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Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Supervisione debole »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 9 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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Binns, Tony, et Robert Potter. « Postgraduate supervision : the continuing debate ». Journal of Geography in Higher Education 13, no 2 (janvier 1989) : 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03098268908709089.

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Gray, Jean. « Opening the debate on clinical supervision ». Nursing Standard 9, no 18 (25 janvier 1995) : 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.9.18.15.s30.

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Rankine, Matt. « The internal/external debate : The tensions within social work supervision ». Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss3id646.

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INTRODUCTION: Supervision is crucial to social workers’ practice. Within the current managerial social services environment, the supervisor juggles organisational and professional accountabilities—organisational agendas often dominate practitioners’ reflection. In response, alternative types of supervision have emerged, one of which is external supervision.METHODS: This paper analyses qualitative discussions with key informants and supervisory dyads in community-based child welfare services regarding reflective practices in supervision. Internal and external supervision arrangements were discussed in depth relative to their impact on social work practice.FINDINGS: Analysis of discussions identified four themes: the significance of external supervision for building capacity, resilience and confidential reflective space; the role of internal supervision for managerial and organisational agendas; tensions associated with external supervision regarding funding and accountability; and important attributes of the supervisor in successful working relationships.CONCLUSIONS: External supervision is essential for professional competence but considerable inter-organisational variation exists in how this is utilised. Three key considerations emerged: accountabilities of external supervisor, supervisee and internal supervisor towards collaborative practice, evaluation and feedback; purchasing of external supervision; and the professional development of external supervisors. Further education connecting the importance of the supervisory relationship to realise critical thinking and practice development is essential for the future of social work.
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Lopes, Pedro Isaac Ximenes, et Alda Maria Duarte Araújo Castro. « AVALIAÇÃO, REGULAÇÃO, SUPERVISÃO E ACREDITAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR : análise do Projeto INSAES ». Cadernos de Pesquisa 26, no 3 (18 novembre 2019) : 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2229.v26n3p127-144.

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O artigo investiga o Projeto de Lei que propõe a criação do Instituto Nacional de Supervisão e Avaliação da Educação Superior (INSAES), que pretende unir em uma única agência as atividades de avaliação, regulação, supervisão e acreditação, otimizando recursos e integrando processos. O objetivo foi analisar o Projeto INSAES, proposto pelo Governo Dilma Vana Rousseff, e seus desdobramentos no debate legislativo. A pesquisa foi construída tendo como postura, método e modelo de análise a literatura fundamentada no materialismo dialético, sob a articulação das categorias da totalidade, da contradição e da mediação. Quanto aos procedimentos técnicos de coleta e análise dos dados, realizou-se pesquisa documental, notadamente a partir da legislação correlata. O movimento expositivo da pesquisa partiu das determinações e relações diversas ao concreto pensado, com o intuito de representar o fenômeno estudado no seu lugar histórico. A investigação constatou que o Projeto INSAES foi gestado num contexto da agenda governamentalem que se buscava fortalecer o ativismo estatal. Aproximando-se do modelo de agência reguladora, o INSAES substituiria a Secretaria de Regulação e Supervisão da Educação Superior (SERES) e assumiria parte das competências do Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP), acarretando alterações na Lei do SINAES. Conclui-se que se trata de um marco no debate público em torno da avaliação da educação superior no Brasil, sendo necessário aprofundar as discussões sobre o tema a fim de subsidiar proposições acerca da política a ser desenvolvida.EVALUATION, REGULATION, SUPERVISION AND ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: analysis of the INSAES ProjectAbstractThe article analyzes the Bill that proposes the creation of the National Institute of Supervision and Evaluation of Higher Education (INSAES), which intends to unite in a single agency the activities of evaluation, regulation, supervision and accreditation, optimizing resources and integrating processes. The objective was to analyze the INSAES Project, proposed by the Dilma Rousseff Government and its consequences in the legislative debate. The research was built having as a posture, method and model of analysis the literature based on dialectical materialism, under the articulation of the categories of totality, contradiction and mediation. Regarding the technical procedures of data collection and analysis, a documentary research was carried out, notably from the related legislation. The expository movement of the research started from the determinations and diverse reactions to the concrete thought, in order to represent the studied phenomenon in its historical place. The investigation found that the INSAES Project was conceived in the context of the government agenda aimed at strengthening state activism. Approaching the regulatory agency model, INSAES would replace the Secretariat of Regulation and Supervision of Higher Education (SERES) and would assume part of the competencies of the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), causing changes in the Law of SINAES. It is concluded that this is a milestone in the public debate around the evaluation of higher education in Brazil, It is necessary to deepen the discussions on the subject in order to support propositions about the policy to be developed.Keywords: Higher education. Evaluation. Accreditation. INSAES.EVALUACIÓN, REGULACIÓN, SUPERVISIÓN Y ACREDITACIÓN DE LA EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR: análisis del proyecto INSAESResumenEl artículo analiza el proyecto de ley que propone la creación del Instituto Nacional de Supervisión y Evaluación de la Educación Superior (INSAES), que pretende unir en una agencia las actividades de evaluación, regulación, supervisión y acreditación, optimizando recursos e integrando procesos. El objetivo fue analizar el Proyecto INSAES, propuesto por el Gobierno Dilma Vana Rousseff, y sus consecuencias en el debate legislativo. La investigación se realizó tomando como posición, método y modelo de análisis las reflexiones de Marx y el materialismo dialéctico, articulando las categorías de totalidad, contradicción y mediación. Con respecto a los procedimientos técnicos para la recopilación y análisis de datos, se realizó una investigación documental, destacando la legislación relacionada. El movimiento expositivo de la investigación partió de las determinaciones y las diversas relaciones con el pensamiento concreto, para representar el fenómeno estudiado en su lugar histórico. La investigación señaló que el Proyecto INSAES fue diseñado en un contexto de la agenda gubernamental dirigida a fortalecer el activismo estatal. Similar al modelo de agencia reguladora, INSAES reemplazaría a la Secretaría de Regulación y Supervisión de la Educación Superior (SERES) y asumiría parte de las competencias del Instituto Nacional de Estudios e Investigación Educativa Anísio Teixeira (INEP), acarreando cambios en la Ley del SINAES. Se concluye que este es un hito en el debate público sobre la evaluación de la educación superior en Brasil, y es necesario profundizar las discusiones sobre el tema para apoyar las propuestas sobre la política a desarrollar.Palabras clave: Educación Superior. Evaluación. Acreditación. INSAES.
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Williams, Elizabeth, et Sheila C. Hunt. « Supervision in midwifery practice : the debate and some evidence ». British Journal of Midwifery 4, no 1 (janvier 1996) : 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1996.4.1.28.

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Isherwood, Jim. « Supervision registers and medium secure units ». Psychiatric Bulletin 20, no 4 (avril 1996) : 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.20.4.198.

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The introduction of supervision registers for mentally ill people according to the NHS Executive Guidelines in February 1994 aroused debate among psychiatrists. This paper highlights many of the issues and describes the development of the supervision register at one medium secure unit.
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Aziewicz, Dominik. « Nadzór właścicielski nad przedsiębiorstwami z udziałem Skarbu Państwa w Korei Południowej i Singapurze w kontekście dyskusji dotyczącej reformy systemu nadzoru właścicielskiego w Polsce ». Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no 20 (2021) : 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.21.014.14846.

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State-owned enterprises supervision system in South Korea and Singapore, within the context of the debate about reforming state-owned enterprises supervision system in Poland State-owned enterprises are a part of most modern economies. Therefore, it is substantial to elaborate which model of supervision system is the most suitable for the challenges of each country. Since the 2015 there is an ongoing debate in Poland, about the shape of a stateowned enterprises supervision system. It was considered to establish a national holding company, which would perform the ownership function for Polish state-owned enterprises. An inspiration for this idea was the South Korean state-owned supervision system and the impact of the chaebols on the Korean national economy. The aim of this article it to examine Korean solutions, and to present the state-owned supervision system which function in Singapore, because in many ways it seems to be a more adequate inspiration for the needs of Polish decision-makers.
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Ayres, Jane, Annabel Clarke et Jon Large. « Identifying principles and practice for supervision in an Educational Psychology Service ». Educational and Child Psychology 32, no 3 (septembre 2015) : 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2015.32.3.22.

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Aims:It has been suggested that ‘Supervision is central to the delivery of high quality psychological services’ (Dunsmuir & Leadbetter, 2010, p.2). This paper identifies key principles and practice necessary to make this a reality in an Educational Psychology Service (EPS).Method/Rationale:One service’s supervision approach for Educational Psychologists (EPs), Trainee Educational Psychologists (TEPs) and other professionals is explored.Findings:Factors identified as being necessary for effective supervision include: a high profile for supervision; protected supervision time; a service policy for supervision; ongoing supervision training for all EPs; supervision for supervisors; an EPS Supervision Strategy Group; and ongoing evaluation of supervision practice.Limitations:Challenges around maintaining and developing supervision are explored, along with some planned future developments.Conclusions:Issues that may be helpful for colleagues to consider and debate further are raised.
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Bayley, Sydney. « The development and evaluation of clinical supervision in the Essex Educational Psychology Service ». DECP Debate 1, no 134 (mars 2010) : 7–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsdeb.2010.1.134.7.

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This article has been written in order to inform and stimulate debate amongst educational psychologists about the issue of clinical supervision. At present a British Psychological Society DECP Working Party, in conjunction with the AEP, is meeting to produce guidance on Policy, Practice and Competencies for supervision of EPs.
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Holz, Craig. « A manager’s challenge : Is external supervision more valuable than increased training money for staff ? » Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 31, no 3 (30 septembre 2019) : 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol31iss3id654.

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INTRODUCTION: Supervision is regarded as an integral necessity for the development and maintenance of professional standards in social workers and is also common practice in other health professions. There is debate, however, about the relative strengths of external and internal supervision. External supervision is recommended but there is a significant financial cost in contracting external supervisors. Also, some argue that internal supervision better manages staff and simplifies communication.METHODS: This article provides a case study of an agency considering changing its supervision systems and the relative benefits and risks that need to be considered.FINDINGS: Each agency needs to consider how to get the best from staff development resources considering the time or finances available. External supervision can offer wider choice to staff with more ethical issues debated. However, this may limit other staff development funding.CONCLUSION: It is recommended that every agency regularly review how to get the best supervision for its staff.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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CAMPAGNER, ANDREA. « Robust Learning Methods for Imprecise Data and Cautious Inference ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404829.

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La rappresentazione, quantificazione e gestione dell'incertezza è uno dei problemi centrali nell'Intelligenza Artificiale, ed in particolare nel Machine Learning, in cui l'incertezza è intrinsecamente collegata alla natura induttiva dell'apprendimento. Tra diverse forme d'incertezza, la modellazione dell'imprecisione, cioè il problem di gestire dati o conoscenza imperfetta o incompleta, ha recentemente attratto molto interesse nella comunità di ricerca, per via delle sue implicazione teoriche e applicate sull'uso di strumenti basati sul Machine Learning. Questo lavoro si concentra sul problema di gestire l'imprecision nel Machine Learning, sotto due diverse prospettive. Da un lato, l'imprecisione che riguarda i dati di input alla pipeline di Machine Learning, da cui si origina il problema dell'apprendimento da dati imprecisi. Dall'altro, l'imprecisione come strumento per implementare processi di quantificazione dell'incertezza nel Machine Learning, al fine di permettere a questi ultimi di fornire previsioni set-valued e portare quindi alla definizione di metodi di inferenza cauta. Lo scopo di questo lavoro, quindi, riguarda lo studio teorico ed empirico dei due scenari summenzionati. Per quanto riguarda il problema dell'apprendimento da dati imprecisi, il focus principale riguarda l'investigazione del problema dell'apprendimento da fuzzy label, sia da un punto di visto teorico che algoritmo. I contributi principali includono: la proposta di una caratterizzazione teorica del problema; la proposta di un nuovo algoritmo di ensemble, basato su pseudo-label, e il suo studio dal punto di visto teorico ed empirico; l'applicazione del summenzionato algoritmo in tre problemi medici reali; ed infine la proposta e lo studio di algoritmi di feature selection per ridurre la complessità computazionale e limitare la "curse of dimensionality" per algoritmi di apprendimento da fuzzy label. Per quanto riguarda l'inferenza cauta, il focus principale riguarda lo studio teorico di tre framework per l'inferenza cauta e lo sviluppo di nuovi algoritmi ed approcci per estendere l'applicabilità di tali framework in setting complessi. I contributi principali in questo senso riguardo lo studio delle proprietà teoriche di, e le relazioni tra, metodi di inferenza cauta decision-teorici, basati sulla selective prediction e sulla conformal prediction; lo studio di modelli ensemble di inferenza cauta, sia da un punto di vista empirico che teorico, mostrando in particolare che tali ensemble permettono di migliorare la robustezza e la generalizzazione di algoritmi di Machine Learning, nonché di facilitare l'applicazione di metodi d'inferenza cauta a dati complessi, multi-sorgenti o multi-modali
The representation, quantification and proper management of uncertainty is one of the central problems in Artificial Intelligence, and particularly so in Machine Learning, in which uncertainty is intrinsically tied to the inductive nature of the learning problem. Among different forms of uncertainty, the modeling of imprecision, that is the problem of dealing with data or knowledge that are imperfect} and incomplete, has recently attracted interest in the research community, for its theoretical and application-oriented implications on the practice and use of Machine Learning-based tools and methods. This work focuses on the problem of dealing with imprecision in Machine Learning, from two different perspectives. On the one hand, when imprecision affects the input data to a Machine Learning pipeline, leading to the problem of learning from imprecise data. On the other hand, when imprecision is used a way to implement uncertainty quantification for Machine Learning methods, by allowing these latter to provide set-valued predictions, leading to so-called cautious inference methods. The aim of this work, then, will be to investigate theoretical as well as empirical issues related to the two above mentioned settings. Within the context of learning from imprecise data, focus will be given on the investigation of the learning from fuzzy labels setting, both from a learning-theoretical and algorithmic point of view. Main contributions in this sense include: a learning-theoretical characterization of the hardness of learning from fuzzy labels problem; the proposal of a novel, pseudo labels-based, ensemble learning algorithm along with its theoretical study and empirical analysis, by which it is shown to provide promising results in comparison with the state-of-the-art; the application of this latter algorithm in three relevant real-world medical problems, in which imprecision occurs, respectively, due to the presence of conflicting expert opinions, the use of vague technical vocabulary, and the presence of individual variability in biochemical parameters; as well as the proposal of feature selection algorithms that may help in reducing the computational complexity of this task or limit the curse of dimensionality. Within the context of cautious inference, focus will be given to the theoretical study of three popular cautious inference frameworks, as well as to the development of novel algorithms and approaches to further the application of cautious inference in relevant settings. Main contributions in this sense include the study of the theoretical properties of, and relationships among, decision-theoretic, selective prediction and conformal prediction methods; the proposal of novel cautious inference techniques drawing from the interaction between decision-theoretic and conformal predictions methods, and their evaluation in medical settings; as well as the study of ensemble of cautious inference models, both from an empirical point of view, as well as from a theoretical one, by which it is shown that such ensembles could be useful to improve robustness, generalization, as well as to facilitate application of cautious inference methods on multi-source and multi-modal data.
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McConachie, Stephanie Marie. « Metaphors we make schools by : The debate on schools of choice ». W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618630.

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Donald Schon (1979) in his article, "Generative Metaphor: A Perspective on Problem-Setting on Social Policy," noted that the main difficulty of analyzing social policy was defining how the problem was "set." By "set" he meant the depiction of "what needs fixing" in the metaphors generated from a troublesome situation. Consequently, for Schon, evaluating social policy meant evaluating not the answer but the question. This dissertation, likewise, has focused on the question, the metaphors which underlay the setting of problems concerning the public policy of schools of choice.;Using the work of cognitive linguists George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, I identified and analyzed metaphorical expressions culled from three different groups of academicians who favor schools of choice. Chapters 3, 4, and 5 of the dissertation are divided respectively into representative writings by advocates of (1) public-private schools of choice; (2) private only schools of choice; and (3) public only schools of choice.;Metaphors, according to Lakoff and Johnson "play a constitutive role in the structuring of our experience." They are a link, according to Lakoff and Johnson, to the construction and reproduction of our culture. to understand the conceptions underlying the metaphorical expressions used by schools of choice advocates, the metaphors were grouped into larger categories. These larger categories included "life is a game," "systems are containers," "causation is emerging," "systems are hierarchies," "market competition is a success story," "systems are balancing machines," "education is a structure," "controlled choice is a rational argument," and "choice schools are a link to the community".;The advocates of schools of choice advanced their doctrines within their metaphors. Isolating the metaphors from the debate led to the conclusion that all three groups used the marketplace as their foundational metaphor. Even when the advocates for public schools of choice directly rejected the marketplace as an analogy for education, their metaphors highlighted competition and supply and demand as solutions to the problem of improving the educational system.
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Hu, Yanan. « Forensic Participation as a Contributor to Students' Critical Thinking Skills at the College Level in China| A Multiple Case Study ». Thesis, University of the Pacific, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3737511.

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As a popular co-curricular activity, forensic participation is considered as an effective educational tool in sharping students’ logic thinking abilities (Allen & Berkowitz, 1999; Bellon, 2000; Lieberman, Trumble & Smith, 2000). However, in China, compared with the growing enthusiasm in debate among the Chinese students, research in this field is relatively thin. Therefore, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of how forensic participation influence students’ critical thinking abilities, I conducted this multiple case study which was grounded in the Paul-Elder Model of Critical Thinking.

My respondents are three national or regional champions from a well-known forensic team in Eastern China. My major data collection include three one-on-one interviews with the respondents, some secondary interviews with their coach and teachers, observations on their debate training, and some online data such as the official blog of the team, my e-mail correspondence with the students and information culled from their personal social networking sites.

My two research questions are “How does college students’ thinking change as a result of participating in forensics?” and “What features of forensic participation support students’ development of critical thinking?” In terms of research question one, I have found that first, as a result of forensic participation, my respondents’ questioning, critical reading, analyzing and evaluating skills have improved. Second, they developed some intellectual traits that are indispensable to their critical thinking abilities. Third, forensic participation has to some extent helped them to get rid of ego-centric and socio-centric thinking, which paved the way for them to become an accomplished and responsible thinker.

As to research question two, I found that both the educational and epistemic features support students’ development of critical thinking.

I also found out motivation plays such an important role in students’ critical thinking development that it could be added into the framework of Paul’s Model of critical thinking. My recommendations include improving the instruction methods in debate courses and enhance both the quantity and quality of the intercollegiate and national competitions.

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Livres sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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The thrift debacle. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1989.

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The great savings and loan debacle. Washington, D.C : AEI Press, 1991.

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High rollers : Inside the savings and loan debacle. New York : Praeger, 1991.

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Seidman, Lewis William. Full faith and credit : The great S & L debacle and other Washington sagas. New York : Times Books, 1993.

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Hall, Maximilian. UK banking supervision and the capital adequacy debate. Loughborough University Banking Centre, 1985.

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Eichler, Ned. Thrift Debacle. University of California Press, 2021.

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Eichler, Ned. Thrift Debacle. University of California Press, 2021.

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AIG Debacle : Global Impact and the Need for Government Intervention. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2010.

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Seidman, L. William. Full Faith and Credit : The Great S & L Debacle and Other Washington Sagas. Beard Books, 2000.

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Geyh, Charles Gardner. Who is to Judge ? Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887148.001.0001.

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An elected judiciary is virtually unique to the American experience, and creates a paradox in a representative democracy. Elected judges take an oath to uphold the law impartially, which calls upon them to swear off the influence of the very constituencies they must cultivate in order to attain and retain judicial office. This paradox has given rise to perennially shrill and unproductive binary arguments over the merits and demerits of elected and appointed judiciaries, which this project seeks to transcend and reconceptualize with a search for middle ground. When the exaggerated arguments of disputants on both sides of the debate are identified and discounted, it becomes possible to approach consensus. By better informing the judicial selection debate with the lessons of law, politics, psychology, history, and anthropology, participants are better able to sort wheat from chaff and limit the scope of their disagreements. While consensus can thus be approached, it is unlikely to be achieved, because disuniformity is both inevitable and desirable. It is inevitable as long as state and regional histories, political cultures, and current events differ significantly enough to cultivate competing views as to whether judges can be better trusted to uphold the law with or without voter supervision. It is desirable, because a menu of viable, alternative selection systems enables states to address the legitimacy problems that their courts encounter over time, without devolving into constitutional crisis.
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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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Nelson, Richard W. « Supervision and the Great Deposit Insurance Debacle ». Dans Stability in the Financial System, 84–93. London : Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24767-7_5.

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Twinn, Sheila. « Issues in the supervision of health visiting practice : an agenda for debate ». Dans Clinical Supervision and Mentorship in Nursing, 132–42. Boston, MA : Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7228-6_10.

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Szydło, Wojciech. « Public Supervision of Public Procurement Market : A Contribution to Debate ». Dans Eurasian Studies in Business and Economics, 279–88. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76288-3_21.

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Ferreira, Giselle, et Tina Wilson. « Open Educational Resources and Web 2.0 for Formal Learning in Information and Computer Sciences ». Dans Collaborative Learning 2.0, 238–52. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0300-4.ch013.

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The availability of Web 2.0 and open educational resources affords the emergence of novel learning spaces, but debate on these innovations has tended to emphasise technical, logistical, and legal issues. This chapter focuses on pedagogy, reporting on the experiences from a piece of action research that has taken students’ views to its heart. The context for this research has been provided by a distance-learning project-based course in information and computer sciences, equivalent to a final year project in a face-to-face setting. The study consisted of a practical investigation into the potential of such resources to support the necessarily intense episodes of interaction required for productive supervision, whilst providing a space where students can be encouraged to identify, engage with, and discuss ethical issues that arise in their work.
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Taylor, Richard, et Damian Taylor. « 12. Specific remedies ». Dans Contract Law Directions, 324–41. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198836599.003.0012.

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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter considers remedies that directly address the issue of providing the innocent party with the performance that was expected. Their use depends on a number of factors, which means that they are not universally available and that the claimant will therefore often be left to his remedy in damages. The discussions cover actions for the price or other agreed sum, the rule in White and Carter v McGregor, affirmation and anticipatory breach. The chapter goes on to discuss specific performance and injunctions and the tests of damages being inadequate, mutuality plus other factors such as personal service contracts and the relevance of the need for supervision.
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Taylor, Richard, et Damian Taylor. « 12. Specific remedies ». Dans Contract Law Directions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198797739.003.0012.

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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter considers remedies that directly address the issue of providing the innocent party with the performance that was expected. Their use depends on a number of factors, which means that they are not universally available and that the claimant will therefore often be left to his remedy in damages. The discussions cover actions for the price or other agreed sum, the rule in White and Carter v McGregor, affirmation and anticipatory breach. The chapter goes on to discuss specific performance and injunctions and the tests of damages being inadequate, mutuality plus other factors such as personal service contracts and the relevance of the need for supervision.
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Taylor, Richard, et Damian Taylor. « 12. Specific remedies ». Dans Contract Law Directions, 327–44. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198870593.003.0012.

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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This chapter considers remedies that directly address the issue of providing the innocent party with the performance that was expected. Their use depends on a number of factors, which means that they are not universally available, and that the claimant will therefore often be left to his remedy in damages. The discussions cover actions for the price or other agreed sum, the rule in White and Carter v McGregor, affirmation and anticipatory breach. The chapter goes on to discuss specific performance and injunctions and the tests of damages being inadequate, mutuality plus other factors such as personal service contracts and the relevance of the need for supervision.
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Novitz, Tonia, et Margherita Pieraccini. « Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals : ‘Responsive, Inclusive, Participatory and Representative Decision-Making’ ? » Dans Legal Perspectives on Sustainability, 39–66. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201000.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the contemporary framing of sustainability in the context of the adoption of Agenda 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this setting, we consider the potential coherence and tensions between attempts to protect ‘people’ and the ‘planet’ while promoting ‘prosperity’, ‘peace’ and ‘partnership’. We begin by examining the identities and intentions of the policy actors engaged in formulating the SDGs, as revealed preparatory documentation. We then address the scope for debate (and even conflict) regarding the content of the SDGs and their interaction. Finally, we consider the processes created for supervision of SDG implementation at the UN level by the High Level Political Forum (HLPF). SDG 16 would seem to enable inclusive dialogue with diverse participants offering alternative knowledge bases for policy development, while SDG 17 conceives of a global partnership for development. The crucial question is whether the orchestration offered by the HLPF has that participatory potential.
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Davies, Paul S., et Graham Virgo. « 5. Charitable Purpose Trusts ». Dans Equity & ; Trusts, 173–281. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198821830.003.0005.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the charitable trust — its definition and the consequences of its failure. A charitable trust is defined as a public trust for purposes that provide a benefit to the public or a section of the public and is a trust subject to supervision by the Charity Commission. A trust is only considered charitable if it is established for a purpose that the law regards as charitable. The purposes of the trust must be wholly and exclusively charitable otherwise the trust will be void. The consequences of the charitable trust failing depend on whether the failure occurs initially or subsequently. If the purpose fails initially and the settlor had a general charitable intention, the trust property can be applied for a similar charitable purpose through the application of a body of rules known as the cy-pres doctrine. If the purpose fails subsequently the cy-pres doctrine will apply automatically.
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Christos, Hadjiemmanuil. « Part VI Reporting and Disclosures, 20 Applying Proportionality to the Prudential RegimeReporting and Disclosure Requirements for Smaller Banks ». Dans Capital and Liquidity Requirements for European Banks. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198867319.003.0020.

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This chapter investigates the demand for proportionate regulation, in response to the great wave of prudential reregulation that followed the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). This has resulted, not only to a significant tightening of the prudential requirements, but also to a drastic increase in the intensity and complexity of day-to-day supervision, including supervisory reporting. For smaller banks, the challenge is daunting and could have grave competitive implications. Their predicament has turned the necessity and proportionality of the new prudential requirements into a central theme of the banking regulatory debate. The chapter then looks at the technique used by the Capital Requirements Regulation (CRR) II to relieve the members of the newly established class of ‘small and non-complex institutions’ from excessive and unjustifiable regulatory burdens — in particular, those relating to supervisory reporting requirements and public disclosure obligations. It also considers the streamlining and integration of all information-related obligations of banking institutions to reduce the complexity of the existing system, eliminating duplicative reporting by institutions, and improving the accessibility and usability of regulatory information.
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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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Parrish, Alicia, Harsh Trivedi, Ethan Perez, Angelica Chen, Nikita Nangia, Jason Phang et Samuel Bowman. « Single-Turn Debate Does Not Help Humans Answer Hard Reading-Comprehension Questions ». Dans Proceedings of the First Workshop on Learning with Natural Language Supervision. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2022.lnls-1.3.

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Al-Badawi, Habib. « Sengo kenpo 1947 Vs. Meiji kenpo 1889 : comparative study ». Dans Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru : Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-20-37.

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This article is a comparative study between not only two manuscripts of constitutions of Japan, but also analytic research revealing all the cultural, ideological, and political aspects that led the Japanese authorities to adopt each of them. The Meiji Constitution was proclaimed in 1889 during the imperialistic phase of Japanese history where the country was named Empire of Greater Japan (大日本帝国), where Tokyo was a dominant world power. While the recent Constitution of Japan (日本国憲法) was issued in 1947 under the supervision of the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), which is eventually, a foreign occupation authority. Through the detailed analysis, premising, and reasoning this study will reveal the historical events that resulted those constitutions and will open the debate to discuss the future prospects of the Japanese armament attempts, which is confined and restricted by Article 9 (日本国憲法第9条).
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Fei, Dingzhou. « Revisiting the correlation between video game activity and working memory : evidence from machine learning ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002083.

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With the popularity of video games, more and more researchers are trying to understand the relationship between video game activity and cognitive abilities, and one of the important cognitive systems is working memory. Working memory is a limited capacity short-term memory system for processing currently active information and is an important predictor of goal-driven behavioral domains. Its scope of action includes, but is not limited to, fluid intelligence, verbal ability, and mathematical analysis.Due to the importance of working memory for the analysis of human behavior, numerous studies have attempted to describe the architecture and models of working memory. In general, models of working memory can be loosely categorized into content and process models, depending on their focus. The content model focuses on the static material of working memory, which includes mainly verbal and spatial visual material. The process model focuses on the dynamic processes of working memory and includes both Updating and Maintenance of memory.However, this area of research has also been the subject of debate among researchers.Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version). These disputes involve two main assumptions. According to the so-called core training hypothesis, a potential machine for improving cognitive ability through video games is provided by the so-called core training hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, repeated stress on the cognitive system will induce plastic changes in its neural matrix, leading to improved cognitive response performance. According to this hypothesis, repeated strains of the cognitive system can induce plastic changes in its neural matrix, which is an important reason for the improvement of performance. The other proposed basic mechanism is the meta-learning mechanism, that is, learning how to learn. According to this, video games (especially action games) can improve related motor control skills, such as rule learning, cognitive resource allocation, and probabilistic reasoning skills, which are used in many different situations.A recent study showed that the analysis of certain extreme groups showed that video game players performed better than non-game players in all three WM measurements, and that when extended to the entire sample, video game time and visual space WM and n-back performance. In general, the relationship between cognition and playing video games is very weak.This study used the Waris et al, 2019 dataset to re-investigate the correlation between video game activity and three different dimensions of working memory using seven different supervising learning models. It was concluded that video game activity was most highly correlated with the visuospatial component, slightly less correlated with the mnemonic updating component, and least correlated with the verbal component. This partly confirms Waris et al, 2019's view that the analytic method may be the key to the study.
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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Supervisione debole"

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Coelho Resende, Noelle, Renata Weber, Jardel Fischer Loeck, Mathias Vaiano Glens, Carolina Gomes, Priscila Farfan Barroso, Janine Targino, Emerson Elias Merhy, Leandro Dominguez Barretto et Carly Machado. Working Paper Series : Therapeutic Communities in Brazil. Sous la direction de Taniele Rui et Fiore Mauricio. Drugs, Security and Democracy Program, Social Science Research Council, juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35650/ssrc.2081.d.2021.

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Spread across Brazil and attaining an unparalleled political force, therapeutic communities are as inescapable in the debate on drug policy as they are complex to define. Although they are not a Brazilian creation, they have been operating in that country for decades, and their dissemination intensified in the 1990s. In 2011, they were officially incorporated into Brazil's Psychosocial Care Network (Rede de Atenção Psicossocial, or RAPS). Since then, therapeutic communities have been at the center of public debates about their regulation; about how they should—or even if they should—be a part of the healthcare system; about the level of supervision to which they should be submitted; about their sources of funding, particularly whether or not they should have access to public funding; and, most importantly, about the quality of the services they offer and the many reports of rights violation that have been made public. However, a well-informed public debate can only flourish if the available information is based on sound evidence. The SSRC’s Drugs, Security and Democracy Program is concerned with the policy relevance of the research projects it supports, and the debate around therapeutic communities in Brazil points to a clear need for impartial research that addresses different cross-cutting aspects of this topic in its various dimensions: legal, regulatory, health, and observance of human rights, among others. It is in this context that we publish this working paper series on therapeutic communities in Brazil. The eight articles that compose this series offer a multidisciplinary view of the topic, expanding and deepening the existing literature and offering powerful contributions to a substantive analysis of therapeutic communities as instruments of public policy. Although they can be read separately, it is as a whole that the strength of the eight articles that make up this series becomes more evident. Even though they offer different perspectives, they are complementary works in—and already essential for—delineating and understanding the phenomenon of therapeutic communities in Brazil.
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Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera - I semestre 2022. Banco de la República, mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem1-2022.

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El principal objetivo del Banco de la República es preservar la capacidad adquisitiva de la moneda, en coordinación con la política económica general, entendida como aquella que propende por estabilizar el producto y el empleo en sus niveles sostenibles de largo plazo. El adecuado cumplimiento del objetivo asignado al Banco por la Constitución de 1991 depende crucialmente del mantenimiento de la estabilidad financiera. Esta se entiende como una condición general con la cual el sistema financiero evalúa y administra los riesgos financieros de una manera que facilita el desempeño de la economía y la asignación eficiente de los recursos, a la vez que está en capacidad de absorber, disipar y mitigar de manera autónoma la materialización de los riesgos que pueden surgir como resultado de eventos adversos. El Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera cumple el objetivo de presentar el diagnóstico del Banco de la República sobre el desempeño reciente del sistema financiero y de sus deudores, así como sobre los principales riesgos y vulnerabilidades que podrían tener algún efecto sobre la estabilidad de la economía colombiana. Con este objetivo se pretende informar a los participantes en los mercados financieros y a la ciudadanía, y promover el debate público sobre las tendencias y los riesgos que afectan al sistema. Los resultados aquí presentados sirven también a la autoridad monetaria como base para la toma de decisiones que permiten promover la estabilidad financiera en el contexto general de sus objetivos. Esta edición marca el vigésimo aniversario del Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera, cuyo primer número fue publicado en julio de 2002. En estos veinte años el marco de política crediticia y macroprudencial en Colombia se ha fortalecido continuamente, al tiempo que la regulación y la supervisión financiera han seguido de cerca los estándares internacionales. Gracias a ello, desde 2002 el sistema financiero colombiano ha expandido sus servicios a la economía y ha sorteado diversas circunstancias económicas, manteniendo su solidez y estabilidad. A lo largo del tiempo, el Reporte de Estabilidad Financiera ha sido y continúa siendo objeto de actualización permanente por parte del Banco de la República, con el fin de mejorar su utilidad para el público en general. El análisis presentado en este Reporte permite concluir que en los últimos meses se ha consolidado la recuperación de la actividad crediticia en Colombia: el crédito se ha acelerado (en todas sus modalidades) y continúa la caída de los préstamos vencidos y riesgosos. Los establecimientos de crédito conservan indicadores de solvencia y liquidez cómodamente superiores a los mínimos establecidos en la regulación. El desempeño de los establecimientos de crédito y de las instituciones financieras no bancarias, en un contexto de mayor volatilidad en los mercados, refleja la solidez y la estabilidad del sistema financiero colombiano. Al tiempo, la conjunción de diversos acontecimientos globales y el comportamiento reciente del crédito configuran algunas vulnerabilidades para la estabilidad del sistema financiero. Primero, al igual que lo mencionado en la edición anterior del Reporte, en los últimos meses ha persistido la exposición de la economía colombiana y de las entidades financieras a cambios súbitos en las condiciones financieras globales, en un entorno de alta incertidumbre. Segundo, en meses recientes se ha observado una rápida aceleración del crédito a los hogares en Colombia, tanto en la categoría de vivienda como especialmente en la de consumo; la tendencia de aceleración del crédito podría eventualmente ocasionar fragilidades, si se tiene en cuenta que la razón de endeudamiento a ingreso disponible de los hogares se encuentra alrededor de su máximo histórico. En todo caso, los resultados presentados en este Reporte indican que el sistema financiero se muestra suficientemente resiliente a escenarios adversos en ambos frentes de vulnerabilidad. En cumplimiento de sus objetivos constitucionales y en coordinación con la red de seguridad del sistema financiero, el Banco de la República continuará monitoreando de cerca el panorama de estabilidad financiera en esta coyuntura y tomará aquellas decisiones que sean necesarias para garantizar el adecuado funcionamiento de la economía, facilitar los flujos de recursos suficientes de crédito y liquidez, y promover el buen funcionamiento del sistema de pagos. Leonardo Villar Gómez Gerente General ecuadro 1: Descalce cambiario negativo del sector real en Colombia en 2021 Autores:Álvaro David Carmona Duarte, Adrián Martínez Osorio y Jorge Niño Cuervo Recuadro 2: Resultados del programa de evaluación del sector financiero colombiano del Fondo Monetario Internacional y el Banco Mundial Autor: Daniel Osorio
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