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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Surplus wealth »

Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

Kato, Takeshi, et Yoshinori Hiroi. « Wealth disparities and economic flow : Assessment using an asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy ». PLOS ONE 16, n^o 11 (4 novembre 2021) : e0259323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259323.

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How can we limit wealth disparities while stimulating economic flows in sustainable societies? To examine the link between these concepts, we propose an econophysics asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy. The wealthy are one of the two exchange agents and have more assets than the poor. Our simulation model converts the surplus contribution rate of the wealthy to a new variable parameter alongside the saving rate and introduces the total exchange (flow) and rank correlation coefficient (metabolism) as new evaluation indexes, adding to the Gini index (disparities), thereby assessing both wealth distribution and the relationships among the disparities, flow, and metabolism. We show that these result in a gamma-like wealth distribution, and our model reveals a trade-off between limiting disparities and vitalizing the market. To limit disparities and increase flow and metabolism, we also find the need to restrain savings and use the wealthy surplus stock. This relationship is explicitly expressed in the new equation introduced herein. The insights gained by uncovering the root of disparities may present a persuasive case for investments in social security measures or social businesses involving stock redistribution or sharing.

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Astuti, Hikmah Fuji, et Erinos NR. « Pengaruh Intergovernmental Revenue, Kekayaan Daerah dan Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran terhadap Belanja Modal (Studi Empiris pada Kabupaten/Kota di Sumatra Barat) ». JURNAL EKSPLORASI AKUNTANSI 3, n^o 3 (9 octobre 2021) : 624–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jea.v3i3.383.

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This study aims to examine the effect of intergovernmental revenue, regional wealht and financing surplus budget of capital expenditure. Population in this study were districts/cities in West Sumatera Province in 2015-2019. The analytical tool used in this study Is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that intergovernmental revenue and regional wealth has positive significant influence of capital expenditure. Financing surplus budget doesn’t significant influence of capital expenditure.

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MANNINO, MICHAEL V., et ELIZABETH S. COOPERMAN. « Surplus deferred pension compensation for long-term K-12 employees : an empirical analysis for the Denver Public School Retirement System and four state plans ». Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 10, n^o 3 (22 novembre 2010) : 457–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747210000387.

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AbstractThis study uses a unique data set of retiree characteristics and salary histories for administrators, teachers, and non-professional employees of the Denver Public School Retirement System (DPSRS) to analyze surplus deferred compensation for DPSRS and four state K-12 defined benefit pension plans. We find sizable levels of surplus deferred compensation for each plan, with significant differences across plans, job classes, and age groups. Across plans, differences in cost of living allowances impact the expected present value of retirement benefits more than benefit table differences when controlling for each respective factor. Somewhat surprisingly, the plans in our study with the largest present value of future benefits had lower employee contribution rates. Pension wealth for reduced benefits showed larger wealth accrual at younger ages than full, unreduced benefits, and younger cohorts starting work at an earlier age received significantly higher surplus deferred compensation.

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Kincaid, Jim. « Marx after Minsky : Capital Surplus and the Current Crisis ». Historical Materialism 24, n^o 3 (27 septembre 2016) : 105–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341455.

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Minsky’s theory of financial instability helps clarify how Marxist theory can explain the highly financialised capitalism of today, and the crisis which started in 2008. The advanced economies currently have high realised profits in the productive sector and lagging rates of investment. Shareholder pressures encourage corporate strategies which focus on stock-market ratings and M&A operations, less on productive investment. Tax evasion and the build-up of reserve cash piles by corporations have contributed to a global surplus of what Marx calledloanable capital. This surplus has been augmented by the increasing inequality of personal wealth ownership and, in the international economy by, large current-account surpluses. The results include: huge profits for the financial system; low interest rates; recurrent boom and bust in asset markets; the fuelling of huge increases in household and government debt; and the combination of instability and stagnation which results from an excess supply of loanable capital.

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Senner, Richard, et Didier Sornette. « Explaining global imbalances : the role of central-bank intervention and the rise of sovereign wealth funds ». Review of Keynesian Economics 9, n^o 1 (19 janvier 2021) : 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/roke.2021.01.04.

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Neoclassical economic theory views current-account imbalances as the result of (individual) decisions to save more than to invest domestically. Monetary analysis in the Keynesian tradition rejects such approaches and emphasizes that a country's net savings are the result, not the cause, of net selling of goods and services to foreigners. The latter, in turn, depends on global demand patterns and absolute advantages between countries. We complement this Keynesian approach, taking a closer look at the financial account of the balance of payments: a necessary condition for countries to net-sell goods and services to foreigners is the willingness of domestic sector(s) to accumulate net foreign assets. While previous analysis of global imbalances has partially discussed the role of central banks' reserve accumulation it has failed to incorporate the macroeconomic role of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). We analyse eight surplus countries' external positions and find that the public sector typically purchases and manages significant amounts of foreign assets via both central banks and SWFs. This, in turn, supports current-account surpluses. We then consider the particular case of Switzerland where, contrary to other surplus countries, public-sector purchases of foreign assets had been absent for a long time, yet set in massively after 2008.

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Dmitrieva, O. « Deformation of Fiscal Policy and Debt Management as a Result of the Stabilization Fund Forming ». Voprosy Ekonomiki, n^o 3 (20 mars 2013) : 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2013-3-20-32.

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The article shows the systematic mistake in the form of underestimation of project budget revenues. It is accompanied by the artificial increase in budget deficit which causes excessive borrowings and debt growth while in fact budget surplus takes place. It is proved that state borrowing and saving of assets in the sovereign funds (Reserve Fund and National Wealth Fund) lead to a combination of negative effects related to both deficit and surplus budgets: artificial slowdown of economic growth and increase in expenses for debt service.

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Kato, Takeshi. « Wealth Redistribution and Mutual Aid : Comparison Using Equivalent/Non-Equivalent Exchange Models of Econophysics ». Entropy 25, n^o 2 (24 janvier 2023) : 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25020224.

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Given wealth inequality worldwide, there is an urgent need to identify the mode of wealth exchange through which it arises. To address the research gap regarding models that combine equivalent exchange and redistribution, this study compares an equivalent market exchange with redistribution based on power centers and a non-equivalent exchange with mutual aid using the Polanyi, Graeber, and Karatani modes of exchange. Two new exchange models based on multi-agent interactions are reconstructed following an econophysics-based approach for evaluating the Gini index (inequality) and total exchange (economic flow). Exchange simulations indicate that the evaluation parameter of the total exchange divided by the Gini index can be expressed by the same saturated curvilinear approximate equation using the wealth transfer rate and time period of redistribution, the surplus contribution rate of the wealthy, and the saving rate. However, considering the coercion of taxes and its associated costs and independence based on the morality of mutual aid, a non-equivalent exchange without return obligation is preferred. This is oriented toward Graeber's baseline communism and Karatani's mode of exchange D, with implications for alternatives to the capitalist economy.

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Evans, John H., R. Lynn Hannan, Ranjani Krishnan et Donald V. Moser. « Honesty in Managerial Reporting ». Accounting Review 76, n^o 4 (1 octobre 2001) : 537–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2001.76.4.537.

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This study reports the results of three experiments that examine how preferences for wealth and honesty affect managerial reporting. We find that subjects often sacrifice wealth to make honest or partially honest reports, and they generally do not lie more as the payoff to lying increases. We also find less honesty under a contract that provides a smaller share of the total surplus to the manager than under one that provides a larger share, suggesting that the extent of honesty may depend on how the surplus is divided between the manager and the firm. The optimal agency contract yields more firm profit than a contract that relies exclusively on honest reporting. However, a modified version of the optimal agency contract, which makes use of subjects' preferences for honest reporting, yields the highest firm profit. These results suggest that firms may be able to design more profitable employment contracts than those identified by conventional economic analysis.

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Chaput, Catherine. « Trumponomics, Neoliberal Branding, and the Rhetorical Circulation of Affect ». Journal for the History of Rhetoric 21, n^o 2 (mai 2018) : 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.21.2.0194.

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ABSTRACT This article studies Trumponomics as a brand that derives its economic and political purchase from the patterns of affective circulation opened up by the contemporary political economy. Because neoliberalism enables branding to both extract surplus wealth and appropriate surplus affect directly from consumers, it changes the rhetorical terrain. In this new landscape, Trump’s incoherent economic policies fade into the background as the production of his economic brand occupies the foreground. My argument theorizes affect within the labor theory of value, analyzes the Trump brand within that framework, and explores the implications of including affective value within the rhetorical toolbox.

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Angle, John. « The Surplus Theory of Social Stratification and the Size Distribution of Personal Wealth ». Social Forces 65, n^o 2 (décembre 1986) : 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578675.

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Thèses sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

DI, NOIA JLENIA. « Potere di Mercato, Innovazione e Finanziarizzazione ». Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/108954.

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Questa tesi studia le cause e le implicazioni di due fenomeni in particolare: la finanziarizzazione e la digitalizzazione. Nello specifico, il primo capitolo contiene un'analisi empirica sulle determinanti del Surplus Wealth delle società (una misura del potere di mercato) e dell’impatto degli investimenti finanziari sugli investimenti in capitale. Complessivamente, i risultati supportano l'evidenza sulla shareholders' value orientation; in media, i profitti finanziari sembrano favorire sia gli investimenti in capitale fisico che intangibile, mentre emerge un effetto trade-off tra questi ultimi e gli investimenti finanziari (non per i monopolisti operanti nel settore IT). Nel secondo capitolo viene sviluppato un modello teorico ad agenti eterogenei che combina la crescita endogena (modello K+S) alle frizioni finanziarie (modello CATS) ed introduce un mercato obbligazionario dove le imprese possono emettere/acquistare obbligazioni societarie. L'innovazione avviene per mezzo del capitale intangibile IT, le cui proprietà intrinseche legate all’intelligenza artificiale favoriscono l'accumulazione di liquidità, accentuata poi dai profitti finanziari. Da una prospettiva macroeconomica, le simulazioni suggeriscono che gli investimenti in obbligazioni da parte delle imprese impattano negativamente sull'occupazione, frenando il progresso tecnologico e la crescita economica, salvo che la liquidità investita in bonds superi un certo valore-soglia (omogeneo tra le imprese), ma al costo di un maggior rischio di fallimento e di un incremento delle posizioni Ponzi.
The present thesis deals with two main phenomena: financialization and digitalization. The first chapter aims at empirically investigating the determinants of corporations' Surplus Wealth (a measure of market power) and the impact of financial investments on capital investment decisions. Overall, additional evidence on shareholders' value orientation is provided; on average, realized financial profits seem to be beneficial to both physical and intangible capital investment, whilst current financial investments appear to generate a trade-off effect (not for monopolists operating in the IT sector). The second chapter develops a theoretical agent-based model combining endogenous growth (K+S model) and financial frictions (CATS model) together with a market for corporate bonds where firms can both issue and purchase bonds. IT intangible capital is assumed to be the channel through which innovation propagates and its specific advertising properties stemming from artificial intelligence are able to foster liquidity accumulation, which is boosted when financial investments begin to play a role. Simulations suggest that, from a macroeconomic perspective, companies' purchase of corporate bonds is not beneficial to employment, technological progress and growth, except for the case where liquidity invested in bonds is beyond a common threshold across firms but at the cost of higher bankruptcy risk and Ponzi positions.

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Livres sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

Bensch, Hans-Georg. Vom Reichtum der Gesellschaften : Mehrprodukt und Reproduktion als Freiheit und Notwendigkeit in der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie. Lüneburg : D. zu Klampen, 1995.

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Kulesza, Henry. Hidden wealth : A layman's guide to finding, buying, and selling liquidated goods. Clearwater, Fla : Career Research Institute, 1993.

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State and wealth : The early states in northeast India. Guwahati : DVS Publishers, 2010.

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Kulesza, Henry. Hidden wealth : How to find, buy, sell, and broker surplus and liquidated goods. Clearwater, Fla : Career Research Institute, 1995.

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Kulesza, Henry. Hidden wealth : How to find, buy, sell, and broker surplus and liquidated goods. 2^e éd. Ashville, N.C : Career Research Institute, 1996.

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Public enterprise and income distribution. London : Routledge, 1988.

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Prior, Russell. Family Governance and Surplus Wealth. Globe Law and Business Limited, 2021.

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Kulesza, Henry. Hidden Wealth : How to Find, Buy, Sell & Broker Surplus & Liquidated Goods. 3^e éd. Career Research Institute, 1997.

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Kulesza, Henry. Hidden Wealth : How to Reap Big Profits From Surplus Goods and Equipment in the 21st Century. 4^e éd. CRICorp, 2000.

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Peters, Tony. Surplus Money : How to Get Out of Debt, Build Lasting Wealth and Leave a Legacy of Abundance. Independently Published, 2021.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

Bellanca, Nicolò, et Luca Pardi. « Il capitalismo manageriale e la nuova centralità del potere sociale ». Dans Studi e saggi, 69–91. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-195-2.08.

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Capitalism, in order to reproduce itself, must allocate more and more resources to the enhancement of the wealth already produced, rather than to increasing productive investments. The strategies for absorbing the surplus range from the reduction of supply to the creation of waste, from public spending to financialization. With the prevalence of these strategies, capitalism renounces to the maximum possible economic expansion in favour of its maximum expansion on society. It is a change that has consequences for environmental issues. The model of pure capitalism, in which the entire surplus is directed towards growth, is ecologically unsustainable. In today's historical capitalism, the goal of economic growth remains important, but it falls within that of increasing social power. Whether this is good or bad news for our biosphere will be discussed in other Chapters. Here we analyze the novelty.

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Hinton, Jennifer B. « A Not-For-Profit Economy for a Regenerative Sustainable World ». Dans Transformation Literacy, 187–201. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_13.

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AbstractThis chapter offers an overview and explanation of how society’s relationship-to-profit plays a significant role in determining social and ecological outcomes. The way in which societies relate to profit plays out in terms of both formal and informal institutions. One formal institution that is key for sustainability is relationship-to-profit, the legal difference between for-profitand not-for-profit forms of business. This chapter explains how relationship-to-profit, as a basic building block of the entire economy, plays a critical role in determining whether the economy drives sustainability crises or allows for meeting everyone’s needs within the ecological limits of the planet. This analysis reveals that the social and ecological crises of the twenty-first century have the same driver: the pursuit and accumulation of private wealth inherent in the for-profit economy. Yet, existent not-for-profit types of business offer a viable way out of this conundrum. In a market composed of not-for-profit businesses, all economic activity and profit would be oriented toward social benefit, keeping financial and material resources circulating to where they are most needed. The financial surplus of business activity would not accumulate in the hands of a few owners, as it does in the for-profit economy.

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« TAXATION ON WEALTH ». Dans Inequality and Global Supra-surplus Capitalism, 311–15. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813200838_0020.

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Reisman, David, et Arthur J. Penty. « The Destructive Consumption of Surplus Wealth ». Dans Democratic Socialism in Britain, 163–68. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003192145-22.

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« CHAPTER 5. Division of Human Capital creates Surplus Wealth ». Dans The Mystery of Wealth, 56–67. Sciendo, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9788395771361-005.

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Bilić, Paško, Toni Prug et Mislav Žitko. « Conclusion : Contradictions and Alternatives to Data Commodification ». Dans The Political Economy of Digital Monopolies, 157–76. Policy Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529212372.003.0007.

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In Chapter 7 the authors discuss alternatives for controlling monopolies, imagining alternative technological forms, recognising public wealth and value and the role of data for democratic development. While acknowledging current initiatives for curbing corporate power through digital taxation policies, they also outline the long-term limits of such thinking, primarily because it does not challenge the surplus value extraction model held together by the capture of public wealth and legal forms aiding commodification and capital reproduction. Instead, they argue that what is needed is a broader notion of surplus, stretching beyond surplus value, covering other social forms of production, along with redistribution of outputs for various democratic purposes, as well as public attentiveness to technological forms conducive to democratic aims and outcomes.

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Graulau, Jeannette. « Capitalist Mining in West European Development ». Dans The Underground Wealth of Nations, 207–28. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300218220.003.0006.

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This chapter explains how Marxist scholars assert that mining was pre-capitalist before the sixteenth century. They write liberally about what they call the feudal utility of silver mining. The essence of this idea is that mines were fiefs, exploited by independent miners and serfs who paid rent in money, ores, or kind. This circumstance, the argument goes, was possible because feudal lords held legal claims over the mines and thus had the capacity to coercively extract surplus. The chapter also demonstrates that the Marxists' interpretation of mining implies that it was ahead of its feudal times. Feudal lords painfully learned the most enduring lesson of the moment, that a legal title to ore-yielding land made no mine. The industry organized productive capital in a dynamic, hierarchical structure rooted in private entrepreneurs' investments in mining claims. It was no peaceful development; after all, European mining regions were not immune to their times.

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Schimmelpfennig, Jörg. « Welfare Economic Principles of (Urban) Rail Network Pricing ». Dans Wealth Creation and Poverty Reduction, 387–97. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1207-4.ch023.

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The purpose of this chapter is to rectify the at best unprofessional intermingling of objectives and constraints and present a proper theory of first-best and second-best pricing in urban rail networks. First, in view of the flaws of both Dupuit's – though nevertheless ingenious idea of – consumer surplus as well its cannibalized version found in most of today's economics textbooks, a proper definition of economic welfare resting on Hicks'sian variations instead is provided. It is used to derive efficient pricing rules that are subsequently applied to specific questions arising from running an urban railway network such as overcrowding, short-run versus long-run capacity or competing modes of transport like the private motor car. At the same time, another look is taken at economic costs, and in particular economic marginal costs, differing from commercial or accounting costs. Among other things, it is shown that even with commercial marginal costs being constant first-best pricing might not necessarily be incompatible with a zero-profit budget.

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Berry, Christopher J. « 6. Trading and spending ». Dans Adam Smith : A Very Short Introduction, 79–99. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198784456.003.0006.

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In Book IV of the Wealth of Nations, Smith identifies two faulty alternatives to his own explanation of the wealth of nations: the French Physiocrats, who argued that land is the sole source of wealth and revenue, and the mercantile system that aimed to achieve a favourable balance of trade by encouraging a surplus of exports over imports. ‘Trading and spending’ outlines the core of Smith’s system: free trade underlined by the principle of natural liberty. Smith believed that government in a commercial society has three duties: protection from external foes, maintenance of public works, and an ‘exact administration of justice’. How public expenses can be met through taxation and through borrowing is also explained.

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Rodrigues da Silva, Renato. « Circulation ». Dans The Anglo-Saxon Elite. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721134_ch03.

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This chapter analyses the logic and dynamics of the circulation of wealth (both movable and immovable) in Northumbria. Its main contention is that wealth circulation is an element that organizes the ruling class as it redistributes the access to the labour of the peasantry among them. The first part of the chapter will analyse how monasteries might have been founded as a strategy to grant autonomy to particular factions of the aristocracy. The second part will analyse how coinage could also represent both the display of power and the ability to extract surplus from the peasantry, highlighting the connection between land donation to the Church and the submission of the peasantry.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

MONTESI, Cristina. « DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH AND HUMAN HAPPINESS : THE LEGACY OF WILLIAM THOMPSON ». Dans Proceedings of The Third International Scientific Conference “Happiness and Contemporary Society”. SPOLOM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2022.30.

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The paper analyzes the figure of William Thompson (1785-1833), a very versatile intellectual. Thompson was in fact a philosopher, a social scientist, a social reformer, a defender of women’s rights, but, above all, a moral and radical economist precursor of Marx’s theory of surplus value. This forerunner intuition of some basic assumptions of marxist theory of value should not allow Thompson to be counted among Ricardian Socialists, the group to which he has erroneously led back by many scholars of economic doctrines. Thompson’s main research topic can be deduced from the title of his most important scientific work: “An Inquiry into The Principles of Distribution of Wealth most conducive to Human Happiness”. The paper shows that the search for the natural laws of distribution of wealth which can ensure the achievement of the greatest quantity of human happiness at his time, led Thompson to an original combination of Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, Robert Owen’s socialism, Adam Smith’s theory of value (not David Ricardo’s theory of value). This syncretism forced Thompson to take distance from Bentham on various topics (the concept of happiness like well-being not pleausure and like a relational good; the non-subordination of equality principle to safety principle); compelled Thompson to differentiate from Owen’s mutual co-operation in a more democratic, feminist and reformist direction; obliged Thompson to embrace a noninstrumental theory of value. At microeconomic level Thompson’s legacy can be found in the anticipation, inside his mutual co-operation social system, of Rochdale principles, which would later have been be the guiding principles of co-operative enterprises, integrated with the principle of public happiness, a Civil Economy notion. Key words: Ricardian Socialists, Smithianian Socialists, Cooperative Socialists, Benthamian Utilitarianism, Public Happiness

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Surplus wealth"

Devereux, Stephen, Gareth Haysom, Renato Maluf et Patta Scott-Villiers. Challenging the Normalisation of Hunger in Highly Unequal Societies. Institute of Development Studies, décembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.086.

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This paper starts from an empirical observation that levels of hunger or food insecurity in middle-income and high-income countries are often higher than might be expected, and in some cases are rising rather than falling in recent years. We document levels and trends in selected food security indicators for three case study countries: Brazil, South Africa, and the United Kingdom. We argue that, given the availability of resources and state capacity to eradicate hunger in these countries, a process of ‘normalisation’ has occurred, meaning that governments and societies tolerate the persistence of hunger, even when a constitutional and/or legal right to food exists that should make hunger socially, politically, and legally unacceptable. We further argue that one driver of normalisation is the way food (in)security is measured; for instance, the assumption that structural hunger cannot exist in countries that are self-sufficient or surplus producers of food. We suggest that high levels of structural hunger are predictable outcomes in societies characterised by high levels of income and wealth inequality.

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