Articles de revues : « Study Addiction »

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Abilash, K., M. Keerthika et S. Bharathi. « A Study on Prevalence of Behavioural Addictions among College Students ». Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, n^o 4 (2 avril 2019) : 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v6i4.350.

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Background: Behavioural addictions is associated with an uncontrollable urge, loss of control, preoccupation with use and despite consequences. Aim: To study the prevalence of behavioural addictions among college students. Methods& Materials: 300 students are served as participants within the age group of 17 to 19 years. Behavioural addiction questionnaire is administered on 300 college students. Results: The pattern of behavioural addiction screening among college students revealed that the presence of high percentage of addictive use for Cell phone (28.6%), Shopping (22.4%), Internet (20.4%) and television (20.6%). There is significant difference between the behavioural addictions and dimensions of behavioural addictions (Craving, loss of control, compulsion and impact on others). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between Eating Addiction and compulsion, Shopping addiction with dimensions of compulsion and impact on others, Sexual addiction with craving and loss of control, cell phone addiction and dimensions of craving, loss of control and impact on others, television addiction with craving, loss of control and impact on others, internet addiction with craving and impact on others.

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Turel, Ofir, Qinghua He, Gui Xue, Lin Xiao et Antoine Bechara. « Examination of Neural Systems Sub-Serving Facebook “Addiction” ». Psychological Reports 115, n^o 3 (décembre 2014) : 675–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/18.pr0.115c31z8.

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Because addictive behaviors typically result from violated homeostasis of the impulsive (amygdala-striatal) and inhibitory (prefrontal cortex) brain systems, this study examined whether these systems sub-serve a specific case of technology-related addiction, namely Facebook “addiction.” Using a go/no-go paradigm in functional MRI settings, the study examined how these brain systems in 20 Facebook users ( M age = 20.3 yr., SD = 1.3, range = 18–23) who completed a Facebook addiction questionnaire, responded to Facebook and less potent (traffic sign) stimuli. The findings indicated that at least at the examined levels of addiction-like symptoms, technology-related “addictions” share some neural features with substance and gambling addictions, but more importantly they also differ from such addictions in their brain etiology and possibly pathogenesis, as related to abnormal functioning of the inhibitory-control brain system.

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Dubatova, Irina Vladimirovna, et Andrey Viktorovich Antsyborov. « The era of «steel apples» and «green robots». Smartphone addiction : a medical problem, a cultural phenomenon, or a fiction media ? » Interactive science, n^o 9 (43) (19 septembre 2019) : 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-498006.

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The article is devoted to the one of acute problems of society, that is smartphone addiction, because in recent decades, «smart» devices become ingrained in our everyday lives of almost every person. The sphere of interest of many scientific studies is the study of «high-tech» addictions. One of the particular forms of this type of addictive disorder is smartphone addiction. Currently, there is an expansive increase in the prevalence of smartphones on various hardware and software platforms. The authors of the article wonder whether smartphone addiction can be a form of behavioral addiction or we may consider it a part of the «problematic» use by healthy people? To solve this problem, this review examines the correlation relationships between substantive and behavioral addictions based on existing criteria for diagnosing addictive disorders, and also outlines the socio-cultural boundaries of smartphones use.

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Sinclair, Deborah Louise, Steve Sussman, Shazly Savahl, Maria Florence et Wouter Vanderplasschen. « Recovery and Substitute Addictions ». Afrika Focus 35, n^o 2 (20 décembre 2022) : 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-35020011.

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Abstract Substitute addictions – addictions that replace terminated substance use disorders (sud s) – involving addictive behaviours such as a new substance, food/eating, gambling, shopping, or sex, have implications for recovery but remain poorly understood. While extant studies suggest a multifaceted aetiology, research is needed to illuminate the nature, dynamics/mechanisms, motives and risk factors of substitute addictions. This multiple-methods study (1) reviewed the available literature on substitute addiction in people with sud s using a scoping review method; (2) explored the experience of substitute addiction from a first-person perspective using a case study; (3) investigated the prevalence of substitute addiction and associated factors among service users during and after residential substance use treatment using a quantitative longitudinal cohort design (n=137, 66% follow-up rate); (4) explored recovery support group members’ (n=23) perceptions and experiences of substitute addictions using in-depth interviews; and (5) explored service providers’ (n=22) perceptions of substitute addiction through focus group discussions. Findings were integrated across datasets to offer recommendations for prevention, practice and research.

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Krupelnytska, Liudmyla, et Anton Zagumenov. « TENDENCY TO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS AND ITS LINK WITH LIFE-PURPOSE ORIENTATIONS AND PERSONAL TRAITS ». PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL 7, n^o 6 (30 juin 2021) : 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/1.2021.7.6.7.

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The online study involved 48 people. The study was conducted using three methods: Method for diagnostics on tendency to 13 types of addiction (G. Lozova, 2007); Five-factor personality questionnaire (adaptation by A. Khromov, 2000); Purpose-in-Life Test (adaptation by D. Leontiev, 2000). The offer to participate in the study was distributed on the Internet using the Telegram-messenger. Among the subjects were 32 women and 16 men aged 15 to 30 years. 89.7% of respondents are persons aged 19 to 21 years. It was found that 10.4% of respondents have a high level, 68.7% of respondents have average level and 20.8% of respondents have low level of general tendency to addictive behaviors. Tendencies to Alcohol Addiction, Love Addiction, Food Addiction, Work Addiction, Computer Addiction, Addiction on Healthy Lifestyle occur in more than half of the subjects. Manifestations of tendency to certain types of addictive behavior differ in the male and female parts of the sample. According to the high rates of Tendencies to Love, Food, and Work Addictions, the proportion of men is almost one third higher than the proportion of women. According to the high rates of Tendency to Computer Addiction, the proportion of men is five times higher than the corresponding proportion of women. According to the Alcohol Addiction scale, the percentage of men with an average rate is significantly higher than the corresponding percentage of women, while the percentage of women with a high rate on this scale is almost three times higher than the percentage of men (18.8 and 6.3, respectively). On the scales Game Addiction, Drug Addiction, Smoking Addiction, General Addiction there are significantly more men with both medium and high rates. The Tendency to Religious Addiction, Drug Addiction and Addiction on Healthy Lifestyle is mostly "female". The Tendency to TV Addiction is not expressed in either the male or female parts of the sample. It was found that people with a low level of meaningful in life have Tendencies to Love Addiction and Computer Addiction. Their level of General Tendency to Addictive Behavior is higher. People with a higher rate of meaningful in life differ from people with a low rate in such personal qualities as dominance, search for impressions, extroversion, persistence, responsibility, curiosity, artistry, sensitivity, expressiveness. A low rate of meaningful in life is associated with emotional instability, anxiety, depression, self-criticism, tension. It is established that the Tendency to Computer Addiction and the General Tendency to Addiction are inversely related to the goals, process, performance of life, locus of control-I, locus of control-life and meaningful in life; the Tendency to Computer Addiction is inversely related to persistence, and the General Tendency to Addiction is inversely related to dominance and responsibility. The factor structure of Tendency to Addictive Behavior contains the following components: Meaning as a Protective Factor; Chemical Addictions, Self-Control, Health as Super-Value, Eating Your Emotional Instability, Intersexual Addiction vs Alcohol Addiction and Symbiotic Love.

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Kammoun, M. F., A. Anastasiu, T. Dumoulin et J. L. Garrigou. « Hypnosis and Addictions : A Two Cases Report ». European Psychiatry 24, S1 (janvier 2009) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71286-6.

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The addiction's problems are more and more frequent at the psychaitric's consultation. Alcoholism and drug-addiction are the two types of addictions most frequently found.The bases of addiction's therapy are the weaning of the product, and the consolidation of weaning or the avoidance of the relapses.the results remain however very heterogeneous and sometimes disappointing. the usual therapies seem little adapted to the dynamics of addictive pathology, and the rechuttes are increasingly frequent, in the same way the risk of replacement of a symptom by another is not excluded.Can hypnosis help certain people to release their addictions? Hypnosis allows the subject the reinvestment its senses, as well as a modification of its relationship with the outside world. the patient can thus, to fall under a dynamics of change permattant to him to start a process of opening and exceeded the stage or it was solidified and locked up with the toxic product.Few work were carried out in the field of the assumption of responsibility patients suffering from drug-addiction and addictions under hypnosis.The objectives of this work is to study, through the illustration of two clinical cases of our daily practice, the place of hypnosis to help patients suffering from addcitives pathologies.

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M'hamdi, Ibrahim, Afaf Harbil, Abdessamad Bensaid et Omar Benchekroun. « Moroccans’ Perception of Addiction : A Cross-Sectional Study on Stigma and Familiarity Dynamics ». BJPsych Open 8, S1 (juin 2022) : S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2022.224.

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AimsThis study aims to assess the stigmatization of Moroccans towards substance and nonsubstance addictions, as well as to explore its relationship with both demographic factors and addiction familiarity.Methods527 Moroccans anonymously participated in a cross-sectional study via an online survey that was distributed on social media. Participants were randomly assigned 2 vignettes describing either substance (Alcohol and Cannabis) or non-substance (Gambling and Social Media) addictions, followed by the Social Distance Scale and the Familiarity Scale.ResultsA total of 527 individuals answered our online questionnaire. The median age of respondents was 27.6 years (std = 15.66). 56% were females and 44% were males. Among the participants 45% were married and 50% were medical students or health professionals.Using ANOVA and a series of student t-tests, that yielded a p < 0.05, the following results were obtained:A moderate level of stigma was found towards all addictions, except for social media where no stigma was found (p < 0.05). In contrast, the familiarity level was high with social media addiction and low with the other addictions (p < 0.05).The women in our study showed higher stigmatization of all addictions, whereas older people (>43 years) showed higher stigmatization of substance addictions only.Different levels of stigmatization were observed towards the 4 types of addiction; the highest being cannabis addiction and the lowest being social media addiction.Regarding familiarity with addiction, males were more familiar with all types of addiction. Whereas, younger individuals (<23 years) were the least familiar with substance addiction.Moroccans’ familiarity levels with different types of addiction were significantly different. Familiarity with social media addiction was the highest whereas familiarity with gambling addiction was the lowest.Using the Pearson correlation, we found that stigma and familiarity concerning substance addiction were negatively correlated (r=−0,30, p < 0.01). A stronger, yet moderate relationship was found between stigma and familiarity regarding cannabis (r=−0,36, p < 0.01).ConclusionIt seems that Moroccans stigmatize against most addictions, which was found to be influenced by multiple factors including familiarity level, age, and sex. These findings can be used as a base to create a targeted educational campaign to tackle addiction in our society. No significant conclusions were made concerning whether or not the academic level or the health professional background influenced stigmatization, which raises concerns about the Moroccan academic and medical curricula's representation of addiction.

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Çetin, Ebru, Emrah Emiral, Nergis Cantürk et Rukiye Dağalp. « Alcohol Scale, Internet Addiction Scale, E-Victim Scale and E-Bullying Scale in Cigarette Addicted University Students ». Technium Social Sciences Journal 23 (9 septembre 2021) : 456–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v23i1.4325.

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The present study aims to determine the relevant variables for the scores obtained from alcohol addiction, internet addiction, e-bullying, and e-victimization scales of smoking-addictive university students and to investigate the possible correlations between the scales. The study group consists of 300 students who declared that they smoked at least one cigarette every day for the last 6 months. The data were collected with a face-to-face interview method. The form used in the study consisted of items belonging to alcohol addiction, Internet addiction, e-bully, and e-victimization scales. According to the Alcohol Scale, 61.3% of the participants were in the non-addictive group, and 63.3% were in the risk group according to the Internet addiction scale. 2.7% of the participants were e-bullies and 2.3% were e-victims. There was no correlation between the Alcohol Addiction and the Internet Addiction scores of the participants (p>0.05), while a weak positive correlation was detected between the e-bullying and e-victimization scores (for each; p <0.05). A positively weak correlation was found between the Internet Addiction score and e-bullying and e-victimization scores (p <0.05 for each). Our results suggested that students with any type of addiction have a higher risk for other types of addictions (substance-behavioral) as well.

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Thakur, Aditya, Kunal Peepre, Anshi Vaswani, Khyati Gupta, Aman Verma, Dhananjay Singh et Pradeep Kasar. « Internet addiction, behavioural aspects, and health related problems associated with it : a cross sectional study among engineering students of Jabalpur district ». International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, n^o 1 (23 décembre 2017) : 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175729.

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Background: With the rise of new generation gadgets, the risk of “internet addiction” is emerging as a significant behavioral addiction pandemic to be tackled worldwide. Internet addiction can be defined as an impulse disorder. Objective of the study was to determines the level of Internet addiction in Students. To identify the behavioural and any health-related problems associated with internet addiction among students.Methods: This study was a cross sectional study carried out in 7 different engineering colleges of Jabalpur city during the period of 1st July 2016 to 30th September 2016.Results: In present study the prevalence of internet addiction was found to be 74 %. 26 % of the participants were found with no internet addictions whereas 55 % and 17.67 % of the participants were found to be mild and moderate addicted whereas only 1.33 % of the participants were severely addicted to internet addiction. Participant who has internet addiction has 84.8 % of yelling and annoying behavior while 86.5 % participants with internet addiction have secretive and defensive behavior. Association was found to be highly significant (p = <0.001). Ill effects like problem related to eye have significant effect on the participants with internet addiction i.e. 66.17 %. Association of problem related to eye problems with internet addiction was significant with the p = 0.02.Conclusions: The problem is alarming and progressing to an addictive state in the near future Interventions like setting boundaries and detecting early warning signs of underlying psychopathology at the earliest are required

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Kaplan, Robert. « Carrot Addiction ». Australian & ; New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, n^o 5 (octobre 1996) : 698–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609062670.

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Objective: A case report of carrot addiction is presented with a review of the literature and comment on the role of beta carotene in addictive behaviour. Clinical Picture: The addiction occurred in a 49-year-old woman under conditions of stress due to marital problems, leading to a depressive illness and increased smoking. The patient maintained that the sensations of carrot craving and withdrawal were quite distinct from those associated with smoking. Treatment: The patient was advised to record her daily carrot consumption. Outcome: The patient did not return for several months, but stopped eating carrots after an operation, at which time she also stopped smoking. Conclusion: Compusive carrot eating, regarded as a rare condition, has received scant documentation, unlike hypercarotenemia due to unusual diets or food fads. Nervousness, craving, insomnia, waterbrash and irritability are associated with withdrawal from excessive carrot eating. The basis for the addiction is believed to be beta carotene, found in carrots. Does carrot eating, an aggressively oral activity, merely act as a behavioural substitute for smoking? Or does beta carotene contain a chemical element that replicates the addictive component of nicotine? Further study of this unusual but intriguing addiction may reveal more about the basis of all addictions, with particular implications for the cessation of cigarette smoking.

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AshaRani, P. V., Syidda Amron, Noor Azizah Bte Zainuldin, Sumanty Tohari, Alvin Y. J. Ng, Guo Song, Byrappa Venkatesh et Ajay S. Mathuru. « Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Potential Genetic Risk in Substance Use Disorders : A Pilot Feasibility Study ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n^o 13 (25 juin 2021) : 2810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132810.

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Genetics intersects with environmental, cultural, and social factors in the development of addictive disorders. This study reports the feasibility of whole-exome sequencing of trios (subject and two family members) to discover potential genetic variants in the development of substance use disorders (SUD). Family trios were recruited from the National Addictions Management Service in Singapore during the 2016–2018 period. Recruited subjects had severe alcohol use disorder (AUD) or opioid use disorder (OUD), with nicotine dependence (ND) and a family history of addictive disorders. Demographic characteristics and severity of addiction were captured. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and analysis were performed on salivary samples collected from the trios. WES revealed variants in several genes in each individual and disruptive protein mutations in most. Variants were identified in genes previously associated with SUDs, such as Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 3 (PLEKHM3), coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1 (CCSER1), LIM and calponin homology domains-containing protein 1 (LIMCH1), dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 (DNAH8), and the taste receptor type 2 member 38 (TAS2R38) involved in the perception of bitterness. The feasibility study suggests that subjects with a severe addiction profile, polysubstance use, and family history of addiction may often harbor gene variants that may predispose them to SUDs. This study could serve as a model for future precision medicine-based personalized interventional strategies for behavioral addictions and SUDs and for the discovery of potentially pathogenic genetic variants.

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Đukanović, Borislav, Irena Petrušić, Gorana Bandalović, Ana Maksimović et Silva Banović. « Internet Sex Addiction in Serbia and Montenegro ». IPSI Transactions on Internet Research 18, n^o 02 (1 juillet 2022) : 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58245/ipsi.tir.2201.07.

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In this study, the authors analyzed the problematic use of pornographic websites and Internet sex addiction in representative samples of respondents from different age groups including 2948 respondents from Serbia and 1486 from Montenegro. A standard questionnaire of 33 questions with answers in binary form was used. In addition to epidemiological indicators, the study also included nine family risk factors and six risk factors associated with early psychosocial developmental disorders. Finally, the social profiles of Internet sex addicts in Serbia and Montenegro were described. The results of the research showed that Internet sex addicts are mostly young adults aged 20 to 30. The overall dependency rate was estimated within average limits. In general, Internet sex addiction is among the lowest of all behavioral addictions. The authors see the reason for this in the greatest potency of this addiction for the development of addictive patterns of behavior, but also in the great predictiveness of this addiction together with the gambling addiction for the emergence and development of other behavioral addictions. All examined risk factors (except for shyness and reticence) do "separate" Internet sex addicts from those who do not have the listed risk factors at zero level of significance. However, an examination of the prediction of Internet sex addiction using binary logistic regression showed that aggressive and criminal behaviors in early youth, followed by disorders in educational and emotional relations between parents and children, have the highest predictive values for Internet sex addiction. Social profiles are unclear and unstructured, and the authors explain this by the fact that biological, not sociological, and sociocultural factors play a dominant role in developing addictive patterns of behavior.

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Martinotti, G., C. Villella, M. Di Nicola, F. Fanella, G. Conte et L. Janiri. « Behavioural dependences in adolescents and young adults : results from an observational study ». European Psychiatry 26, S2 (mars 2011) : 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71791-6.

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IntroductionOur study aims to assess the prevalence of behavioural addictions in an adolescent populations, evaluating the effects of gender and age, and to assess the correlations and associations between different behavioural addictions.MethodsA population of 2853 students (1142 F and 1711 M, mean age 16.7± 1.9) was assessed in order to evaluate the prevalence of behavioural dependences such as Pathological Gambling (PG), Compulsive Buying (CB), Exercise Addiction (EA), Internet Addiction (IA), and Work Addiction (WA). The South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised Adolescent, the Compulsive Buying Scale, the Exercise Addiction Inventory, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Work Addiction Risk Test, were compiled anonymously by the students.ResultsOverall prevalence was 7.0% for PG, 11.3% for CB, 1.2% for IA, 7.6% for WA, 8.5% for EA. PG, and EA were more common among boys, while gender had no effect on the other conditions. CB was more common among younger ( < 18 years old) students. Each of these conditions showed a strong association with others, and the scores of all of these scales were correlated.DiscussionIn line with previous studies our results indicate that behavioural addictions are quite common among adolescents. The strong association between behavioural addictions stresses the concept that treatment for one of these conditions should involve assessment and treatment for the others.

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Baruch, Melanie, Abraham Benarroch et Gary E. Rockman. « Alcohol and Substance Use in the Jewish Community : A Pilot Study ». Journal of Addiction 2015 (2015) : 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/763930.

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Awareness of addictions in the Jewish community is becoming increasingly prevalent, and yet, a gap exists in the literature regarding addictions in this community. Knowledge about the prevalence of addictions within Jewish communities is limited; some believe that Jews cannot be affected by addictions. To address this gap, a pilot study was conducted to gather preliminary evidence relating to addictions and substance use in the Jewish community. Results indicate that a significant portion of the Jewish community knows someone affected by an addiction and that over 20% have a family history of addiction. Future research needs are discussed.

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V., Arul Prasath S., Bagavathy M. Perumal et Steeve Gnana Samuel. « Prevalence, underlying factors and consequences of mobile game addiction in school going children of six to twelve years in Kanyakumari district ». International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, n^o 4 (24 mars 2022) : 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20220760.

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Background: Children nowadays are heavily engaged with their smartphones with high-quality gaming features. This addiction affects their health, causing physical and psychosocial disabilities. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence, underlying factors and consequences of mobile game addiction among school-going children.Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between 1st July to 31st December 2021, enrolled 120 children aged 6 to 12 years old attending the outpatient department of Kanyakumari Government medical college hospital.Results: We found out that male students displayed more addictive behaviour. The primary cause of mobile game addiction was loneliness, length of time spent playing mobile games and using it as their primary source of entertainment. This addiction resulted in headaches, eye and ear discomfort, insomnia, anxiety, depression, and disputes with family members.Conclusions: We found a correlation between video game addiction and psychosocial and physical disabilities. Extensive research is needed to identify gaming patterns leading to addictions and health consequences.

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Valenciano-Mendoza, Eduardo, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, Roser Granero, Mónica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Bernat Mora-Maltas, Anders Håkansson, José M. Menchón et Susana Jiménez-Murcia. « Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior and Associated Clinical Correlates in Patients with Behavioral Addictions ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n^o 21 (21 octobre 2021) : 11085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111085.

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Addictive disorders are characterized by severe consequences, including suicidal events, but most studies investigating the association between addiction and suicidal risk have focused on substance use disorders and gambling disorder at the expense of the rest of behavioral addictions. This study examined the prevalence and the associated clinical correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a sample of patients with a diagnosis of behavioral addiction. The total sample consisted of 4404 individuals: 4103 of these patients with gambling disorder, 99 with gaming disorder, 44 with sex addiction, and 158 with buying–shopping disorder. All of them were assessed consecutively at a specialized hospital unit for the treatment of behavioral addictions. Participants attended two clinical interviews and completed self-reported questionnaires to explore clinical features of behavioral addictions, personality traits, psychopathological symptomatology, suicidal behavior, and sociodemographic variables. The highest prevalence of suicidal ideation was found in patients with gambling disorder (22.9%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (18.4%), sex addiction (18.2%), and gaming disorder (6.1%). The highest prevalence of suicide attempts was registered for sex addiction (9.1%), followed by buying–shopping disorder (7.6%), gambling disorder (6.7%), and gaming disorder (3.0%). Female gender and unemployment constituted two relevant sociodemographic factors associated with suicidal risk in gambling disorder, gaming disorder, and buying–shopping disorder. Lack of family support appeared as a relevant risk factor, except for gaming disorder. These results pointed out that suicide is a prevalent behavior in behavioral addictions, and clinicians and researchers need to pay particular attention to the specificities of each behavioral addiction when assessing suicidal risk.

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Babaei, Shirzad, Ali Asghar Asgharnejad Farid, Fahimeh Fathali Lavasani et Behrooz Birashk. « A Comparative Study on Emotional Regulation in Males With Internet Addiction, Food Addiction, Opioid Dependence and Normal Peers ». Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 26, n^o 4 (1 janvier 2021) : 432–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijpcp.26.3.2325.2.

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Objectives: Difficulty in emotional regulation is an important component in the pathology of different types of addiction and its evaluation can be helpful in understanding and treating these difficulties. The purpose of this study is to evaluate emotional regulation in people with opioid dependence (heroin and opium), food addiction, and internet addiction compared to normal people. Methods: This is a causal- comparative study. Participants were 120 eligible male addicts selected using a purposive sampling method and divided into four groups of 30 including drug addiction, food addiction, internet addiction, and control. Semi-structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders, Yale Food Addiction Scale, and Young’s Internet Addiction Test were used to diagnose the addictions. Then the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) was completed. Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze the collected data. Results: Overall DERS score and the score of its subscales were higher in all three addiction groups compared to the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the three addiction groups in subscales of “unwillingness to accept certain emotional responses” and “difficulty engaging in goal-directed behavior”, but a significant difference between the three addiction groups was observed in subscales of “difficulty controlling impulse”, “lack of emotional awareness”, “lack of access to strategies”, “lack of emotional clarity”, and overall DERS score (P<0.05). Conclusion: Men with opioid dependence, internet addiction and food addiction have more difficulties in emotional regulation compared to their normal peers. Emotional regulation ability in men with internet addiction is greater than in those with food and opioid addictions.

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Mrad, Mona. « Brand addiction conceptual development ». Qualitative Market Research : An International Journal 21, n^o 1 (8 janvier 2018) : 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-06-2016-0050.

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Purpose Although emerging literature has discussed different consumer–brand relationships and addictive behavior constructs, to date, it has not explored the brand addiction phenomenon. This study aims to undertake a conceptual inspection to better understand the nature of the brand addiction phenomenon, thereby providing a clear and concise conceptual definition. Design/methodology/approach To develop a concise definition of brand addiction, the researcher applies a conceptual development procedure, which identifies potential attributes of brand addiction by assembling a descriptive set of definitions, collecting the construct’s key attributes, generating a preliminary definition of brand addiction, identifying unique and shared attributes of brand addiction with other constructs in related areas and, finally, refining the conceptual definition based on a set of guidelines. Findings This study defines brand addiction as a psychological state that entails an emotional attachment to a particular brand, driven by compulsive urges that generally provide pleasure. This involves dependence, habit formation, loss of control, failure to withstand impulses and tension before starting the behavior related to the addicted brand. In addition, some of the following attributes might also characterize brand addiction: social, mental and behavioral preoccupation with the brand, tolerance development, frequent engagement in activities related to the brand, restlessness or irritability when unable to engage in activities/behaviors related to the addicting brand, repeated efforts to stop the behavior and dismissal of occupational, social and recreational activities to engage in activities related to the addicting brand. Originality/value Since the concept of brand addiction has not been empirically tested, this paper has the potential to append a compulsory conceptual understanding of the concept of brand addiction by developing an accurate definition that serves in discriminating the focal concept from other constructs in related areas, and helps advance subsequent work for theory development.

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Kim, Hyoun S., David C. Hodgins, Benjamin Kim et T. Cameron Wild. « Transdiagnostic or Disorder Specific ? Indicators of Substance and Behavioral Addictions Nominated by People with Lived Experience ». Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, n^o 2 (24 janvier 2020) : 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020334.

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Using a transdiagnostic perspective, the present research examined the prominent indicators of substance (alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, tobacco) and behavioral (gambling, video games, sex, shopping, work, eating) addictions nominated by people with lived experiences. Specifically, we aimed to explore whether the perceived most important indicators nominated were consistent across the 10 addictions or differed based on the specific addiction. Additionally, we explored gender differences in the perceived most important indicators across addictive behaviors. A large online sample of adults recruited from a Canadian province (n = 3503) were asked to describe the most important signs or symptoms of problems with these substances and behaviors. Open-ended responses were analyzed among a subsample of 2603 respondents (n = 1562 in the past year) who disclosed that they had personally experienced a problem with at least one addiction listed above. Content analyses revealed that dependence (e.g., craving, impairments in control) and patterns of use (e.g., frequency) were the most commonly perceived indicators for both substance and behavioral addictions, accounting for over half of all the qualitative responses. Differences were also found between substance and behavioral addictions regarding the proportion of the most important signs nominated. Consistent with the syndrome model of addiction, unique indicators were also found for specific addictive behaviors, with the greatest proportion of unique indicators found for eating. Supplemental analyses found that perceived indicators across addictions were generally gender invariant. Results provide some support for a transdiagnostic conceptualization of substance and behavioral addictions. Implications for the study, prevention, and treatment of addictions are discussed.

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CIRIS, Vahit, Turan BASKONUS, Tezcan KARTAL et Adem TASDEMIR. « A Study on Digital Game Addictions of Adolescents in the Covid-19 Pandemic ». Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health 8 (1 avril 2022) : 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.1113707.

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The concept of digital game addiction has become an important issue that needs to be studied, depending on the increase in the time spent on the internet today, where technology and internet usage times are increasing rapidly. In this context, this study aimed to understand the antecedents of high school students’ online game addiction risks. The survey method was used in the study. Within the scope of the research, 559 high school students randomly selected from this population formed the sample of the study. The “Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents,” adapted into Turkish by Ilgaz (2015), was used as a data collection tool in the study. The results showed that digital game addictions of high school students were formed at the highest level in the dimensions of mood modifications, tolerance, and salience, respectively. The lowest averages were in the withdrawal and conflict dimensions. These findings show that high school students experience many emotional states in the game at a high level. Besides, while digital game addiction of male students was higher, it was determined that games played via computer caused more digital addiction. While digital game addictions of high school students do not change according to their grade level and academic achievement, their digital game addictions change according to family income level, playing time, and parental education level.

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CIRIS, Vahit, Turan BASKONUS, Tezcan KARTAL et Adem TASDEMIR. « A Study on Digital Game Addictions of Adolescents in the Covid-19 Pandemic ». Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health 8 (1 avril 2022) : 168–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/jeseh.01113707.

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The concept of digital game addiction has become an important issue that needs to be studied, depending on the increase in the time spent on the internet today, where technology and internet usage times are increasing rapidly. In this context, this study aimed to understand the antecedents of high school students’ online game addiction risks. The survey method was used in the study. Within the scope of the research, 559 high school students randomly selected from this population formed the sample of the study. The “Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents,” adapted into Turkish by Ilgaz (2015), was used as a data collection tool in the study. The results showed that digital game addictions of high school students were formed at the highest level in the dimensions of mood modifications, tolerance, and salience, respectively. The lowest averages were in the withdrawal and conflict dimensions. These findings show that high school students experience many emotional states in the game at a high level. Besides, while digital game addiction of male students was higher, it was determined that games played via computer caused more digital addiction. While digital game addictions of high school students do not change according to their grade level and academic achievement, their digital game addictions change according to family income level, playing time, and parental education level.

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Munno, Donato, Marta Saroldi, Elisa Bechon, Sara Chiara Maria Sterpone et Giuseppina Zullo. « Addictive behaviors and personality traits in adolescents ». CNS Spectrums 21, n^o 2 (13 août 2015) : 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852915000474.

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IntroductionBehavioral addictions refer to repeated dysfunctional behaviors that do not involve the ingestion of addictive substances. Studies on the association between behavioral addictions and personality traits have noted in individuals with problematic behaviors a high proclivity toward impulsivity and sensation-seeking and a low predisposition to harm avoidance. The majority of these studies have focused on adults, while far fewer have involved adolescents.MethodsThe study population was 109 high school students (age range 15–18 years) in Turin, Italy. Participants completed an assessment that comprised a demographic questionnaire and 3 self-report questionnaires: the Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (SPQ), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Multidimensional Questionnaire for Adolescents (QMA).ResultsA gender-related difference in the risk of developing an addictive behavior was observed, with a significantly higher percentage of risk seen for several addiction tendencies among the males. Statistically significant correlations emerged between some personality determinants and certain addictive behaviors.DiscussionThe study pinpoints epidemiological indicators for the extent of this growing problem among adolescents.ConclusionsThe findings have implications for identifying protection factors and risk factors for addictive behaviors and related psychiatric disorders, and the development of primary prevention strategies derived from such factors.

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Savolainen, Iina, Atte Oksanen, Markus Kaakinen, Anu Sirola et Hye-Jin Paek. « The Role of Perceived Loneliness in Youth Addictive Behaviors : Cross-National Survey Study ». JMIR Mental Health 7, n^o 1 (2 janvier 2020) : e14035. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14035.

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Background In the ever-growing and technologically advancing world, an increasing amount of social interaction takes place through the Web. With this change, loneliness is becoming an unprecedented societal issue, making youth more susceptible to various physical and mental health problems. This societal change also influences the dynamics of addiction. Objective Employing the cognitive discrepancy loneliness model, this study aimed to provide a social psychological perspective on youth addictions. Methods A comprehensive survey was used to collect data from American (N=1212; mean 20.05, SD 3.19; 608/1212, 50.17% women), South Korean (N=1192; mean 20.61, SD 3.24; 601/1192, 50.42% women), and Finnish (N=1200; mean 21.29, SD 2.85; 600/1200, 50.00% women) youths aged 15 to 25 years. Perceived loneliness was assessed with the 3-item Loneliness Scale. A total of 3 addictive behaviors were measured, including excessive alcohol use, compulsive internet use, and problem gambling. A total of 2 separate models using linear regression analyses were estimated for each country to examine the association between perceived loneliness and addiction. Results Loneliness was significantly related to only compulsive internet use among the youth in all 3 countries (P<.001 in the United States, South Korea, and Finland). In the South Korean sample, the association remained significant with excessive alcohol use (P<.001) and problem gambling (P<.001), even after controlling for potentially confounding psychological variables. Conclusions The findings reveal existing differences between youths who spend excessive amounts of time online and those who engage in other types of addictive behaviors. Experiencing loneliness is consistently linked to compulsive internet use across countries, although different underlying factors may explain other forms of addiction. These findings provide a deeper understanding in the mechanisms of youth addiction and can help improve prevention and intervention work, especially in terms of compulsive internet use.

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Asieieva, Yuliia. « RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL CONDITIONS OF LIFE AND THE STAGE OF MANIFESTATION OF CYBER ADDICTIONS ». Science and Education 2021, n^o 1 (mars 2021) : 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2414-4665-2021-1-5.

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The whole world today is rapidly following the path of digitalization of society, cyberspace is becoming a new sphere of reality for the majority of the population. Despite all the advantages of interactive technologies and the speed of obtaining the necessary information due to the prevalence of the Internet. New problematic issues also arise. Almost 8% of the world's population has been already addicted to the Internet, but questions about the nosology, etiology of cyber addictions and their treatment and prevention still remain unresolved. The aim of this study was to identify the impact of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions. The following research methods were used: bibliographic and historical analysis of theoretical heritage, psychodiagnostic testing: Test-questionnaire for detecting cyber addiction (TQC) and semi-structured interview of respondents to clarify social living conditions as well as mathematical and statistical methods for data analysis (data processing was done using the program "Microsoft Excel", "SPSS 26.0 for Windows XP"). The study sample consisted of 559 people, including 408 who had certain types of cyber addictions and 151 people who agreed to join the control group (relatively healthy). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of bioethics and deontology. It was found that the most typical addictions for boys are computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and gadget addiction; more typical addictions for girls are cybercommunication addiction and selfie. In correlation analysis (according to Pearson and Tau-b Kendall) of relationship between the influence of social living conditions on the severity of cyber addictions it was found that according to the results of both correlation matrices the links were not revealed between cyber addictions and educational institutions in which our respondents studied; but at the same time a direct relationship was found between computer addiction, Internet addiction, game addiction and cyber-communication addiction with the academic success of cyber-addicts. Such a type of cyber addiction as selfie has an inverse relationship with the material wealth of the family. When analyzing the results obtained by Pearson's correlation analysis, it can be argued that the manifestations of all types of cyber addictions have a medium direct connection with conflicts with parents, a weak direct connection between cyber addictions and conflicts with peers.

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Asieieva, Yuliia, Svitllana Kirsho, Larysa Akimova, Olena Bogach et Natalia Kovalska. « Demonstration of Inclination to Suicide, Anxiety, and Depression among Young People with Cyber Addiction ». Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 14, n^o 1 (9 février 2022) : 52–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/14.1/507.

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Summary. Analysis of the literature on the issue of formation of different types of cyber addiction indicates its interdisciplinary nature, regarded as part of Psychiatry, Narcology, medical, developmental, differential, and psychology for special needs. The problem of cyber-addiction is currently important, a relatively young field of scientific knowledge and requires further study. The aim is to analyze empirically obtained data on the demonstration of inclination to suicide, anxiety and depression among young people with cyber-addiction. Research hypothesis. Cyber-addictions are one of the types of non-chemical addictions that cause changes in the mental states of the individual. Having identified certain mental states that are characteristic of young people suffering from cyber-addictions, it will be possible to develop adequate psycho-correctional measures for them. Methods: bibliographic, historical, psychodiagnostic, mathematical and statistical methods. Results. According to the results, it was found that among those who demonstrate propensity for cyber-addictions, the indicators of medium and high degree of anxiety predominate, and among people who do not show manifestations of addictive behavior, the level of anxiety is mostly low. None of the respondents had a high degree of depression. Given the gender characteristics, it is possible to note that females are more prone to depressive states than males. When analyzing the results of the study on suicidal tendencies, it was found that among those who do not show propensity to addictive behavior, no respondents were identified who would demonstrate a manifest inclination to suicide. Among those who have manifestations of cyber-addictions, the study has a manifest tendency to commit suicide in the largest number – among girls in the age group of 16 to 18; in all other major groups’ indicators do not exceed 10%. The highest rates in the main groups of examined people were found in the category of possible suicidal tendencies in critical situations.

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Citton, Yves. « 3 Practicing Study as Self-Alienation and Counter-Addiction (Studium, Black Study, Études) ». Philosophy and Theory in Higher Education 3, n^o 3 (1 janvier 2021) : 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/ptihe032021.0003.

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Abstract In this article, the practice of study is approached through three different angles: (1) the retreat from an addictive integration in the flows of instantaneous communication (studium); (2) the sharing of our incompleteness through egalitarian conversations (black study); and (3) the self-alienating elaboration of collective counter-addictive inquiries within academic contexts (études). Together, these three gestures offer both a supplement and an alternative to the traditional (education-based) mode of teaching, as well as to the (hard) sciences model of research. To complement the widespread ideals of emancipation through the transmission of knowledge, and of critique through the competition between contradictory arguments, this article invites us to locate the main benefits of studying (studium / black study / études) in two supplementary processes. The process of counter-addiction is needed in a world where the dynamics of capital destruct our common environments by fostering ecocidal and egocidal addictions. The process of self-alienation welcomes experiences of becoming-other in order to help us distance ourselves from the illusions and traps of sovereign selfhood.

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Kenyhercz, Viktória, Gabriella Frikker, Zsuzsa Kaló, Zsolt Demetrovics et Bernadette Kun. « Dysfunctional Family Mechanisms, Internalized Parental Values, and Work Addiction : A Qualitative Study ». Sustainability 14, n^o 16 (11 août 2022) : 9940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169940.

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(1) Background: Work addiction is a syndrome characterized by excessive and compulsive work disturbing one’s health and personal and social life. Several quantitative studies investigated the correlates of work addiction, but the personal experiences of workaholics remained hidden. Our qualitative research explores the perceived parental style and childhood family climate of individuals affected by work addiction. (2) Method: Based on our previous research, we invited 29 individuals (48,3% females) at risk for work addiction based on a work addiction scale. Semi-structured interviews have addressed topics of working habits, work addiction, social relationships, and their early family experiences. The texts were analyzed by qualitative thematic analysis using both deductive and inductive methods. (3) Results: The interviewees were affected by dysfunctional family mechanisms, i.e., lack of sense of security at home and addictions in the family. The participants reported that internalized parental values (transferred values and work attitudes, high expectations, and compulsion to conform) contributed to their later compulsive overwork. (4) Conclusions: Qualitative research can help to emphasize the individuals’ own experiences about the development of their work addiction. Dysfunctional family mechanisms and parental values might be significant risk factors for the work addiction of an offspring.

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Dube, Neelam, Ramya Ashwin et Venkata Satyanarayana Nanduri. « Successful application of Yoga Prana Vidya therapy and energy healing techniques in de-addiction : An analysis of case series ». International Journal of Integrative Medical Sciences 9, n^o 2 (15 août 2022) : 1016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijims.2022.101.

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Introduction: Human beings are afflicted by various harmful addictions of substance and non-substance cravings. Several behavioural therapies and medications are normally available for de-addiction and rehabilitation. Yoga Prana Vidya (YPV) is an integrated and holistic system that consists of no-touch no-drug energy healing protocols and simple to practice. This paper presents cases of various addictions successfully overcome using YPV System Protocols. Method: This paper uses case study method going through case papers and feedback reports from subjects who had successfully overcome addictions using Yoga Prana Vidya system of protocols. Results: An Indian sample of 30 documented cases shows that Yoga Prana Vidya healers applied YPV protocols for de-addiction of these cases successfully, and the 7 subjects who could be followed up confirmed that they successfully sustained the change. An in-depth case study of a subject in Australia healed by a YPV healer in Australia shows that the subject cured completely of alcohol addiction after 2 weeks of YPV healing. Further to it, this subject learnt YPV Level 1 healing and became a healer to continue healing himself and others as well. Conclusion: YPV system is integrated and holistic, without touch or use of drugs. Decades of experience with YPV practice shows that many types of physical, mental and emotional illnesses have been cured successfully. YPV is easy to learn and simple to practice by all. Further research may be conducted on a larger sample of varied conditions of addiction to gain broader insights into this phenomenon. KEY WORDS: Addiction, Substance Use Disorder (SUD), Addictive behaviours, Yoga Prana Vidya System ®, YPV ®

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Kassiani, Kerasioti, Pliakou Evanthia, Vlachou Rafailia-Iro, Aspridis M. George, Blanas Nikolaos et Tselios Dimitrios. « A Study about Internet Addiction of University Students ». Journal of Educational and Social Research 8, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2018) : 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jesr-2018-0003.

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Abstract Internet addiction is the most modern form of addiction and belongs to behavioral addictions. The term appeared in 1996 and spread very quickly all over the world, especially among teenagers and young people. Many users escape the formal use of the Internet and easily lose control of the situation. The article aims to deal with the university students’ addiction to Internet and social media. It is a fact that most young people spend valuable time on the Internet without knowing the negative impact this engagement may have. For this purpose, a questionnaire based on the Internet Addiction Test was formulated, in order to answer a number of questions about Internet addiction, the consequences and causes of this phenomenon, the ways of dealing with the problem, the indications (information) and statistical data available for Greece, etc. The results obtained will be very useful and can be used by researchers to shape the profile of new and future uses, regarding the impact of internet use on professional life and development of young people, but also in dealing with social phenomena and adaptation problems.

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Minyurova, S. A., O. V. Kruzhkova, I. V. Vorobyeva et A. I. Matveeva. « For citation : Minyurova S. A., Kruzhkova O. V., Vorobyeva I. V., Matveeva A. I. Addictive behaviour of adolescents and young men in the education system : Review of psychological and pedagogical research ». Education and science journal 24, n^o 6 (14 juin 2022) : 84–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-6-84-121.

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Introduction. Addictive behaviour of students today is one of the most acute problems of the education system. Not only chemical addiction leads to serious problems, but also social networks, smartphones, gaming addictions lead to a significant decrease in the level of physical and mental health of adolescents and young men, socio-psychological maladaptation in society, violation of their psychological well-being and in critical cases – the development of suicidal risks. Nevertheless, a comprehensive study of the experience in psychological and pedagogical research in the field of addictive behaviour with the generalisation of methodological approaches and empirical results has not been conducted yet (although such review studies are present in relation to general and specific issues of addictive behaviour, its spread in individual countries or geographical regions, the role of the family, etc.). At the same time, such studies are necessary to ensure a complete understanding of the problem from the perspective of the educational organisation and the possibilities of the educational environment in the prevention of the spread of addictive behaviour among students.Aim. The aim of the study was to review and systematise international research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students.Methodology and research methods. The selection of scientific publications in the international scientometric database Scopus was carried out for inclusion in the review with search depth from 2011 to the present. The authors used the following keywords complexes for the search: “addiction&school”, “addictive behaviour&school”, “drug&school”, “alcohol&school”, “tobacco&school”, “internet addiction&school”, “gambling&school”. The specified word complexes such as “article title, short description, keywords” were included in the search section. Additional search restrictions were the type of articles (reviews, article); the chosen field of science was “Psychology” and an additional keyword was “adolescent”. After analysis the final list of selected publications amounted to 246 works.Results. The results of the study made it possible to systematise scientific publications and identify trends in the consideration of addictive behaviour in psychological and pedagogical research in the education system. Thus, it was revealed that the definition of addictive behaviour has a specific interpretation in relation to the concept of dependent behaviour. Behavioural manifestations of addictive behaviour in chemical and behavioural addictions have similar characteristics, whereas personal predictors, which determine the propensity of students to choose this deviation, may have ambivalent characteristics depending on the chosen form of addictive behaviour. At the same time, the forms of addictive behaviour of students in the educational environment are diverse and include both chemical addictions (smoking, alcohol and drug addiction) and behavioural variants of addictive behaviour (Internet addiction and dependence on video and computer games). At the same time, any of the listed addictions individually, or taking into account their combined nature, leads to a decrease in the success of training and unsatisfactory academic performance of students. In addition, difficulties in learning and interacting with other subjects of the educational environment may (among other things) be a factor stimulating the emergence of addictive behaviour as a form of care or compensation. Prevention of addictive behaviour, as a rule, is based on informing about the negative consequences of addictions, but it can take into account both the peculiarities of social behaviour and learning of adolescents and young men, as well as their personal characteristics, which act as zones of vulnerability for the development of addiction.Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the authors systematised scientific research in the field of psychological and pedagogical study of addictive behaviour of students, taking into account current trends in the spread of both chemical and non-chemical addictions, as well as their combined nature of distribution among adolescents and young men.Practical significance. The practical significance is due to the potential possibilities of using the data obtained to organise effective prophylactic work for preventing the development of addictive behaviour among students within the framework of the educational process in an educational organisation, taking into account international experience and psychological and pedagogical basis.

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Bartsalkina, V. V., O. O. Moiseev, E. V. Tretyak et E. V. Hromysheva. « Rehabilitation Potential of Socio-psychological Support for Families with Alcohol or Drug Addiction Problems ». Психологическая наука и образование 27, n^o 6 (2022) : 144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/pse.2022270611.

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<p>The rehabilitation potential of socio-psychological maintenance for families with problems of chemical addictions is proposed here to be considered as a resource for overcoming real addictions. The relevance of this study is due to actual need for developing a basic approach – the strong scientific evidence-based substantiation of the organization of psychological assistance to concrete family with problems of alcohol and/or drug addiction ones. The simultaneous existence of such problem of addictive behavior and personality deformation under global influence of psychoactive substances use, together with the phenomenon of co-dependent behavior, was shown here. As a result, the entire family system suffers, and patterns of negative behavior are formed among all other family members. The need for namely comprehensive consideration of this family problem is confirmed. As the author's experience, the effectiveness of maintenance-working with families with alcohol addiction in the ANO “Center for Social and Psychological Support of People with Alcohol, Drug and Other Types of Addiction "Goal (Moscow) is considered here.</p>

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Li, Guangming. « Hierarchical Linear Model of Internet Addiction and Associated Risk Factors in Chinese Adolescents : A Longitudinal Study ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n^o 21 (27 octobre 2022) : 14008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114008.

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The risk effects of internet addiction have been documented in the literature; however, few longitudinal studies have considered the heterogeneity of the subjects. A hierarchical linear model was used here to explore the relationship between adolescents’ internet addiction and associated risk factors (depression, anxiety, gender, and obesity) from the perspective of longitudinal analysis. A total of 1033 adolescents were investigated and followed up with every three months with the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The hierarchical linear model of internet addiction had only two levels. The first level of the model was the time variable (three time points) and the second level of the model was the individual adolescent (1033 adolescents). The results showed that (1) depression and anxiety, as associated risk factors, were significant positive predictors of adolescents’ internet addiction considering the developmental trajectory courses of adolescent internet addiction, as well as the individual differences over time; (2) there were gender differences in the adolescents’ internet addictions—specifically, the initial level of internet addiction among boys was significantly higher than that of girls, but the rate of decline was significantly faster than that of girls; and (3) there was no significant difference in obesity. The results demonstrated the importance of considering depression, anxiety, and gender in any intervention efforts to reduce adolescents’ internet addictions, and we should pay attention to the cultivation of positive coping strategies for Chinese adolescents. The limitations of the study were also discussed.

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Yayan, Emriye Hilal, Mehmet Emin Düken, Yeliz Suna Dağ et Ayşegül Ulutaş. « Examination of the relationship between nursing student’s internet and smartphone addictions ». Journal of Human Sciences 15, n^o 2 (5 juin 2018) : 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i2.5247.

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Aim: The study examines the relationship between college nursing students’ smartphone addiction and internet addictions.Material and Method: The sample of this descriptive relationship-seeking study included 788 college nursing students. A personal information form, the Smartphone Addiction Scale and the Internet Addiction Scale were used as data collection tools.Results: The participants had high smartphone and internet addiction scores. The males were more prone to exhibit addictive behavior. The addiction scores of the students who cannot stand to be away from their phones were higher. Students involved in sports and students with reading habits had lower addiction scores. A strong positive correlation was found between students’ smartphone and internet addiction scores.Conclusions: Due to the strong correlation between smartphone and internet addiction, it was concluded that further research is needed to investigate addictive behaviors, particularly for smartphone addiction.

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Varga, Claudia, et Ion Copoeru. « Interactions as Source of the Change of Behavior in Addiction and Recovery from Addiction. An Exploratory Study ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philosophia 67, n^o 2 (12 août 2022) : 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphil.2022.2.07.

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"Based on the findings about the importance of social support network in the success of treatment and long term recovery, this article will provide an insight of the successful elements in addiction individual and group counseling interaction through which addicts manage to overcome the denial of addiction, to accept the recovery program, to go through the stages of recovery, and to identify appropriate research methods for understanding the phenomenon of interaction in recovery from addictions. This exploratory study will attempt to identify an innovative perspective of the aspects pertaining to the recovery from addiction which are susceptible to be disclosed primarily by using methods inspired by the analysis of interactions. The method used in research is qualitative focus group with addictions counsellors and people in recovery, working in a counseling center. Using the application of ELAN software to annotate and transcribe interactions from the video and audio recordings, it will situate the research on addiction and recovery from addiction in the larger field of investigations on communication processes in human interactions in various cultural, social and professional contexts. Key words: stages of recovery, social support, interactions, group, counselor, peer support, motivation to change, self-efficacy, tools for change, stages of change model"

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Shi, Wenwen, Xiangjun Chen et Na Li. « Exploring the Occurrence and Procedure of Addiction in Sports Lottery : A Case Study ». American Journal of Health Behavior 46, n^o 3 (23 juin 2022) : 259–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5993/ajhb.46.3.5.

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Objectives: In this study, we explored the occurrence and process of gambling addiction among sports lottery players. Methods: We used a case study approach. Three gamblers participated in this study and completed in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Results: We found that the motivation of winning is the key factor throughout the whole procedure of sports lottery addiction. The occurrence of sports lottery addiction generally experiences 4 patterns: initial, continuous, struggling, and addictive. Through these 4 patterns, we found that the procedure of sports lottery addiction includes interaction of individual needs and external attractions, motivation of sport lottery, action of sports lottery, emotional change, self-control versus out of control, investment expansion and motivation of winning, overconfidence or regret, continuous joint action of investment expansion and motivation of winning, addiction of sports lottery, and negativity. Conclusion: With in-depth analysis of the transition procedure from normal gambling to addiction to sports lottery, our findings not only revealed the changes of each sports lottery addiction pattern, but also analyzed the core factors for each pattern, which provide theoretical support for further study of sports lottery addiction.

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Samuelsson, Eva, Jan Blomqvist et Irja Christophs. « Addiction and Recovery : Perceptions among Professionals in the Swedish Treatment System ». Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 30, n^o 1-2 (février 2013) : 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nsad-2013-0005.

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Aims The objective of the study was to explore perceptions of different addictions among Swedish addiction care personnel. Data A survey was conducted with 655 addiction care professionals in the social services, health care and criminal care in Stockholm County. Respondents were asked to rate the severity of nine addictions as societal problems, the individual risk to getting addicted, the possibilities for self-change and the perceived significance of professional treatment in finding a solution. Results The images of addiction proved to vary greatly according to its object. At one end of the spectrum were addictions to hard drugs, which were judged to be very dangerous to society, highly addictive and very hard to quit. At the other end of the spectrum were smoking and snuff use, which were seen more as bad habits than real addictions. Some consistent differences were detected between respondents from different parts of the treatment system. The most obvious was a somewhat greater belief in self-change among social services personnel, a greater overall change pessimism among professionals in the criminal care system and a somewhat higher risk perception and stronger emphasis on the necessity of treatment among medical staff. Conclusion Professionals' views in this area largely coincide with the official governing images displayed in the media, and with lay peoples' convictions.

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Wu, Lu-lu, Marc N. Potenza, Nan Zhou, Hedy Kober, Xin-hui Shi, Sarah W. Yip, Jia-hua Xu et al. « Efficacy of single-session transcranial direct current stimulation on addiction-related inhibitory control and craving : a randomized trial in males with Internet gaming disorder ». Journal of Psychiatry & ; Neuroscience 46, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : E111—E118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.190137.

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Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) may reduce substance use and other addictive behaviours. However, the cognitive mechanisms that underpin such effects remain unclear. Impaired inhibitory control linked to hypoactivation of the prefrontal cortex may allow craving-related motivations to lead to compulsive addictive behaviours. However, very few studies have examined whether increasing the activation of the dlPFC via anodal tDCS could enhance inhibitory control over addiction-related distractors. The current study aimed to enrich empirical evidence related to this issue. Methods: Thirty-three males with Internet gaming disorder underwent active (1.5 mA for 20 minutes) and sham tDCS 1 week apart, in randomized order. We assessed inhibitory control over gaming-related distractors and craving pre- and post-stimulation. Results: Relative to sham treatment, active tDCS reduced interference from gaming-related (versus non-gaming) distractors and attenuated background craving, but did not affect cue-induced craving. Limitations: This study was limited by its relatively small sample size and the fact that it lacked assessments of tDCS effects on addictive behaviour. Future tDCS studies with multiple sessions in larger samples are warranted to examine the effects on addictive behaviours of alterations in addiction-related inhibitory control. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that stimulation of the dlPFC influences inhibitory control over addiction-related cues and addiction-related motivation. This is the first empirical study to suggest that enhanced inhibitory control may be a cognitive mechanism underlying the effects of tDCS on addictions like Internet gaming disorder. Our finding of attenuated background craving replicated previous tDCS studies. Intriguingly, our finding of distinct tDCS effects on 2 forms of craving suggests that they may have disparate underlying mechanisms or differential sensitivity to tDCS. Clinical Trials No.: NCT03352973

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Peele, Stanton. « A Moral Vision of Addiction : How People's Values Determine Whether They Become and Remain Addicts ». Journal of Drug Issues 17, n^o 2 (avril 1987) : 187–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268701700205.

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Contemporary theories of addiction of all stripes rule out faulty values as a cause of addiction. Yet evidence from cross-cultural, ethnic, and social-class research, laboratory study of addictive behavior, and natural history and field investigations of addiction indicate the importance of value orientations in the development and expression of addictive behaviors, including drug and alcohol addiction, smoking, and compulsive eating. Furthermore, the rejection of moral considerations in addiction deprives us of our most powerful weapons against addiction and contributes to our current addiction binge. The disease myth of addiction in particular attacks the assumption of essential moral responsibility for people's drug use and related behavior, an assumption that we instead ought to be encouraging.

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Rezaeifar, Alireza, et Fatemeh Dahmardeh. « The Effect of OPRM1 rs648893 Gene Polymorphism on Opioid Addiction in an Iranian population in Zabol : A Case-Control Study ». International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine 4, n^o 4 (31 décembre 2019) : 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijbsm.2019.04.

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Introduction: Opioid addiction (OA) is a neurologically life-threatening challenge associated with socioeconomic and health concerns for individuals and society. The addictive drugs trigger neuromodulators and neurotransmitters through the opioid receptors and corresponding endogenous peptide ligands. In addition, drug addiction is reportedly related to the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) encoding gene and its variants. According to the role of the rs648893 polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene in numerous disorders, it has been suggested as a candidate associated with drug addiction. The present case-control study was conducted to evaluate the role of OPRM1 rs648893 polymorphism in the OA risk. Methods: To this end, the rs648893 polymorphism was genotyped by tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction among 160 Iranian subjects consisting of 105 OA cases and 155 controls. Results: According to our findings, there was no significant association between OA and the OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism. Moreover, a marginally insignificant difference was found between OA cases and controls in accordance with the allelic frequencies (P=0.05) Conclusion: In general, our results reported no association between OPRM1 rs648893 gene polymorphism and OA although further research among various ethnicities with larger sample sizes is needed to draw a definite conclusion on the association of rs648893 polymorphism and other OPRM1 intronic variants with opioid and other addictions.

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Petruzelka, Benjamin, Jaroslav Vacek, Beata Gavurova, Matus Kubak, Roman Gabrhelik, Vladimir Rogalewicz et Miroslav Bartak. « Interaction of Socioeconomic Status with Risky Internet Use, Gambling and Substance Use in Adolescents from a Structurally Disadvantaged Region in Central Europe ». International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n^o 13 (3 juillet 2020) : 4803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134803.

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Background and aims: The current level of knowledge concerning the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on internet use, gambling, and substance use in structurally disadvantaged regions is scarce. The objective of this study was an investigation of the relationship between SES and risky internet use, gambling and substance use in a structurally disadvantaged region in Central Europe. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among high school students (n = 1063) in a Czech structurally disadvantaged region in autumn 2017. Binary Logistic Regression models were applied to data from the modified Excessive Internet Use scale (mEIUS), a standard tool for measuring the risk of addictive behavior on the internet and the risk of excessive gaming. Other data were collected using the Lie/Bet (problematic gambling), CAGE (acronym of the key words: cut, angry, guilty and eye-opener), and the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) (problematic alcohol/cannabis use) tools. Results: There were statistically significant differences between at-risk and not-at-risk groups in addictive behavior on the internet and gaming, while none were found in problematic gambling. Individual dimensions of SES showed significant effects on substance use. Regarding parenting styles, significant differences were found only in the risk of addictive behavior on the internet or gaming between the authoritarian and authoritative styles. Being engaged in behavioral addictions with one´s parents increased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and decreased the odds of the substance addiction risk. Engagement with one´s parents in substance addictions decreased the odds of the behavioral addiction risk and increased the odds of the substance addiction risk. Discussion and Conclusions: The results point at specific relations between SES and the risk of addictive behaviors on the internet and gaming within structurally disadvantaged regions. The results of SES and/or structurally disadvantaged region measures obtained in research, policy-making, and care-provision may improve the focus of actions taken.

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Wang, Chong-Wen, Cecilia L. W. Chan, Kwok-Kei Mak, Sai-Yin Ho, Paul W. C. Wong et Rainbow T. H. Ho. « Prevalence and Correlates of Video and Internet Gaming Addiction among Hong Kong Adolescents : A Pilot Study ». Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014) : 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/874648.

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This pilot study investigated the patterns of video and internet gaming habits and the prevalence and correlates of gaming addiction in Hong Kong adolescents. A total of 503 students were recruited from two secondary schools. Addictive behaviors of video and internet gaming were assessed using the Game Addiction Scale. Risk factors for gaming addiction were examined using logistical regression. An overwhelming majority of the subjects (94%) reported using video or internet games, with one in six (15.6%) identified as having a gaming addiction. The risk for gaming addiction was significantly higher among boys, those with poor academic performance, and those who preferred multiplayer online games. Gaming addiction was significantly associated with the average time spent gaming per week, frequency of spending money on gaming, period of spending money on gaming, perceived family disharmony, and having more close friends. These results suggest that effective educational and preventative programs or strategies are needed.

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He, Heping, Yanni Liu et Zhimin Zhou. « How does Weibo keep users hooked ? A Weibo addictive behavior study based on netnography ». Journal of Contemporary Marketing Science 2, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2019) : 176–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcmars-01-2019-0013.

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Purpose With the rapid development of social media in the past few years, some dark aspects of usage have appeared, e.g., Weibo addiction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to address the question of how Weibo keeps users hooked. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes the netnography method to explore the symptoms of Weibo addiction and how it is formed. Findings First, some Weibo users have typical symptoms of addictive behavior, such as withdrawal, loss of control and general living problems; second, narcissism plays an important role in the process of Weibo addiction and has a stronger effect on content generation than content consumption; third, some users use Weibo as a means to alleviate anxiety, but they can then become more anxious owing to addiction; and fourth, the effect of comments has two sides – on the one hand, comments are one kind of feedback to posts, satisfying posters’ social needs, while on the other hand, a storytelling system consists of one post and its comments, upon which some Weibo users become more dependent. Research limitations/implications This research is only a preliminary, exploratory study. Therefore, care should be taken when interpreting these findings. Practical implications This study should help social media service providers and users to pay attention to the risk of social media addiction. Social media service providers should take social responsibility, design more user-oriented guidelines for marketing ethics and launch more responsible marketing activities. Users should enhance self-control and better balance social media use and offline real life. Originality/value Netnography has not been widely used as an addictive behavior research technique. This study is further bolstered because it has also noticed the difference of addiction mechanisms between addictive micro-bloggers and their followers.

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Vereczkei, Andrea, Csaba Barta, Anna Magi, Judit Farkas, Andrea Eisinger, Orsolya Király, Andrea Belik et al. « FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors ». Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, n^o 5 (26 avril 2022) : 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050690.

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Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.

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Vereczkei, Andrea, Csaba Barta, Anna Magi, Judit Farkas, Andrea Eisinger, Orsolya Király, Andrea Belik et al. « FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors ». Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, n^o 5 (26 avril 2022) : 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050690.

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Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.

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Vereczkei, Andrea, Csaba Barta, Anna Magi, Judit Farkas, Andrea Eisinger, Orsolya Király, Andrea Belik et al. « FOXN3 and GDNF Polymorphisms as Common Genetic Factors of Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors ». Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, n^o 5 (26 avril 2022) : 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050690.

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Epidemiological and phenomenological studies suggest shared underpinnings between multiple addictive behaviors. The present genetic association study was conducted as part of the Psychological and Genetic Factors of Addictions study (n = 3003) and aimed to investigate genetic overlaps between different substance use, addictive, and other compulsive behaviors. Association analyses targeted 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, potentially addictive substances (alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and other drugs), and potentially addictive or compulsive behaviors (internet use, gaming, social networking site use, gambling, exercise, hair-pulling, and eating). Analyses revealed 29 nominally significant associations, from which, nine survived an FDRbl correction. Four associations were observed between FOXN3 rs759364 and potentially addictive behaviors: rs759364 showed an association with the frequency of alcohol consumption and mean scores of scales assessing internet addiction, gaming disorder, and exercise addiction. Significant associations were found between GDNF rs1549250, rs2973033, CNR1 rs806380, DRD2/ANKK1 rs1800497 variants, and the “lifetime other drugs” variable. These suggested that genetic factors may contribute similarly to specific substance use and addictive behaviors. Specifically, FOXN3 rs759364 and GDNF rs1549250 and rs2973033 may constitute genetic risk factors for multiple addictive behaviors. Due to limitations (e.g., convenience sampling, lack of structured scales for substance use), further studies are needed. Functional correlates and mechanisms underlying these relationships should also be investigated.

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Draps, Małgorzata, Natalia Kowalczyk-Grębska, Artur Marchewka, Feng Shi et Mateusz Gola. « White matter microstructural and Compulsive Sexual Behaviors Disorder – Diffusion Tensor Imaging study ». Journal of Behavioral Addictions 10, n^o 1 (16 avril 2021) : 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00002.

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AbstractBackground and aimsEven though the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Disorder (CSBD) was added to the ICD-11 under the impulse control category in 2019, its neural mechanisms are still debated. Researchers have noted its similarity both to addiction and to Obssesive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). The aim of our study was to address this question by investigating the pattern of anatomical brain abnormalities among CSBD patients.MethodsReviewing 39 publications on Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) we have identified main abnormalities specific for addictions and OCD. Than we have collected DTI data from 36 heterosexual males diagnosed with CSBD and 31 matched healthy controls. These results were then compared to the addiction and OCD patterns.ResultsCompared to controls, CSBD individuals showed significant fractional anisotropy (FA) reduction in the superior corona radiata tract, the internal capsule tract, cerebellar tracts and occipital gyrus white matter. Interestingly, all these regions were also identified in previous studies as shared DTI correlates in both OCD and addiction.Discussion and conclusionsResults of our study suggest that CSBD shares similar pattern of abnormalities with both OCD and addiction. As one of the first DTI study comparing structural brain differences between CSBD, addictions and OCD, although it reveals new aspects of CSBD, it is insufficient to determine whether CSBD resembles more an addiction or OCD. Further research, especially comparing directly individuals with all three disorders may provide more conclusive results.

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Smirni, Daniela, Pietro Smirni, Gioacchino Lavanco et Barbara Caci. « Premorbid Personality Traits as Risk Factors for Behavioral Addictions : A Systematic Review of a Vulnerability Hypothesis ». Children 10, n^o 3 (26 février 2023) : 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10030467.

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The debate on personality structure and behavioral addictions is an outstanding issue. According to some authors, behavioral addictions could arise from a premorbid personality, while for others, it could result from a pathological use of technological tools. The current study aims to investigate whether, in the latest literature, personality traits have been identified as predictors of behavioral addictions. A literature search was conducted under the PRISMA methodology, considering the most relevant studies of the five-factor model from the past 10 years. Overall, most studies on addiction, personality traits, and personality genetics proved that behavioral addiction may be an epiphenomenon of a pre-existing personality structure, and that it more easily occurs in vulnerable subjects with emotional instability, negative affects, and unsatisfactory relationships with themselves, others, and events. Such neurotic personality structure was common to any addictive behavior, and was the main risk factor for both substance and behavioral addictions. Therefore, in clinical and educational contexts, it becomes crucial to primarily focus on the vulnerability factors, at-risk personality traits, and protective and moderating traits such as extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience; meanwhile, treatment of behavioral addictions is frequently focused on overt pathological behaviors.

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Qiu, Zeguo, et Junjing Wang. « A voxel-wise meta-analysis of task-based functional MRI studies on impaired gain and loss processing in adults with addiction ». Journal of Psychiatry & ; Neuroscience 46, n^o 1 (1 janvier 2020) : E128—E146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/jpn.200047.

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Background: Disturbances in gain and loss processing have been extensively reported in adults with addiction, a brain disorder characterized by obsession with addictive substances or behaviours. Previous studies have provided conflicting results with respect to neural abnormalities in gain processing in addiction, and few investigations into loss processing. Methods: We conducted voxel-wise metaanalyses of abnormal task-evoked regional activities in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction during the processing of gains and losses not related to their addiction (mainly monetary). We identified 24 studies, including 465 participants with substance dependence, 81 with gambling addiction and 490 healthy controls. Results: Compared with healthy controls, all participants with addictions showed hypoactivations in the prefrontal cortex, striatum and insula and hyperactivations in the default mode network during gain anticipation; hyperactivations in the prefrontal cortex and both hyper- and hypoactivations in the striatum during loss anticipation; and hyperactivations in the occipital lobe during gain outcome. In the substance dependence subgroup, activity in the occipital lobe was increased during gain anticipation but decreased during loss anticipation. Limitations: We were unable to conduct meta-analyses in the gambling addiction subgroup because of a limited data set. We did not investigate the effects of clinical variables because of limited information. Conclusion: The current study identified altered brain activity associated with higher- and lower-level function during gain and loss processing for non-addiction (mainly monetary) stimuli in adults with substance dependence and gambling addiction. Adults with addiction were more sensitive to anticipatory gains than losses at higher- and lower-level brain areas. These results may help us to better understand the pathology of gain and loss processing in addiction.

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Yan, Y., et E. Gutkevich. « Differences in addictive beliefs in people with psychostimulant addiction and in opioid addicts ». European Psychiatry 65, S1 (juin 2022) : S818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2117.

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Introduction Today, a number of researchers consider the problem of addictive behavior as one of the most global problems for Kazakhstan and Russia. Some scientists consider CBT to be the most effective way to work with addictions. In our country there are no scientific works devoted to the study of addictive beliefs, so we decided to conduct such a study Objectives The Objective of the study was to identify the characteristic addictive beliefs of drug addicts with different type of addiction: opioids and synthetic cathinones (designer drugs called “salts”, “bath salts”) Methods Questionnaire of addictive beliefs by A, Beck, questionnaire of beliefs about cravings by A. Beck and F. Wright, clinical interview. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data processing Results People with opioid addiction are more likely to believe that their lives will become more depressive if they stop using drugs (p= 0.0347); that drug use is the only way to cope with pain in their life (p= 0.0347) and that they cannot cope with anxiety without drugs (p=0.009). Respondents who use synthetic psychostimulants endorse to believe that addiction is not a problrm for them (p= 0.0358). Conclusions Having categorized these beliefs in accordance with A. Beck’s classification, we came to the conclusion that “relief-oriented beliefs” are more typical for people who use opiates. The motive for use is often the desire to alleviate a negative emotional or physical state. For people using psychostimulants “salt”, “anticipatory beliefs” are more characteristic - the desire to experience euphoria and pleasant experiences Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Pustovaya, A., Y. Yan et E. Gutkevich. « Features of addictive beliefs with different types of addictions ». European Psychiatry 65, S1 (juin 2022) : S813—S814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2105.

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Introduction Today, a number of researchers consider the problem of addictive behavior as one of the most global problems for Kazakhstan and Russia. Some scientists consider CBT to be the most effective way to work with addictions. In our country there are no scientific works devoted to the study of addictive beliefs, so we decided to conduct such a study. Objectives The Objective of the study was to identify the characteristic addictive beliefs of drug addicts with different type of addiction: opioids and synthetic cathinones (designer drugs called “salts”, “bath salts”). Methods Questionnaire of addictive beliefs by A, Beck, questionnaire of beliefs about cravings by A. Beck and F. Wright, clinical interview. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data processing. Results People with opioid addiction are more likely to believe that their lives will become more depressive if they stop using drugs (p= 0.0347); that drug use is the only way to cope with pain in their life (p= 0.0347) and that they cannot cope with anxiety without drugs (p=0.009). Respondents who use synthetic psychostimulants endorse to believe that addiction is not a problrm for them (p= 0.0358). Conclusions Having categorized these beliefs in accordance with A. Beck’s classification, we came to the conclusion that “relief-oriented beliefs” are more typical for people who use opiates. The motive for use is often the desire to alleviate a negative emotional or physical state. For people using psychostimulants “salt”, “anticipatory beliefs” are more characteristic - the desire to experience euphoria and pleasant experiences. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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