Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Stunning method »
Créez une référence correcte selon les styles APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard et plusieurs autres
Consultez les listes thématiques d’articles de revues, de livres, de thèses, de rapports de conférences et d’autres sources académiques sur le sujet « Stunning method ».
À côté de chaque source dans la liste de références il y a un bouton « Ajouter à la bibliographie ». Cliquez sur ce bouton, et nous générerons automatiquement la référence bibliographique pour la source choisie selon votre style de citation préféré : APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
Vous pouvez aussi télécharger le texte intégral de la publication scolaire au format pdf et consulter son résumé en ligne lorsque ces informations sont inclues dans les métadonnées.
Articles de revues sur le sujet "Stunning method"
1
Anil, MH, T. Yesildere, H. Aksu, E. Matur, JL McKinstry, HR Weaver, O. Erdogan, S. Hughes et C. Mason. « Comparison of Halal slaughter with captive bolt stunning and neck cutting in cattle : exsanguination and quality parameters ». Animal Welfare 15, no 4 (novembre 2006) : 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600030645.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractSome supporters of religious slaughter methods claim that efficiency of bleed-out is adversely affected by stunning. Our previous study carried out in sheep at an abattoir comparing the Muslim method of slaughter without stunning with pre-slaughter stunning using a captive bolt or by electrical methods concluded that bleed-out is not adversely affected by stunning, nor improved by a neck cut without stunning. In this paper, a similar study carried out in cattle is reported. In this study, captive bolt stunning followed by neck cutting was compared with the Muslim slaughter method without stunning. The total blood loss, percentage blood loss expressed as a percentage of live weight and percentage loss of estimated total blood were calculated and compared between each group. In addition, the time periods taken to reach 25, 50, 75 and 90% of total blood loss were also calculated. There was no significant difference between the two stunning groups for any of these blood loss variables. The results, subjected to statistical analyses, also showed no apparent difference in the PCV levels and meat quality parameters between treatments. These results confirm the findings with sheep and show that the bleed-out is not adversely affected by captive bolt stunning, nor improved by a neck cut without stunning in cattle. It is anticipated that these findings may help promote the use of stunning methods during Halal slaughter.
2
Aḥmad, Nabil, et Haroon ur Rasheed. « ذبح سے پہلے عمل تدویخ اور معاصر فقہی تحقیقات ». Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 2, no 2 (8 février 2020) : 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.2:2.12.2017.04.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stunning is the process of rendering animals immobile or unconscious, with or without killing the animal, when or immediately prior to slaughtering them for food. In modern slaughterhouses a variety of stunning methods are used on livestock. Methods include: Electrical stunning, Gas stunning, Percussive stunning. There are three opinions of Islamic scholars about stunning. Those scholars; who do not allow stunning at all; are of the view that the method of rendering animals unconscious before slaughter is against the shairah method and Sunnah, and it is Makrooh e Teḥreemi. Before slaughtering, if an animal died due to stunning, then that animal is carcass and is not allowed to be eaten. But, if before slaughter, ḥayat e Mustaqirrah is present in animal and it is slaughtered in that condition then it is permissible to eat it. Certain scholars allow stunning in certain situations with some terms and conditions. The decisions of Mjam e Faqhiyyah of modern age are also based on conditional permission. Moreover, Mufti Muḥammad Taqi Usmani, Dr. Wahabah Zoḥaili and Abdul Aziz Bin Baaz agree with conditional permission, while some other scholars allow all types of stunning without any condition; Mufti Muḥammad Abduho and his pupil Allamah Rasheed Raza Miṣri agree with later opinion.
3
Prayoga, Shabrina Fauzia, Kuncoro Puguh Santoso, Nove Hidajati, Faisal Fikri, Maya Nurwartanti Yunita et Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama. « Aktivitas Superoxide Dismutase pada Serum Darah Babi Landrace yang Disembelih dengan Metode Electrical Stunning ». Jurnal Veteriner 22, no 2 (30 juin 2021) : 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2021.22.2.168.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan aktivitas Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) pada babi Landrace yang disembelih dengan metode stunning dan non-stunning. Sebanyak 18 ekor babi Landrace jantan dewasa yang telah dikebiri dengan masing-masing bobot 115±20 kg dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yakni stunning dan non-stunning dengan pengujian serum pada pre dan post treatment. Electrical stunning dilakukan dengan aliran listrik pada dua elektroda sebesar 220 volt dan 1,3 ampere. Sampel darah diambil sebanyak 3 mL, kemudian diuji aktivitas SODnya.. Hasil aktivitas SOD dianalisis dengan uji T berpasangan untuk membandingkan aktivitas SOD serum antara stunning dan non-stunning pada fase pre dan post treatment. Hasil stunning menunjukkan penurunan signifikan (p<0,05) aktivitas SOD sebesar 56,12±54,47 dibandingkan non-stunning sebesar 137,84±66,63. Aktivitas SOD yang rendah tampak signifikan (p<0,05) juga pada pre-treatment dibandingkan dengan post-treatment. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penyembelihan dengan metode electrical stunning menurunkan aktivitas SOD pada serum babi Landrace.
4
Anil, MH, T. Yesildere, H. Aksu, E. Matur, JL McKinstry, O. Erdogan, S. Hughes et C. Mason. « Comparison of religious slaughter of sheep with methods that include pre-slaughter stunning, and the lack of differences in exsanguination, packed cell volume and meat quality parameters ». Animal Welfare 13, no 4 (novembre 2004) : 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600028633.
Texte intégralRésumé :
AbstractUK legislation requiring pre-slaughter stunning has certain exemptions for religious slaughter. Supporters of both Muslim (Halal) and Jewish (Shechita) slaughter methods claim that the efficiency of the bleed out is adversely affected by stunning. In this study, electrical stunning followed by neck cutting, and captive bolt stunning followed by neck cutting, were compared with the Muslim slaughter method (neck cutting without stunning) in sheep. Total blood loss and percentage blood loss, expressed as a percentage of live weight, were calculated and compared between groups. In addition, the time taken to reach 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of total blood loss was calculated and compared. There was no apparent difference in the packed cell volume levels between groups. Slaughter method did, however, affect meat pH and colour. The results show that the bleed out after neck cutting is not adversely affected by electrical or captive bolt stunning; nor is an improved bleed out achieved by neck cutting without stunning.
5
Terlouw, E. M. Claudia, Véronique Deiss et Thierry Astruc. « Comparing Gas and Electrical Stunning : Effects on Meat Quality of Pigs When Pre-Stunning Physical Activity Is Minimal ». Foods 10, no 2 (3 février 2021) : 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020319.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A total of thirty pigs were experimentally slaughtered using gas (80% CO2 in air, 90 s; 30% CO2/70% N2O; 90 s) or electrical stunning (1.3 A, 10 s). Stunning may accelerate post-mortem muscle metabolism, due to psychological stress and/or muscle contractions. The specific effects of the stunning method were studied by limiting pre-stunning physical activity and stress: pigs were driven in a trolley from the rearing to the stunning site (6.5 m) and immediately slaughtered. Bleeding efficiency and carcass characteristics were similar and satisfactory for all stunning methods. Early post-mortem pH decline in the Longissimus lumborum was faster following gas compared to electrical stunning. The pH of other muscles was not influenced; color and drip loss showed minor effects. Hence, results are in contrast to current beliefs: compared to electrical stunning, following gas stunning, the stress and muscle contractions during the induction of unconsciousness have a slightly greater impact on Longissimus lumborum muscle metabolism; differences are minor and limited to certain muscles only.
6
Sabow, A. B., Y. M. Goh, I. Zulkifli, M. Z. Ab Kadir, U. Kaka, K. D. Adeyemi, A. A. Abubakar, J. C. Imlan, M. Ebrahimi et A. Q. Sazili. « Electroencephalographic and blood parameters changes in anaesthetised goats subjected to slaughter without stunning and slaughter following different electrical stunning methods ». Animal Production Science 59, no 5 (2019) : 849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17486.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Electrical stunning is the most widely used stunning method for sheep and goats. Because low frequency head-to-back electrical stunning induces cardiac arrest, it is non-compliant with halal requirements. In addition, conventional head-only electrical stunning method can have adverse effects on carcass and meat quality. To address these issues high-frequency electrical stunning systems were developed. High frequency head-to-back removes the potential for pain and distress compared with non-stunned slaughter and does not induce cardiac arrest like low frequency head-to-back stunning making it appropriate for halal. However, this claim is yet to be proven through a comprehensive neurophysiological study. Thus, the present study examined the effects of different pre-slaughter electrical stunning methods and slaughter without stunning on electroencephalographic and blood biochemistry changes. Thirty-two male Boer crossbred bucks were distributed into four groups of eight animals each and subjected to slaughter without stunning (SWS), low frequency head-only (LFHO) and low frequency head-to-back (LFHB) or high frequency head-to-back electrical stunning (HFHB). Slaughtering of animals with or without stunning was performed under minimal anaesthesia. Based on electroencephalograph results, at slaughter, the SWS animals showed an increase in brain electrical activity, which is consistent with the presence of post slaughter noxious sensory input associated with tissue damage. Meanwhile the electroencephalograph activities decreased immediately after application of electrical stunning in all animals, suggesting that they were insensible to pain during and after the neck cut. Electrical brain activities for goats subjected to HFHB were comparable to those for LFHO and those for LFHB. The percentage of animals that exhibited severe clonic activity was significantly lower after LFHB or HFHB stunning compared with LFHO. The concentrations of catecholamines and hyperglycemia in electrically stunned goats were higher compared with those from SWS. It was observed that LFHB caused cardiac arrest in all goats whereas all HFHB goats had no cardiac arrest. High frequency head-to-back electrical stunning may be an improvement on non-stunned slaughter and has advantages for meat quality. However, stunning effectiveness after head-to-back electrical stunning with high frequencies needs to be evaluated under industrial conditions before any recommendation is given.
7
Zybert, Andrzej. « Quantification of the Effects of Electrical and CO2 Stunning on Selected Quality Attributes of Fresh Pork : A Meta-Analysis ». Animals 12, no 14 (15 juillet 2022) : 1811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12141811.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Stunning is a statutory pre-slaughter process that may affect the quality of pork. The objective of this study was quantification of the effects of stunning (ES vs. CO2 stunning) on selected quality attributes of pork, using a meta-analytical approach. Data from 18 publications with 46 individual experiments were combined using a random-effect model to estimate the effect size of stunning on the initial and ultimate pH (pH1, pHu); drip loss (DL); colour (lightness—L*, redness—a*, yellowness—b*); and tenderness (expressed as Warner–Bratzler shear force, WBSF) of pork. In overall, loins from ES showed significantly lower pH1 (by 0.08 units); greater DL (by 0.68 p.p.); higher L* (by 1.29 units); and a* (by 0.80 units) as they compared to those from CO2 stunning. In subgroups, a greater-than-overall negative change in pH1, pHu, DL, L* and a* was detected with the application of the head-to-back (HB) stunning method. Additionally, alterations in DL and L* may be magnified with the application of conventional chilling (Conv.) to ES pigs. There was no effect of stunning on WBSF but, due to a low number of research in the database, the reliability of these results may be misleading. These results provide evidence that the differences between these two stunning methods in DL and L* may be diminished by the application of the head-only (HO) or head-to-body (HBO) method, followed by the fast chilling of carcasses.
8
Zulkifli, I., Y. M. Goh, B. Norbaiyah, A. Q. Sazili, M. Lotfi, A. F. Soleimani et A. H. Small. « Changes in blood parameters and electroencephalogram of cattle as affected by different stunning and slaughter methods in cattle ». Animal Production Science 54, no 2 (2014) : 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12128.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The present study aimed to provide a comparative analysis of the effects of penetrative stunning, non-penetrative stunning and post-slaughter stunning on biochemical parameters and electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with stress in heifers and steers. Ten animals were assigned to each of the following four treatment groups: (1) animals were subjected to conventional halal slaughter (a clean incision through the structures on the ventral neck at the approximate level of vertebrae C2–C3 – the trachea, oesophagus, carotid arteries and jugular veins) and post-cut penetrating mechanical stun within 10–20 s of the halal cut (U); (2) high-power non-penetrating mechanical stunning using a mushroom-headed humane killer, followed by conventional halal slaughter (HPNP); (3) low-power non-penetrating mechanical percussive stunning using a mushroom-headed humane killer, followed by conventional halal slaughter (LPNP); and (4) penetrative stunning using a captive-bolt pistol humane killer, followed by conventional halal slaughter (P). For each animal, blood samples and electroencephalogram recordings were taken before stunning, post-stunning (if applicable) and post-slaughter, and plasma concentrations of cortisol, adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), adrenaline, noradrenaline and β-endorphin were determined. Irrespective of the stunning method, except for percentage change in plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, the values of blood parameters attained before and after stunning were not significantly different. The plasma noradrenaline concentration of the HPNP animals was significantly elevated following stunning. Following slaughter, the percentage change of plasma ACTH concentration in the P animals was significantly elevated. Neither stunning method nor sampling time had a significant effect on plasma β-endorphin concentration. On the basis of the EEG results, penetrative stunning seemed to be better in maximising the possibility of post-stunning insensibility, whereas U animals appeared to demonstrate an evident increase in EEG activity which is consistent with the presence of post-slaughter noxious stimuli associated with tissue cut and injury. The U animals had consistently higher, if not the highest, RMS values than did other stunned animals. This indicates a degree of EEG changes associated with stress and pain. On the basis of EEG data, our results suggested that penetrative stunning would be the most reliable method of ensuring insensibility and minimising pain. However, at slaughter, the P animals showed a dramatic elevation in the percentage change of circulating ACTH, suggesting physiological stress response. On a cautionary note, the results are not unequivocal, and it may be that the range of analyses available to researchers at this point of time are not sufficiently specific to allow definitive conclusions to be drawn.
9
Saputro, Eko. « STUNNING : IS IT HALAL FOR PRE-SLAUGHTERING HALAL ANIMALS ? » Jurnal Kewidyaiswaraan 6, no 2 (7 décembre 2021) : 128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56971/jwi.v6i2.149.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The world's Muslim population has exceeded two billion people, the terms and conditions of halal meat for the Muslim community are of great importance both ethically and economically. Since 1976, the Indonesian Ulema Council (ajelis Ulama Indonesi, MUI) has legalized the method of stunning pre-slaughter of halal animals through an MUI Fatwa dated 24 Shawwal 1396 H / October 18, 1976. with the doctrines of the Prophet Muhammad SAW and meet the requirements of the provisions of the Shari'a and the law is legal and halal (lawful), and therefore, it is hoped that the Muslims will not doubt it. However, it has not been explained in the fatwa regarding the various methods and existing stunning equipment that meet the halal requirements for the halal slaughter of various halal animals. This has sparked debate among Muslims as well as animal welfare activists. A very important and critical operation at the abattoir is the transformation of a halal animal into a healthy piece of halal meat for human consumption through a ritual process of halal slaughter. This article does not discuss the debate about halal slaughter without stunning being inhumane or slaughter with stunning being controversial from an Islamic point of view. This article discusses the slaughter, stunning and welfare of animals by considering the requirements of Islamic law and animal welfare laws. From the point of view of animal welfare standards, a number of issues have been raised regarding halal slaughter without stunning, in particular, regarding the stress-required laying method and unconscious latency. This paper discusses various methods of halal pre-slaughter stunning stunning various halal animals that have been permitted by Islamic authorities.
10
de la Rosa, Ignacio, Pedro L. Castro et Rafael Ginés. « Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter ». Animals 11, no 8 (22 juillet 2021) : 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082164.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.
Thèses sur le sujet "Stunning method"
1
Azam, Khairul. « Factors affecting the post-mortem quality of farmed fish with particular reference to methods of stunning ». Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302594.
Texte intégral
2
Barkerud, Rickard. « Welfare Evaluation of Stunning Practices for Farmed Fish in the European Union ». Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107042.
Texte intégralRésumé :
An optimal method for stunning animals before slaughter should result in instantaneous and irreversible insensibility. Today, there are various stunning and slaughter practices used around the world for farmed fish. With aquaculture being a growing food sector, the welfare of the animals used has become increasingly important in the consciousness of consumers, researchers and regulatory bodies. With growing research into the subject matter, an overview to summarize and examine how these practices impact on the welfare of the fish, and how well they conform to animal welfare legislation, is warranted to minimize the suffering of farmed fish. Stunning practices used in aquaculture include methods such as electrical and percussive stunning, carbon dioxide and asphyxiation. Each with its own level of effectiveness in terms of how fast the method results in loss of consciousness, whether or not the effect is reversible and how the welfare of the fish is affected as determined by behavioural and physiological stress responses. It was concluded that there is no unambiguous answer as to which stunning method is optimal in regard to animal welfare in modern day aquaculture. The optimal method for a given facility is influenced by factors like practicalities relating to each individual method as well as legislation on EU and national level. Suggestions were made for future research.
3
Coore, Ramanujan Reuben. « Investigations into blood and tissue contamination of carcasses with brain material following the use of pre-slaughter stunning methods in cattle and sheep ». Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/632e6925-937d-40da-9f2d-30b749977bc5.
Texte intégral
4
Trindade, Mafalda Isabel Pinto. « Os métodos de atordoamento mais usados em matadouro de aves de capoeira ». Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1752.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA actividade médico-veterinária realizada no âmbito da Inspecção Sanitária em matadouros é de enorme importância, na medida em que contribui para a obtenção de produtos alimentares de qualidade higiossanitária. O consumo de carne de frango tem vindo a aumentar nos últimos anos, devido à sua maior incorporação na dieta e também pela substituição por outras carnes. Os meses em que mais aves foram abatidas foram os de Julho a Setembro. No decurso do estágio inspeccionaram-se 4 502 422 frangos. Um dos objectivos do estágio foi aprender com o veterinário oficial do matadouro o exercício da sua actividade que, de acordo com a legislação em vigor na UE., inclui tarefas de auditoria e inspecção, controlo sobre a marcação de salubridade, responsabilidade na comunicação de resultados e na tomada de decisões relativamente às inconformidades com que é confrontado. O outro objectivo foi o de fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os métodos de atordoamento mais utilizados nos matadouros de aves de capoeira, uma vez que no matadouro onde decorreu o estágio eram usados dois métodos de atordoamento. O bem-estar animal é um tema que cada vez mais preocupa a opinião pública, por isso é tão importante abordar os temas com ele relacionados, sobretudo durante o abate.
ABSTRACT - The veterinary activity held under the Sanitary Inspection in slaughterhouses has a huge importance in the way that contributes to the achieve quality food products. The consumption of chicken meat has increased in the recent years, due to a great incorporation in the diet and also by substitution if other meats. The months in which more poultry were killed, were July till September. During this period where inspected 4 502 422 poultry. One of the objectives of the period of training was to learn with the official veterinarian of the slaughterhouse how to perform his activity which, in accordance with the actual legislation in the U.E., includes tasks of auditorship and meat inspection, control on the label of salubrity, responsibility in the communication of results and in the making of decisions when faced with unconformities. The other goal was to do a literature review of the stunning methods more used in a poultry slaughterhouse, since that in the slaughterhouse where this activity took place there were two stunning methods. The animal welfare is concerning the public, that’s why it’s so important to talk about these aspects, especially during the killing.
5
Seco, Ana Margarida Maurício. « Abate de corvina (Argyrossomus regius) : qual o método que minimiza o stress e maximiza a qualidade ? » Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19258.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Dissertação de Mestrago Integrado em Medicina VeterináriaA etapa do abate é um dos pontos críticos na gestão da piscicultura, ao induzir stress nos peixes, o que não só afeta o bem-estar animal, como também a qualidade do produto final. No decorrer das investigações relativas à neuroanatomia e neurofisiologia dos peixes, é cada vez mais aceite que, tal como os mamíferos e aves, os peixes também são animais sencientes. Contudo, não são abrangidos pelo regulamento relativo à proteção dos animais no abate. Como tal, a etapa do abate de peixes acaba por ser negligenciada, ao ter pouca ou nenhuma consideração pelo bem-estar animal. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é dar uma visão integrada dos efeitos de diferentes métodos de atordoamento e abate na corvina (Argyrosomus regius), um peixe teleósteo da família Sciaenidae, com crescente utilização na aquacultura. Os métodos estudados foram asfixia por exposição ao ar, termonarcose, eletronarcose, secção medular e iki jime. Foi avaliada a influência destes métodos nas componentes bem-estar animal e qualidade. No que se refere ao bem-estar animal, procedeu-se à avaliação da insensibilização e da resposta fisiológica ao stress, quanto à qualidade foi avaliada a evolução do músculo post mortem (rigor mortis) em associação com a avaliação sensorial do grau frescura. Os resultados revelaram que, o método japonês iki jime foi o único a induzir insensibilização imediata que, por sua vez, apresentou a resposta ao stress mais discreta e melhores resultados em termos de qualidade. Também foi possível apoiar a tese de que a asfixia por exposição ao ar não é uma prática ética, ao induzir uma resposta ao stress grave, o que demonstrou afetar de forma negativa a qualidade, ao acelerar o desenvolvimento do rigor mortis e, por sua vez, a deterioração do músculo. Como complementaridade ao estudo anterior, foi realizado um inquérito por questionário, com o objetivo de avaliar a perceção do consumidor sobre o abate de peixes. Os resultados revelaram que, existe um forte desconhecimento acerca deste domínio, sobretudo no que se refere aos métodos de atordoamento e abate alternativos ao método praticado na pesca tradicional (asfixia por exposição ao ar). Contudo, os resultados revelaram também que, o método de abate a que o peixe for submetido pode influenciar a atitude do cidadão enquanto consumidor, o que pode representar um impacto no mercado. O reforço desta preocupação com o bem-estar dos peixes no abate, para além de promover a adoção de práticas mais éticas, também contribui para melhorar a qualidade, e assim, satisfazer as necessidades das caraterísticas intrínseca e extrínsecas do produto, exigidas por parte do consumidor.
ABSTRACT - Slaughter of meagre (Argyrosomus regius): what is the method that minimizes stress and maximizes quality? The slaughter is one of the important steps in fish farming management, it causes stress on animals and consequently reduces animal welfare as well as the quality of the product. In the course of investigations into the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of fish, it is becoming more accepted, that like mammals and birds, fish are also sentient animals. However, they are not embraced by animal rights regulations. Therefore, the stage of fish slaughter ends up being neglected, with no consideration for the animal welfare. The main objective of this dissertation is to provide an evaluation of the effects of different stunning and slaughter methods in meagre (Argyrosomus regius), a teleost fish of the Sciaenidae family, with increasing exploration in aquaculture. The methods studied were: asphyxiation by air exposure, thermonarcosis, electronarcosis, medullary section and iki jime. The influence of these methods on animal welfare and quality components was evaluated. With regard to animal welfare, the sensitization and physiological response to stress were evaluated. The quality of the post mortem muscle (rigor mortis) evolution was evaluated in association with the sensory evaluation of the freshness degree. The results showed that the Japanese, iki jime, method was the only one that induced immediate insensitivity, which in turn had a lower stress response and better quality. It was also possible to concluded that asphyxiation by air exposure is not an ethic practice, causing high levels of stress, which negatively affects meat quality by accelerating the process of fish deterioration. As a complement to the previous study, a survey was conducted to assess fish slaughter awareness by fish consumers. The results revealed that fish slaughter is still a fairly unknown subject, especially regarding the alternative methods to the traditional method (asphyxiation by air exposure). However, it revealed that consumers preference can be influence, when they are aware of the different slaughter methods, which can have an impact on the market. Using slaughter methods that take animal welfare in account, will not only reduce the animal stress but also improve fish quality, and thus meeting the needs of the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the product by the consumer.
N/A
6
SECCI, GIULIA. « Lipid Oxidation in Fish and Fish Products of Interest for European Aquaculture ». Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1036029.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis is based on three main trials. The overall aim of the present PhD thesis was to investigate the effect of some infra vitam and post mortem factors on oxidative stability of fish muscle. Killing procedures, such as percussion, asphyxia in air, and asphyxia by carbon monoxide (CO) were tested. Moreover, the effect of the utilization of mechanical separation technique (MSM) on oxidative stability of fish muscle was also investigated.
The first research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of slaughtering procedures on oxidative stress and oxidative stability of muscle of
farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykiss). Specifically, asphyxia in air was utilized as stressful method whilst percussion as a no-stress one. Stress at slaughter was assessed both by nucleotides analysis of muscle and lipid mediators detection in fish plasma. Moreover, the overall aim was to verify if stress during slaughter is reflected by the presence of some oxidative biomarkers in plasma, and if such as stress may affect the oxidative stability of fish muscle during a long term frozen storage (-10 °C, 165 days). Results revealed that stress during slaughter can greatly influence oxidative stress and oxidative stability of rainbow trout fillets. In fact, asphyxia, which was the most stressful method, induced a higher production of some lipid mediators such as hydroperoxides and EPA-derived prostaglandins, such as 12-HpHEPE/15-HpHEPE and PGD3/PGE3. As a consequence, fillets derived from asphyxiated fish were less stable in terms of oxidative stability and showed lower shelf-life.
In the second research, Atlantic salmon was utilized as target species in order to evaluate the effect of different stunning/killing procedures on lipid and cholesterol oxidation during 14 days of refrigerated storage. Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recently utilized as a new stunning/killing procedure for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), however no studies on its effect on fillets quality were previously performed. For this
reason, lipid and cholesterol oxidation of fillets were evaluated at two times of refrigerated (2.5 °C) storage, T0 (64 h after death) and T14 (14 days from T0). The use of CO was compared with the percussion (P) method, considered as control. Results revealed that fatty acid profile, primary (conjugated dienes) and secondary (TBARS) oxidation products, cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and carotenoids were unaffected by the killing method. Despite the low oxidative status of lipids (0.66 and 0.60 mg malondialdehyde kg-1 muscle in P and CO fish, respectively), cholesterol was
found to be highly oxidized (0.17 and 0.13 mg COPs kg-1). Moreover, storage was found to significantly affect the oxidative stability of fish muscle by increasing oxidation products. Interestingly, TBARS content doubled while the increase for COPs was not homogeneous: α- and β-epoxycholesterol increased by 25%, whereas triol and 7-ketocholesterol increased by 48 and 62% respectively. In conclusion, the quality of salmon fillets just after slaughtering and after 14 days of refrigerated storage at 2.5 °C did not change, irrespective of the killing method adopted, suggesting that the CO
method may be applied without any detrimental effect on the quality of fish fillets. Nevertheless, storage time was confirmed to be a critical phase in order to maintain unaltered fish fillets quality.
In the third study instead, the effect of a post mortem factor such as mechanical separation process for obtaining “mechanically separated meat” (MSM) from decapitated and eviscerated fish was studied. Mechanically separated meat has been utilized in certain meat and meat products, especially from pork, beef and chicken. This process however, is not so applied in European fish industries. The overall aim of this third research was to evaluate the effect of that process on physical and chemical properties of three species farmed in the European aquaculture as well as European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynkus mykiss). Specifically, MSM-burgers were compared with minced-burgers and whole fillets by evaluating colour, dienes, TBARS, and fatty acid profiles during storage.
7
CONCOLLATO, ANNA. « Fish welfare and quality assessment by conventional and innovative methods ». Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/989606.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The overall aim of my
research was on one side, to investigate the possibility of using rapid and nondestructive
methods for the determination of fish fillets quality and their
classification, on the other side, to find out the stunning/slaughtering method able to
guarantee a minimal or to completely avoid stress condition at the moment
immediately prior of the slaughtering process, by assessing the effects on fillets
quality by conventional and innovative methods, from two different farmed species
[Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) and rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss)].
Percussion, asphyxia in the air, electroshock and asphyxia by carbon monoxide (CO)
were tested; behaviour (on Atlantic salmon), stress indicators, shelf-life evolution
during cold storage (raw fillets) and sensory analysis (cooked fillets) have been
investigated, depending on stunning/slaughtering method and, in the case of rainbow
trout, also on water rearing temperature.
8
Rees, Melissa Paige. « Effect of accelerated boning of pork carcasses on fresh meat quality and tenderisation ». Thesis, 1999. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15671/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Variations in pork tenderness, ageing and overall meat quality were investigated to determine optimal boning methods to overcome tenderness problems associated with
pork. Accelerated boning, stunning method (carbon dioxide verses electrical), chilling conditions and low voltage electrical stimulation were investigated to determine the
impacts of these conditions on eating quality of pork longissimus, particularly tenderness.
Livres sur le sujet "Stunning method"
1
Espalin, Wilfred. Stained Glass : a Beginners Guide to Stunning Stained Glass Methods, Techniques and Projects : Stained Glass Art. Independently Published, 2021.
Trouver le texte intégral
2
Schwitter, Juerg, et Jens Bremerich. Cardiac magnetic resonance in the intensive and cardiac care unit. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0023.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current applications of cardiac magnetic resonance offer a wide spectrum of indications in the setting of acute cardiac care. In particular, cardiac magnetic resonance is helpful for the differential diagnosis of chest pain by the detection of ischaemia, myocardial stunning, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Also, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute aortic diseases can be evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance and are important differential diagnoses in patients with acute chest pain. In patients with restricted windows for echocardiography, according to guidelines, cardiac magnetic resonance is the method of choice to evaluate complications of an acute myocardial infarction. In an acute myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance allows for a unique characterization of myocardial damage by quantifying necrosis, microvascular obstruction, oedema (i.e. area at risk), and haemorrhage. These features will help us to understand better the pathophysiological events during infarction and will also allow us to assess new treatment strategies in acute myocardial infarction. To which extent the information on tissue damage will guide patient management is not yet clear, and further research, e.g. in the setting of the European Cardiovascular MR registry, is ongoing to address this issue. Recent studies also demonstrated the possiblity to reduce costs in the management of acute coronary syndromes when cardiac magnetic resonance is integrated into the routine work-up. In the near future, applications of cardiac magnetic resonance will continue to expand in the acute cardiac care units, as manufacturers are now strongly focusing on this aspect of user-friendliness. Finally, in the next decade or so, magnetic resonance imaging of other nuclei, such as fluorine and carbon, might become a reality in clinics, which would allow for metabolic and targeted molecular imaging with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
3
Schwitter, Juerg, et Jens Bremerich. Cardiac magnetic resonance in the intensive and cardiac care unit. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0023_update_001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current applications of cardiac magnetic resonance offer a wide spectrum of indications in the setting of acute cardiac care. In particular, cardiac magnetic resonance is helpful for the differential diagnosis of chest pain by the detection of ischaemia, myocardial stunning, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Also, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute aortic diseases can be evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance and are important differential diagnoses in patients with acute chest pain. In patients with restricted windows for echocardiography, according to guidelines, cardiac magnetic resonance is the method of choice to evaluate complications of an acute myocardial infarction. In an acute myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance allows for a unique characterization of myocardial damage by quantifying necrosis, microvascular obstruction, oedema (i.e. area at risk), and haemorrhage. These features will help us to understand better the pathophysiological events during infarction and will also allow us to assess new treatment strategies in acute myocardial infarction. To which extent the information on tissue damage will guide patient management is not yet clear, and further research, e.g. in the setting of the European Cardiovascular MR registry, is ongoing to address this issue. Recent studies also demonstrated the possiblity to reduce costs in the management of acute coronary syndromes when cardiac magnetic resonance is integrated into the routine work-up. In the near future, applications of cardiac magnetic resonance will continue to expand in the acute cardiac care units, as manufacturers are now strongly focusing on this aspect of user-friendliness. Finally, in the next decade or so, magnetic resonance imaging of other nuclei, such as fluorine and carbon, might become a reality in clinics, which would allow for metabolic and targeted molecular imaging with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
4
Schwitter, Juerg, et Jens Bremerich. Cardiac magnetic resonance in the intensive and cardiac care unit. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0023_update_002.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current applications of cardiac magnetic resonance offer a wide spectrum of indications in the setting of acute cardiac care. In particular, cardiac magnetic resonance is helpful for the differential diagnosis of chest pain by the detection of ischaemia, myocardial stunning, myocarditis, and pericarditis. Also, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute aortic diseases can be evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance and are important differential diagnoses in patients with acute chest pain. In patients with restricted windows for echocardiography, according to guidelines, cardiac magnetic resonance is the method of choice to evaluate complications of an acute myocardial infarction. In an acute myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance allows for a unique characterization of myocardial damage by quantifying necrosis, microvascular obstruction, oedema (i.e. area at risk), and haemorrhage. These features will help us to understand better the pathophysiological events during infarction and will also allow us to assess new treatment strategies in acute myocardial infarction. To which extent the information on tissue damage will guide patient management is not yet clear, and further research, e.g. in the setting of the European Cardiovascular MR registry, is ongoing to address this issue. Recent studies also demonstrated the possiblity to reduce costs in the management of acute coronary syndromes when cardiac magnetic resonance is integrated into the routine work-up. In the near future, applications of cardiac magnetic resonance will continue to expand in the acute cardiac care units, as manufacturers are now strongly focusing on this aspect of user-friendliness. Finally, in the next decade or so, magnetic resonance imaging of other nuclei, such as fluorine and carbon, might become a reality in clinics, which would allow for metabolic and targeted molecular imaging with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
5
Art on Illustrating Creatures : Learn All the Methods You Will Need Use to Draw Stunningly Realistic Looking Animals. Independently Published, 2020.
Trouver le texte intégral
6
Wilson, T. K. Killing Strangers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863502.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
A bewildering feature of so much contemporary political violence is its stunning impersonality. Every major city centre becomes a potential shooting gallery; and every metro system a potential bomb alley. Victims just happen, as the saying goes, to ‘be in the wrong place at the wrong time’. Killing Strangers tackles the question of how such violence became ‘unchained’ from inter-personal relationships. It traces the rise of such impersonal violence by examining violence in conjunction with changing social and political realities across Western Europe and North America since the late eighteenth century. In particular, it traces both ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors. On the one hand, the rise of the modern state with its titanic bureaucratic resources of monitoring and coercion forced the violence of opponents into niche forms. On the other hand, social and technological changes offered fresh opportunities to cause mayhem in startlingly new ways. Both forces are necessary for any understanding of why contemporary political violence takes the forms that it does.
7
Hammond, Brandon. Mastering Real Estate Investing : Rental Property + Flipping Houses : Stunning Methods on How to Profit, Build up Passive Income and Reach Financial Freedom Even If You Are a Beginner. Independently Published, 2018.
Trouver le texte intégral
8
Broussal-Derval, Aurélien, et Stéphane Ganneau. The Modern Art and Science of Mobility. Human Kinetics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718214606.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Modern Art and Science of Mobility is a striking visual guide to releasing muscle tension and activating muscles for functional motion. It goes beyond traditional training methods that focus on performance and aesthetics and asks these simple questions: Are you truly reaping the full benefits of training if it does not include mobility exercises? Why are the vast majority of people, even the most athletic individuals, unable to perform basic motor tasks without pain or difficulty? Why are physically active people still dealing with lack of mobility and chronic injury? Whether you are a casual exerciser or an elite athlete, you will learn how to preserve and maintain your body with over 300 exercises designed to improve mobility, facilitate recovery, reduce pain, and activate muscles. Utilize the self-tests to assess your current level of mobility, and then choose from over 50 prescriptive training routines that can be used as is or customized to target specific functional chains. You’ll find exercise recommendations based on body region, activity, and primary goal, and you’ll learn to incorporate a variety of techniques and popular equipment, including resistance bands, foam rollers, massage balls, and stability balls. The Modern Art and Science of Mobility provides a stunning visual presentation with over 1,200 photos and 100 original illustrations by Stéphane Ganneau. His illustrations highlight the muscles with precision, and his avant-garde style and the harmony of colors give this book a unique graphic signature. Mobility is the foundation for training your best and feeling your best. The Modern Art and Science of Mobility will help you do just that by helping you to alleviate pain, improve posture, and release muscle tension for a more comfortable and enjoyable quality of life.
9
Brown, Pamela Allen. The Diva's Gift to the Shakespearean Stage. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867838.001.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The Diva’s Gift to the Shakespearean Stage traces the transnational connections between Shakespeare’s all-male stage and the first female stars in the West. The book is the first to use Italian and English plays and other sources to explore this relationship, focusing on the gifted actress who radically altered female roles and expanded the horizons of drama just as the English were building their first paying theaters. By the time Shakespeare began to write plays, women had been acting professionally in Italian troupes for two decades, traveling across the Continent and acting in all genres, including tragicomedy and tragedy. Isabella Andreini, Vittoria Piissimi, and Barbara Flaminia became the first truly international stars, winning royal and noble patrons and literary admirers beyond Italy; their artistry enabled mixed companies to expand in foreign markets, especially in France and Spain. Elizabeth and her court caught wind of the Italians’ success, and soon troupes with actresses came to London to perform. Through contacts direct and indirect, English playwrights grew keenly aware of the mimetic revolution wrought by the skilled diva, who expanded the innamorata and made the type more engaging, outspoken, and autonomous. Some Englishmen pushed back, treating the actress as a whorish threat to the all-male stage, which had long minimized female roles. Others saw a vital new resource. Faced with rising demand for Italian-style plays, Lyly, Marlowe, Kyd, and Shakespeare used Italian models from scripted and improvised drama to turn out stellar female parts in the mode of the actress, altering them in significant ways while continuing to use boys to play them. Writers seized on the comici’s materials and methods to piece together pastoral, comic, and tragicomic plays from mobile theatergrams—plot elements, star scenes, roles, stories, and speeches, such as cross-dressing, mad scenes, and spoken and sung laments. Shakespeare and his peers gave new prominence to female characters, marked their passions as un-English, and devised plots that figured them as self-aware agents, not counters traded between men. Playing up the skills and charisma of the boy player, they produced stunning roles charged with the diva’s prodigious theatricality and alien glamour. Rightly perceived, the diva’s star persona and acclaimed performances constituted challenging and timely gifts that provoked English playwrights to break with the past in enormously generative ways.
Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Stunning method"
1
Temple, Grandin. « Improving livestock, poultry, and fish welfare in slaughter plants with auditing programs and animal-based measures. » Dans Improving animal welfare : a practical approach, 181–209. 3e éd. Wallingford : CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0181.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract This chapter discusses slaughter procedures with animal-based measures (ABMs), the principles of all types of stunning methods, gas and low atmospheric pressure stunning (LAPS), how to determine insensibility (unconsciousness), welfare issues associated with slaughter without stunning and how to solve animal handling and stunning problems.
2
Berg, Charlotte (Lotta), et Mohan Raj. « Review of scientific research studies on poultry stunning methods. » Dans The slaughter of farmed animals : practical ways of enhancing animal welfare, 111–22. Wallingford : CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789240573.0111.
Texte intégral
3
von Wenzlawowicz, Martin. « »Reversible (head-only) electrical stunning« – Method and experience : example Germany ». Dans Tierschutz bei der religiösen Schlachtung / Animal Welfare at Religious Slaughter, 243–45. Nomos, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845221120-243.
Texte intégral
4
Cronin, Elizabeth. « Brilliant ! Enthusiasm for the Aesthetic Qualities of Lippmann’s Interferential Photography ». Dans Gabriel Lippmann's Colour Photography. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland : Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728553_ch07.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In 1908 Edward Steichen wrote in Camera Work: “… we must not forget Professor Lippmann, who gave us what is undoubtedly the most wonderful process of colour photography.” Comparing the striking colour to that of a good Renoir, Steichen placed aesthetic value on the photographs and yet, the Lippmann method is remembered primarily for its scientific value and for its failure as a stunning but impractical process. This chapter resituates the Lippmann process as a visually compelling object by examining what its practitioners thought about it, where they exhibited the plates and how they were received. Lippmann photographs represent more than difficult science. They were the product of a diverse web of scientists, artists, and photographers all seeking to advance colour photography.
5
Evgeny, Shutov, et Filatova Natalia. « Сardiorenal Syndrome in Patients on Renal Replacement Therapy ». Dans Renal Replacement Therapy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100493.
Texte intégralRésumé :
In this chapter authors discusses cardiorenal relationships in patients with renal replacement therapy (RRT) which are considered as a separate type of cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Frequency and severity of CRS in patients on dialysis are correlated with quantity of years of the dialysis treatment; depend on quality of dialysis regimen and level of residual renal function. RRT-associated cardiac pathology are including left ventricular hypertrophy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, coronary atherosclerosis and calcinosis, severe arrhythmias. The article analyzes role of malnutrition and dialysis-induced cachexia, bio-incompatibility of dialysis membranes, oxidative stress and inflammation, arterio-venous fistula, decrease of residual renal function in the development of dialysis-induced CRS. The review examines the mechanisms of progressive myocardial ischemia induced by dialysis: myocardial stunning, hemodialysis-induced hypotension, uremic small vessel disease. Prevention of dialysis-induced CRS includes a choice of the optimal RRT method (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis), соntrol of dialysis regimen, residual renal function, biocompatibility of membrane, inflammatory markers, body mass index, serum level albumin, phosphate, calcium, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23. Electrocardiogram, ultrasonic monitoring and coronarography reveals indications for соnservative cardioprotective therapy and angioplasty interventions, including coronary artery bypass surgery and cardiac pacemaker implantation, in patients with dialysis-induced CRS.
6
Binder, Regina. « »Post-cut Stunning« – Methods and experience : example Austria ». Dans Tierschutz bei der religiösen Schlachtung / Animal Welfare at Religious Slaughter, 239–42. Nomos, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845221120-239.
Texte intégral
7
Schwitter, Juerg, et Jens Bremerich. « Cardiac magnetic resonance in the intensive and cardiac care unit ». Dans The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, sous la direction de Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Susanna Price et Christiaan Vrints, 246–64. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0021.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Current applications of cardiac magnetic resonance offer a wide spectrum of indications in the setting of acute cardiac care. In particular, cardiac magnetic resonance is helpful for the differential diagnosis of chest pain through the detection of ischaemia, myocardial stunning, myocarditis, including chemotherapy-induced myocarditis, and pericarditis. Also, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and acute aortic diseases can be evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance and are important differential diagnoses in patients with acute chest pain. In patients with restricted windows for echocardiography, according to guidelines, cardiac magnetic resonance is the method of choice to evaluate complications of an acute myocardial infarction. In an acute myocardial infarction, cardiac magnetic resonance allows for unique characterization of myocardial damage by quantifying necrosis, microvascular obstruction, oedema (i.e. areas at risk), and haemorrhage. These features will help us to understand better the pathophysiological events during infarction and will also allow us to assess new treatment strategies in acute myocardial infarction. To which extent the information on tissue damage will guide patient management is not yet clear, and further research is ongoing to address this issue. Recent studies also demonstrated the possibility to reduce costs in the management of acute coronary syndromes when cardiac magnetic resonance is integrated into the routine work-up. In the near future, applications of cardiac magnetic resonance will continue to expand in acute cardiac care units, as manufacturers are now strongly focusing on this aspect of user-friendliness. Finally, in the next decade or so, magnetic resonance imaging using other nuclei, such as fluorine and carbon, might become a reality in clinics, which would allow for metabolic and targeted molecular imaging with excellent sensitivity and specificity.
8
Verschuur, Gerrit L. « The Birth of the Earth ». Dans Impact ! Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195101058.003.0008.
Texte intégralRésumé :
As we apprehend the likelihood of an almost inconceivable cosmic impact occurring again at some time in the future, it is worth considering how we got to be here in the first place. The quest for an explanation of our origins is, of course, as old as the ability of humans to conceptualize questions and consider answers. Our species has probably been able to do that for hundreds of thousands of years, since well before evidence of its ability to comprehend was etched in cave paintings, perhaps back in an age when stone tools began to be patiently chipped out of flint rock. But when questions about origins were first hesitatingly formulated, answers could only be invented. There was no way any human beings could have known back then what we know now about the nature of the universe and its contents. Our collective ability to understand the world in which we live received an enormous impetus starting about 400 years ago when the scientific method for approaching reality was first practiced. That was when it was discovered that through experiment and observation, and above all through measurement, it became possible to unravel the secrets of the universe. That was when Galileo first pointed a telescope at the heavens, William Gilbert experimented with natural magnets, and Johannes Kepler discovered the laws of planetary motion. Since then, our species has gathered a stunning new perspective on the nature of this universe and its origins, a perspective that has relegated to the back burner of human thought most of the fantasies that have so long held sway over the human mind. As a result of the high technology that has emerged during this century, scientists have learned to probe into the depths of matter and into the farthest reaches of space. In the course of this exploration, astronomers, in particular, have learned that the universe has its roots in awesome violence and that the birth of the earth and moon were accompanied by what, from our perspective, would be considered catastrophic events. Were anything remotely similar to occur today, all life on earth would be instantly terminated.
9
Binder, Regina. « »Post-cut Stunning«, die Betäubung nach dem Schnitt – Methode und Erfahrungen : Beispiel Österreich ». Dans Tierschutz bei der religiösen Schlachtung / Animal Welfare at Religious Slaughter, 52–55. Nomos, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845221120-52.
Texte intégral
10
Cox, Mary Elisabeth. « Introduction ». Dans Hunger in War and Peace, 1–16. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820116.003.0001.
Texte intégralRésumé :
The First World War has been the topic of many scholarly and popular books, and the extent of German civilian nutritional deprivation has been debated since the war. But new research offers a stunning picture of the impact of the war on German women and children. By using a variety of sources and methods, including height and weight measurements from over 600,000 children during the war, as well as diaries, reports, legal and diplomatic documents, letters, and children’s drawings, nutritional deprivation experienced by civilians can be elucidated. It should be little surprise that the stratification of German society before the war largely determined which families persisted and those which perished during wartime. But the data also reveal that food aid imported to Germany after the Treaty of Versailles helped poor children recover their growth far more quickly than their affluent counterparts. The fact that this most vicious of conflicts was followed by the unification of former foes in an effort to save German children might offer hope for the future.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Stunning method"
1
Mullins, Oliver, Andrew Pomerantz et Yunlong Zhang. « Asphaltenes : Fundamental Principles to Oilfield Applications ». Dans SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206091-ms.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract The sophisticated molecular imaging methods, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), have been utilized to image individual asphaltene molecules, both their atoms and bonds, and their electronic structure. The stunning images have confirmed previous results and have all but resolved the long-standing uncertainties regarding asphaltene molecular architecture. Asphaltenes are also known to have a strong propensity to aggregate. The dominante asphaltene molecular structure and hierarchical nanocolloidal structures have been resolved and codified in the Yen-Mullins model. Use of this model in a simple polymer solution theory has given the first equation of state (EoS) for asphaltene gradients in oilfield reservoirs, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo EoS. With this EoS it is now possible to address reservoir connectivity in new ways; equilibrated asphaltenes imply reservoir connectivity. For reservoirs with disequilibrium of contained fluids, there is often a fluid process occurring in geologic time that precludes equilibrium. The collection of processes leading to equilibrium and those that preclude equilibrium constitute a new technical discipline, reservoir fluid geodynamics (RFG). Several reservoirs are reviewed employing RFG evaluation of connectivity via asphaltene thermodynamics. RFG processes in reservoris often include diffusion, RFG models incorporating simple solution to the diffusion equation coupled with quasi-equilibrium with the FHZ EoS are shown to apply for timelines up to 50 million years, the age of charge in a reservoir. When gas (or condensates) diffuse into oil, the asphaltenes are destabilized and can convect to the base of the reservoir. Increasing asphaltene onset pressure as well as viscous oil and tar mats can be consequences. Depending on specifics of the process, either gooey tar or coal-like asphaltene deposits can form. In addition, the asphaltene structures illuminated by AFM are now being used to account for interfacial properties using simple thermodynamics. At long last, asphaltenes are no longer the enigmatic component of crude oil, instead the resolution of asphaltene structures and dynamics has led to new thermodynamic applications in reservoirs, the new discipline RFG, and a new understanding of tar mats.