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1
Sanders, Ryya Aviva. "Methodological embodiments : psychical corporeal performances of subjective specific auto(erotic)-representations." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2697.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A great deal of critical attention has been paid over the last twenty years at least to the relation of 'self and 'Other'. But what happens when the external 'other' is displaced to the periphery of the concerns of textual production? In order to explore this question Methodological Embodiments employs an interdisciplinary praxis that is not limited to the classic model of written theory. At the same time, it does not negate this form that has historical and ideological precedence within an academic context. The aim of this thesis is to juxtapose written theory with artistic practices in order to initiate, develop and represent a dialogue between subjectivity and methods of theoretical engagement. The performative negotiation between the embodied experience of the practitioner and the investigative forms constitute a tripartite relation that implicates 'performance' as a third term in the methodological formulation. The final submission includes 1) a written dissertation, Methodological Embodiments: Psychical Corporeal Performances of Subjective Specific Auto[erotic]-Representations; 2) an exhibition, I:Matter; and 3) the live performance, I:Do. My thesis argues for, and enacts, a positive framing of individual embodied experience within a dialogue between linguistic and artistic practices. Academia has traditionally privileged the written word in the definition of 'theory'. This has limited the understanding of how meaning is made and how the subject as scholar is implicated within the production of knowledge. At the same time, within classic psychoanalysis, subjectivity has also come to be understood through, and in relation to, language. While language clearly has a significant part to play in the making of both theory and a/the subject, it must be situated in relation to individual embodiment. Classic psychoanalysis falls short of this insofar as it fails to take into account the implications of sexual difference. This neglect has resulted in the construction of phallocentric frameworks that not only misrepresent women as a 'model' of disease and lack, but problematically foreclose the possibility of symbolic agency for a/the woman. The relation between materiality and image as regards representation is significant to these discourses of subjectivity, language and art, respectively and at the points in which they overlap. Throughout the thesis many specific terms and concepts have been either coined or reappropriated in order to situate and accurately define the concerns of my work. Two important examples are cited here. First, my recourse to the psychoanalytic term psychical corporeality, which suggests that embodiment simultaneously informs and inscribes the psychical perceptions of the subject in relation to surrounding environments and a sense of self. Secondly, in place of the psychoanalytic use of Narcissism is my use of autoeroticism that seeks to re-define the literary genre of autobiography and the traditional understanding of self-portraiture in the visual arts, to what I have called auto[erotic] - representation(s) within my own textual production.
2
Ferhani, Ouamar. "Développement et validation d'un critère d'évaluation des performances d'un système d'imagerie destiné au renseignement." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066116.
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Bartoletti, Roxane. "Etudes des influences de musiques et d'odeurs sur les performances exécutives et les ressentis de performances d'adultes jeunes et âgé·e·s : Vers une approche personnalisée des environnements uni et multisensoriels." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2014.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Ecouter de la musique en travaillant, et diffuser des odeurs pour favoriser l'immersion dans une ambiance studieuse sont des comportements fréquents. Pourtant, l'influence de ces stimuli sur les ressentis de performances et les performances cognitives est encore en discussion dans la communauté scientifique. Cette absence de consensus pourrait être expliquée par l'aspect plurifactoriel des environnements multisensoriels, mais également par une méconnaissance des habitudes sensorielles d'adultes d'âges différents. Cette thèse tente de répondre à ces objectifs par le biais de 5 études expérimentales. Les habitudes musicales et olfactives pour se concentrer des adultes jeunes et âgé·e·s ont été caractérisées dans les 2 premières études, avec des différences (fréquence de diffusion, matériel utilisé, etc.) et des similitudes observées (genres musicaux et types d'odeurs préférés, etc.). Une 3ème étude a mis en avant des correspondances affectives entre des stimuli sensoriels olfactifs et musicaux par les adultes jeunes et âgé·e·s. Ainsi, des listes de musiques et d'odorants catégorisés en fonction de l'agréabilité, de l'intensité, de la familiarité, et de la favorabilité à se concentrer ont été obtenues. Une 4ème étude a permis de valider 6 formes alternatives de la PGNG (une tâche évaluant les fonctions exécutives) mobilisant les fonctions exécutives et la vitesse de traitement de l'information, et utilisées dans l'étude 5. Enfin, la 5ème étude montre que la favorabilité perçue et la personnalisation des environnements sensoriels amélioraient les performances subjectives (motivation, sentiment de compétence, concentration, etc.) et objectives (précision et variabilité des temps de réponses) des participant·e·s. L'ensemble de ces études contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l'influence des environnements sensoriels sur nos performances exécutives, et contribue à la réflexion de l'importance de la personnalisation des stimuli sensoriels dans le cadre de la performance cognitive<br>Listening to music while working and diffusing scents to encourage immersion in a studious atmosphere are common behaviors. However, the influence of these stimuli on perceived and cognitive performance is still debated among researchers This lack of consensus could be explained by the multi-factorial aspects of multisensory environments, but also by a lack of knowledge of the sensory habits of adults of different ages. This thesis attempts to give new insights into these knowledge gaps through 5 experimental studies. The musical and olfactory habits when concentrating of young and older adults were characterized in the 1st and 2nd studies, and differences (frequency of diffusion, equipment used, etc.) and similarities (preferred musical genres and types of odors, etc.) were observed. The 3rd study highlighted affective correspondences between olfactory and musical sensory stimuli among young and older adults. Thus, lists of music and olfactory molecules categorized according to pleasantness, intensity, familiarity, and favorability to concentration were obtained. The 4th study validated 6 alternative forms of the Parametric Go/No-Go task mobilizing executive functions and information processing speed that were used in the final study. Finally, the 5th study showed that perceived favorability and personalization of sensory environments improved participants' subjective and objective performances, but only on certain variables. Taken together, these studies contribute to a better understanding of the influence of sensory environments on our executive performances, and to the development of personalizing sensory stimuli in the context of cognitive performance
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Lebar, Charles. "Perceptions de connaissance et mémorisation d'information : dans quelles conditions se croire ignorant améliore nos performances de mémorisation ?" Phd thesis, HEC, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00889622.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La connaissance subjective renvoie à la perception que porte un individu sur sa connaissance dans un domaine donné. La recherche suivante étudie l'influence d'une manipulation de la connaissance subjective sur les stratégies de traitement et de mémorisation de l'information. Dans notre première étude, nous montrons que l'estime de soi du consommateur joue un rôle modérateur dans la relation entre manipulation de la connaissance subjective et différentes mesures de mémorisation de l'information. Dans une deuxième étude, nous identifions des mécanismes modérateurs et des limites aux effets identifiés. La troisième étude spécifie l'étendu de cet effet de mémorisation. Enfin, la dernière étude étend la validité de nos résultats en adoptant un autre type de manipulation de connaissance subjective et en s'intéressant à un autre domaine de connaissance. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées et des pistes de recherches futures sont proposées
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Pagliarecci, Nico. "On the understanding of the vehicle-driver interaction using the objectification of subjective assessment : application to the tire development process." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH4104.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Le pneu est fortement impliqué dans les performances d'un véhicule. La consommation de carburant du véhicule (résistance au roulement, aérodynamisme), le bruit, le confort, la tenue de route et la sécurité sont liés au pneumatique choisi. En utilisant des mesures objectives, il est possible de prédire certaines de ces caractéristiques, mais pour d'autres comme la manipulation, nous ne pouvons pas vraiment prédire l'évaluation subjective faite par des pilotes d'essai expérimentés. La méthodologie essai/erreur est parfois appliquée pour identifier le potentiel des pneus et évaluer les performances des pneus en fonction de conceptions et de caractéristiques mécaniques spécifiques.Aujourd'hui, dans l'industrie automobile, l'évaluation des performances de conduite des véhicules et des pneus est encore largement réalisée sur une base subjective par des conducteurs d'essai expérimentés. Ceci est justifié par le fait que la perception par les clients des performances du véhicule est également subjective et qu'aucune relation fiable n'a été trouvée pour relier les mesures objectives des performances à la perception humaine des performances.Une revue de littérature approfondie sur l'objectivation de l'évaluation subjective, l'interaction véhicule-conducteur, la simulation de la dynamique du véhicule et l'analyse de données multivariée exploratoire ainsi que les tests d'hypothèses statistiques est la première étape de la recherche visant à étudier les méthodologies, l'analyse des données et les outils statistiques. utilisé par d'autres chercheurs.Sur la base de la revue de la littérature, la thèse propose une méthodologie qui permet de traduire des évaluations subjectives en métriques objectives (environnement véhicule ainsi qu'environnement véhicule-pneu) permettant la prédiction du résultat d'un test subjectif en utilisant des mesures objectives conduisant à une réduction de les itérations au cours du processus de développement du pneu. Le choix de la complexité du modèle de dynamique du véhicule le plus pertinent décrit les principales caractéristiques mécaniques du pneu affectant les performances de tenue de route et leur effet sur les métriques objectives d'intérêt.Des manœuvres expérimentales spécifiques de la dynamique du véhicule ont été sélectionnées pour cette étude dans le but de dévoiler la complexité de l'évaluation subjective de la maniabilité sans être simpliste et en prêtant attention à l'interconnexion des différentes variables et à leur interaction avec les facteurs contextuels.Dans le cadre de l'étude de corrélation mentionnée ci-dessus, le rôle du conducteur dans le système conducteur-véhicule est étudié. Les résultats présentés montrent qu'avec la méthodologie choisie, il est possible de mieux comprendre la stratégie de test du conducteur en identifiant les principales réponses du véhicule affectant toutes les étapes de l'évaluation subjective.Pour approfondir et renforcer la compréhension du rôle du conducteur, deux études de panel impliquant des conducteurs professionnels et non professionnels ont été réalisées. Celles-ci ont permis l'étude et l'analyse de l'interaction véhicule-conducteur en termes de proprioception et de vision, d'influences audiovisuelles et de séquelles en mouvement<br>The tire is heavily involved in the performance of a vehicle. Vehicle's fuel consumption (rolling resistance, aerodynamics), noise, comfort, handling and safety are related to the tire chosen. By using objective measurements, it is possible to predict some of those features but for some others like handling we cannot really predict the subjective evaluation made by experienced test drivers. Trial/error methodology is sometimes applied to identify tire potential and to gauge the tire performance related to specific designs and mechanical characteristics.Today, in the automotive industry, the evaluation of vehicle and tire handling performance is still largely performed on a subjective basis by experienced test drivers. This is justified by the fact that customer perception of vehicle performance is also made subjectively and, no reliable relationship has been found to relate objective performance measures to the human perception of performance.An extensive literature review on the objectification of subjective assessment, the vehicle-driver interaction, the vehicle dynamics simulation and the explorative multivariate data analysis as well as statistical hypothesis testing is the first research step aimed to investigate the methodologies, the data analytics and statistical tools used by other researchers.Based on the literature review, the thesis proposes a methodology that allows to translate subjective evaluations into objective metrics (vehicle environment as well as vehicle-tire environment) enabling the prediction of the outcome of a subjective test by using objective measurements leading to a reduction of the iterations during the tire development process. The choice of the most relevant vehicle dynamics model’s complexity depicts the main tire mechanical features affecting the handling performance and their effect on the objective metrics of interest. Specific experimental vehicle dynamics maneuvers have been selected for this study with the aim of unpacking the complexity of the subjective handling assessment without being simplistic and paying attention to interconnectedness of the different variables and their interplay with contextual factors.In the frame of the above-mentioned correlation study, the role of the driver in the driver-vehicle system is investigated. The results presented show that, with the chosen methodology, it is possible to gain insights on the driver’s testing strategy identifying the main vehicle responses affecting all the stages of the subjective evaluation. To deepen and strengthen the understanding of the driver’s role, two panel studies involving professional and non-professional drivers have been carried out. Those allowed the study and analysis of the vehicle-driver interaction in terms of proprioception and vision, audio-visual influences and aftereffects in motion
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Luotonen, David, and Markus Hasselström. "Subjective and objective performance assessment : Performance pay at Trelleborg Forsheda AB." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9660.
Texte intégralRésumé :
<p> </p><p>The purpose of this thesis is to understand the opinions and potential effects of objective and subjective assessments of performance as a basis for performance pay for blue-collar workers.</p><p>The study takes a qualitative approach to find out how and why four companies - Trelleborg Forsheda, Finnveden Powertrain, Isaberg Rapid and Parker Hannifin- work with salaries, incentive system and performance assessment the way they do.</p><p>The concept of individual salary is central in this thesis, and individual salary is based on four criteria; capabilities, performance, work demand and formal competence. These can be divided in subjective or objective criteria. Individual salaries also contribute to salary divergence, which in many studies have indicated higher performance. Important to remember is that it has to exist a purpose to salary divergence and how salary is diverged in the company is related to the goals and strategy of the company. If the company chooses to have performance based salaries- which is salary divergence- another question arise; what is good performance?</p><p>In organizations that have performance salaries, a group or an individual (often the middle manager) have to decide if a certain group of personnel performs good or bad. This can mainly be done in two different ways; objective performance assessment or subjective performance assessment. Objective performance assessment is based on numerical calculation of measures, which will form the basis for rewarding employees using a salary system that reward performance. Subjective performance measurements are based on judgment. Instead of relying on numerical calculations, one evaluates if the results reflect good or bad performance.</p><p>For both methods it is essential that the personnel feels that the salaries are fair, and that the salary system is clear and easy to understand. Something else that is important to understand is that employer and employee have different views in what is a fair salary.</p><p>Objective assessments are based on numerical calculations of measures, and one important property such measures have is that they don’t leave any room for excuses. Research indicate that performance pay has important motivation enhancing effects, but the profitability doesn’t always benefit from it. When monitoring costs are high, or product quality or long term thinking is required, hourly wages may be preferable. Tasks which are measured, will naturally be prioritized by the organization. This means that the choice of measures is very important. The amount of measures mustn’t be too high, and they have to be carefully considered. Subjective assessments are the opposite to objective ones. The advantages with subjective performance assessments are, among other things, that additional information which have surfaced during the period of measurements can be taken into consideration, errors in the measurement process can be corrected and unlucky circumstances can be dealt with. However, problems exist in unfair assessments, which are based on prejudice.</p><p>Findings in this report shows that profitable companies have large differences in their salary systems. This is also supported by other research. The company Isaberg Rapid AB only uses objective criteria, focused on simplicity and group rewards. Finnveden Powertrain on the other hand, has a system focused on individuals and subjective assessments. Some conclusions could be drawn; one of the most important being that connections between the type of activities and the salary system is positive, and that salary systems have to be updated and revised continuously.</p><p> </p>
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Woods, Alexander. "Subjective adjustments to objective performance measures an empirical examination in complex work settings /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
Trouver le texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Accounting and Information Systems, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 2, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-77). Also issued in print.
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Hernandez, William. "Minority Bias in Supervisor Ratings: Comparing Subjective Ratings and Objective Measures of Job Performance." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1357927094.
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Statham, Andrew. "Subjective and objective assessment of tennis racket performance play." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/4080.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Assessment of wielded implement performance is important to a variety of human endeavours and often critical to success in a sports context, particularly so in the game of tennis. Tennis racket design and manufacture is a multimillion business involving 10 major international companies. Tennis participation is currently estimated at around 60 million individuals worldwide. Thus the importance of optimum racket performance to maximise competitive advantage and minimise the risks of injury is clear. This thesis presents work to enable advances in tennis racket performance with respect to player feel perception, measurement of physical phenomena and the correlation of these aspects within real play contexts. To investigate feel perception a methodology was adapted from the existing literature. Interview testing was conducted to elicit a comprehensive range of tennis specific vocabulary. The end goal was to create a perception relationship map or 'feel map'. The inductive analysis was used to link all the related clustered themes identified from the vocabulary to sub and base themes describing the relationship. Further analysis introduced higher level general dimensions that unified common base themes. The resulting feel maps were created from both English and German sample groups, with a view to subsequent comparison. To complete the map and broaden its application a wide scale questionnaire was distributed to a tennis playing population. The responses provided data indicating percentile use of selected vocabulary within the tennis community and the relative importance players associate with assorted perception groups. Visual representations of the data were introduced to the map for quick and easy use and an associated lexicon compiled to provide a reference for more detailed information. The feel maps and lexicon provide users with a versatile tool in the form of a 'perception relationship model'. The map itself can act as an overall research guide for future work in the field. The addition of percentile use and relative importance data mean the map can be used to create more informed and subtle player test questionnaires or as a design aid, with interdependency links indicating which additional factors should be considered or exploited for their influence on the characteristic areas in question. Interestingly the general dimensions of highest relative importance were sound and grip respectively. This may be due to the basic level of interaction between player and racket which ultimately has to be perceived either through the grip or from the sound. A perception test questionnaire was also created with the use of the feel map and later used to study the correlation between objective and subjective measures. To best attain objective measures from the racket an innovative instrumentation system was created. Two alternative systems were designed and tested, the first based on wired instrumentation and data capture the second based on wireless technologies as these became available. Both systems were required to take measures of grip pressure and acceleration with 6 degrees of freedom. The first system utilised uniaxial accelerometers mounted on an aluminium bracket, and a triaxial accelerometer inserted inside the butt of the racket arranged to allow measurement and calculation of acceleration from the required 6 degrees of freedom. The system could be adapted to include either TekScan multi-cell full grip coverage force measurement, or 2 single point higher sample rate single cell grip force sensors. All data was fed via 15 m of cable to data acquisition systems. This restricted the participants' freedom of movement and encumbered the racket and thus the systems application, making it unsuitable for extensive perception or fatigue testing. The second system utilised a compact data logger with an integrated on board tri-axial accelerometer small enough to be mounted within the racket handle. A revised mount overcame the need for the aluminium throat bracket, moving the uniaxial accelerometers into a bulbous addition to the butt of the racket. The system was capable of capturing 8 channels simultaneously which allowed for the 6 accelerometers and two single cell grip force sensors to be located under the grip. The system was more difficult to adapt and maintain than the wired system, but improved freedom and reduced added weight to the racket made the system far more suitable for the planned perception and fatigue testing. Fatigue testing conducted with the wireless device investigated the effect of full body fatigue on players' performance by monitoring the resultant effects in the racket. The protocol was based on the multistage fitness test, designed to progressively increase in difficulty until volitional fatigue. Heart rate data indicated that the protocol was successful in fatiguing the participants to a point at or near their VO2max. Unfortunately, with the wireless system in its early stages of development, the device failed mid way through testing. The limited data set that was collected indicated that technique was affected by fatigue. Further research is required to confirm this finding and to make comparisons between racket types during the fatiguing process. The wireless device was adapted to make it more durable and reliable before the planned perception testing was conducted. A protocol was developed to investigate the affect of changing racket moment of inertia on player perception and physical measures. The test questionnaire developed from the feel map was used to evaluate player perception ratings of various elements of racket feel, and the wireless instrumentation system was used as part of methodology designed to compile a set of comparable physical data. A detailed analysis of the results revealed that there was some evidence of correlation between the perceptions of power, balance, flexibility and control and the moment of inertia of the racket. In a design optimisation context, however, more definitive correlations would be more useful. These would be expected to be found with future testing utilising a wider range of racket properties. The research proves to a large extent the original hypothesis that through the use of non invasive instrumentation and improved player perception elicitation techniques it is possible to substantially and usefully improve the objective and subjective assessment of tennis racket performance in play to enable investigation of better design characteristics and fatigue related injury phenomena.
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Christensen, Cristina. "Performance measures and subjective evaluations for two color displays." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45714.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The current study investigated the task performance and subjective preference for two color displays with differing image generation technologies, the standard cathode ray tube shadow mask (CRT) display and the newer liquid crystal/cathode ray tube (LC/CRT) display. Six subjects performed three different information processing tasks using each of the two color display technologies and expressed their display preference via evaluation questionnaires. Ambient illumination measurements were obtained to determine preferred conditions for each display.
A four-way factorial design was used to collect task performance data and ambient illumination preferences; performance data were collected as errors per unit task quantity for each of the task types. Subjective evaluations consisted of 20 five-interval bipolar adjective scales and a forced choice rating on eight display parameters. An analysis of variance procedure and post-hoc Newman-Keuls analyses were employed in the analyses of the performance and subjective bipolar adjective scale data; the forced choice rating scales were evaluated using the Sign Test.
The task performance results indicate that neither display produced better task performance. The subjective data revealed mixed results; while the bipolar adjective scales indicate no differences between the two display technologies, the forced choice rating shows a preference for the LC/CRT display on some display parameters.
A significant difference between the two displays was demonstrated for ambient illumination preferences; the LC/CRT was viewed in greater ambient illumination than the CRT display.<br>Master of Science
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Zaitoun, Maha Mustafa Ahmad. "The auditory brainstem response (ABR): an objective or subjective measure?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15846.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Objectives: This thesis describes three studies investigating the consistency and reliability of ABR testing procedures, the extent of inter-and intra-rater variability and performance, the impact of additional case information on ABR testing results. Methods: The participants for all studies were audiologists who conduct ABR testing. Study 1 consisted of a 69-item survey regarding ABR testing protocols that was completed online. In studies 2 and 3, a test set of infant ABR traces was obtained from a large public peadiatric audiology clinic in Sydney, Australia. In Study 2, 61 audiologists estimated hearing threshold for 15 ABR cases that were each presented twice in order to estimate inter and intra-reader variability. In study 3, 14 audiologists were asked to estimate the hearing threshold for 16 infants twice in two sessions at least 5 months apart; with and without provision of standard clinical information. Results: Audiologists vary in how they conduct ABR testing and there are differences in the training period audiologists undertake before starting ABR testing. Audiologists show good levels of agreement when assessing repeated ABR traces, however, optimum performance was not achieved. No significant differences were found for sensitivity, specificity or accuracy when clinical history information was provided compared to when it was not provided. Conclusions: There is a need for greater emphasis on the importance of following evidence-based guidelines for ABR testing whenever it is possible. Audiologists’ experience and ABR training periods significantly predicts accuracy of ABR reading. Good levels of agreement were found between and within audiologists. ABR traces are interpreted with the same accuracy regardless of whether patients ‘history information is available or not. The data provided should contribute to an improvement in the service of infants hearing diagnostics and help reduce audiologists’ variability.
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Kunorozva, Lovemore. "Diurnal preference and sports performance : a subjective and genetic view." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11263.
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[T]he purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of morning- or evening-preferring individuals (measured using the Horne-Östberg morningness-eveningness personality questionnaire) and PER3 VNTR polymorphism (from genomic DNA products extracted from human buccal cell samples amplified and digested with NcoI) within male Caucasian, trained cyclists (CYC, n=138), Ironman triathletes (IM, n=301) and an active, but non-competitive control population of Caucasian males (CON, n=120). In addition, performance was assessed in trained cyclists strongly preferring mornings or evenings at various times of day.
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Broman, Max. "The Subjective Experience of Anxiety and Its Relation to Performance." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17876.
Texte intégralRésumé :
There have been many attempts to explain the experience of anxiety during different types of performance situations. There are several different views on the brain mechanisms of anxiety. The traditional view has its focus on amygdala but recent research questions this view. In this essay the focus is on how two recent theories, namely the two-system model (LeDoux & Pine, 2016) and the attentional control theory (Eysenck, Derakshan, Santos & Calvo, 2007) has changed the theoretical landscape of the brain mechanisms behind the experience of anxiety. The two-system framework model claim that the subjective experience of anxiety uses the same cortical circuits as executive functions involved in attention and working memory. Whereas the attentional control theory argues, that due to the limited attentional capacity, increasing the subjective experience of anxiety would result in less capacity for executive functions involved in working memory and attention resulting in impaired performance. This review shows that research on the relationship between the subjective experience of anxiety and performance is inconsistent and researchers possess different views on what gives rise to the experience. Some data indicate that the amygdala is crucial for the subjective experience of anxiety while other data suggest that other cortical circuits have a much more prominent role. If the cortical circuits are strongly involved in the subjective experience of anxiety, this would be strong support for the attentional control theory and the two-system framework model.
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Hlaing, EiEi. "RELATIONS BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY, SLEEP SELFEFFICACY AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN YOUNG AND OLDER ADULTS." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/843.
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This study explored the cognitive performance of poor and good sleepers in college students and older adults including inhibition, sustained attention, processing speed, spatial ability, attention set shifting, short term and working memory. Demographic measures, health measures, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Sleep Self-Efficacy scale, WAIS III Block Design and Digit Span, Trail Making Test Part A and B, psychomotor Vigilance Task, and the Multisource Interference task were given to participants. Sleep group accounted for the variance in cognitive performance even after controlling for education, depression, health, and age in the older adults. Age differences were not observed in sleep self-efficacy but were observed for self-reported sleep quality and cognitive performance. Sleep onset latency was a significant predictor of cognitive performance in older adults and sleep duration was significant for college students. Implications of the study include accidents, academic performance, and mental well-being as a result of cognitive deficit due to sleep loss.
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O'Connor, Elinor Margaret. "The effects of heat strain in psychological performance." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b4f02107-da11-401c-b97f-cd7dfdeb200a.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The impact of thermal stress on psychological performance has been the subject of considerable research attention. However, the effects of heat on performance are poorly understood. The literature yields inconsistent results, reflecting methodological shortcomings in previous research, particularly with regard to the definition of the independent variable. Investigators have focused on heat stress per se to the neglect of the participants' thermal physiological response. In addition, investigators have typically tested small samples, and have relied on a limited range of performance measures of unknown sensitivity. Few theoretical accounts of performance during thermal stress have been proposed, and these are poorly elaborated. The principal aim of this research programme was to elucidate the effects of heat on psychological performance. Emphasis was placed on defining the independent variable in terms of physiological strain. Performance was measured using a comprehensive range of sensitive tasks. In the first and second experiments, an innovative water immersion technique was used to control thermal strain precisely. The principal effect of heat strain observed in these experiments was an increase in the speed of performance, without variation in accuracy. This effect was attributed to an increase in nerve conduction velocity associated with raised body temperature. The duration of immersion in the second experiment was fifty percent longer than that in the first, but little variation in performance with the duration of heat strain was evident. In light of the limited external validity of the immersion experiments, subsequent investigation focused on the effects of more realistic sources of thermal strain. A survey of military personnel indicated that occupational exposure to thermal stress is perceived to impair some cognitive and psychomotor functions. The final experiment measured performance during prolonged exposure to heat stress in a climatic chamber. The results indicate that the performance changes observed in the immersion experiments generalize to conditions involving exposure to more realistic sources of heat strain
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Reed, Nia MaLika. "The Relationship between Subjective Memory and Objective Cognition, Depression, and Anxiety by Dementia Status." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/gerontology_theses/19.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This secondary data analysis of the Health and Retirement Study – Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study (ADAMS) examines the relationship between subjective cognition and objective performance, depression, and anxiety in cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) and dementia. With a cross-sectional design, this study consists of 480 older adults between ages 72-105. Participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination. The Wechsler Memory Scale- Revised Logical Memory I/II measured memory. Anxiety and depression were measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Subjective memory was measured by the HRS Self-report Memory and Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Independent t-tests and Pearson correlation analysis were employed to determine differences between the dementia and non-dementia groups. Results demonstrated that the CIND group had significantly better general cognition; more severe cognitive/memory problems in the dementia group showed weaker relationships between general cognition and memory performance; anxiety/depression were weakly related in CIND and moderately related in dementia.
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Vuillet, Marc. "Élaboration d’un modèle d’aide à la décision probabiliste pour l’évaluation de la performance des digues fluviales." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1186.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Lors d'une crue, la défaillance d'une digue fluviale est susceptible d'avoir des conséquences en vies humaines et économiques lourdes. Dans ce contexte, la réglementation sur la sécurité des ouvrages hydrauliques a récemment été renforcée (décret du 11 décembre 2007). Elle impose dorénavant aux gestionnaires la réalisation de diagnostics périodiques et encourage l'évaluation probabiliste de la sécurité des digues. De part leur caractère à grand linéaire, la complexité de leurs mécanismes de rupture et la grande variété de données nécessaires à leur diagnostic, les digues induisent des problématiques de diagnostic particulières, nécessitant l'intervention d'un ingénieur expert. Celui-ci doit procéder à l'analyse spatiale de l'information, l'interprétation des données disponibles et la prise en compte de leurs incertitudes. Il procède ensuite, par expertise, à l'évaluation qualitative de la performance des ouvrages. L'objectif de la thèse est l'élaboration d'un modèle d'aide à la décision probabiliste pour l'évaluation de la performance des digues. Ce modèle a vocation à être utilisé par un ingénieur spécialisé, en situation de diagnostic rapide ou approfondi et en valorisant toutes les données disponibles. Le modèle apporte une aide à l'ingénieur pour : identifier les tronçons homogènes d'un linéaire de digue, évaluer la performance des ouvrages pour les différents mécanismes de ruptures et préciser les niveaux d'incertitudes des résultats produits en fonction de l'imperfection des données disponibles. Notre démarche de recherche comporte trois étapes :- le développement d'un modèle fonctionnel des mécanismes de rupture des digues, bâti à partir de méthodes issues de la Sûreté de Fonctionnement et du Raisonnement Qualitatif ;- le développement d'un modèle d'aide à la décision déterministe comprenant des indicateurs de performance pour chaque mécanisme de rupture des digues, suivant une méthode de construction de critères uniques de synthèse ;- le développement d'un modèle d'évaluation probabiliste de la performance incluant une méthode de prise en compte des incertitudes des informations d'entrée et des résultats du modèle dans le cadre des probabilités subjectives. Les résultats de nos recherches sont illustrés par des applications du modèle à des études de cas, sur des digues fluviales et torrentielles<br>Levee risk control is crucial, as flood defense failures may seriously affect human life or economics issues. The regulation in France relating to the safety of the hydraulic structures is recently evolved (decree of December 11, 2007) and henceforth envisages for levees the realization of regular diagnoses and studies of dangers and encourages a probabilistic evaluation of levees safety. A levee safety evaluation currently consists in appraising the work, including taking into account data stemming from various prior investigations: historical records, visual inspections, hydraulic modeling, geophysical explorations, geotechnical explorations, etc. Such investigations may be performed to a more or less comprehensive extent, according to the resources available. Levee diagnostic studies will first split the alignments into several homogenous construction and loading sections, then complete an expert quality assessment of their performance levels. The goal of our research is to develop a probabilistic model for performance assessment of river levees, for a quick or comprehensive diagnosis. The model give support for engineer and make possible to determine how much an evaluation may be trusted and will help decide which levee sections should be primarily subjected to action or investigations. This will also facilitate the decision making process regarding technical actions to be taken to improve a levee section performance. Our approach contains three main steps:- analyzing and modeling levees failure mechanisms with a functional model build up from risk analysis methods ;- construction of deterministic decision aid model including levees performance indicator, using unicriterion decision support methods ;- construction of a probabilistic-based model for evaluating levees performance. Such model taking into account the input data uncertainty by using subjective probabilities. Our research results are illustrated by model application on cases studies
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Myhill, Claire. "A Foucauldian Discourse Analysis of Professional South African Ballet Dancers’ Subjective Performance Experiences." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64120.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Extensive research into the lives of professional ballet dancers has been conducted by the psychological and medical fields, but much of this research has focused on problems in the environment, sometimes in a way that further pathologizes dancers. Professional ballet is a highly demanding performance area, yet little research into ballet dancers’ performance lives has been conducted, which further shapes perceptions about this population. This study explores how South African professional ballet dancers’ performance lives are shaped by discourse, and how they draw on available discursive resources to construct their subjectivity and create meaning, and to what ends, in relation to performance. Findings suggest that dancers are caught up in several powerful, dominant discourses, some of which may position them in ways that cause subjective harm, but that alternatives do exist. Insights into the complex web of intersecting discourses surrounding ballet are offered, and questions posed to create possibilities, but ultimately, dancers must decide which positions they want to claim or resist, as they continually form their subjectivities.<br>Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Psychology<br>MA Counselling Psychology<br>Unrestricted
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Bowers, Drew. "Effects of Subjective Workload Measurement During a Workload Transition on Task Performance." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1405001490.
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Grove, Robyn J. "The effects of job control perceptions and supervisor performance attributions on subordinate reactions to performance evaluation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15866/1/Robyn_Grove_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the present study, nursing and allied health employee's perceptions of job control and the relationship to performance evaluation were explored. Supervisor perceptions of their subordinate's level of job control was assessed with subordinate perceptions of job control, to determine the effects of perceptual congruence on reactions to performance evaluation. In addition, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance was assessed to test the relationship with subordinate responses to performance evaluation. One hundred and forty-four participants including forty-five matched supervisor-subordinate pairs in a large Queensland health care organisation were surveyed. The measures included perceptions of job control, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance and the effects of subordinate reactions to performance evaluation. The results indicated that there were no differences in the perceptions the supervisor held of their employee's job control and the perceptions the subordinate held in relation to their own levels of job control. In addition, it was found that job control significantly contributed to positive reactions to performance evaluation and when there was a close match between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of level of control, there was a resulting positive reaction to performance evaluation. Furthermore, supervisor internal attributions to subordinate performance predicted positive reactions to performance evaluation, when the employee was evaluated as having performed successfully.
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Grove, Robyn J. "The effects of job control perceptions and supervisor performance attributions on subordinate reactions to performance evaluation." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15866/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In the present study, nursing and allied health employee's perceptions of job control and the relationship to performance evaluation were explored. Supervisor perceptions of their subordinate's level of job control was assessed with subordinate perceptions of job control, to determine the effects of perceptual congruence on reactions to performance evaluation. In addition, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance was assessed to test the relationship with subordinate responses to performance evaluation. One hundred and forty-four participants including forty-five matched supervisor-subordinate pairs in a large Queensland health care organisation were surveyed. The measures included perceptions of job control, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance and the effects of subordinate reactions to performance evaluation. The results indicated that there were no differences in the perceptions the supervisor held of their employee's job control and the perceptions the subordinate held in relation to their own levels of job control. In addition, it was found that job control significantly contributed to positive reactions to performance evaluation and when there was a close match between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of level of control, there was a resulting positive reaction to performance evaluation. Furthermore, supervisor internal attributions to subordinate performance predicted positive reactions to performance evaluation, when the employee was evaluated as having performed successfully.
22
Pike, Erika. "REINFORCING, SUBJECTIVE, AND COGNITIVE EFFECTS OF METHAMPHETAMINE DURING D-AMPHETAMINE MAINTENANCE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/psychology_etds/15.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Translational research suggests that agonist replacement may be a viable treatment approach for managing methamphetamine dependence. This study sought to determine the effects of d-amphetamine maintenance on methamphetamine self-administration in stimulant using participants. A cognitive battery was used to determine the performance effects of methamphetamine alone and during d-amphetamine maintenance. During each maintenance condition, participants first sampled a dose of intranasal methamphetamine then had the opportunity to respond on a progressive ratio task to earn portions of the sampled dose. Subject-rated drug-effect and physiological measures were completed prior to and after sampling methamphetamine. Methamphetamine was self-administered as function of dose regardless of the maintenance condition. Methamphetamine produced prototypical subject-rated effects, some of which were attenuated by d-amphetamine maintenance. Methamphetamine was well tolerated during d-amphetamine maintenance and no adverse events occurred. The self-administration results are concordant with those of clinical trials that show d-amphetamine did not reduce methamphetamine use. Generally, there was no difference in cognitive performance after methamphetamine administration during both placebo and d-amphetamine maintenance. Overall d-amphetamine does not appear to be a viable treatment for preventing methamphetamine relapse, but translational literature suggests that other agonist medications or the combination of pharmacotherapy and behavioral therapies may be effective.
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Green, Paul Phillip. "A Laingian Approach to the Cinematic Construction and Performance of Iner-Subjective Phantasy." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499873.
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Masters, Tyler J. "Subjective Well-Being, Sport Performance, Training Load and Life Experiences of College Athletes." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1244822249.
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FUNKE, GREGORY J. "THE EFFECTS OF AUTOMATION AND WORKLOAD ON DRIVER PERFORMANCE, SUBJECTIVE WORKLOAD, AND MOOD." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1193000603.
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Ruggeri, Daniela. ""Subjective weighting:" i fattori che influenzano il processo di valutazione delle performance manageriali." Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/292.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La prassi sempre piu' diffusa dell'adozione di sistemi multipli di performance caratterizzati da misure quantitative e qualitative ha posto una serie di problematiche in merito all'importanza di ciascuna misura nel processo di determinazione del bonus. Negli ultimi anni ha assunto particolare rilievo il tema della soggettivita' e le modalita' di esplicitazione della stessa nei sistemi di remunerazione. In particolare, l'interesse degli accademici e' stato indirizzato allo studio dei bonus determinati in tutto o in parte da giudizi soggettivi del valutatore. La soggettivita' nella valutazione delle performance manageriali puo' manifestarsi, singolarmente o congiuntamente, nei seguenti modi: a) ex ante, nella scelta delle misure di risultato da inserire nel sistema di valutazione ed in particolare, nell'adozione di misure oggettive e soggettive; b) nella valutazione discrezionale del supervisor; c) ex post, nell'assegnazione dei pesi alle misure di performance contenute nel sistema di valutazione. Il presente lavoro si e' proposto di indagare la soggettivita' espressa nell'attribuzione dei pesi alle misure di performance con l'obiettivo di comprendere le dinamiche del processo decisionale del supervisor nell'assegnazione discrezionale dei pesi alle misure di performance. In particolare, tale fenomeno e' stato analizzato attraverso l'applicazione della metodologia sperimentale mediante la realizzazione di un esperimento con i dirigenti medici. I risultati dimostrano che la decisione del supervisor e' il risultato di un'integrazione della prospettiva economica e comportamentale, ove quest'ultima trova le sue radici nella teoria della giustizia organizzativa.<br>The 'widespread' adoption of multiple performance measurement systems characterized by quantitative and qualitative measures has stimulated a number of growing issues regarding the importance of each measure in the process of bonus determination. Recently researchers have underlined the relevance of subjectivity in the incentive systems. In particular, academics have focused on the impact of subjective supervisor judgments on the bonus determination. The subjectivity on managerial performance evaluation occurs, singly or jointly, in the following forms: a) ex ante, choosing performance measures that should be included in the performance evaluation system; b) the discretion of the supervisor, c) ex post, assigning weights to the measures contained in the performance evaluation system. The aim of this study is to investigate the subjectivity in the form of weighting performance measures and understand the dynamics of supervisor decision-making in the allocation of weights. Specifically, this phenomenon has been analyzed through the application of experimental methodology by carrying out an experiment with the medical directors. The results show that the supervisor decision is based on the integration of economic and behavioral perspectives, which the latter is rooted on the organizational justice theory.
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Stephenson, Kim Jenna. "Circadian rhythm, activity level, training habits and sports performance : the molecular and subjective components." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5925.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Circadian rhythmicity, which is driven by a circadian clock, is a property of a biological process that displays an oscillation of approximately 24-hours even in the absence of external time cues. Individual differences in the preferred times of waking, activity and rest (sleep) are known as chronotype or diurnal preference; which arise due to differences in circadian rhythmicity due to the fact that rhythms are not exactly 24-hours. Various polymorphisms of certain genes involved in circadian rhythm generation have been associated with extreme chronotype. Of interest to this study is the PER3 gene as it has a variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism in the coding region, which is repeated either four of five times, encoding proteins of different lengths.
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Coyne, Joseph. "The relationship between subjective training load and performance in open and closed skill sports." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2427.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Training load (TL) monitoring is considered important to understand an athlete’s ability to perform in training and competition along with their risk of any injury and illness. By assessing the physical work an athlete performs in training (i.e., external TL) and/or the athlete’s response to that training (i.e., internal TL), a basic model of an athlete’s response to training can be estimated by the difference between chronic “fitness” (positive) and acute “fatigue” (negative) functions. Subjective measures of TL, which includes sessional ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE), and differential ratings of perceived exertion, are both considered measures of internal TL. Of these, sRPE is the most common, is recommended as the primary TL measure in team sports, is also widely used in endurance-based sports and is the principal focus of this thesis.
When examining relationships between sRPE-TL with performance, there has been very little research in this area but there does appear to be some level of relationship in both open (OS) and closed skill (CS) sports. The difference between OS and CS sports is of interest as research suggests that any TL relationship with performance may be influenced by mental fatigue and mental fatigue experienced by athletes may differ between OS and CS sports. To date, the research investigating TL and the relationship to performance has been focused on sports that are relatively similar in terms of skill nature and mental fatigue. There exists a gap in the literature examining sRPE-TL relationship with performance, if this relationship exists across OS and CS sports and how mental fatigue may influence sRPE-TL. Alongside this, there are also issues with how TL measures are calculated and how subjective TL measures relate to other objective markers of athlete readiness (e.g., heart rate variability). Therefore, the central aim of this thesis was to examine the relationship between TL and performance in different OS and CS sports and to determine if there were differences in TL measures between successful and unsuccessful performances in these sports at an elite level. Alongside this, further examinations into the different TL calculation issues (including the issue of mathematical coupling in the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR)), the influence of mental fatigue on sRPE-TL and the sRPE-TL relationship with athlete readiness markers in athletes at an elite level were also warranted as secondary aims for this thesis.
The main finding of this thesis was that there appeared to be a relationship between subjective TL and performance measures for elite Olympic level athletes in both CS and OS sports. Other secondary findings from the thesis included i) the influence of the mathematical coupling inherent in the ACWR appeared trivial, despite other critical issues with the ratio; ii) mental fatigue did not seem to significantly influence sRPE scores from individual training sessions when accounting for nature of the sport (OS versus CS), duration of training and influence of injury/illness, and iii) there were trivial small correlations between sRPE-TL and objective markers of athlete readiness (heart rate variability and direct current potential) in both OS and CS sports.
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Juhlin, Magnus. "Assessment of crosswind performance of buses." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för teknikvetenskap, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-10382.
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Gibbs, Gillian Heather. "The relationship between objective measures and subjective confidence in task performance with degraded visual acuity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61555.pdf.
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Muhundan, Sushmethaa. "Exploring the Effects of Language on Angry Drivers' Situation Awareness, Driving Performance, and Subjective Perception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103165.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Research shows that anger has a negative impact on cognition due to the rumination effect and in the context of driving, anger negatively impacts situation awareness, driving performance, and road safety. In-vehicle agents are capable of mitigating the effects of anger and subsequent effects on driving behavior. Language is another important aspect that influences information processing and human behavior during social interactions. This thesis aims to explore the effects of the language of in-vehicle agents on angry drivers' situation awareness, driving performance, and subjective perception. The three conditions explored are the native language agent condition (Hindi or Chinese), secondary language agent condition (English), and no agent condition. Results indicate that driving performance is better in the case of the native language agent condition when compared to the no agent condition. Higher levels of situational awareness were affected by the agent condition, favoring the native language condition over the secondary language condition. The participants preferred native language agents over the other conditions and the perceived workload was higher in the no-agent condition than the native agent condition. Drivers also expressed the need to control the state of the in-vehicle agent. The study results have practical design implications and the results are expected to help foster future work in this domain.<br>Master of Science<br>People are deeply influenced by emotions. Anger while driving is shown to negatively impact people's perception and understanding of what is going on in the driving context and prediction about what will happen. As a result, this influences driving performance and road safety. Intelligent agents (such as Siri or Alexa) built into vehicles can help regulate the emotions of the drivers and can positively impact driving performance. Language is another important aspect that influences human behavior during social interactions. The current thesis aims to leverage the positive impacts of in-vehicle agents and language to design in-vehicle agent interactions capable of mitigating the negative effects of anger to ensure better driving performance and increased situation awareness. The three conditions explored are the native language agent condition (Hindi or Chinese), secondary language agent condition (English), and no agent condition. The effects on angry drivers' situation awareness, driving performance, and subjective perception are studied. Results indicate that the driving performance is better in the case of the native language agent condition when compared to the no agent condition. Participants preferred native language agents over the other conditions. People's understanding and prediction capability in the driving context was better in the native agent condition over the other conditions. The study results have practical design implications in designing in-vehicle agent interfaces and the results are expected to help foster future work.
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Ashcroft, Craig, and n/a. "Academics� experiences of Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF) : governmentality and subjection." University of Otago. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070125.162438.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 2002 New Zealand�s government set out to "accelerate" the nation�s "transformation into a knowledge society" (Ministry of Education, 2002a, p. 16). Underpinning the development of this so-called 'knowledge society' was a new approach in the way tertiary education was funded. This included introducing a new contestable model of research funding called Performance-Based Research Funding (PBRF). The research reported here was conducted at a critical juncture in the ongoing development and implementation of PBRF because it captures the experiences of fifteen academics as they encounter PBRF and the Quality Evaluation exercise for the first time. Their experiences of the inaugural 2003 Quality Evaluation exercise were examined using a discourse analysis approach informed by Michel Foucault�s (1926-1984) ideas of 'subjection' and 'governmentality'. 'Subjection' occurs when individuals shape their identities by responding to the multiple discourses that are available to them at any particular time and within any historical context (Foucault, 1969). 'Governmentality' refers to a particular instrument, technique or activity that guides and shapes conduct by producing a compliant human subject capable of supporting the interests and objectives of the state (Foucault, 1994a). In the case of academics this might mean conforming to PBRF policies and practices and participating in the development and transformation of a new 'knowledge society'.
In this thesis I examine the potential for PBRF to reshape and redirect the nature of research and suggest that some assessment elements of the 2003 Quality Evaluation were flawed and, as a result, a number of participants in this study were now making decisions about their research that appeared contrary to their best interests. I also investigate PBRF as a field of compliance and argue that the Quality Evaluation exercise represents a technology of government that targets the activities and practices of New Zealand�s research academics with the effect of manifesting a more docile and compliant academic subject. I then question PBRF�s impact on the career aspirations and opportunities of academics and claim that the PBRF Quality Evaluation framework has already shifted from being a mechanism for distributing funds for research to one that identifies and rewards the most 'talented' researchers via institutional appointments and promotions. Finally, I interrogate the pursuit and practice of academic freedom and argue that as a consequence of PBRF, a number of participants in this study have positioned themselves in ways that could diminish and constrain their traditional rights to academic freedom.
PBRF has the potential to locate academics within a new status-driven hierarchy of professional validation whereby the Quality Evaluation exercise will purportedly measure, evaluate and reward the most 'talented' researchers and the 'best' research. In this thesis I argue that the PBRF Quality Evaluation framework operates as a form of disciplinary power exercised as part of an international trend of intensifying audit and assessment practices in higher education. In this sense, I claim that PBRF exists as an instrument of governmentality capable of constituting a new type of academic subject by significantly shifting the way academics will have to think and conduct their professional selves in relation to their work and research.
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Thomasson, Theresa, and Kim Hansen. "From aid to trade : -Fair Trade as a responsible competitiveness." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26711.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An increased openness and rapidity of the media has resulted in more comprehensive coverage of organizations and their behavior. Additionally increased customer awareness of corporate ethical behavior has led to higher customer demands and expectations resulting in added pressure on companies. Corporate social responsibility has by researchers been identified as the solution to these increased expectations. There are various types of CSR activities and this study focuses on the concept of Fair Trade. A literature review examining the existing research within the field was performed to identify a research gap that assisted in establishing the purpose of the study. The purpose of this study is to assess how practicing CSR strategies at Coop influence subjective performance, and if these are deliberate or emergent. Three research questions were formulated to answer the purpose. The study tests a research model that has not yet been tested in practice, namely the 3C-SR model. The study has been conducted through a case study in the form of in-depth interviews and content analysis. The study was carried out through five interviews with employees from the Swedish grocery chain Coop. Organization-wide needs for well-developed communication, consistency and clear goals regarding CSR and Fair Trade were recognized. Practical managerial implications have been concluded based on these findings. Additionally, a suggestion for developing the existing research model is presented. The study reveals that Fair Trade is not practiced entirely in accordance with the 3C-SR model. Potentiality was identified concerning the subjective assessment, hence the subjective performance was not ultimate. The study further concluded that despite deliberate features, the corporate strategy was highly emergent.
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Vignola, Annie. "Évaluation objective et subjective de la performance cognitive chez les aînés avec ou sans insomnie chronique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ33776.pdf.
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Pavy, Alan. "The effects of chewing on cognitive performance and subjective alertness during a night of sleep deprivation /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARPS/09arpsp3392.pdf.
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Vignola, Annie. "Évaluation objective et subjective de la performance cognitive chez les ainés avec ou sans insomnie chronique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/45407.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L'objectif du présent mémoire est d'évaluer l'impact de l'insomnie sur le fonctionnement diurne chez les personnes âgées en comparant la performance de personnes âgées souffrant d'insomnie chronique à celle de bons dormeurs du même âge sur des tests neuropsychologiques. Le but principal de l'étude est de savoir si l'insomnie a des conséquences objectives au niveau de la performance diurne. Dans un second temps, les attentes face à la performance et la perception de celle-ci sont également évaluées. Un total de 20 personnes âgées souffrant d'insomnie chronique et ne consommant pas de somnifères ont été évaluées, ainsi que 20 bons dormeurs du même âge ne rapportant aucune difficulté de sommeil. Tous les sujets ont été soumis au même processus de sélection visant à éliminer le plus grand nombre de facteurs confondants possibles (e.g., problème médical, usage de somnifères, dépression). Des mesures de sommeil, de dépression, d'anxiété ont été recueillies. Les résultats indiquent que les personnes souffrant d'insomnie ont des difficultés au niveau des fonctions attentionnelles lorsque comparées aux bons donneurs. Elles ont également une perception plus négative de leur performance. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats obtenus sont discutés dans une perspective visant à reconsidérer les conséquences diurnes de l'insomnie chez les personnes âgées.
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Saxby, Dyani J. Ph D. "Impact of Driving Condition, Personality, and Cell Phone Use on Simulated Driving Performance and Subjective State." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1313767519.
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Colbow, Alexander James. "Examining the relations between subjective social class, academics, and well-being in first-generation college student veterans." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5734.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The aim of this study was to examine the relations between aspects of subjective social class, academic performance, and subjective wellbeing in first-generation and veteran students. In recent years, both student veterans and first-generation students have become topics of interest for universities, counselors, and researchers, as they are growing in numbers on university campuses. These groups face a variety of barriers to completing their academic degrees. One area with little investigation is the influence of subjective social class on these individuals. Therefore, various facets of subjective social class (Subjective Social Status, Beliefs in a Just World, Protestant Work Ethic, Materialism, Classism, and Financial Literacy) were examined to better understand their relationships with student subjective wellbeing and academic performance. Using several analyses, non-first generation student veterans, first-generation student veterans, and first-generation non-veteran students were compared based on their social class beliefs, attitudes, and priorities, as well as subjective wellbeing and academic performance. Results include several key findings. First, support was found for the Classism Attitudinal Profile’s position within the social class nomological network. Second, the subjective social class variables of materialism, financial literacy, and classism co-varied with participant’s college outcome expectations. Third, the three groups were found to differ in their subjective social class attitudes concerning status, materialism, classism, just world beliefs, financial ability, and social support. Fourth, subjective social class was confirmed to be a useful variable to consider when exploring academic performance and wellbeing. Overall, subjective social class and economic cultures appear to be useful constructs to consider when working with clients and conducting research.
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Mutebi, Simon [Verfasser]. "Subjective Experiences and Practices of Sexual Performance Concerns Among Young Men in Mwanza City, Tanzania / Simon Mutebi." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1226154530/34.
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Necowitz, Lawrence B. "Examining the relationship of negative affectivity and subjective well-being to goal setting processes and task performance /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14878539131023.
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Watling, Christopher N. "The sleep and wake drives : exploring the genetic and psychophysiological aspects of sleepiness, motivation, and performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/98754/4/Christopher_Watling_Thesis.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This research program examined the factors of motivation and genetic variations for their effects on sleepiness and performance. The results suggest that certain genetic variations were found to influence aspects of physiological and subjective sleepiness as well as performance outcomes. Motivation had no effect on performance when partially sleep deprived, but motivation improved task performance on a low-order cognitive task when fully rested. The results suggest sleepiness is resistant to motivation to improve performance. As such, drivers who continue to drive while sleepy by applying extra effort to the task of driving are engaging in a risky driving behaviour.
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Watson, John Lawrence, and not supplied. "An investigation into the identification of objective parameters correlating with the subjective functional performance of critical listening rooms." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080218.092220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The link to subjective parameters and objective parameters in the field of room acoustics has been the source of much research. This thesis surveys some of the available objective room acoustical analysis methods, quantify their advantages and disadvantages with respect to the measurement of acoustical qualities of professionally operated critical listing rooms, and implements these methods in a range of critical listening rooms. In conjunction with the objective room analysis, a subjective component of research was also performed. A series of anechoically recorded standard instrument sounds were presented to professional listeners in their critical listening spaces with the listeners asked to alter the sounds to taste: to
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Boroff, Jacob Andrew. "Objective and Subjective Visual Performance of Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses of Various Add Powers and Center Optic Zone Sizes." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523557549549266.
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Shaikh, Shakil Ahmed. "Investigating the effects of physical and cognitive demands on quality of performance and subjective responses under pacing/Takt time." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28776/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Assembly work requires high levels of performance and quality but may involve complex cognitive and physical tasks. There is evidence that physical and cognitive workloads are not separate, but may interact. Work in exercise and simple physical tasks suggests that physical load may lead to changes in cognitive performance, and in perceived workload. The aim of this thesis is to examine physical and cognitive interactions that might affect assembly work. First, observation was undertaken in industry to identify the physical and cognitive factors relevant to examples of assembly lines. From this, a task analysis of a simulated assembly task was developed. Three experimental studies were conducted, based upon the simulated assembly task, in order to investigate three main assembly variables; working height, memory load and pacing. The first study showed that the number of completed assemblies was reduced when performed at higher pacing and while working at above shoulder height. The number of components dropped was higher when performed at above shoulder height. When the task was performed at elbow height ‘wait’ time increased as the beep time was found to be higher at elbow height than the above shoulder height, which led to increase wait time when performing the task at elbow height. Subjective measures (NASA TLX) showed that temporal demand and effort were reported as higher during high pacing. Perceived physical and temporal demand increased when working above shoulder height. An interaction on subjective measure was identified between pacing and working height. Performance of NASA TLX was found to be poor when performing the assembly operation at high pacing/Takt and above shoulder height as compared to working at high pacing/ Takt and elbow height. In the second study the experimental design was modified by changing the assembly order to variable assembly and consistent assembly, which represented single model assembly line (where only one type of assembly is being processed) and mixed model assembly line (different types of products being processed). Study 2 was found to be more mentally demanding due to task complexity. However, it was also found that completed assemblies were higher for the consistent assembly task. Subjective measures reported stress as being higher for higher pacing and variable assembly. The final study combined the variables from the first two studies as well as investigating different levels of memory load. Performance times for variable assembly were longer and resulted in less correct code responses. A higher memory load resulted in a higher performance time and lower correct code responses as well as fewer completed assemblies. An interaction between working height and perceived mental workload was found. Results showed that perceived temporal demand and perceived effort of NASA TLX were found to be higher when performing the assembly operation at elbow height and high memory as compared to the assembly operation performed at elbow height and low memory. It was also found that memory load affects perceived physical demand. For industry the findings suggest that in variable (mixed model) assembly different levels of pacing, working height and cognitive demands may affect workers’ performance both physically and mentally. Demands will be higher when working at variable assembly but also performance will vary where variable and consistent assembly are used together. The research also discusses theories that might be most useful for describing these effects.
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Atmadja, Adwin Surja. "Understanding the Role of Microfinance (Microcredit) in Business Performance, Economic Empowerment and Subjective Wellbeing: A Case Study of Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367512.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Poverty eradication has been a long-established and key challenge for governments, the international community, multilateral organisations and donor agencies in the world, especially in developing economies. Combined international, multilateral and donor efforts have resulted in significant reduction in poverty levels across countries. Aside from this remarkable achievement, the most current data show that in 2012, hundreds of millions of people in less developed economies still lived in extremely poor conditions, and the incidence of poverty remained uneven across regions, countries and genders.
More work is required to more effectively accomplish poverty reduction targets around the world. Recent and expanding research and empirical evidence suggest that a strategy of financial sector deepening through microfinance might be a useful channel.
For decades, microfinance has gained popularity in many developing countries, including Indonesia, as one of the key instruments for their poverty alleviation programmes. The Indonesian government, for instance, has emphasised increasing access to financial services as a priority component of its poverty and financial sector reform agenda, since significant barriers in accessing loan and saving instruments remain for households and enterprises of all sizes. The development of the country’s microfinance industry has been going well, and becoming one of the most commercialised in the world.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Sjörs, Anna. "I feel terrible! Can you measure that? : Exploring psychophysiological stress responses and their interactions with performance, subjective reports and health status." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-54345.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Despite recent research advances, there are still several common medical conditions whose underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In conditions with few or diffuse physical findings, it can be difficult to diagnose and determine the state of the condition and its effects on working ability or performance, and the health care practitioners have to rely on the patient’s self-reports. Identification of objective measurements that are sensitive enough to aid in diagnosis or determination of the state of these conditions would thus be valuable. Psychophysiological measurements are generally non-invasive and have the potential to serve as such diagnostic or prognostic tools. In this thesis, psychophysiological reactions to different stressors were recorded in two selected medical conditions; namely motion sickness and chronic trapezius myalgia (musculoskeletal pain). These subjective conditions are unpleasant, unwanted and apparently serve no survival purpose. It is therefore important to elucidate any physical findings associated with them to, eventually, find new means to prevent the development of these conditions or to ameliorate symptoms. The overall aim of the thesis was to explore the development of psychophysiological responses to stressors in relation to performance and subjective reports in healthy individuals and in women with chronic trapezius myalgia. More in detail, the purpose was to identify psychophysiological responses that could provide information about the mechanisms behind, or serve as candidates for characterization of motion sickness and chronic trapezius myalgia, respectively. Responses to motion sickness, triggered by optokinetic stimulation, were studied in healthy individuals, whereas responses to repetitive low-force work and psychosocial stress were studied in women with chronic trapezius myalgia and in pain-free controls. In both medical conditions, the psychophysiological responses were accompanied by subjective reports. The effects of motion sickness on two different aspects of memory performance were tested during exposure to optokinetic stimulation. In the studies of chronic trapezius myalgia, psychophysiological responses were also related to health status, i.e., being a patient or a pain-free control and measurements of pain intensity, psychological symptoms, sleep-related problems and quality of life. The psychophysiological responses to optokinetic stimulation were inconclusive. Moderate levels of motion sickness did not affect memory performance, whereas decreased short term memory performance was seen in subjects reporting high levels of motion sickness. The autonomic responses and stress hormone secretion in response to low-force repetitive work and psychosocial stress in the chronic trapezius myalgia group were similar to those of the pain-free controls. However, muscle activity in the trapezius muscle was generally higher in the chronic trapezius myalgia group. There were indications of negative psychological states being related to a slower response and lower circadian variations of stress hormone secretion. With the present methods, it was possible to measure general stress responses but none of the measurements showed sufficient specificity to serve as predictors or indicators of motion sickness and chronic musculoskeletal pain, respectively. Summarizing, I cannot objectively measure how you feel; I still have to rely on your description of your condition.
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Ueda, Kimi. "A Study on Integrated Thermal Control to Improve Intellectual Work Performance." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263750.
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Oh, Kyunghui. "Use of Reading Strategy to Assess Reading Medium Effectiveness: Application to Determine the Effects of Reading Medium and Generation in an Active Reading Task." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51227.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Advances in computer technology have hastened the development and dissemination of a wide range of electronic media into the workplace and educational settings. Electronic media offer many advantages, including quicker access to information and easier information sharing among professions. However, electronic reading media have still not been well integrated into these settings, especially for non-routine cognitive tasks like active reading. Conflicting results from different measures (e.g., performance, preference) have been reported regarding their efficacy. Despite the fact that there are no significant performance differences between reading from paper and reading from electronic media, people still show a preference for reading from paper and resist changes in the workplace, which often results in the abandonment of electronic reading media. Therefore, in order to maximize the potential benefits from electronic reading media, researchers and designers need more valid ways to assess the effectiveness of electronic reading media than relying on existing methods using outcome-based measures of reading. <br />Although the act of reading is primarily a cognitive process, there are relatively few comprehensive empirical reports on how the use of different reading media impacts cognitive processes like reading strategies. Moreover, researchers have rarely considered generational differences, even though generation-specific reading practices could significantly affect readers\' current reading practices using different media. <br />Therefore, the overall objective of this research was to develop and evaluate a new method to test the effectiveness of reading medium in terms of supporting design and evaluation. Specifically, this research examined how reading strategies can be used as a process measure. The research consisted of three parts: (1) investigating readers\' use of reading strategies using different types of media, (2) identifying the relationship between readers\' use of reading strategies and their performance and subjective response, and (3) identifying the relationship between readers\' use of reading strategies and cognitive load. Resultant findings are expected to improve how we measure the effectiveness of electronic reading media.<br />First, readers\' use of reading strategies for different types of media was examined and associated generational differences were investigated. A laboratory experiment was conducted in which three generations of participants (Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) were asked to perform an active reading task (a simulated work-related reading task) with three types of media (paper, computer, and iPad). Readers\' uses of reading strategies were identified from task observation and Retrospective Think Aloud (RTA) sessions. Quantitative analyses revealed significant differences in readers\' use of reading strategies, and which depended on both the type of media and individual attributes (generation). Detailed qualitative analyses were conducted to help explain the underlying reasons for these differences in the use of reading strategies.<br />Second, based on the identified reading strategies, the relationships between readers\' use of reading strategies and their performance and subjective responses were examined. Such outcome measures have traditionally been used to assess the efficacy of different reading media. However, previous studies have generated conflicting results and did not clearly demonstrate the underlying aspects that influence readers\' performance and subjective responses. The results of this study showed a clear association between readers\' use of reading strategies and their performance and subjective responses. Accordingly, it was revealed that participants who used the reading strategies they developed in their formative period exhibited higher subjective responses. <br />Third, again based on the identified reading strategies, the association between readers\' use of reading strategies and cognitive load was examined. Reading from electronic media has been regarded as requiring more cognitive resources than reading from paper. However, it has not been well understood precisely which aspects of reading from different media actually influence cognitive load in terms of cognitive and metacognitive perspectives. The results reported herein showed an association between reading strategies and cognitive load. Therefore, this study revealed that the use of reading strategies was critical to their cognitive load.<br />Overall, this research demonstrated how reading strategies could be used as process measures to assess the effectiveness of specific media for active reading activities. The way in which people interact with a text (readers\' use of reading strategies) was affected by the medium, as well as by generation-specific reading practices. The extent to which reading strategies can explain reading differences was confirmed, by investigating the associations between readers\' use of reading strategies and other measures. These findings can contribute to the design of reading media and help to determine the most suitable reading media for active reading activities (e.g., work-related reading activities). In addition, the findings also support the importance of culturally situated experience for non-routine cognitive activities and the use of an integrated approach that takes into account both cognitive and cultural aspects in designing human-computer interaction for non-routine cognitive activities.<br>Ph. D.
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Baril, Mathieu. "Relation entre une mesure subjective des compétences émotionnelles de gestionnaires du domaine financier et leur niveau de performance au travail." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44608.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Cette recherche étudie les relations entre les compétences émotionnelles, telles qu’évaluées par l'inventaire de quotient émotionnel Bar-On, et le niveau de performance de 119 gestionnaires du domaine des finances. Les résultats indiquent que le quotient émotionnel global des gestionnaires affiche une corrélation positive significative avec leur niveau de performance au travail (r = .21, p < .001). Les analyses concernant les relations entre les compétences émotionnelles et la performance au travail ont mis a jour des corrélations significatives, mais faibles, allant de .19 a .25 pour l'estime de soi, la conscience de sa vie affective, I'assurance, l'indépendance, la tolérance au stress, le test de la réalité, la résolution de problèmes, l'optimisme et le bonheur. Une analyse discriminante effectuée a partir des scores obtenus aux sous-échelles mesurant ces compétences a permis d’identifier une fonction discriminante composée des scores obtenus aux sous-échelles de I'assurance (ou affirmation de soi) et de la tolérance au stress permettant de classifier concrètement 79.4% des gestionnaires affichant un niveau élevé de performance au travail et 60% des gestionnaires affichant un niveau plus faible de performance.
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Narapareddy, Yagna Brahma Sai. "QoE Performance Evaluation by Introducing Video Freeze on Mobile Multimedia." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18995.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Real time video streaming through mobile Internet is increasing day by day and the video quality can be affected very badly by network performance issues. Video freezing and video jumping are one of the serious issues that affect the user experience badly. Hence service providers are interested to evaluate the performance of quality of experience. We follow the methods from the International Telecommunications Union–Telecommunication Sector(ITU-T)recommendations. In this thesis, we are studying the effect of freezing on user experience by subjective tests and obtaining the mean opinion scores using perceptual video quality assessment tool and analyze which part of the video is affected mostly by introducing freezein selected parts.