Thèses sur le sujet « Surface analisy »
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Beumier, Charles. « Authentification d'identité par analyse tridimensionnelle du visage ». Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000620.
Texte intégralBearzi, Yohann. « Analyse locale de surface avec la base des Wavejets : définition de nouveaux invariants intégraux et application à l'amplification de détails géométriques ». Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1240.
Texte intégralSurface analysis is a challenging research topic, which has gathered a lot of interest over the last few decades. When surface data is given as a set of points, which are the typical output of 3D laser scanners, the lack of structure makes it even more challenging. In this thesis, we tackle surface analysis by introducing a new function basis: the Wavejets. This basis allows to decompose locally the surface into a radial polynomial component and an angular frequency component. Stability properties with regards to a bad normal direction are demonstrated. By linking Wavejets coefficients to a high order differential tensor, we also define high order principal directions on the surface. Furthermore, locally splitting surfaces with respect to frequencies leads us to define new integral invariants, permitting to locally describe the surface. Such descriptors are quite robust since they result from an integration process. Finally, we develop an application of these new integral invariants for geometric detail amplification, either based on point position or on normal direction modification, creating in this case the illusion of a surface change
Bouyssel, François. « Analyse variationnelle des paramètres de surface ». Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30074.
Texte intégralKhawaja, Zahra. « Analyse des états de surface en science des matériaux : caractérisation multi-échelles par ondelette et détermination de l'anisotropie des surfaces ». Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2139/document.
Texte intégralMonitoring and control of the state of the surfaces is a major need for industry. Numerous studies on the interactions between the surface morphology and the physical, chemical or mechanical mechanisms have been conducted. However, a more precise characterization related to industrial domains and needs is necessary. It consists in finding the most relevant roughness parameters that connect the topography of a surface with the physical phenomena which it undergoes or in the properties of the material of which it consisted.In this work, a software designed to characterize the surface condition was developed. This tool named "MesRug" allows to calculate roughness parameters then extract the most relevant ones and to define the most appropriate scale for a given application. The search for the most relevant parameters is done by a statistical approach (analysis of variance ANOVA combined with the theory of Bootstrap).A characterization was performed using (2D) data of measurement on abrasive surfaces. The influence of the form of discrete and continuous wavelet on the detection on the relevant scale mechanism of the abrasion was tested. We conclude that the wavelet decomposition allows to quantify and localize the scales of abrasion of the machining process for all process parameters. However, the relevance of appropriate scales to characterize abrasion does not depend on the shape of the wavelet.In this work, a new 3D roughness parameter is proposed to quantify the smoothness of a surface, independently of the amplitude and the scanning length units of the surface. The efficiency of this parameter is tested on noisy periodic surfaces with varying degrees of anisotropy. The value of this parameter is between zero (perfect sound) and 100 % (sine perfect surface). It enables us to identify the anisotropy directions of regularity for a given surface
Comard, Marie-Pierre. « Caractérisation de surfaces solides hétérogènes : étude du couplage de la chromatographie gazeuse inverse à dilution infinie avec la modification de surface par imprégnation contrôlée par des macromolécules ». Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL586N.
Texte intégralBen, Mansour Fathi. « Etude des phénomènes de surface et d'interface au cours de la croissance de couches minces de métaux nobles (Au, Ag, Cu) sur des surfaces réelles (100) de silicium et de germanium ». Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20130.
Texte intégralWieland, Sandra. « Modellierung und mathematische Analyse kontaminierter dünner Flüssigkeitsfilme ». Bonn : Mathematisches Institut der Universität, 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/62768196.html.
Texte intégralFIGUEIREDO, SAVIO WESLLEY OLIVEIRA. « STRAIN SENSITIVITY ANALISYS OF A SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE RESONATOR DEVICE ». PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33356@1.
Texte intégralCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Os sensores de deformação convencionais, por exemplo, os strain gages resistivos e ópticos, consagrados pelo mercado, são empregados em diferentes ambientes e estruturas, oferecendo um nível de flexibilidade que permite sua integração a vários tipos de sistemas de medição. No entanto, requerem uma fonte de energia elétrica local ou não podem funcionar sem cabos, limitando o seu uso em alguns cenários, como em partes móveis de máquinas. Os dispositivos SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) podem ser usados como sensores de deformação piezoelétricos, pois possuem sensibilidade à deformação e podem operar de forma passiva por meio de antenas, podendo ser integrados a sistemas de monitoramento sem fio. Seu funcionamento é baseado em ondas de superfície geradas em um meio piezoelétrico. O estado de tensão na superfície do meio altera as características dessas ondas e induz mudanças na frequência de operação. O presente trabalho analisou a sensibilidade à deformação de dispositivos SAW ressonadores feitos de quartzo ST-X com frequência central de 433,92 MHz colados com diferentes adesivos, e testou sua operação como sensores passivos sem fio. A metodologia incluiu testes de tração não destrutivos em diferentes temperaturas e também simulações com elementos finitos. Os resultados experimentais mostraram relação linear entre a variação de frequência dos ressonadores e as deformações aplicadas, concordando com a literatura. A interrogação sem fio foi bem sucedida, confirmando o grande potencial dessa tecnologia. Os resultados numéricos, combinados a um modelo teórico, foram próximos aos experimentais, validando o modelo numérico.
The conventional strain sensors, e.g., resistive and optical strain gages, established in the market, are deployed in different environments and structures, providing the flexibility of integration with different measurement systems. However, they require a local energy source to work or cables, limiting their use in some scenarios such as moving parts of machines. The SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) devices can be used as piezoelectric strain sensors since they have sensitivity to strain, can operate passively by antennas and can be integrated to wireless monitoring systems. Its working principle is based on surface acoustic waves generated on piezolectric medium. The stress state of the medium changes the characteristics of these waves and induces changes in the operating frequency. The present work analyzed the strain sensitivity of SAW resonators made of ST-X cut quartz operating at a central frequency of 433,92 MHz, bonded with different adhesives, and tested their operation as passive wirelesss sensors. The methodology included non-destructive tensile testing at different temperature, and also finite elements simulations. The experimental results showed linear relation between the frequency change and the applied strain, agreeing with the literature. The wireless interrogations was successful, confirming the great potential of this technology. The numerical results, combined to a theoretical model, matched well the experiments, validating the model.
Li, Wan-Chiu. « Conversion automatique de maillages en surfaces splines ». Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL078N/document.
Texte intégralAiming at converting a triangular mesh into a CAGD/CAM spline surface, this thesis focuses on one of the most crucial problems of the conversion process, i.e. extracting a “good” quadrilateral control mesh of the surface. What we mean by good is that the edges of the control mesh should be orthogonal and aligned with the principal directions of curvature of the surface. These two properties make the control mesh optimum in an approximation point of view, and greatly help to reduce unwanted oscillations on the final spline surface built from it. To solve this problem, we propose a new automatic algorithm, called periodic global parameterization. The basic idea is to find a “geometry-meaningful” parameterization guided by a pair of orthogonal anisotropic direction fields. Then, the iso-value lines of this parameterization will be extracted to define an initial control mesh, that satisfies the two criteria of a good control mesh. With the initial control mesh, we explain how to construct a T-spline approximation of the initial triangulated surface. We show several examples of the triangular mesh to T-spline conversion. The results show that thanks to the anisotropic control meshes, the final spline surfaces generated have much less oscillations as compared to results of previous methods, that do not take into account of the anisotropy
Soysouvanh, Davy. « Mesure optique de la topographie des papiers ». Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0081.
Texte intégralSeveral stages in the manufacturing process of paper aim to improve the surface quality. The reason is that several important properties of paper, such as the brightness or the friction, enormously depend on the surface, just as the quality of the printing. The traditional methods to characterize pa pers are based on flows of air on their surface. However, those appear to be too much limited and do not allow to access the topography. We evaluated severa 1 optical methods of measurement of microtopography and we adopted the full-field method of white light interferometry. While working on the optics and on the algorithms of measurement, we adapted the method to the very specifie case of rough and strongly diffusing surfaces. The instrument that has been developped is used today in several applications and on various materials met in the paper mi Il, where it allows simple measurements, precisely and very rapidly
Rucci, Marco. « Geometric Surface Processing and Virtual Modeling ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426305.
Texte intégralIn questa tesi sono trattati due argomenti principali "Geometric Surface Processing" e "Virtual Modeling". L'ispirazione e la coordinazione di gran parte del lavoro di ricerca contenuto nella tesi e' dovuta al progetto New Interactive and Innovative Technologies for CAD (NIIT4CAD), finanziato dall'European Eurostars Programme. NIIT4CAD ha l'ambizioso obiettivo di superare le limitazioni degli approcci tradizionali alla modellazione di superfici dei moderni sistemi di progettazione assistita al calcolatore, introducendo nuove metodologie e tecnologie basate su superfici di suddivisione in un nuovo framework virtuale di modellazione. Tali innovazioni permetteranno progettisti ed ingegneri a trasformare velocemente ed intuitivamente l'idea di una forma in un modello geometrico ad alta qualita' adatto per scopi ingegneristici e di produzione. Uno degli obiettivi della tesi e' proprio la ricostruzione e modellazione di superfici, rappresentanti oggetti a topologia arbitraria, partendo da curve 3D irregolari acquisite tramite un dispositivo smart-pen sviluppato ad-hoc. La tesi e' organizzata in due parti: "Geometric Surface Processing" e "Virtual Modeling". Durante lo sviluppo della pipeline geometrica del nostro sistema di modellazione virtuale, abbiamo affrontato diverse problematiche che hanno attratto il nostro interesse ed aperto nuove aree di ricerca e sperimentazione. Nella prima parte, presentiamo tali teorie ed alcune applicazioni nell'ambito di Geometric Surface Processing. Questo ci permette di formalizzare meglio e dare una visione piu' ampia ad alcune delle tecniche usate nelle ultime versioni del nostro sistema ricostruzione di superfici e modellazione virtuale. Il lavoro di ricerca per entrambi gli argomenti ha portato al raggiungimento di importanti risultati che sono stati pubblicati e presentati in articoli e conferenze di rilevanza internazionale.
Zigah, Kwami Dodzi. « Analyse de surfaces par imagerie électronique ». Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S048.
Texte intégralWith the progressive decrease in the size of electronic devices, scientists were obliged to develop tools capable of analyzing surface reactivity on microscopic level. This marked the birth of SECM (Scanning ElectroChemical Microscopy). This technique, derived from scan probe microscopy (STM, AFM) makes it possible the study a local area based on ultramicroelectrodes properties (UME). The UME and the surface to be analyzed are placed in an electrolyte solution containing a redox mediator. The SECM provides a real "brush" chemical that will probe the surface. The first part of this work focused on the study of conducting and insulating surfaces, composed of carbon and silicon respectively, which were functionalized by a stable redox molecule (ferrocene), at an oxidized and reduced state. We then studied more complex systems. We used the SECM method to fellow the biocatalytic formation on a conducting and an insulated surface. In the last part of this thesis, we studied the electrode/ionic liquid interfaces. Ionic liquids are salt liquids at room temperature, mostly used in chemistry as a substitute for conventional solvents. With a theoretical model, we used SECM in transient conditions, to determine the diffusion coefficients of organic molecules in this type of solvent
McGuirk, Garry. « Surface structures of In-Pd alloys and intermetallic compounds ». Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0196/document.
Texte intégralThis study is part of an European research program that aims to the rational development of new catalytic materials with high activity and selectivity towards the steam reforming of methanol. The socio-economic impact of this reaction is considered very important because methanol is a major vector for the production of hydrogen energy in fuel cells via the reaction CH3OH + H2O → CO2 + 3H2. The main goal of this thesis is the determination of the geometric/crystallographic and electronic structures of the surfaces of alloys and intermetallic compounds in the In-Pd system, a promising new system for the development of the next generation of catalysts. This basic knowledge is essential to understand the chemical reactivity of these intermetallics and their specificity in catalysis
MANARA, ELIA. « Multiplicative representations of surface groups ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/199017.
Texte intégralA surface group is (isomorphic to) the fundamental group of a closed orientable surface of genus k greater or equal than 2. It is a small cancellation group (hence hyperbolic); its Cayley graph is isomorphic to a tiling of the hyperbolic plane by 2k-gons. One can define certain subsets of the Cayley graph called cones. The group acts on the set of cones with finitely many orbits, called cone types. A multiplicative representation of a surface group is a unitary representation defined on the Hilbert space of multiplicative functions. A multiplicative function on a surface group is a vector-valued function defined through the choice of a set of parameters, called matrix system. Two multiplicative functions are equivalent if they differ only on finitely many elements. An inner product can be defined for equivalence classes of multiplicative functions. We prove that at least for the case of a surface group of genus 2 and a choice of the matrices as non-negative scalars the inner product is not identically zero; thus, since it does not depend on the representatives for the multiplicative functions, it is well posed. This proof relies on the irreducibility of a certain matrix associated with the geometry of the Cayley graph; in particular, a certain Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue must be simple. A multiplicative representation then simply acts by left translation on the Hilbert space completion of the space of multiplicative functions with respect to the inner product above mentioned. The representation thus defined is tempered: we show that the matrix coefficients of the regular representation approximate those of the multiplicative representation. By the term boundary representation, we mean a representation of a certain crossed product C*-algebra, obtained by the action of the surface group on the C*-algebra of continuous functions on its boundary – which is homeomorphic to the unit circle. Such a boundary representation is given by a unitary representation of the group and a representation of the C*-algebra satisfying a covariance condition. We define a family of subspaces (indexed by a real quantity) of a space of vector-valued square integrable functions on the group and we act on these subspaces by left translation with the group and by multiplication with continuous functions on the compactification of the surface group (the group united with its boundary). Thus, we get some representations of the group and the algebra satisfying covariance and we show that the family has a limit for a subsequence of the indexes tending to zero. We then show that the action of the C*-algebra involves only the values of the functions on the boundary. Hence, we get a boundary representation. We show, moreover, that the limit thus obtained does not depend on the subsequence tending to zero. Hence, we get a well-defined representation of the crossed product C*-algebra. We show that the unitary part of this boundary representation is equivalent to the multiplicative representation: in fact, their functions of positive type coincide. Finally, we show that the boundary representation is irreducible. This result is achieved by exploiting the uniqueness (up to scaling) of the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue obtained in the proof of the well-posedness of the inner product: in fact, we show that any projection intertwining both the group representation and the algebra representation allows to define an eigenvector of the same matrix corresponding to the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue. Thus, after some calculations, we get that the projection considered must be trivial. By a version of Schur’s Lemma, this yields the irreducibility of the crossed product representation.
Ait, Aouit Djedjiga. « Approche multi-échelle de caractérisation des surfaces fondée sur l'analyse fractale et multifractale : application en analyse fractographique ». Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4047.
Texte intégralThis thesis is devoted to analyse the fracture surfaces of a broken piece. The aim is to discriminate the three principles damage stages advocated in the field of fracture mechanics: fracture initiation stage, fracture propagation stage and finale rupture of the material. The behaviour of these fracture modes is confirmed by the graphs of the fatigue crack growth according to the number of fatigue cycles. These graphs are estimated using a new strategy developed for monitoring fatigue crack growth based on thermographic measures applicable to a wide range of materials regardless of their electrical conductivity and their surface texture. A campaign fatigue testing was conducted on a set of an elastomeric material samples, this material is used for the manufacture of parts of flexible couplings automotive industry. The fracture surfaces are digitized using two techniques: interferometry to obtain maps of heights and scanning electron microscopy to obtain microscopic images. The fracture phenomena being highly nonlinear and non-stationary; therefore, the classical roughness parameters measurement of fracture lines development is not adapted for their characterization. In this investigation, multifractal analysis based on the continuous Wavelet Transform Modulus Maxima method (WTMM) is proposed to give the discrimination of the profile lines development at three principal fracture stages. Indeed, the discrimination of these three fracture stages provides a powerful diagnostic tool to identify the fracture initiation site, and thus delineate the causes of the cracking of the material. We have used the global roughness parameter, called Hurst exponent, to identify the axis of cracking. The fractal analysis of the fracture profiles show that it is possible to reconstruct the crack path. It was established that multifractal analysis based WTMM describes reasonably well the scaling properties of local regularity of the fracture. It performs a fine discrimination of the three fracture zones using the singularities spectra which quantify the strength of singularities and their distribution
Quemar, Pierrick. « Modélisation et analyse numérique des écoulements à surface libre ». Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131022.
Texte intégralIn this thesis, we are interested by Finite Elements methods for the three-dimensional free surface Navier–Stokes equations under the ALE formulation. They enable to simulate geophysical flows. The initial and main goal is to analyse the existing limitations of these numerical methods and to provide perspectives of improvement, justified mathematically.This purpose helps us to present a review and improvement way for Telemac-3D, which is a hydrodynamics industrial software developed by the Laboratoire National d’Hydraulique et Environnement of EDF R&D. Therefore, we analyse precisely and we evaluate this algorithm, with respect to the recent scientific publications. This software solves the free surface Navier–Stokes equations with the decomposition of the pressure through a hydrostatic part and a dynamic part. A major limitation is that the velocity field of the fluid is not divergence-free. Furthermore, we highlight a time restriction on the time step. Moreover, alternative approaches are studied and compared. In particular, we focus on a numerical strategy which consists in advecting the free surface, in updating the domain and in solving the Navier–Stokes equations. Based on this strategy, we analyze a first order explicit scheme in time with a Finite Elements stabilization term. The numerical method allows to ensure important properties : the mass conservation of the water quantity and the weak free divergence condition. We demonstrate that this scheme is conditionally stable in time. Besides, we propose a new variational formulation allowing to obtain a semi-implicit scheme in time combined with the Finite Elements method,which is stable independently from the velocity of the mesh and without an exact free divergence velocity.Finally, in order to expand the hydrodynamic knowledges, some simplified models used in other software developed by EDF R&D are studied. In particular, we focus on the mild-slope equation solved in the software Artemis [51]. It is an asymptotic model derived from the linear water wave equation. As a consequence, we study the hypothesis and the validity of the derivation. An approximate analytical solution is additionally derived for this purpose. Moreover, comparisons with other asymptotic models, such as the linear shallow water equation or the Helmholtz equation, are presented
MENASCE, DAVID. « Analyse non lineaire d'ondes de surface bidimensionnelles et tridimensionnelles ». Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE4921.
Texte intégralColin, Dominique. « Obtention, corrosion et analyse de surface d'alliages amorphes inoxydables ». Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0111.
Texte intégralLufimpu-Luviya, Yannick. « Analyse multimodale des consommateurs dans une surface de vente ». Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4025/document.
Texte intégralThis thesis about multimodal analysis of customer behavior in a selling area falls into three issues: 1) the identification of low level characteristics such as age band and gender, 2) the analysis of middle level characteristics such as the indecisiveness degree or the indecisiveness class, 3) the identification of purchasing acts. Data come from cameras, eye-tracking sensors and infrared position sensors. The identification of gender and age band is made with images of faces. Our first contribution is proposing a model for the identification of the gender and the age band, based on texture descriptors on the middle third of the face. We point out a correlation between the age of the subject and the difficulty to identify his gender. This correlation legitimizes the segmentation of the population by marketing managers into age bands. Our second contribution deals with the second issue. Indeed, we propose a predictive analysis of the indecisiveness degree of the customer, instead of descriptive analysis. We use eye-tracking descriptors, gesture descriptors and support vector machines. Our third contribution deals with the analysis of purchasing acts based on eye tracking data. As for the analysis of the indecisiveness degree, we propose a predictive model. We emphasize the time factor, which is an important factor in the purchasing act.This thesis was initiated within the behavioral marketing project ORIGAMI2: observation of gaze and interpretation of gesture for a non-intrusive marketing analysis (Observation du Regard et Interprétation du Geste pour Analyse Marketing non-Intrusive)
Sinquin, Jean-Christophe. « Analyse de surface d'onde infrarouge par modulateur acousto-optique ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618580c.
Texte intégralDANEL, ADRIEN. « Caractérisation des propriétés de surface du silicium par analyse de charges : méthode SCP (Surface Charge Profiler) ». Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0118.
Texte intégralGresser, Laurent. « Modification des propriétés adhésives de surfaces de polycarbonate par décharge couronne en géométrie fil-plan ». Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3014.
Texte intégralLANQUETIN, JEAN-PHILIPPE. « Analyse rigoureuse de surfaces selectives en frequence ». Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE4514.
Texte intégralKermiche, Lamya. « Dynamique de la surface de volatilité implicite ». Grenoble 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE21036.
Texte intégralThe Black and Scholes Formula is very popular among market practitioners, despite the differences between reality and the hypothesis. Market models have been proposed to expand this model, by modelling implied volatility. The aim of this research is the empirical study of the dynamics of the implied volatility surface. After studying each dimension of the surface separately, we incorporated the interactions between them. To perform that, we used a functional form of Principal Component Analysis, based on a Karhunen-Loève decomposition. We isolate and study the most important shocks factors driving the implied volatility surface. Our results suggest different behaving for short and long term volatilities. Studying the time series of the obtained factors, we show that these are well represented by jump processes, particularly the first factor, which represents the global variation of the implied volatility surface. We then analyse the informational content of the implied volatility surface, by estimating and studying risk neutral densities. We find that the same jumps phenomenons are present in changes of investors' anticipations. There are many applications of the proposed models, particularly for Vega hedging of options portfolios, and for the valuation and risk management of exotic options and volatility derivatives
Bringer, Alexandra. « Description statistique de la surface océanique et mesures conjointes micro-ondes : une analyse cohérente ». Phd thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794381.
Texte intégralVernerey, Franck. « Analyse multivariable de données ToF-SIMS, spectres de surface - profiles en profondeurs - imagerie de surface : développement du logiciel MULTI-ION SIMS ». Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10247.
Texte intégralFricout, Gabriel Yrieix. « Propriétés morphologiques et optiques des surfaces rugueuses ». Paris, ENMP, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001102.
Texte intégralIn this PhD, we have focused our interest on studying general aspect of rough surfaces and particularly steel surfaces, that can be coated and designed for any kind of applications. In the following, the words surface aspect have to be understood as general texture characteristics without taking into account local defects. The control of such an aspect during production process is performed by regular sampling of the product and visual comparison with a reference data set. This method does not only forbid a continuous quality control of surface aspect, but also introduces a very subjective part in surfaces appearance evaluation. Firstly, we develop a set of morphological features (based on surface segmentation, tortuosity map, granulometry. . . ) as well as statistical features (covariance curve, slopes histogram. . . ), that leads us to surface characterization. The question of features stability is then considered by means of features variance when a large surface is characterized several times using independent observation windows. Some geostatistical tools enable us to address this problem in some particular cases and bootstrap over-sampling is also introduced with special care to statistical dependence between variables. A statistical method based on different steps of factorial analysis is then introduced in order to chose a representation space that is well suited for bayesian classification. This very generic methodology for analyzing surface texture is then applied to a real problem. We study the automatic classification of surfaces with "orangepeel" aspect according to the quality of their appearance. Once successful experiments were performed in laboratory using interferometric microscopy, we design a vision system based on a collimated source and a matricial camera, so that an automatic and systematic quality control of surface aspect can be set up on production line. In order to improve our classifier performance, the possibility of using flooding trees for texture characterization is considered and we develop an algorithm to divide a flooding tree into subtrees so that bootstrap techniques become usable with such a particular data structure. Finally, the optical behavior of surfaces is modeled by the way of ray casting in order to simulate the image obtained by a camera under specific lighting conditions. Reciprocally, we propose an algorithm to compute a surface topography if only a single camera image is known. All these points join a recent dynamic coming from steel industry in general and Arcelor group in particular, that should lead to a better understanding of esthetic for surfaces, the final aim being the prediction and anticipation of consumer’s desires in this particular field. Considering this, our tools open perspectives for defining the "ideal surface" for a given application
Cit, Pierangelo. « Applicazione del metodo D.O.E. allo studio della qualità di foratura in materiali legnosi ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Trouver le texte intégralNguyen, Thi Phuong Nhung. « Fabrication of Nanostructured Silicon Substrates for the Development of Superomniphobic Surfaces and Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Biomolecules ». Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10065/document.
Texte intégralThis work concerns the fabrication of micro/nanostructured silicon substrates and their application as non-wetting surfaces, and analytical tools for biomolecules’ analysis and in microfluidic devices. Two different techniques were investigated for the formation of nanostructured silicon substrates: chemical wet etching via metal-assisted electroless etching (Top-down approach) and nanowire growth by « Chemical Vapor Deposition » via Vapor-Liquid-Solid mechanism (Bottom-up approach). Different structured surface morphologies were then obtained. These were either simple structured such as: Micro or Nanoscale, or double structured such as: Micro-Nano or Nano-Nanoscale. The first part of the thesis deals with the preparation of superominiphobic surfaces capable of repelling almost any liquid. The surfaces consisting of double structured substrates gave the best non-wetting properties. Secondly, nanostructured silicon substrates were used as inorganic matrices for the detection of small molecules without using an organic matrix in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Herein, we investigated the influence of surface morphology, doping type and chemical termination on mass spectrometry analysis of a standard peptide mixture. Finally, functionalized silicon nanowires surfaces with a specific ligand were used to perform peptide enrichment and its subsequent analysis by mass spectrometry from a mixture solution
Priez, Alain. « Évolution d'une dystrophie musculaire : caractérisation par l'analyse de l'EMG de surface ». Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD161.
Texte intégralMartinez, Sandrine. « Contribution à la caractérisation des surfaces acquises en microscopie tridimensionnelle ». Saint-Etienne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STET4023.
Texte intégralMallard, Claire. « Analyse tectonique de la surface des modèles de convection mantellique ». Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1143/document.
Texte intégralPlate tectonics theory describes first order surface motions at the surface of the Earth. Although it is agreed upon that convection in the mantle drives the plates, the relationships between deep dynamics and surface tectonics are still largely unknown. Until recently, mantle convection models could not produce surface tectonics that could be compared to that of the Earth. New global models are able to form large-scale ascending and descending mantle currents, as well as narrow regions of localized deformation at the surface where convergence and divergence occur. These models selfconsistently generate an expansion of the oceanic floor similar to that of the last 200 million years on Earth, and continental drift similar to what can be reconstructed with palaeomagnetism. This Ph.D. thesis constitutes one of the first attempts to use self-organised, spherical convection models in order to better understand surface tectonics. Here, the tectonics produced by the models is finely charaterized through the study of plate boundaries, their organisation and their velocities. The goal is to be able to compare qualitatively and quantitatively the results of convection computations with surface motions, as reconstructed using the rules of plate tectonics and field observations. Plate boundaries emerging from the models were first traced and analyzed by hand so as to understand the physics that govern the typical organization of the tectonics plates on Earth. It is characterised by seven large plates and several smaller ones, following a statistical distribution that suggests that two distinct physical processes control the plates’ layout. We have determined the processes responsible for this distribution while varying the strength of the lithosphere (the yield stress). In our models, the stronger the lithosphere, the greater the total subduction length and their curvature, and the fewer the small plates. By studying surface fragmentation with triple junctions, we showed that the formation of small plates is associated with oceanic trench curvature. Large plates, however, are controlled by the long wavelengths of the convection cells. These two processes involve two different reorganisation times, controlled either by the accretion and the subduction of the large plates (about 100 Myrs), or by trench motions for the smaller plates. In order to improve the efficiency of our analysis, we have developed automated methods to study the surface and the interior of the models. The first technique is about detecting the tectonic plates automatically at the surface of the models. It is called ADOPT. It is a tool based on image segmentation technique to detect the watersheds. The surface fields of the convection models are converted into a relief field, either directly or using a distance method. This automatic detection allows to obtain plates polygons similar to the hand analysis. Another technique of detection has been developed to study mantle plumes. These analyzes were used to determine the driving forces behind the plates layout, to quantify the timing of reorganizations and to evaluate the implication of the models rheology on the surface distribution. These new analytical tools and the constant evolution of the quality of mantle convection models allow us to improve our understanding of the link between mantle dynamics and surface tectonics, but also to target necessary improvements in the convection models used
Delacourt, Christophe. « Détection et analyse de mouvements de surface par interféromètre différentielle ». Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GLOB0006.
Texte intégralGohin, Francis. « Analyse geostatistique des champs thermiques de surface de la mer ». Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0095.
Texte intégralLarouche, Tremblay François. « Analyse détaillée du fonctionnement interne du schéma de surface CLASS ». Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25359.
Texte intégralCanadian Land Surface Scheme
Cayla, Pascal. « Analyse expérimentale de la surface de plasticité en chargements complexes ». Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066081.
Texte intégralGohin, Francis. « Analyse géostatistique des champs thermiques de surface de la mer ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605490g.
Texte intégralKedzia, Jean-Claude. « Analyse harmonique des antennes microrubans effet des ondes de surface / ». Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376064525.
Texte intégralNguyen, Quang Huy. « Analyse hautes fréquences pour les équations des ondes de surface ». Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS175.
Texte intégralThis dissertation is devoted to the mathematical analysis of the water waves systems. We focus on the dispersive property and the Cauchy problem for rough initial data. One of the main objects of study is the gravity-capillary water waves system. We establish blow-up criteria and the persistence of Sobolev regularity. By proving Strichartz estimates for rough solutions, we obtain Cauchy theories for non-Lipschitz initial velocity. In another part of the dissertation, we study the dispersive property of the fully nonlinear water waves systems. More specifically, we are interested in Strichartz estimates. We prove for sufficiently smooth solutions that the nonlinear systems obey the same Strichartz estimates as their linearizations do
ALESSANDRONI, GIACOMO. « Analisi e Modelli per il Monitoraggio del Manto Stradale ». Doctoral thesis, Urbino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11576/2630075.
Texte intégralNedeltcheva, Théodora Dambrine Etienne. « Analyse spatiale de la composition chimique des ruisseaux vosgiens ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2005_0189_NEDELTCHEVA.pdf.
Texte intégralNoël, Jean-Marc. « Analyse dynamique de surfaces fonctionnelles par électrochimie localisée ». Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S161.
Texte intégralThis manuscript presents the study of the charge transfer process on modified carbon surface using electrochemical methods, and particularly the electrochemical microscopy (SECM). The substrates were modified by the electrochemical reduction of aryldiazonium salts going to the grafting of polyaryl layers, and then followed by the immobilization of different systems to study. We first studied the mechanism of the charges transfers on the surfaces functionalized with redox systems. These studies have shown a relationship between the efficiency of the electronic transfer on the surface, and the proximity between the immobilized redox moieties. Then, we studied the derivation of polyaryl layers with silver nanoparticles and with a biological molecule named glutathione. The immobilization of these non-redox systems confers new properties to the surface; the changes actually occurred in the kinetics of charge transfers. The experiments performed in different solvents have shown an influence on these processes. Finally, we have studied the reactivity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) versus the polyaryl or glutathione modified surfaces. ROS are generated by reducing the oxygen on the surface of the microelectrode by SECM method. It was shown that the reactivity of ROS depends on the nature of the microelectrode (Platinum, Gold). The oxygen reduction on a platinum microelectrode leads to a destructive micropatterning of the organic layer. An erasable micropatterning was performed using a gold microelectrode and the antioxidant properties of glutathione
Baspinar, Emre <1988>. « Minimal Surfaces in Sub-Riemannian Structures and Functional Geometry of the Visual Cortex ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8661/7/thesis_baspinar_for_submission.pdf.
Texte intégralOueini, Walid. « Caractérisation des surfaces GaSb(110) et GaSb(100) par photoémission résolue angulairement : Etude des modifications physico-chimiques de ces surfaces lors d'un dépôt d'aluminium ». Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20064.
Texte intégralCzernichowski, Mieczyslaw. « Etude physico-chimique des états de surface et de la passivation du quartz en relation avec son caractère pathogène ». Orléans, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ORLE2034.
Texte intégralTriconnet, Karen. « Identification des propriétés mécaniques à partir de mesures de champs dans un matériau multi-phasé ». Paris, ENSAM, 2007. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351691.
Texte intégralIn fiber reinforced polymeric matrix, stresses are transferred from the matrix to the reinforcement through a 3D zone called interphase. Its properties result from the physicochemical interactions of components. Two difficulties arise: first, the need to study the interphase once the composite is manufactured and second, its size that varies from a nanometer to few micrometers. The study aims at developing a mechanical properties characterization technique of a microcomposite interphase. Strain fields, given by a numerical derivation from displacement fields, are computed by the virtual fields method in order to identify the rigidities of the interphase material. Two experimental techniques have been developed to measure the displacement field in the interphase during a tensile test: the adaptation of the moiré interferometry with a phase stepping method (micrometer spatial resolution) and the digital image correlation with a far-field microscope (subpixel analysis). A comparison is made between these two techniques applied on this study. The strain field is analyzed through the virtual fields method to determine the parameters governing the interphase constitutive law
Uribe, Lobello Ricardo. « Génération de maillages adaptatifs à partir de données volumiques de grande taille ». Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22024.
Texte intégralIn this document, we have been interested in the surface extraction from the volumetric representation of an object. With this objective in mind, we have studied the spatial subdivision surface extraction algorithms. This approaches divide the volume in order to build a piecewise approximation of the surface. The general idea is to combine local and simple approximations to extract a complete representation of the object's surface.The methods based on the Marching Cubes (MC) algorithm have problems to produce good quality and to handle adaptive surfaces. Even if a lot of improvements to MC have been proposed, these approaches solved one or two problems but they don't offer a complete solution to all the MC drawbacks. Dual methods are more adapted to use adaptive sampling over volumes. These methods generate surfaces that are dual to those generated by the Marching Cubes algorithm or dual grids in order to use MC methods. These solutions build adaptive meshes that represent well the features of the object. In addition, recent improvements guarantee that the produced meshes have good geometrical and topological properties.In this dissertation, we have studied the main topological and geometrical properties of volumetric objects. In a first stage, we have explored the state of the art on spatial subdivision surface extraction methods in order to identify theirs advantages, theirs drawbacks and the implications of theirs application on volumetric objects. We have concluded that a dual approach is the best option to obtain a good compromise between mesh quality and geometrical approximation. In a second stage, we have developed a general pipeline for surface extraction based on a combination of dual methods and connected components extraction to better capture the topology and geometry of the original object. In a third stage, we have presented an out-of-core extension of our surface extraction pipeline in order to extract adaptive meshes from huge volumes. Volumes are divided in smaller sub-volumes that are processed independently to produce surface patches that are later combined in an unique and topologically correct surface. This approach can be implemented in parallel to speed up its performance. Test realized in a vast set of volumes have confirmed our results and the features of our solution
Sabri, Leila. « Développement et mise en œuvre d'une méthodologie d'analyse multi-échelle du procédé de rodage en production de série ». Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00526528.
Texte intégralSeantier, Bastien. « Formation et caractérisation d'empreintes moléculaires à la surface de bicouches lipidiques supportées ». Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13101.
Texte intégralThis work explores the first step towards a new method for creating molecular imprints on surfaces based on template-induced surface reconstruction. Mixed lipid bilayers are used as a two-dimensional liquid for inducing local demixing and their transition to a gel phase for stabilizing the template-imposed structures. Thus the reversible imprinting process is based on the fluid to gel main transition of lipids, especially phospholipids. Single lipids or lipid mixtures having a phase transition temperature near the ambient temperature are used. The composition of lipid membrane is responsible for the structural fit (lipid headgroups) and a topological fit (legth of aliphatic chains). Since very little is known about the preparation and properties of such systems, a study of the formation of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) close to their phase transition temperature was initiated. The influence of experimental parameters such as composition and pH of the buffer, the vesicle concentration, temperature and the chemical nature of the lipids on the mechanism and the kinetics of the SLB formation have been studied by dissipation enhenced quartz crystal microbalance (QCM-D), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy. The results show in detail how the formation of SPBs depends on experimental parameters and allow to speculate on a more detailed mechanims of SPB formation. Then, the imprint formation of two proteins (trypsin inhibitor and annexin V) have been studied with two lipid mixtures. We have developed an experimental protocol to analyse their interaction. The results show the presence of molecular imprints at the surface of lipid membranes, the reproducibility and the reversibility of molecular imprinting process. However, the preliminary experiments exhibit the fact that the imprints are not yet highly specific and that the lipid system needs to be optimised further
Nguyen, Danh Toan. « Analyse locale du frottement entre une surface rugueuse et un élastomère ». Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066111.
Texte intégralThe improvement of the tire performances requires a better understanding of the frictional properties of local multi-contact interface. These properties can not be studied directly by simple measurement of integrated forces all over the contact. In this context, the thesis aims to study the local friction in a contact between a rigid surface and a smooth elastomer. Based on contact imaging techniques, we are able to measure the displacement field induced by friction on the elastomer surface. This displacement is then inverted to obtain the friction law between the local shear stress and the local contact pressure at each point of the contact. We have then demonstrated the existence of large deformations in the contact region and developed a displacement - stress inversion by finite element method to take into account these deformations. This approach was first applied to the smooth contacts where we observed a shear stress independent of the local contact pressure and the nominal area of contact, which is not the case of rough interfaces. The experimental local friction law in a rough interface shows a remarkable nonlinearity even at low contact pressures. This law also indicates a tendency of interface saturation at high contact pressure. Different rough surfaces with gaussian and non-gaussian statistics nature allowed us to evaluate the sensitivity of the local friction law to the roughness details and discuss the theoretical models which are based on a purely spectral description of surfaces. The use of surfaces with well controlled roughness has helped us in identifying the contribution of the viscoelastic dissipation to the friction on a rubber surface