trajano et Héctor A. Ruiz. « Bioeconomy and Biorefinery : Valorization of Hemicellulose from Lignocellulosic Biomass and Potential Use of Avocado Residues as a Promising Resource of Bioproducts ». Dans Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 141–70. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7431-8_8.

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Lerche, Nils, Meike Schmehl et Jutta Geldermann. « Sustainability Assessment of Concepts for Energetic Use of Biomass : A Multi-Criteria Decision Support Approach ». Dans Operations Research Proceedings, 77–82. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00795-3_12.

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Assis, Ana Carolina, Luís Calado, Roberta Panizio, Vítor Matos, Helena Calado, Paulo Brito et Paulo Mourão. « Evaluation of the Possibility to Use By-Products of Gasification and Carbonization from Polymeric Residues and Biomass ». Dans Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2022), 250–61. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26849-6_26.

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Yadav, R. P., B. Gupta, J. K. Bisht, R. Kaushal, T. Mondal et Vijay Singh Meena. « Impact of Land Uses on Microbial Biomass C, N, and P and Microbial Populations in Indian Himalaya ». Dans Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Agricultural Sustainability, 233–55. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7553-8_12.

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Roy, Anirban, Yunsoo Choi, Amir Hossein Souri, Wonbae Jeon, Lijun Diao, Shuai Pan et David Westenbarger. « Effects of Biomass Burning Emissions on Air Quality Over the Continental USA : A Three-Year Comprehensive Evaluation Accounting for Sensitivities Due to Boundary Conditions and Plume Rise Height ». Dans Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 245–78. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7332-8_12.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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Eggerstedt, Kyle, Xia Wang, James Leidel et Krzytoff Kobus. « Initial Development of Optimum Biomass Pellets ». Dans ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54464.

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Renewable energy has become a major focus in today’s world of depleting energy resources. Biomass is starting to be utilized because it can be continually created within a reasonable period of time. Biomass particles are pressurized together in a pellet shape. The pellets are fed into a combustion chamber (stove) and burnt to create energy. The objective of this research is to test a range of pellet compositions and investigate their corresponding characteristics in the combustion process in order to maximize their energy output. The pellets investigated include single materials such as wood or various mixtures such as wood and grass. The pellets were tested to check the various criteria including the moisture content, density and energy content. Moisture content was found using a scale and desiccators. A thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) was used to determine the burning temperature of biomass, its weight composition and ash content. A calorimeter was used to find energy content. The Coats-Redfern Method along with a TGA was chosen for the analysis of the activation energy of biomass pellets. Among four types of pellets tested, the hardwood premium pellets has the lowest ash content of .66%. Premium Pellets also had the best energy content of 19.16 MJ/kg. Beet Pulp Pellets had the lowest activation energy of all the materials with 99.92 kJ/mol activation energy. Overall the hardwood pellets performed the best but could be improved with the addition of other biomasses. An optimum pellet may be created with a mixture of multiple materials.
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Ates¸, Funda. « Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass With Activated Alumina ». Dans ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54689.

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In this study, corncob was chosen as a biomass sample and the pyrolysis of this sample was carried out with or without catalyst at different conditions in a well-swept fixed-bed reactor. In the experimental studies, firstly the raw material was analysed for its moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. Then, experiments were conducted with a heating rate of 700 °C/min, mean particle size and between 300–800 °C pyrolysis temperatures with or without catalyst. The catalytic experiments involved a dry mixing of the catalyst with the biomass using an in bed-mode in the nitrogen atmosphere. In the experimental studies, influence of catalyst and temperature on the corncob products was investigated. According to the experimental results; maximum bio-oil yield was obtained as 36.1% and 34.8% with or without catalyst at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C, respectively. The use of catalyst showed its cracking effect at higher temperatures and the gas yield increased above pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C. Pyrolysis oils were examined by using elemental analysis and GC/MS. According to all results; the use of catalyst can be suggested in the pyrolysis to obtain both good quality fuels and valuable chemicals.
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Tyagi, Himanshu, Patrick E. Phelan et Ravi S. Prasher. « Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Using Solar Energy : Use of Nanoparticle-Laden Molten Salt as the Working Fluid ». Dans ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90039.

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Solar energy can potentially be used to convert biomass into more readily usable fuel. The use of solar energy in such a process improves the overall conversion efficiency of the system significantly by eliminating combustion of a portion of biomass needed to heat the rest of it to a temperature where pyrolysis occurs. The present study models the thermochemical conversion process during pyrolysis of biomass matter into product gases. Concentrated solar radiation is used as the source of heating of the biomass. The biomass is indirectly heated by a mixture of molten salts (Na2CO3 and K2CO3) and nanoparticles (copper), which acts as the absorbing medium and in turn heats the biomass matter (cellulose). A two-stage heat transfer and chemical reaction analysis is carried out in order to simulate the simplified operating conditions of a solar-powered gasifier. The temperature of the molten salt at the exit of the reactor is held fixed at 1000 K (727°C). The calculations are carried out at different values of solar concentration factor ranging from 10 to 60. The results show that the temperature of the molten salt mixture at the exit of the solar collector increases with an increase in the solar concentration factor. Moreover the temperature inside the biomass reactor is a function of the concentration factor as well and largely the determining factor of the rate of biomass conversion into product gases. At the highest concentration factor (Cf = 60), the model predicts that the reactor is able to convert 1.1 tons of biomass into product gases each hour using 900 kW of solar radiation at an overall efficiency of 8%. The main finding of this study is that under similar operating conditions a solar collector using a direct absorption fluid (mixture of nanoparticles and molten salt) would require significantly less concentration factor (an order of magnitude reduction) than a conventional solar collector. A conventional solar collector is defined as one where the solar radiation heats up a solid surface (such as tube walls) which in turn heats up the working fluid (molten salt). Such a reduction in concentration factor would translate into lower concentrator area, and consequently lower initial capital cost.
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Chao, Christopher Y. H., Philip C. W. Kwong et J. H. Wang. « Co-Combustion of Coal With Rice Husk and Bamboo in Power Generation ». Dans ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36159.

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In many Asian countries Coal is frequently used a major fuel in power plants. Burning coal creates quite a lot of environmental problems when compared to other cleaner fuels such as natural gas. Experimental study of co-combustion of coal and biomass was conducted in a laboratory scale combustion facility to evaluate the combustion and pollutant emission performance under different operation parameters. Rice husk and bamboo were used as the biomass fuels in this study. This paper reported the influence of the biomass blending ratio in the fuel mixture and the excess air ratio on the combustion behavior. It was noted that the combustion temperature and the energy output from the co-firing process were reduced compared to coal combustion alone owing to the fact that biomass has lower heating value compared to coal. However, the high volatile matter (VM) content of biomass improved the combustion time scale so that the carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were reduced substantially. In addition, the fuel nitrogen and sulfur content in biomass were lower than that of coal and hence suppressed the formation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) during the cocombustion process. The increase of excess air ratio also affected most of the pollutant emissions. The pollutant emission per unit energy output at different excess air ratios and biomass blending ratios were studied in detail in this paper. Attention should be paid to the high potential of slagging and fouling in the boiler when co-firing coal with biomass.
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Dean, Jered, Robert Braun, Michael Penev, Christopher Kinchin et David Mun˜oz. « Leveling Intermittent Renewable Energy Production Through Biomass Gasification-Based Hybrid Systems ». Dans ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90067.

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The increased use of intermittent renewable power in the United States is forcing utilities to manage increasingly complex supply and demand interactions. This paper evaluates biomass pathways for hydrogen production and how they can be integrated with renewable resources to improve the efficiency, reliability, dispatchability, and cost of other renewable technologies. Two hybrid concepts were analyzed that involve co-production of gaseous hydrogen and electric power from thermochemical biorefineries. Both of the concepts analyzed share the basic idea of combining intermittent wind-generated electricity with a biomass gasification plant. The systems were studied in detail for process feasibility and economic performance. The best performing system was estimated to produce hydrogen at a cost of $1.67/kg. The proposed hybrid systems seek to either fill energy shortfalls by supplying hydrogen to a peaking natural gas turbine or to absorb excess renewable power during low-demand hours. Direct leveling of intermittent renewable electricity production is accomplished with either an indirectly heated biomass gasifier, or a directly heated biomass gasifier. The indirect gasification concepts studied were found to be cost competitive in cases where value is placed on controlling carbon emissions. A carbon tax in the range of $26–40 per metric ton of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emission makes the systems studied cost competitive with steam methane reforming (SMR) to produce hydrogen. However, some additional value must be placed on energy peaking or sinking for these plants to be economically viable. The direct gasification concept studied replaces the air separation unit (ASU) with an electrolyzer bank and is unlikely to be cost competitive in the near future. High electrolyzer costs and wind power requirements make the hybridization difficult to justify economically without downsizing the system. Based on a direct replacement of the ASU with electrolyzers, hydrogen can be produced for $0.27 premium per kilogram. Additionally, if a non-renewable, grid-mix electricity is used, the hybrid system is found to be a net CO2e emitter.
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Xu, Guang, Wei Zhou et Larry Swanson. « Fuel Flexible Biomass Reburn Technology ». Dans ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88058.

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Biomass reburn is a low NOx alternative to cofiring that effectively uses the high volatility and high char reactivity of biomass for NOx reduction. In this paper, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and thermal modeling, and a NOx prediction model were used to evaluate the impacts of sawdust/coal reburn on the performance of a 250 MW opposed-fired boiler burning bituminous coal as the primary fuel. The results showed that the reburn system maintained overall boiler performance with a 50 – 70 °F reduction in the furnace exit gas temperature. Predicted losses in thermal efficiency were caused by the lower biomass fuel heating value (similar to biomass cofiring) and increase in unburned carbon. The higher unburned carbon emissions were attributed to an order of magnitude larger biomass mean particle size relative to bituminous coal. Thus, LOI emissions can be improved significantly by reducing the biomass mean particle size. The NOx predictions showed that for reburn rates above about 19%, adding dry sawdust biomass to a coal reburn system can improve NOx reduction; i.e., using pure dry sawdust as reburn fuel at 30% of the total heat input can lead to NOx levels about 30% less than those for pure coal reburn under for similar firing conditions.
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Go´mez, Rafael, Lesme Corredor, Adrian A´vila, Jorge Mendoza et Antonio Bula. « Analysis and Energy Optimization for Biomethanol Production Using Palm Oil Biomass Residues ». Dans ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54663.

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Palm oil extraction generates a great amount of biomass residues; i.e. kernel pieces, fiber and fruit bunches. The last is the major quantity, but it has limited usage as an energetic source due to physical-chemical characteristics and high humidity. Biodiesel production requires methanol, which is mainly produced form natural gas in very large industrial plants, oscillating between 700×103 to 1400 x103 tons per year. This paper presents an economical and technical analysis for production of biometanol from oil palm biomass residues, considering the requirements for the year 2019 in Colombia, which are expected to be 92.5 x103 tons. Different technological approximations are considered and the different parts for the selected process are dimensioned, due to the small size of the plant required. The process simulation is carried out using ASPENPLUS™, giving a global efficiency around 48%, and a yield of 43% for the biomass used. The production simulation allows comparing with the international price for methanol, and the cutting point is U$ 152/Ton. This value is compared with the international price of crude oil and it was found that it is only superior when the oil price is under U$ 20. Due to the tendency for oil prices to increase, it is feasible, at least form the economical point of view, to develop a small scale biometanol plant.
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Russell, James A., et Wally H. Peters. « A Material and Energy Flow Analysis of South Carolina : Past, Present, and Future ». Dans ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36180.

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Material and energy flows and land use in North America have shifted dramatically in the last several decades and even more dramatically over the last few centuries. As concerns mount regarding the environmental, economic, and social costs of imported energy sources; feasibility studies of energy independence are one tool for guiding energy policy decisions. This paper reviews the changes in land use, material flows, and energy flows in South Carolina over the past 400 years; showing the shift from a near hunter gatherer society, to an export based agrarian society, to the current fossil fuel dependent society. These phases and their impacts are compared and an analysis is carried out to determine the feasibility of maintaining the current system without the input of materials or energy from outside the geographic borders of the state. Historical data is combined with geospatial data sets to determine levels and limits of energy use and availability. Results include an assessment of the feasibility of using biomass, solar thermal, and solar photovoltaic technologies to maintain the current levels of consumption.
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Morehouse, Jeffrey H., et Kenneth W. Detwiler. « Assessment of a Biomass Gasification Co-Generation Plant Based on the UCS’s “Principles for Bioenergy Development” ». Dans ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54262.

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An assessment of the University of South Carolina’s (USC) biomass gasification plant, which produces steam and electricity, is made using the five “Guiding Principles” found in the April 2007 update of the Union of Concerned Scientists’ (UCS) Principles for Bioenergy Development document [1]. The UCS’s guiding principles are to... “help guide bioenergy development in a manner that maximizes opportunities and helps address the challenges associated with this renewable resource.” The USC biomass plant is the first commercial biomass gasification plant producing steam and electricity in the USA. It uses bark chips from the pulp wood industry as its fuel source. Gasification of the bark produces syngas which is then oxidized and used as the heat source to generate 60,000 lb/hour (maximum) of steam at 600 psig and 740 F. The steam first passes through a turbine-generator producing 1.5 MW (maximum) of electricity and then is circulated via the campus system at 115 psig and 325 F for heating and hot water use. The plant’s construction, operational conditions, and environmental and economic impacts are examined versus the five UCS guiding principles.
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Gallaspy, David T., et Rodney E. Sears. « Application of Regional Bio-Refining to Increase the Sustainability and Energy Self-Sufficiency of Rural and Agricultural Communities ». Dans ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90415.

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The economics and potential offsets of imported energy are analyzed. Benefits to the carbon footprint of the region are estimated. A commercial structure for the operation of such a co-operative bio-refinery is proposed. Rural and agricultural regions typically have ample production of biomass in various forms, including wood from forestry, agricultural wastes and range grasses. Certain regions also have renewable energy resources such as wind power, solar insolation and hydraulic power. Rural regions are typically seen to have a potential for renewable energy that greatly exceeds energy consumption due to human activity in the region. However, energy consumption in such areas is highly biased toward non-renewable sources, just as in more urbanized regions. This is due to the standardization of virtually all manufactured energy conversion equipment to use available processed energy sources such as electricity and natural gas and refined fuels such as diesel and gasoline. In addition, agricultural activities are highly dependent on energy-intensive petrochemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides. Energy sustainability and self-sufficiency can therefore be increased by conversion of local renewable resources into appropriate form values for existing energy conversion equipment. Solar power, wind power and hydropower are fully commercial, although more economic in some regions than in others. The production of electricity from biomass fuels via conventional steam cycles is well established, if challenging from an economic standpoint. However, conversion of biomass and other renewable resources into fuels that can be used in standard equipment, and chemicals and fertilizers for local agricultural production is both technically and economically challenging. The authors evaluate the potential for a typical rural region to offset imports of conventional non-renewable energy such as electricity, engine fuels, and fertilizers via the establishment of a regional bio-refinery financed and operated as a local co-operative. The renewable resources of the typical rural region are assumed to facilitate the analysis. The appropriate technologies, scope, product slate, production rates, capital costs and operating costs for the bio-refinery are defined.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Sustainability of the biomass use"

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Eng, Alison Goss. 2011 Biomass Program Platform Peer Review. Sustainability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), février 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219516.

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Himmel, M., T. Vinzant, S. Bower et J. Jechura. BSCL use plan : Solving biomass recalcitrance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216367.

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Himmel, M., T. Vinzant, S. Bower et J. Jechura. BSCL Use Plan : Solving Biomass Recalcitrance. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), août 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15020045.

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Miles, T. R. Sr, et T. R. Jr Miles. Environmental implications of increased biomass energy use. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mars 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5598924.

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Edmonds, J. A., M. A. Wise, R. D. Sands, R. A. Brown et H. Kheshgi. Agriculture, land use, and commercial biomass energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), juin 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/245553.

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Sweeten, John, Kalyan Annamalai, Brent Auvermann, Saqib Mukhtar, Sergio C. Capareda, Cady Engler, Wyatte Harman et al. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING BIOMASS FROM DAIRY AND BEEF ANIMAL PRODUCTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039337.

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Kalyan Annamalai,, John M. Sweeten,, Brent W. Auvermann,, Saqib Mukhtar,, Sergio Caperada, Cady R. Engler,, Wyatte Harman, Reddy JN et Robert Deotte. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING BIOMASS FROM DAIRY AND BEEF ANIMAL PRODUCTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039414.

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John M. Sweeten,, Kalyan Annamalai, Brent Auvermann, Saqib Mukhtar, Sergio C. Capareda, Cady Engler, Wyatte Harman et al. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING BIOMASS FROM DAIRY AND BEEF ANIMAL PRODUCTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039415.

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Sweeten, John M., Kalyan Annamalai, Brent Auvermann, Saqib Mukhtar, Sergio C. Capareda, Cady Engler, Wyatte Harman et al. RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY USING BIOMASS FROM DAIRY AND BEEF ANIMAL PRODUCTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), mai 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039417.

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Nilsson Lewis, Astrid, Tina Sendlhofer, Elena Dawkins, Ebba Engström, Åsa Moberg et Fedra Vanhuyse. Case study : Urban Deli’s digital tool use and sustainability vision. Stockholm Environment Institute, février 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2023.006.

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Résumé :
We present a comprehensive qualitative case study conducted at Urban Deli, a Swedish food retailer with a strong sustainability vision, through which we investigate the relevance of digital tools in supporting the retailer with necessary information to become more sustainable in their processes.
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