Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Subjective vertical conflict theory »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Subjective vertical conflict theory"
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Chen, Wei, Jian-Gang Chao, Jin-Kun Wang, Xue-Wen Chen et Cheng Tan. « Subjective Vertical Conflict Theory and Space Motion Sickness ». Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 87, no 2 (1 février 2016) : 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.4327.2016.
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Khalid, Hassan, Osman Turan et Jelte E. Bos. « Theory of a subjective vertical–horizontal conflict physiological motion sickness model for contemporary ships ». Journal of Marine Science and Technology 16, no 2 (20 janvier 2011) : 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00773-010-0113-y.
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Ward, Bryan K., Christopher J. Bockisch, Nicoletta Caramia, Giovanni Bertolini et Alexander Andrea Tarnutzer. « Gravity dependence of the effect of optokinetic stimulation on the subjective visual vertical ». Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no 5 (1 mai 2017) : 1948–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00303.2016.
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Accurate and precise estimates of direction of gravity are essential for spatial orientation. According to Bayesian theory, multisensory vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input is centrally integrated in a weighted fashion based on the reliability of the component sensory signals. For otolithic input, a decreasing signal-to-noise ratio was demonstrated with increasing roll angle. We hypothesized that the weights of vestibular (otolithic) and extravestibular (visual/proprioceptive) sensors are roll-angle dependent and predicted an increased weight of extravestibular cues with increasing roll angle, potentially following the Bayesian hypothesis. To probe this concept, the subjective visual vertical (SVV) was assessed in different roll positions (≤ ± 120°, steps = 30°, n = 10) with/without presenting an optokinetic stimulus (velocity = ± 60°/s). The optokinetic stimulus biased the SVV toward the direction of stimulus rotation for roll angles ≥ ± 30° ( P < 0.005). Offsets grew from 3.9 ± 1.8° (upright) to 22.1 ± 11.8° (±120° roll tilt, P < 0.001). Trial-to-trial variability increased with roll angle, demonstrating a nonsignificant increase when providing optokinetic stimulation. Variability and optokinetic bias were correlated ( R2 = 0.71, slope = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.57–0.86). An optimal-observer model combining an optokinetic bias with vestibular input reproduced measured errors closely. These findings support the hypothesis of a weighted multisensory integration when estimating direction of gravity with optokinetic stimulation. Visual input was weighted more when vestibular input became less reliable, i.e., at larger roll-tilt angles. However, according to Bayesian theory, the variability of combined cues is always lower than the variability of each source cue. If the observed increase in variability, although nonsignificant, is true, either it must depend on an additional source of variability, added after SVV computation, or it would conflict with the Bayesian hypothesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Applying a rotating optokinetic stimulus while recording the subjective visual vertical in different whole body roll angles, we noted the optokinetic-induced bias to correlate with the roll angle. These findings allow the hypothesis that the established optimal weighting of single-sensory cues depending on their reliability to estimate direction of gravity could be extended to a bias caused by visual self-motion stimuli.
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Rousseau, Mary Beth, Franz Kellermanns, Thomas Zellweger et Tammy E. Beck. « Relationship Conflict, Family Name Congruence, and Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms ». Family Business Review 31, no 4 (1 août 2018) : 397–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894486518790425.
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We investigate how family relationship conflict and family and firm name congruence influence subjective firm valuations by family firm owner-managers. Drawing on the socioemotional wealth perspective, behavioral agency theory and mixed gamble reasonings, we hypothesize and find a U-shaped association between relationship conflict inside the family firm and subjective firm valuation. While we do not find a direct effect between name congruence and subjective firm valuation, we show that name congruence interacts with relationship conflict to affect valuations in a complex fashion. Implications and contributions of our findings are discussed.
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Cooney, Mark, et Scott Phillips. « When Will Academics Contest Intellectual Conflict ? » Socius : Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 3 (1 janvier 2017) : 237802311771309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023117713099.
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Academics have conflicts over ideas with some regularity, yet they contest only some of them. When will they do so? We draw on a theory of conflict management developed by Donald Black and others to explain the response to intellectual conflict. Drawing on interviews with 70 professors at two universities, we find that the contestation of intellectual conflicts is predicted by their social geometry. Academics are more likely to contest conflicts over the validity, ownership, and production of ideas when the conflict spans greater distances in relational and functional space, originates from a lower elevation in vertical space, and is a larger actual or potential change in vertical space.
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Alexander, Amy L., et Christopher D. Wickens. « Does Workload Modulate the Difference between Cockpit Traffic Display Formats ? » Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no 1 (septembre 2002) : 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600101.
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Eighteen certified flight instructors from the University of Illinois Institute of Aviation participated in an experiment exploring the format of the Cockpit Display of Traffic Information for free flight traffic avoidance maneuvers. Pilots flew a sequence of flight scenarios to compare the effects of traffic load, display dimensionality (3D vs. 2D coplanar), and a vertical profile orientation on maneuver choice, conflict avoidance performance, and maneuver efficiency. The highest levels of workload induced more combined lateral/vertical maneuvers, degraded safety on the 2D coplanar displays, and degraded efficiency regardless of display type. In the context of an overwhelming preference for vertical maneuvers, the 3D display increased the frequency of the less-safe descent maneuvers (relative to climbs) and increased subjective workload, while the 2D rear-view display decreased the vertical efficiency of all maneuvers, relative to its side-view counterpart.
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Zulham, Khairina AR., Jummaini et Ristati. « Objective-Subjective in Political Economy Communication Conflict within Legislature and Aceh Government ». International Journal of Qualitative Research 2, no 1 (27 juillet 2022) : 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijqr.v2i1.594.
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Interest will make someone selective in responding to or living a message. People will only pay attention to stimuli that have to do with their interests. The executive and legislative interests are power. The problem raised is that the achievement of power can be achieved by establishing effective communication. Collapsed communication between the executive and the legislature tends to lead to conflicts in the economy and politics. Based on this phenomenon, the author raises the issue of the occurrence of political economy communication conflicts between the two regional institutions. This research was conducted in Aceh, the approach used was qualitative using objective-subjective barrier theory, conflict theory, communication, communication conflict, and political economy. This study aims to determine the problems that arise in the political economy conflict. This research was conducted using observation and interview techniques. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study are: prejudice is a factor in communication conflict. The lack of transparency and the governor's reluctance to sit down with members of the Aceh legislature to discuss regional and financial policies are considered by the council as a strategy by the governor to take advantage of the unilateral use of the budget.
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Brown, Erika L., Heiko Hecht et Laurence R. Young. « Sensorimotor aspects of high-speed artificial gravity : I. Sensory conflict in vestibular adaptation ». Journal of Vestibular Research 12, no 5-6 (1 août 2003) : 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ves-2003-125-607.
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Short-radius centrifugation offers a promising and affordable countermeasure to the adverse effects of prolonged weightlessness. However, head movements made in a fast rotating environment elicit Coriolis effects, which seriously compromise sensory and motor processes. We found that participants can adapt to these Coriolis effects when exposed intermittently to high rotation rates and, at the same time, can maintain their perceptual-motor coordination in stationary environments. In this paper, we explore the role of inter-sensory conflict in this adaptation process. Different measures (vertical nystagmus, illusory body tilt, motion sickness) react differently to visual-vestibular conflict and adapt differently. In particular, proprioceptive-vestibular conflict sufficed to adapt subjective parameters and the time constant of nystagmus decay, while retinal slip was required for VOR gain adaptation. A simple correlation between the strength of intersensory conflict and the efficacy of adaptation fails to explain the data. Implications of these findings, which differ from existing data for low rotation rates, are discussed.
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Nikovskaya, Larissa. « Sociology of political conflict ». Political Science (RU), no 3 (2020) : 34–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2020.03.02.
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The article deals with the sociological aspects of the analysis of political conflict related to the socio-structural and subjective foundations of political processes and relations. It is shown that many problems and contradictions in the social sphere, such as social polarization, excessive inequality, poverty and violation of the principles of social justice, deprivation of basic needs and interests, unstable labor employment significantly determine the field of politics and are projected on the object and subject of political conflict, weighing down their course and positive outcomes. The insolubility of social problems and contradictions, their encapsulation cause either a decrease in the population's interest in politics, in the effectiveness of democratic institutions, contribute to the widening of the gap between the «private» and «public», generate a sense of political alienation and powerlessness, or push to meet basic needs beyond the existing social norms and political institutions, to destructive forms of resolving political conflicts, which leads to a loss of control of society and social catastrophe. The sociological analysis of conflict interactions based on the predominance of horizontal connections and relationships contributes more to maintaining a dynamic balance in society and realizing the positive potential of political conflict, as it differs in flexible intra-group connections and mobile inter-group barriers in the socio-political system. Excessive class divisions and inequality tend to vertical polarization of society, which strengthens the «discontinuous» lines of interaction between the «top» and «bottom», makes the dichotomy «rule-submission» rigid, and reduces the possibilities of dialogical plasticity and flexibility of the political system.
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Khalid, Hassan, Osman Turan, Jelte E. Bos et Atilla Incecik. « Application of the subjective vertical–horizontal-conflict physiological motion sickness model to the field trials of contemporary vessels ». Ocean Engineering 38, no 1 (janvier 2011) : 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2010.09.008.
Texte intégralThèses sur le sujet "Subjective vertical conflict theory"
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Certosini, Cesare. « Human-vehicle interaction in automated vehicles : the issue of carsickness ». Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1234743.
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Motion Sickness (MS) is an issue of most transportation systems. Several countermeasures to this problem in cars are proposed in the literature, but most of them are qualitative, behavioural or involving complex chassis systems. Autonomous Driving (AD) can exacerbate the problem of MS due to the change from driver to passenger with the consequent loss of control over the vehicle. With the growing interest in self-driven vehicles, the issue of MS may be so important as to undermine their benefits in terms of increased productivity; not addressing this issue may limit the users’ acceptance reducing the safety and the environmental impact of autonomous vehicles.
In this thesis, the issue of carsickness is discussed, analysing the potential technologies to monitor MS in cars and discussing their feasibility.
After the analysis of the monitoring technologies, in the final part of the manuscript, the issue of reducing MS in cars is analysed, proposing optimal methods for carsickness reduction. To optimise the vehicle behaviour, two Model Predictive Control (MPC) problems are formulated to analyse the potential impact in different applications of optimal MS reduction techniques.
The first task is to find the optimal speed profile to travel on a given path while trading-off between minimal travel time and minimal Motion Sickness Incidence (MSI); in this part, several strategies are proposed and analysed comparing their performance. This novel methodology may be used in autonomous cars to create a reference velocity profile for lower control layers or, in human-driven ones, to advise the driver.
The second task applies only to autonomous vehicles, implementing the MS optimisation in the motion planning layer; a trajectory optimisation problem is solved using the best performing strategies of the optimal speed profile task.
The results show that optimising vehicle behaviour may significantly reduce the MSI, improving the user experience in cars; furthermore, the wider possibilities offered by autonomous cars allow for further reduction of MSI.
The optimal methodologies proposed and the strategies used are the main contribution of this doctoral thesis; the coherency of the results in the different cases analysed suggests that these strategies have a general validity for MS reduction.
In the conclusions chapter, the impact of these methods is discussed; possible ways of integrating MS monitoring technology into the proposed reduction techniques are analysed.
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Cooke, Kevin. « Essays on the influence of experience and environment on behavior ». Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33065.
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This dissertation explores how experience and environment impact behavior. In the first chapter, I provide behavioral foundations for a model of taste uncertainty with endogenous learning through consumption. In this setting, uncertainty is over an unobservable, subjective state space. Preference over lottery-menu pairs is sufficient to identify the state space and the learning process. In this model, the agent is viewed as if he learns the utility of an object upon its consumption. This information is used to improve choice from the follow-on menu. This implies a trade-off between consumption value and information leading to experimentation. I provide a behavioral definition of experimentation. While the literature focuses on identifying subjective states through a demand for flexibility, I show that experimentation also (partially) identifies taste uncertainty.
The second chapter explores the potential for social networks to affect decisions of political leaders. To this end we construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths of network important individuals. These deaths are associated with substantial increases in the frequency and duration of war. We provide evidence that these deaths affect conflict only through changing the kinship network. Over our period of interest, the percentage of European monarchs with kinship ties increased threefold. Together, these findings help explain the well-documented decrease in European war frequency.
The final chapter builds on the robust finding from the psychology literature that the co-presentation of products causes consumers to associate them. Associated products are evaluated more similarly. Supposing that agents behave according to this evidence, I axiomatically derive a tractable utility model of this association effect. In an application, I study a two-product monopolist that can strategically choose whether or not to offer his products under the same brand. I demonstrate that psychological association can provide strict incentives for either brand extension or brand differentiation depending on the distribution of product valuations in the market. Appropriate branding strategies allow firms to extract more surplus from consumers when psychological association is present.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Subjective vertical conflict theory"
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Schilling, Denise Lynn, Kelley Sharp et Reid Waldman. « Moving From Vertical to Horizontal ». Dans Building a Patient-Centered Interprofessional Education Program, 35–45. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3066-5.ch002.
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Unconscious bias impacts the ability to engage with interprofessional education activities. This bias comes in many forms and occurs for a variety of reasons. This chapter reviews the types of bias that frequently plague IPE and reviews common theories explaining this bias. Theories discussed in this chapter include social identity theory, realistic conflict theory, and Allport's contact theory. The purpose of this chapter is to assist readers with improving IPE engagement and help promote healthier communication among members of the healthcare team.
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Moyar, Dean. « Value and the Expressive Conditions of the Subjective Will ». Dans Hegel's Value, 150–88. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532539.003.0005.
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This chapter analyzes the pivotal “Morality” section that makes subjective rights and universal welfare essential to the overall conception of justice. It is shown that Hegel’s analysis of the “deed” motivates the move to intentional action in which subjective value and the right to satisfaction come to the fore. The tension between objective and subjective value in the intention leads to the decisive conflict of abstract right and morality in the “right of necessity.” With the Basic Argument template it is shown why the right of necessity leads to an all-encompassing conception of value, the Good, that Hegel calls “the final purpose of the world.” The treatment of formal and true conscience is read in dialogue with the theory of justification that John Rawls calls reflective equilibrium. The chapter argues that conscience is the individual justification akin to reflective equilibrium, and that the transition out of “Morality” highlights the deficiencies of the individual (as opposed to institutional) reflective equilibrium model.
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Lidén, Kristoffer, et Elida K. U. Jacobsen. « The local is everywhere : a post-colonial reassessment of cultural sensitivity in conflict governance ». Dans Cultures of Governance and Peace. Manchester University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719099557.003.0007.
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Chapter six discuss the notion of ‘the local‘ through the history of governance in colonial and post-colonial India. The authors focus on ability of liberal governance to adapt to local culture. They discuss Ilan Kapoor's integration of postcolonial theory with debates on development and use this to identify what could make the liberal peacebuilders more open towards the idea of greater inclusion of local voices. The authors suggest that emphasis should be put on socio-cultural sensitivity. This entails that the international interveners should familiarize themselves with the context as much as possible. They invite critical analysis of the main issues at stake, which would be aimed against relevant theoretical debates. The authors also call for attention to the distribution of resources that are usually limited in conflict settings. They conclude that as long as subjective norms and interests of the peacebuilders are harmonised with local culture and practices - not creating tensions - they can be legitimately promoted.
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Chakhava, Ketevan. « Conflicts in the Modern World and Their Impact on International Security ». Dans World Politics and the Challenges for International Security, 108–31. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9586-2.ch004.
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The central problem of the theory of international relations is the problem of international conflicts. And this is quite justified, if we bear in mind the goal that has been objectively facing all of humanity in recent decades – this is survival, the prevention of a global thermonuclear catastrophe. Since any armed clash is only an extreme expression of a political conflict, its highest stage, insofar as the study of the causes of conflicts and methods of their settlement, especially at those stages when it is still relatively easy to carry out, has not only theoretical but also great practical importance. An international conflict is a direct or indirect clash of interests of two or more parties (states, groups of states, peoples, political movements) based on the contradictions of an objective or subjective nature between them. By their origin, these contradictions and the problems they generate in relations between states can be territorial, national, religious, economic, military-strategic, scientific and technical, etc.
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Fiore, Alessio. « Pacts ». Dans The Seigneurial Transformation, 178–98. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825746.003.0008.
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It deals with pacts, local bi-lateral agreements that filled the void left by the collapse of a universally-recognized central power. Like oaths of fidelity these could also be between social equals or superiors/inferiors; horizontal or vertical. They begin to be recorded in substantial numbers from c.1080, especially in the regions where the Investitures Conflict/Civil War created a situation of war and fear. In Po Plain they don’t appear until the first decade of the twelfth century. Generally speaking there is deep connection between pacts and conflict—either between the two parties involved or with a third party not included in the pact. There is interesting comment about the possible realities behind the formal ceremonies and language of pacts, for example stratagems for allowing defeated parties to ‘save face’. All of this is generally accompanied by ritual. There is an interesting section at the end of this chapter discussing the implications of pacts and the reasons for proliferation, utilizing social theory and drawing parallels with other periods and areas. In Italy it is not just that state power was ‘privatized’ as in France, but entirely new forms, structures and idioms of social relations, amongst which were pacts, emerged.
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Benner, Dietrich, Andrea English et Tao Peng. « Herbart, Johann Friedrich (1776–1841) ». Dans Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London : Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-dc039-2.
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Johann Friedrich Herbart was born on 4 May 1776 in Oldenburg and died on 14 August 1841 in Göttingen. He was a German philosopher, educator, and psychologist who studied with Johann Gottlieb Fichte, among others, in Jena from 1794 to 1796/97. He interrupted his studies for a period of time to work as a private tutor in Switzerland and, in 1802, completed his doctorate and habilitation exam at the University of Göttingen. In 1809, he accepted the offer to become a successor to Kant’s chair at the University of Königsberg. There, he worked together with Friedrich Schleiermacher on the Prussian educational reform led by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Twenty-five years later, he returned to Göttingen, where he taught as a professor of philosophy from 1833 until his death. In this function as professor of philosophy he continued to give lectures on pedagogy. In 1838, as Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy, he distanced himself from the Hanoverian constitutional conflict that involved seven professors, including the historian, Friedrich Christoph Dahlman, and the German literary scholars, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. These seven professors, known as the ’Göttinger Sieben’ [Göttingen Seven], refused to take the oath on the new constitution, a result of King Ernst August reclaiming his ancestral monarchical rights in 1833 and repealing the constitutional monarchy established by his predecessor. Herbart’s role in this dispute has been interpreted in different ways. Some criticise the fact that he did not take sides with the Göttingen Seven, while others acknowledge that he saved the university from being closed down by the king. Herbart worked on topics across the field of philosophy, including metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, psychology, ethics, and pedagogy. In several aspects of his philosophy he agreed with Immanuel Kant, however, he also advocated for extending Kant’s theories. For example, he advocated for a pluralisation of the categorical imperative into individual and practical ideas, as well as a new version of aesthetics that expanded Kant’s Critique of Judgement. At the same time, Herbart wanted to overcome Kant’s dualism between transcendental philosophy and modern science. He developed a theory of ‘realia’ that aimed to move beyond Kant’s distinction between the intelligible world – the ‘thing-in-itself’ [Ding an sich]– and the world of phenomena, as well as a theory of psychology that was both speculative and mathematical. He hoped to advance psychology in a way comparable to the contributions of Newton and others to the natural sciences. While Herbart’s mathematical psychology did not have a lasting impact on the field, he also developed an educational psychology, which did. His educational psychology encompassed a theory of pedagogy which differentiated between teaching and learning, as well as between an individual’s objective and subjective character. The first distinction – between teaching and learning – he defined as the subject of pedagogy, and the latter distinction – between objective and subjective character – as a matter for ethics. For Herbart, the objective character is a necessary result of an individual’s past actions, which are held in the individual’s ‘memory of the will’ [Gedächtnis des Willens]. The individual’s subjective character is able to reflectively judge his or her objective character and thereby have a formative influence on the individual’s further development. Herbart’s concepts of ‘memory of the will’ and ‘repression’ [Verdrängung] influenced the Austrian psychologist Theodor Meynert, who was one of Sigmund Freud’s teachers. These concepts shaped the development of psychoanalysis in its aim to bring forgotten memories back into one’s consciousness in order to make psychological disorders treatable.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Subjective vertical conflict theory"
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Yunus, Ilhan, Fikri Farhan Witjaksono, Elif Naz Başokur, Jenny Jerrelind et Lars Drugge. « Analysis of human perception models for motion sickness in autonomous driving ». Dans 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002473.
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Autonomous vehicle technologies are rapidly growing and are expected to change transportation habits radically. Autonomous cars increase the likelihood of motion sickness by allowing everyone in the vehicle to become passengers and perform non-driving tasks such as reading, working, and socializing. Comfort is one of the critical factors in the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This makes accurate estimation of motion sickness a necessity in the development stages of autonomous vehicles. The sensory conflict theory is a widely accepted theory that explains the mechanism of motion sickness. Computational models based on the sensory conflict theory are used to predict motion sickness and contain two main parts: a human perception model and a nonlinear fitting function to the subjective feeling of motion sickness. Models of the human perception, including the dynamics of the vestibular system, are used to calculate the difference between sensory inputs and the predicted motions in the brain, i.e. the conflict signal, which is the primary cause of motion sickness. One of the main limitations of motion sickness prediction is how to mathematically model human perception because of the complexity of the psychophysiological systems. The aim of this work is to implement and analyse different human perception modelling techniques, such as observer framework in the control theory and optimal estimator approach using Kalman filters, to evaluate their abilities to integrate with motion sickness prediction. In this study, the different human perception models are implemented and analysed using MATLAB / Simulink and the advantages, as well as disadvantages of the models, are discussed.
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Guo, Shenggang, Zhiling Yuan, Fenghe Wu, Yongxin Li, Shaoshuai Wang, Shunshun Qin et Qingjin Peng. « TRIZ Application in Bionic Modeling for Lightweight Design of Machine Tool Column ». Dans ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85516.
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The selection of biomimetic prototypes mostly depends on the subjective observation of a designer. This research uses TRIZ to explore some inferential steps in bionic design of the heavy machine tool column. Conflict resolution theory of TRIZ is applied to describe improved and deteriorated parameters and a contradiction matrix is used to obtain recommended inventive principles. A reference table of solutions corresponding to the biological phenomenon and TRIZ solutions is formed to expedite retrieving the biomimetic object. Based on the table, herbaceous hollow stem is selected to imitate column structure. Four kinds of plant are chosen from the biological database. To select the best from four candidates, a bionic ideality evaluation index is proposed based on similarity analysis and ideality evaluation theory in TRIZ. Thus, the bionic effect can be described and compared quantitatively. Bionic configuration is then evolved concerning manufacturing requirements. Size optimization of stiffener thicknesses is implemented finally, and satisfactory results of the lightweight effect is obtained.