Thèses : « Strict control »

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Thakur, Kishore Kumar Singh. « Implementation of a strict optimistic concurrency control protocol / ». Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674095421&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Computer Science." Keywords: Database, Optimistic concurrency control, Simulation model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30). Also available online.

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THAKUR, KISHOREKUMAR SINGH. « IMPLEMENTATION OF A STRICT OPTIMISTIC CONCURRENCY CONTROL PROTOCOL ». OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/435.

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In today's database management systems (DBMS), concurrency control is one of the main issues that draw a lot of attention. Concurrency control protocols prevent changes to the database made by one user to interfere with those made by another user. During last couple of decades, many new concurrency control mechanisms were introduced into the study of database management systems. Researchers have designed new concurrency control algorithms and examined their performances in comparison with well known concurrency control mechanisms, which are widely used in today's database management systems. The results reported to date, rather than being definitive, have tended to be quite contradictory [1]. The main cause of such findings is use of different assumptions and implications when defining a simulation model for database management systems. Different coding schemes and logical programmatic flows play another important role in obtaining questionable results. In this paper, rather than proposing yet another concurrency control algorithm, I will implement a standardized simulation model within windows application that can then be used by any researcher to test performance of his concurrency control protocol. I will implement Optimistic Concurrency control protocol to validate functionality of my application and compare it with two phase locking protocol.

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Mezerdi, Mohamed Amine. « Equations différentielles stochastiques de type McKean-Vlasov et leur contrôle optimal ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0014.

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Nous considérons les équations différentielles stochastiques (EDS) de Mc Kean-Vlasov, qui sont des EDS dont les coefficients de dérive et de diffusion dépendent non seulement de l'état du processus inconnu, mais également de sa loi de probabilité. Ces EDS, également appelées EDS à champ moyen, ont d'abord été étudiées en physique statistique et représentent en quelque sorte le comportement moyen d'un nombre infini de particules. Récemment, ce type d'équations a suscité un regain d'intérêt dans le contexte de la théorie des jeux à champ moyen. Cette théorie a été inventée par P.L. Lions et J.M. Lasry en 2006, pour résoudre le problème de l'existence d'un équilibre de Nash approximatif pour les jeux différentiels, avec un grand nombre de joueurs. Ces équations ont trouvé des applications dans divers domaines tels que la théorie des jeux, la finance mathématique, les réseaux de communication et la gestion des ressources pétrolières. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié les questions de stabilité par rapport aux données initiales, aux coefficients et aux processus directeurs des équations de McKean-Vlasov. Les propriétés génériques de ce type d'équations stochastiques, telles que l'existence et l'unicité, la stabilité par rapport aux paramètres, ont été examinées. En théorie du contrôle, notre attention s'est portée sur l'existence et l'approximation de contrôles relaxés pour les systèmes gouvernés par des EDS de Mc Kean-Vlasov
We consider Mc Kean-Vlasov stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are SDEs where the drift and diffusion coefficients depend not only on the state of the unknown process but also on its probability distribution. These SDEs called also mean- field SDEs were first studied in statistical physics and represent in some sense the average behavior of an infinite number of particles. Recently there has been a renewed interest for this kind of equations in the context of mean-field game theory. Since the pioneering papers by P.L. Lions and J.M. Lasry, mean-field games and mean-field control theory has raised a lot of interest, motivated by applications to various fields such as game theory, mathematical finance, communications networks and management of oil resources. In this thesis, we studied questions of stability with respect to initial data, coefficients and driving processes of Mc Kean-Vlasov equations. Generic properties for this type of SDEs, such as existence and uniqueness, stability with respect to parameters, have been investigated. In control theory, our attention were focused on existence, approximation of relaxed controls for controlled Mc Kean-Vlasov SDEs

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Chen, Lifeng. « RESIDENTIAL STREET DESIGN AND TRAFFIC CONTROL ». The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555362.

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Andersson, Karl. « Intelligent control system for street lighting ». Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28731.

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Street lighting is an important aspect of infrastructure in terms of both safety and comfort, but it also consumes a lot of energy. Unused light is a waste of energy, and without any form of control of the street lighting, this problem will continue to increase along with the expansion of road networks. The aim of this thesis is to propose an intelligent control system for street lighting that can adapt to the velocity of individual road users, to investigate if this could provide ways to improve the efficiency of street lighting. Previous control approaches include systems based on ambient light intensity or presence of road users, but no studies were found in which illumination adapts to the velocity of road users. The project involves three main steps, including a literature review, a system implementation and evaluation. In the proposed system, street lights cooperate to detect road users and calculate their velocities in order to adapt the illumination and make it follow their movement. It can be concluded from the evaluation results that the velocity readings help further optimize the illumination control in comparison to systems that do not consider velocity. The velocity readings make it possible to only illuminate the roadway in the direction of travel, while also adapting the distance of illumination to the recorded speed. The proposed control scheme is considered a viable solution for reducing the amount of unused light, consequently reducing the energy consumption of street lighting.

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Wang, Qichao. « Street Traffic Signal Optimal Control for NEMA Controllers ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101552.

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This dissertation aims to reduce urban traffic congestion with street traffic signal control. The traffic signal controllers in the U.S. follow the National Electrical Manufacturing Association Standards (NEMA Standards). In a NEMA controller, the control parameters for a coordinated control are cycle, green splits, and offset. This dissertation proposed a virtual phase-link concept and developed a macroscopic model to describe the dynamics of a traffic network. The coordinated optimal splits control problem was solved using model predictive control. The outputs of the solution are the green splits that can be used in NEMA controllers. I compared the proposed method with a state-of-the-practice signal timing software under coordinated-actuated control settings. It was found that the proposed method significantly outperformed the benchmarking method. I compared the proposed NEMA-based virtual phase-link model and a Max Pressure controller model using Vissim. It was found that the virtual phase-link method outperformed two control strategies and performed close, but not as good as, the Max Pressure control strategy. The disadvantage of the virtual phase-link method stemmed from the waste of green time during a fixed control cycle length and the delay which comes from the slowing down of platoon during a road link to allow vehicles to switch lanes. Compared to the Max Pressure control strategy, the virtual phase-link method can be implemented by any traffic controller that follows the NEMA standards. The real-time requirement of the virtual phase-link method is not as strict as the Max Pressure control strategy. I introduced the offsets optimization into the virtual phase-link method. I modeled the traffic arrival pattern based on the optimization results from the virtual phase-link control method. I then derived a phase delay function based on the traffic arrival pattern. The phase delay function is a function of the offset between two consecutive intersections. This phase delay function was then used for offsets optimization along an arterial. I tested the offsets optimization method against a base case using microscopic simulations. It was found that the proposed offset optimization method can significantly reduce vehicle delays.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Araújo, Filho Tarcísio Perdigão. « A construção de um controle negociado : o trabalho dos auxiliares de fiscalização da prefeitura de Belo Horizonte ». Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7750.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
This research aims to understand how the control of practices in public spaces is elaborated, wich is part of the urban surveillance so called "fiscalização" of Belo Horizonte, under the protection of the Código de Posturas (2003). This is a social control which focuses on the regulation of street vendors activities, marked as "social problem" in a context of "urban order" promotion. Further than an analysis that prioritizes organizational or institutional ideal types, this research developed between 2013 and 2015, priorized the data collection "from inside", from an interactional point of view. For this, qualitative research techniques (interviews and observation) were operated in order to keep the subjects working practices as the main reference for descriptions and analyzes. These workers work daily on city streets in direct contact with the street vendors (interacting with other people, like other professional groups) in different part of the fronts of street surveillance: the plantões, the equipes de Apoio and the operações. In general, the practices of these assistants anticipates the participation of their bosses, the fiscais integrados (and other authorities in this field), reducing, as an effect, their workload. At the same time, these assistants actively participate of the situational production of references of differenciation (between formal /informal, bearable/unbearable) and social control as a whole. The research effort was to come up, in an interrelated manner, the various aspects that make up the street surveillance as a social construction. At the beginning, I analysed the strategic and managerial aspects enrolled in practical work of these agents in different working arrangements and enviroments, giving a focus on how the control is produced in a negotiated manner, although it is constantly rationalized as a tool for public space management. The analysis was enlarged by replacing the focus on the continuities and discontinuities between the private life aspects and the work aspects, from the reconstruction of trajectories of some of the research subjects. Through this perspective, it was possible to work out with some different social aspects (such as class and gender) in order to observe and describe the practices that reveal the main basis and senses of this social and relational control. All this conjugated analysis dimensions demonstrate how this particular control is produced. At the same time, it shows, from this field, some modes of circulation of power.
Esta pesquisa volta-se a compreender como se constrói o controle sobre práticas realizado nos espaços públicos da cidade, parte da chamada fiscalização que é realizada pela Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte, sob o amparo do Código de Posturas (2003). Trata-se de um controle cujo foco é a regulação do comércio ambulante, pautado como “problema social” diante ao objetivo contido no “ordenamento urbano”. Indo além de uma análise que priorize tipos organizacionais ou institucionais ideais, desenvolvi uma investigação, compreendida entre 2013 e 2015, que priorizasse o levantamento de dados “desde dentro”, a partir de uma mirada interacionista. Para isso, lanço mão de técnicas qualitativas de investigação (entrevistas e observação) a fim de partir das práticas de trabalho dos auxiliares de fiscalização, terceirizados da Prefeitura e principais sujeitos da pesquisa, como principal mote para a elaboração dos dados, descrições e análises. Estes trabalhadores atuam cotidianamente nas ruas da cidade em contato direto com os comerciantes ambulantes (além de outros públicos e em interação com outros grupos profissionais), em diferentes frentes do âmbito da operacionalização da fiscalização “de rua”: os plantões, as equipes de Apoio, as operações. De forma geral, a prática destes auxiliares antecipa a participação dos fiscais integrados (e outras autoridades desse campo), diminuindo, assim, sua carga de trabalho. Ao mesmo tempo, os auxiliares de fiscalização participam ativamente da produção situacional dos referenciais diferenciadores (formal/informal, regular/irregular, tolerável/intolerável) e do controle social como um todo. O esforço da pesquisa foi trazer, de forma inter-relacionada, os vários aspectos que compõem a fiscalização “de rua” como construção social. Começo pela análise dos aspectos estratégicos e gestionários inscritos na prática de trabalho destes agentes, nas diferentes modalidades de trabalho, dando um enfoque na maneira como o controle se produz de forma negociada, ainda que seja constantemente racionalizada, como um instrumento de gestão do espaço público. Amplio a análise posicionando o foco sobre as continuidades e descontinuidades entre o “mundo do privado” e o “mundo do trabalho”, a partir da reconstituição de trajetórias dos sujeitos de pesquisa. Por esta perspectiva, foi possível balizar construções e agenciamentos sociais amplos (como classe e gênero) às práticas observadas e descritas, o que está expresso pela apropriação de papéis que extrapolam o próprio campo da fiscalização, mas que desvelam seus sentidos e suas bases como controle relacional. Todas as dimensões conjugadas compõem a produção multifacetada desse controle peculiar, ao mesmo tempo que demonstram os modos de circulação do poder a partir desse campo.

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Lykouropoulos, Efstathios, Andreas Kostoulas et Zainab Jumaa. « Connect street light control devices in a secure network ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-28180.

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Wireless communications is a constantly progressing technology in network engineering society, creating an environment full of opportunities that are targeting in financial growth, quality of life and humans prosperity. Wireless security is the science that has as a goal to provide safe data communication between authorized users and prevent unauthorized users from gaining access, deny access, damage or counterfeit data in a wireless environment. In order to success it uses layers of protection that consist of software and hardware mechanisms that are able to monitor network’s behavior and in coordination provide a safe and secure environment for the user. In this thesis, a scientific research will be conducted in a given wireless network topology designed for an original application. This is about an intelligent street lightning system and it has already been implemented by Greinon Engineering which is the company that we are cooperating with. It is a matter of great importance that this thesis was conducted under real life criteria and in cooperation with an engineering company. This means that our programming, our ideas, our study research were all rotated and concentrated in certain type of hardware – software and network topology. In this thesis there is a detailed overview of basic wireless security mechanisms – vulnerabilities – types of attacks and countermeasures focused on 802.11b protocol. Moreover there will be security weak point’s analysis on the given industrial network; our proposals to protect and secure this network based on our threat analysis of the current system. There is an analysis on the most up to date VPN security implementations and reasoning that guided our team to conclude in a specific procedure - protocol and implementation, including limitation factors – obstacles faces during this procedure. During this research iterative approach in procedures – ideas and implementation attempts is followed. Basic goal is to provide security solutions that are easy applicable, low cost, easy to maintain and monitor.

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Brown, Alison Louise. « Selective control of cleavers (Galium aparine) during the succession of arable field margins ». Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288035.

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Zahran, Eldur. « Biological control of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. using formulated mycoherbicides under Sudan field conditions ». [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:100-opus-2320.

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Bennett, Kathryn. « Preserving the village : Cambridge Street and the end of rent control ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64529.

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Delahaye, Marie-Louise. « Structure et biosynthèse des polysaccharides chez "plasmopara viticola", parasite strict de la vigne ». Mulhouse, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MULH0384.

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« Plasmopara viticola », champignon de la classe des oomycètes, est un parasite strict responsable du mildiou de la vigne. Ce champignon renferme des bêta (1-3) glucanes dont une partie est ramifiée en position C-6, des bêta (1-4) polysaccharides linéaires et des alpha (1-4) glucanes dont une partie est ramifiée en position C-6. Les parois cellulaires extraites de ce champignon contiennent 37% de 1-3 glucanes et 63% de 1-4 glucanes. Les cellules de « plasmopara viticola » renferment également de la glucosamine ainsi qu'un acide aminé particulier, caractéristique des organismes cellulosiques, l'hydroxyproline. « Plasmopara viticola » synthétise des polysaccharides radioactifs in vivo à partir de D-(2-14C)glucose et in vitro a partir d'UDP-(U-14C)glucose. La bacitracine A, composé inhibant la biosynthèse des composés lipidiques intervenant dans la synthèse des glycolipides et des peptidoglycanes, inhibe fortement la biosynthèse des polysaccharides chez « plasmopara viticola ». L'échinocandine B et la cilofungine, inhibiteurs potentiels de la biosynthèse des 1-3 glucanes chez différents champignons n'appartenant pas aux oomycètes, n'ont peu d'action sur la biosynthèse des polysaccharides chez « plasmopara viticola »

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Banhos, Sérgio Silveira. « Discricionariedade e princípios na hipermodernidade ». Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2007. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7555.

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This thesis addresses the recent doctrinal and jurisprudential tendency observed in the law in the context of hypermodernity, which indicates an effective reduction in the use of discretionality in administrative acts as a result of the integrated ap-plication of principles and rules. The traditional legalistic approach is currently giv-ing way to a more wide-ranging view, exemplified in Ronald Dworkin s theory of law as integrity through which not only rules, but also principles themselves, should be subjected to a systemic, integrated analysis. Given this, Dworkin s work forms the theoretical platform for the questions raised by this entire study, since the integrated application of principles and rules has become fundamental in the pursuit of the ideal of justice, bringing a new focus on the role of administrative law in an environment of deep and rapid change that typifies hypermodernity. Consid-ering the new concept of the separation of powers, the notion of strict legality, by presupposing a means of controlling the exercise of State power, must be set against other constitutional principles of equal importance, taking into account the particularities of each case in question. In this context, the traditional concept of discretionality is outmoded. Jurisdictive control of these acts is not only possible, but also absolutely essential in a democratic state of law. The synthesis of this new paradigm for administrative law is clear and should be an indissoluble part of administators agenda in contemporary society: citizens are the effective benefici-aries of constitutional rights and guarantees. The technique of balancing principles by assessing their values in the particular case is already part of the jurisprudence of hypermodernity, which is in synchrony with neopositivism and the theory of law as integrity
Esta dissertação demonstra a recente tendência doutrinária e jurisprudencial ob-servada no Direito da hipermodernidade, que indica efetiva diminuição da parcela de discricionariedade nos atos da Administração Pública, a partir da aplicação in-tegrada de princípios e regras. Da tradicional abordagem puramente legalista passa-se atualmente para uma visão mais abrangente na teoria do Direito como Integridade, de RONALD DWORKIN, mediante a qual não só normas, mas também princípios, devem ser analisados de maneira sistêmica, integrada. Dado isso, a obra de DWORKIN é a base teórica de apoio às questões instigadas por todo este estudo, porque a aplicação integrada de princípios e regras se tornou essencial à busca do ideal de justiça, trazendo novo enfoque quanto ao papel do Direito Ad-ministrativo nesta ambiência de profundas e rápidas transformações típicas da hi-permodernidade. Considerada a nova concepção da separação dos poderes, o princípio da legalidade estrita, por encerrar uma fórmula de contenção do exercí-cio do poder estatal, deve ser contraposto a outros princípios constitucionais de igual relevo, observado o caso concreto. A acepção clássica da discricionarieda-de, assim, encontra-se de vez superada. O controle jurisdicional desses atos não é só possível, mas imprescindível num Estado Democrático de Direito. A síntese desse novo paradigma para o Direito Administrativo é clara e deve pautar a agen-da dos administradores na contemporaneidade: os administrados são os efetivos destinatários dos direitos e das garantias constitucionais. A técnica de pondera-ção dos princípios contrapondo valores nos casos considerados já faz parte da realidade da jurisprudência da hipermodernidade, que se encontra sintonizada com o neopositivismo e com a teoria do Direito como Integridade

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Marshall, Hollianne Elizabeth. « Defended neighborhoods and organized crime does organized crime lower street crime ? / ». Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002751.

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Mak, Spencer, et Mattias Bjäde. « Design and Implementation of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ». Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för Informationsvetenskap, Data– och Elektroteknik (IDE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15221.

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With limited road infrastructure and increasing number of vehicles on the road, an intelligent transport system is needed to increase the throughput in traffic and minimize traffic jams in highly populated areas. The purpose of this project is to design and implement a control system that is capable of driving and following the preceding vehicle autonomously in the longitude direction only. The vehicle is also equipped with a vehicle to vehicle communication unit. With this information, all vehicles on the road can communicate with each other and are able to achieve shorter distances between vehicles and damp any disturbance caused by upstream traffic. A general structure on Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) is created by studying the research from The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). A string stability criterion is used to determine if the system is suitable of driving in a platoon, where a string of vehicles are following a lead vehicle. This system is then implemented in a Volvo S60 and has participated in the 2011 Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge hosted in The Netherlands. The results show that the system has ability to increase throughput and damp disturbance on the upstream traffic by communicating with the other vehicles ahead. The system is also robust and simple enough to earn the 2nd place in the competition.
Grand Cooperative Driving Challenge

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Kötter, Wolfgang. « Anwendung oder Nichtanwendung von Kernwaffen ? : Ein Streit mit weit reichenden Konsequenzen ». Universität Potsdam, 2002. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/947/.

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The question of use or non-use of nuclear weapons has suddenly got new prominence as part of the search for an effective strategy against international terrorism. This dispute is not new. Within the deterrence strategy, American and NATO nuclear weapons policy over the years shifted from massive retaliation over flexible response towards nuclearweapons only as a last resort.
In the multilateral framework, deliberations have focussed on positive and negative assurances for non-nuclear weapons states. The International Court of Justice, in its Advisory Opinion, considers the use of nuclear weapons as generally contrary to the rules of international law. Today, there are strong indications that the U.S. is moving towards giving nuclear weapons a war-fighting role. For future wars, the likelihood of nuclear weapons being used would grow considerably.

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Cumyn, Michelle. « La validité du contrat suivant le droit strict ou l'équité : étude historique et comparée des nullités contractuelles / ». Paris : LGDJ, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389285013.

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Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Droit--Paris 1, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Origines et fondements des nullités contractuelles : droit civil et droit de tradition anglaise.
Bibliogr. p. 267-281. Index.

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Giri, Subhasis. « Vegetative covers for sediment control and phosphorus sequestration from dairy waste application fields ». Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85996.

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Excessive phosphorus (P) in runoff contributes to eutrophication of fresh water bodies. Studies have shown that manure and effluent applied from animal feeding operations to waste application fields (WAFs) have contributed to excess P in segments of the North Bosque River in east central Texas. There is a growing need for environmentally sound, economically viable, and easy to establish best management practices to control such pollution. Vegetative buffer strips offer a potential solution for reducing runoff P from WAFs by extracting it from soil and by reducing sediment P delivery (due to reduced runoff and soil erosion) to streams. In a field study, ten plots (5m x 5m) were assigned to five replicated treatments, namely control (bare, without having any plant cover), cool season grass, warm season forb, warm season grass, and warm season legume to assess their efficacy of runoff sediment control and P sequestration potential from soil. These plots were established on a coastal Bermuda grass WAF that received dairy lagoon effluent. A runoff collection system, a 1m x 1m sub-plot with a runoff conveyance and collection apparatus, was installed on the upstream and downstream margins of each plot. Natural rainfall runoff samples were collected and analyzed subsequently for total P, soluble P, and total suspended solids in the laboratory. Additionally, the total mass of runoff collected from each sub-plot was calculated. Results suggested that the warm season forb and warm season grass were the most effective vegetative covers for the reduction of runoff P, followed by coastal Bermuda and cool season grass, respectively. The lesser amount of runoff total P in these two treatments was due to lesser runoff mass and lesser sediments in the runoff due to initial interception of rain and less raindrop impact on soil because of denser vegetative cover in both treatments compared to all other treatments.

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Gundu, Pavan Kumar. « Trajectory Tracking Control of Unmanned Ground Vehicles using an Intermittent Learning Algorithm ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93213.

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Traffic congestion and safety has become a major issue in the modern world's commute. Congestion has been causing people to travel billions of hours more and to purchase billions of gallons of fuel extra which account to congestion cost of billions of dollars. Autonomous driving vehicles have been one solution to this problem because of their huge impact on efficiency, pollution, and human safety. Also, extensive research has been carried out on control design of vehicular platoons because a further improvement in traffic throughput while not compromising the safety is possible when the vehicles in the platoon are provided with better predictive abilities. Motion control is a key area of autonomous driving research that handles moving parts of vehicles in a deliberate and controlled manner. A widely worked on problem in motion control concerned with time parameterized reference tracking is trajectory tracking. Having an efficient and effective tracking algorithm embedded in the autonomous driving system is the key for better performance in terms of resources consumed and tracking error. Many tracking control algorithms in literature rely on an accurate model of the vehicle and often, it can be an intimidating task to come up with an accurate model taking into consideration various conditions like friction, heat effects, ageing processes etc. And typically, control algorithms rely on periodic execution of the tasks that update the control actions, but such updates might not be required, which result in unnecessary actions that waste resources. The main focus of this work is to design an intermittent model-free optimal control algorithm in order to enable autonomous vehicles to track trajectories at high-speeds. To obtain a solution which is model-free, a Q-learning setup with an actor-network to approximate the optimal intermittent controller and a critic network to approximate the optimal cost, resulting in the appropriate tuning laws is considered.
Master of Science
A risen research effort in the area of autonomous vehicles has been witnessed in the past few decades because these systems improve safety, comfort, transport time and energy consumption which are some of the main issues humans are facing in the modern world’s highway systems. Systems like emergency braking, automatic parking, blind angle vehicle detection are creating a safer driving environment in populated areas. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are what such kind of systems are known as. An extension of these partially automated ADAS are vehicles with fully automated driving abilities, which are able to drive by themselves without any human involvement. An extensively proposed approach for making traffic throughput more efficient on existing highways is to assemble autonomous vehicles into platoons. Small intervehicle spacing and many vehicles constituting each platoon formation improve the traffic throughput significantly. Lately, the advancements in computational capabilities, in terms of both algorithms and hardware, communications, and navigation and sensing devices contributed a lot to the development of autonomous systems (both single and multiagent) that operate with high reliability in uncertain/dynamic operating conditions and environments. Motion control is an important area in the autonomous vehicles research. Trajectory-tracking is a widely studied motion control scenario which is about designing control laws that force a system to follow some time-dependent reference path and it is important to have an effective and efficient trajectory-tracking control law in an autonomous vehicle to reduce the resources consumed and tracking error. The goal of this work is to design an intermittent model-free trajectory tracking control algorithm where there is no need of any mathematical model of the vehicle system being controlled and which can reduce the controller updates by allowing the system to evolve in an open loop fashion and close the loop only when an user defined triggering condition is satisfied. The approach is energy efficient in that the control updates are limited to instances when they are needed rather than unnecessary periodic updates. Q-learning which is a model-free reinforcement learning technique is used in the trajectory tracking motion control algorithm to make the vehicles track their respective reference trajectories without any requirement of their motion model, the knowledge of which is generally needed when dealing with a motion control problem. The testing of the designed algorithm in simulations and experiments is presented in this work. The study and development of a vehicle platform in order to perform the experiments is also discussed. Different motion control and sensing techniques are presented and used. The vehicle platform is shown to track a reference trajectory autonomously without any human intervention, both in simulations and experiments, proving the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

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Sheng, Li. « THE INTERACTIVE HARDWARE-IN-LOOP SIMULATION SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT ». University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1132429944.

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Marshall, Hollianne. « DEFENDED NEIGHBORHOODS AND ORGANIZED CRIME : DOES ORGANIZED CRIME LOWER STREET CRIME ? » Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2799.

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The literature suggests that neighborhoods with organized criminal networks would have lower crime rates than other neighborhoods or communities, because of the social control their organization exerts on residents and visitors. The strictly organized Italian-American Mafia seems to have characteristics that would translate throughout the neighborhood: People will not participate in overt illegal behaviors because they do not know who is watching, and the fear of what the Mafia might do keeps residents and visitors to the neighborhood relatively well-behaved. Using crime statistics from the NYPD and census data for neighborhood characteristics, four linear regressions were calculated. The results indicate that low socioeconomic status is the main factor explaining neighborhood crime rate variations in New York City. The percent of the population under 18 and density were also listed as influential factors for some variables. The percent of foreign-born Italians was noted as significant in the correlation models, though it is not yet clear what this might truly indicate. The proxy variable for Mafia presence was not significant, and this can either be due to inaccuracies of the measurement of the variable or a true decrease in the influence of Mafia presence after the string of RICO arrests in the 1980s and 1990s. The results imply that Mafia presence does not influence neighborhood social control, but they do reinforce social disorganization theory. The foundation of this theory is neighborhood stability; the more unstable a neighborhood is, the more susceptible the neighborhood is to crime and dysfunction. Factors like low socioeconomic status and density influence neighborhood stability. Future research should attempt to have more accurate representations of Mafia presence and neighborhood characteristics.
M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA

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Carullo, Francesco. « Analysis, simulation and control of the Von Karman vortex street behind a circular cylinder ». Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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This work focuses on studying the 2D wake pattern behind a bluff body/airfoil immersed in a fluid. Within a specific Reynolds number range, a repeating pattern of swirling vortices shows up: the "Von Karman Vortex Street". To suppress Vortex-Induced Vibration which can cause the structure resonating, a suitable control method has to be adopted. Furthermore, this work aims at designing a control technique for a flapping airfoil able to produce the desired "Reverse Von Karman Vortex Street": a thrust-generating wake created by the birds flapping wings.

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Slater, Stefan. « Street sex for sale in Soho, 1918-39 : experiences, representations and attempts at control ». Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.478908.

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Alicea, José Antonio. « Dancing with the city--the Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative and land control in Roxbury ». Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62910.

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Flores, Carlos. « Architecture de contrôle pour le car-following adaptatif et coopératif ». Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM048/document.

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L'adoption récente et généralisée des systèmes d'automatisation des véhicules, avec l’incorporation de la connectivité entre voitures, a encouragé l’utilisation des techniques comme le Contrôle Croisière Adaptatif Coopératif (CACC) et la conduite en convoi. Ces techniques ont prouvé l’amélioration du flux de trafic et la sécurité de la conduite, tout en réduisant la consommation d’énergie et les émissions CO_2. Néanmoins, la robustesse et la stabilité stricte du convoi, malgré les délais de communication et l’hétérogénéité des convois, restent des sujets de recherche en cours. Cette thèse a pour sujet la conception, l’analyse et validation de systèmes de contrôle pour le car-following automatisé et coopératif, en ciblant l’augmentation de ses avantages et son usage, en se concentrant sur la robustesse et la stabilité du convoi même sur des séries de véhicules hétérogènes avec des retards de communication. Une structure feedforward/feedback est développée, dont sa modularité est fondamentale pour la mise au point des approches avec des objectifs différents mais complémentaires. L’architecture permet non seulement l’adoption d’une stratégie d’espacement pour la range entière de vitesse, mais elle peut aussi être employée dans le cadre d’un CACC basé sur une machine d’état pour la conduite en convoi sur des environnements urbains avec des capacités de freinage d’urgence et de rejoint du convoi. Des différents algorithmes pour la conception de systèmes de contrôle feedback pour la régulation des distances sont présentés, pour quoi le calcul d’ordre fractionnaire démontre fournir des réponses fréquentielles de boucle fermé plus précises et satisfaire des besoins plus exigeantes. La performance est assurée malgré l’hétérogénéité avec la proposition de deux approches feedforward différents. Le premier est basé sur une topologie en considérant que le véhicule précédent dans la boucle, tandis que le deuxième inclut le véhicule leader pour améliorer la performance de suivi. Les algorithmes proposés sont validés avec des études de stabilité dans le domaine du temps et fréquence, ainsi que simulations et expérimentations réelles
Recent widespread adoption of vehicle automation and introduction of vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity has opened the doors for techniques as Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) and platooning, showing promising results in terms of traffic capacity and safety improvement, while reducing fuel consumption and CO_2 emissions. However, robustness and strict string stability, despite communication delays and string heterogeneity is still an on-going research field. This thesis deals with the design, study and validation of control systems for cooperative automated car-following, with the purpose of extending their benefits and encourage their employment, focusing on robustness and string stability, despite possible V2V communication delays and string heterogeneity. A feedforward/feedback hierarchical control structure is developed, which modularity is fundamental for the proposal of approaches that target different but complementary performance objectives. The architecture not only permits the adoption of a full speed range spacing policy that target multiple criteria, but can also be employed in a state machine-based CACC framework for urban environments with emergency braking and platoon re-joining capabilities in case of pedestrian interaction. Different feedback control design algorithms are presented for the gap-regulation, for which the fractional-order calculus is demonstrated to provide more accurate closed loop frequency responses and satisfy more demanding requirements. Desired performance is ensured in spite of string heterogeneity through the proposal of two feedforward methods : one based on predecessor-only topology, while the second includes the leader vehicle information on feedforward to gain tracking capabilities. Proposed control algorithms are validated through time and frequency-domain stability studies, simulation and real platforms experiments

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Campos, Patricia de Sousa. « Avalia??o da usabilidade de um sistema informatizado de controle acad?mico : um estudo com coordenadores e secret?rios de cursos stricto sensu da UFRN ». Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16912.

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The aim of this study is to assess the usability of the Integrated Management System for Academic Activities (SIGAA) for the sensu stricto postgraduate programs at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. The study was based on ergonomic criteria proposed by Bastien and Scapin (1993) and the Federal Government s Handbook of Usability (2010). The methodology used was a descriptive data survey involving an online questionnaire, and a sample of 46 system users, composed of coordinators and secretaries from the sensu stricto postgraduate programs. In addition to this procedure, open interviews were held with the users as well as a documental analysis of calls registered by them at the SIGAA between May 2012 and June 2013. Data analysis showed that a number of additional usability criteria need to be implemented, primarily related to ergonomic problems of orientation, error management and workload. Based on the analyses, several changes were proposed that may streamline secretarial activities, as well as provide greater satisfaction and interaction between the SIGAA and its users
O objetivo deste trabalho ? avaliar a usabilidade do sistema automatizado de controle das atividades acad?micas (SIGAA) voltados para a P?s-gradua??o Stricto Sensu da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. O estudo teve como base os crit?rios ergon?micos de Bastien e Scapin (1993) e a Cartilha de Usabilidade do Governo Federal (2010). A metodologia ? do tipo descritiva, de levantamento de dados, atrav?s da aplica??o de um question?rio online, junto a uma amostra de 46 usu?rios desse sistema, compreendendo os coordenadores e secret?rios das p?s-gradua??es Stricto Sensu. Al?m desse procedimento, foram realizadas entrevistas abertas com usu?rios e foi feita uma an?lise documental de chamados registrados no SIGAA pelos usu?rios, compreendendo o per?odo de maio de 2012 a junho de 2013. A an?lise dos dados mostrar?o que alguns crit?rios de usabilidade precisam ser incrementados, principalmente quanto aos problemas ergon?micos de condu??o, gest?o de erros e carga de trabalho. Com base nas an?lises, foram propostas v?rias mudan?as que poder?o agilizar as atividades na secretaria, bem como proporcionar uma maior satisfa??o e intera??o entre o SIGAA e seus usu?rios

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Schoonderwaldt, Erwin. « Mechanics and acoustics of violin bowing : Freedom, constraints and control in performance ». Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Datavetenskap och kommunikation, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9826.

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Branhammar, Elin, et Angelica Edström. « Social Work with Street Children in Iringa, Tanzania : Challenges and Possibilities ». Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-23768.

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There is a large number of children living or spending most of their day on the street. The situation for those children is harsh since they for example do not get their basic needs met. Several organizations’ work includes interventions towards street children in their programmes, but the amount still increases every year. The aim with this study is to examine and explore which challenges the OVC-program face when working with street children, and how these challenges are addressed in their daily work. A qualitative approach was chosen where observations and interviews with personnel were conducted at the OVC- program in Iringa, Tanzania. The result shows that it is hard to know if the program’s goal – to reduce the number of street children in Iringa region – is reached as it is newly implemented. However, the program’s evaluation shows a positive trend. Focus in the work to fulfil the goal is primary the personnel’s attitudes towards the children. The result also shows that an empowerment- based approach is used in the daily work. By combining control and participation the possibility to help the street children to achieve autonomy increases. One challenge in the work is that this control limits the freedom on the street that the children desire. Consequently the relation between control and participation is important to create a successful intervention.
Det finns ett stort antal barn som lever eller spenderar merparten av sin dag på gatan. Situationen för dessa barn är svår, bland annat då deras basala behov inte blir tillgodosedda. Trots att många organisationer arbetar med interventioner riktade mot gatubarn ökar antalet varje år. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka och utforska vilka utmaningar OVC-programmet möter i arbetet med gatubarn, samt på vilket sätt dessa utmaningar hanteras i den dagliga verksamheten. En kvalitativ ansats har valts för att besvara studiens syfte, där observationer och intervjuer med personal har genomförts på OVC-programmet i Iringa, Tanzania. Resultatet visar att programmets mål, att reducera antalet gatubarn i Iringaregionen, i dagsläget är svårt att uttala sig om då det nyligen är implementerat. Dock visar programmets utvärdering på en positiv utveckling. I arbetet mot att nå målet ligger fokus främst på personalens bemötande gentemot barnen. Resultatet visar även att ett empowermentbaserat arbetssätt tillämpas i den dagliga verksamheten. Genom att kombinera kontroll och medbestämmande skapas möjligheten att hjälpa gatubarnen till ett autonomt liv. En av utmaningarna i arbetet är att denna kontroll begränsar barnens frihet som de upplever och värdesätter på gatan. Därmed är relationen mellan kontroll och medbestämmande viktig för att skapa en lyckad intervention.

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Ball, Martyn Norman. « Noise law in England and Wales : a comparative study of the current common law and legislative control of noise pollution ». Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366447.

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Yoak, Andrew James. « Disease Control through Fertility Control : Explorations in Two Urban Systems ». The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1430989186.

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Corregliano, Danilo Uler. « O sistema de controle judicial do movimento grevista no Brasil : da greve dos petroleiros em 1995 aos dias atuais ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-08122014-101712/.

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As reflexões aqui propostas buscam compreender a maneira com que o Poder Judiciário brasileiro se posiciona diante das greves, principalmente a partir da greve dos petroleiros em 1995. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de um sistema de controle judicial do Direito do Trabalho. Para tanto, são analisados tanto a greve quanto este sistema, mediante uma leitura crítica da doutrina jurídica, política e sociológica correspondentes. Estabelecendo-se estas determinações estruturais, torna-se possível caracterizar o assim chamado sistema de controle judicial em uma de suas funções primordiais na totalidade capitalista, qual seja a interdição do expediente grevista. Na sequência, concretiza-se a leitura a partir da cadeia de acontecimentos que marcaram aquela experiência grevista dos petroleiros, seguida por outras tendências jurisprudenciais. O estudo se completa com a análise acerca das possibilidades e limites para a neutralização dos mecanismos de controle deste sistema.
The following questions intend to understand the manner that the Judiciary relates with the strikes, mainly since the oil workers strike at 1995. The research assumes the hypothesis of the judicial control system from Labor Law. Thereunto, the strike and this system are analyzed by a critical perusal of the corresponding legal, political and sociological doctrine. Establishing these structural determinations, it is possible to characterize the so-called judicial control system at one of its primordial function on the capitalist totality, namely the striker interdiction. Then, the reading is materialized from the chain of events that branded that oil workers strike, followed by other jurisprudential trends. The study finishes with an analysis of the possibilities and limits to the neutralization of the control mechanisms from this system.

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Tello, Ivan Francisco Yupanqui [UNESP]. « Projeto de controle robusto para sistemas chaveados via LMIs ». Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151004.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Neste trabalho são apresentados uma série de resultados relacionados com as técnicas de controle para sistemas lineares chaveados incertos que asseguram índices de desempenho e custos garantidos no projeto. Inicialmente a técnica abordada para este estudo consiste na utilização das desigualdades de Lyapunov-Metzler e as propriedades dos sistemas Estritamente Reais Positivos (ERP). São abordados os sistemas Lyapunov-Metzler-ERP (LMERP), que permitem o desenvolvimento de um método de projeto de estabilização para sistemas que apresentam comutação e incertezas no modelo, usando para isto a realimentação do vetor de estado. A análise de estabilidade é descrita por meio de Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (em inglês: Linear Matrix Inequalities), LMIs, que, quando factíveis, são facilmente resolvidas por meio de ferramentas disponíveis de programação convexa. Neste trabalho trata-se também da síntese via realimentação de estado com chaveamento no ganho que assegura o critério de desempenho Hoo. Para a validação das estratégias de controle mencionadas foram realizadas simulações e experimentos práticos em um sistema de suspensão ativa de bancada e em um sistema ball balancer, equipamentos fabricados pela Quanser. Os resultados comprovam a eficácia dos método propostos tanto nas simulações quanto nos testes realizados em bancada.
This work presents a series of results related to the control techniques for uncertain switched linear systems that ensure performance indicators and guaranteed cost in the design. Initially the technique discussed in this study is the use of Lyapunov-Metzler Inequalities and properties of Strictly Positive Real Systems (SPR), so the Lyapunov-Metzler-SPR systems (LMSRP) are revised, which allow the development of a method of stabilization for systems that have switching and uncertainties in the model, using for this the state feedback. The stability analysis is described by Linear Matrix Inequalities, LMIs, that when are feasible, these are easily solved through tools available in convex programming literature. We also deal with the synthesis via state feedback with switching in the gain that ensures the performance criterion Hoo. In order to validate the proposed strategy simulations and experiments were performed on a bench active suspension system and a ball balancer system, equipments manufactured by Quanser. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method both in simulations and in bench tests.

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Tello, Ivan Francisco Yupanqui. « Projeto de controle robusto para sistemas chaveados via LMIs / ». Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151004.

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Orientador: Rodrigo Cardim
Resumo: Neste trabalho são apresentados uma série de resultados relacionados com as técnicas de controle para sistemas lineares chaveados incertos que asseguram índices de desempenho e custos garantidos no projeto. Inicialmente a técnica abordada para este estudo consiste na utilização das desigualdades de Lyapunov-Metzler e as propriedades dos sistemas Estritamente Reais Positivos (ERP). São abordados os sistemas Lyapunov-Metzler-ERP (LMERP), que permitem o desenvolvimento de um método de projeto de estabilização para sistemas que apresentam comutação e incertezas no modelo, usando para isto a realimentação do vetor de estado. A análise de estabilidade é descrita por meio de Desigualdades Matriciais Lineares (em inglês: Linear Matrix Inequalities), LMIs, que, quando factíveis, são facilmente resolvidas por meio de ferramentas disponíveis de programação convexa. Neste trabalho trata-se também da síntese via realimentação de estado com chaveamento no ganho que assegura o critério de desempenho Hoo. Para a validação das estratégias de controle mencionadas foram realizadas simulações e experimentos práticos em um sistema de suspensão ativa de bancada e em um sistema ball balancer, equipamentos fabricados pela Quanser. Os resultados comprovam a eficácia dos método propostos tanto nas simulações quanto nos testes realizados em bancada.
Mestre

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Massahi, Aidin. « Multi-resolution Modeling of Dynamic Signal Control on Urban Streets ». FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3349.

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Dynamic signal control provides significant benefits in terms of travel time, travel time reliability, and other performance measures of transportation systems. The goal of this research is to develop and evaluate a methodology to support the planning for operations of dynamic signal control utilizing a multi-resolution analysis approach. The multi-resolution analysis modeling combines analysis, modeling, and simulation (AMS) tools to support the assessment of the impacts of dynamic traffic signal control. Dynamic signal control strategies are effective in relieving congestions during non-typical days, such as those with high demands, incidents with different attributes, and adverse weather conditions. This research recognizes the need to model the impacts of dynamic signal controls for different days representing, different demand and incident levels. Methods are identified to calibrate the utilized tools for the patterns during different days based on demands and incident conditions utilizing combinations of real-world data with different levels of details. A significant challenge addressed in this study is to ensure that the mesoscopic simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) models produces turning movement volumes at signalized intersections with sufficient accuracy for the purpose of the analysis. Although, an important aspect when modeling incident responsive signal control is to determine the capacity impacts of incidents considering the interaction between the drop in capacity below demands at the midblock urban street segment location and the upstream and downstream signalized intersection operations. A new model is developed to estimate the drop in capacity at the incident location by considering the downstream signal control queue spillback effects. A second model is developed to estimate the reduction in the upstream intersection capacity due to the drop in capacity at the midblock incident location as estimated by the first model. These developed models are used as part of a mesoscopic simulation-based DTA modeling to set the capacity during incident conditions, when such modeling is used to estimate the diversion during incidents. To supplement the DTA-based analysis, regression models are developed to estimate the diversion rate due to urban street incidents based on real-world data. These regression models are combined with the DTA model to estimate the volume at the incident location and alternative routes. The volumes with different demands and incident levels, resulting from DTA modeling are imported to a microscopic simulation model for more detailed analysis of dynamic signal control. The microscopic model shows that the implementation of special signal plans during incidents and different demand levels can improve mobility measures.

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Khemuka, Atul Ravi. « Workflow Modeling Using Finite Automata ». [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000172.

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Brooks, David J. « Public street surveillance : A psychometric study on the perceived social risk ». Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/114.

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Public street surveillance, a domain of Closed Circuit Television (CCTV), has grown enormously and is becoming common place with increasing utilization in society as an all-purpose security tool. Previous authors (Ditton, 1999; Davies, 1998; Horne, 1998; Tomkins, 1998) have raised concern over social, civil and privacy issues, but there has been limited research to quantify these concerns. There are a number of core aspects that could relocate the risk perception and therefore, social support of public street surveillance. This study utilized the psychometric paradigm to quantitatively measure the social risk perception of public street surveillance. The psychometric paradigm is a method that presents risk perception in a two factor representation, being dread risk and familiarity to risk. Four additional control activities and technologies were tested, being radioactive waste, drinking water chlorination, coal mining disease and home swimming pools. Analysis included spatial representation, and multidimensional scaling (MDS) Euclidean and INDSCAL methods. The study utilized a seven point Likert scale, pre and post methodology, and had a target population of N=2106, with a sample of N=135 (alpha=0.7).

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Monteiro, Hugo Leonardo Salomão. « Análise de desempenho de diferentes leis de controle de vibrações torcionais em colunas de perfuração de poços de petróleo ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18149/tde-26112012-084201/.

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O fenômeno de stick-slip, no processo de perfuração de poços de petróleo, é propiciado pela interação entre broca e formação rochosa e pode dar origem a grandes oscilações na velocidade angular podendo provocar danos irreparáveis ao processo. Neste trabalho, analisa-se o desempenho de leis de controle aplicadas à mesa rotativa (responsável por movimentar a coluna de perfuração), visando à redução de stick-slip e de oscilações da velocidade angular da broca. As leis de controle implementadas são do tipo PI (Proporcional-Integral), com parcelas de torque aplicado à mesa rotativa, proporcional e integral à velocidade da mesa, podendo ser com peso na broca constante ou variável. Para a coluna de perfuração, foi proposto um modelo em elementos finitos com função de forma linear. O torque na broca foi modelado segundo atrito de Coulomb pela forma não regularizada, curva esta ajustada pelos dados empíricos conforme propostas da literatura. Diversos critérios de desempenho foram analisados e foi observado que a minimização do desvio médio da velocidade angular em relação à referência propicia melhores condições de operação. Análises paramétricas dos ganhos de controle proporcional e integral foram realizadas, dando origem a curvas de nível para o desvio médio de velocidade angular na broca. A partir destas curvas, foram definidas regiões de estabilidade nas quais o desvio é aceitável. Estas regiões foram observadas serem maiores para menores pesos na broca e maiores velocidades angulares de referência e vice-versa. A adição do controle do peso na broca permitiu uma redução global dos níveis de desvio médio de velocidade angular, dando origem a um aumento das regiões de estabilidade do processo de perfuração.
The stick-slip phenomenon, in the process of drilling oil wells, due to the interaction between drill and rock formation can lead to large fluctuations in drill-bit angular velocity and, thus, cause irreparable damage to the process. In this work, the performance of control laws applied to the rotary table (responsible for moving the drill string) is analyzed, in order to reduce stick-slip and drill-bit angular velocity oscillations. The control laws implemented are based on a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller, for which the torque applied to the rotating table has components proportional and integral to table angular velocity with constant or variable WOB (Weight On Bit). For the drillstring, a finite element model with a linear interpolation was proposed. The torque on the drill-bit was modeled by a non-regularized Coulomb friction model, with parameters that were adjusted using empirical data proposed in literature. Several performance criteria were analyzed and it was observed that the minimization of the mean deviation of the drill-bit angular velocity relative to the target one would provide the best operating condition. Parametric analyses of proportional and integral control gains were performed, yielding level curves for the mean deviation of drill-bit angular velocity. From these curves, stability regions were defined in which the deviation is acceptable. These regions were observed to be wider for smaller values of WOB and higher values of target angular velocity and vice-versa. The inclusion of a controlled dynamic WOB reduced the levels of mean deviation of angular velocity, leading to improved stability regions for the drilling process.

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Mullen, Jeffrey D. « A Bio-Economic Model of Long-Run Striga Control with an Application to Subsistence Farming in Mali ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11250.

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The parasitic weeds belonging to the genus Striga are among the world's most tenacious, prolific and destructive agricultural pests. Crop loss estimates due to Striga infestations can reach 100 percent. Furthermore, the weeds' affinity for low-fertility soils and low rainfall means that those farming the most marginal lands are most severely affected. Nonetheless, subsistence farmer have yet to adopt seemingly beneficial control practices to any appreciable degree. This paper develops a bio-economic model capable of identifying: (1) affordable, effective Striga control practices consistent with the resource constraints of subsistence farmers; and (2) barriers to the adoption of those practices. The model is comprised of two components: a biological component modeling Striga population dynamics, and an economic component representing the production opportunity set, resource constraints, and price parameters farmers face. The model is applied to two zones in Northwestern Mali, Sirakorola and Mourdiah, and solved using non-linear, dynamic programming. Data collected by the USAID IPM-CRSP/Mali project are used to specify the economic parameters of the model. A new technique for estimating the lower bound of a farmer's production planning horizon is also developed and employed in the application of the model to Sirakorola and Mourdiah. The results of several model scenarios indicate that the availability of information regarding the efficacy of Striga control practices is a primary barrier to their adoption by subsistence farmers. The movement of Striga seed between fields, however, is of limited importance. The "optimal control practices" identified by the model depend on the size and demographic composition of the production unit (UP), the zone in which the UP is located, and the cash budget available to the UP. At low budget levels, the model suggests planting millet without fertilizer at a high density in Sirakorola and a low density in Mourdiah. At high budget levels, the model suggests planting millet at a high density in both zones while applying urea. The benefits of adopting the optimal set of practices are presented in both nutritional and financial terms, and can reach as much as a ten-fold increase in the nutritional content of and financial returns to a harvest.
Ph. D.

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Bordois, Lucie. « Modélisation numérique de la marée interne : contrôles hydrauliques et topographiques ». Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30294/document.

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La marée interne générée sur une topographie est un élément clé des transferts énergétiques des échelles de forçage de l'océan vers les échelles de mélange turbulent. Elle contribuerait à près de la moitié du mélange turbulent nécessaire au maintien de la stratification océanique. Une compréhension plus approfondie des processus mis en jeu est nécessaire pour décrire plus précisément son rôle dans le maintien de la circulation océanique. Cette thèse s'inscrit dans la continuité des travaux d'Y. Dossmann (2012) portant sur les ondes internes solitaires générées au dessus d'une dorsale océanique. Ces travaux reposent sur une utilisation complémentaire d'expériences physiques menées dans le grand canal du CNRM-GAME et d'expériences numériques à l'échelle du laboratoire effectuées avec le modèle d'océanographie côtière SNH. L'utilisation simultanée de ces deux outils a notamment permis d'évaluer la validité des hypothèses sous-jacentes de ce modèle et le développement de nouveaux schémas numériques. Dans cette thèse, des simulations numériques utilisant la version non-hydrostatique et non-Boussinesq du modèle SNH sont utilisées pour décrire les différents régimes d'ondes internes dans des régions " supercritiques ". Le terme supercritique désigne à la fois des courants de marée intenses dont la vitesse U est supérieure à la vitesse de propagation des ondes internes cn, et des topographies très abruptes dont l'angle de la pente est supérieur à l'angle du rayon d'onde interne dans la pycnocline . De telles conditions environnementales correspondent à des régions de mélange intense, jusqu'à 10 000 fois supérieur au mélange turbulent observé dans l'océan ouvert. Les processus physiques ayant lieu dans ces régions restent encore mal compris et mal représentés par les paramétrisations d'ondes internes existantes. De plus, ces régions sont également des zones propices à la génération d'ondes internes non-linéaires pouvant se propager pendant plusieurs jours et entraînant ainsi des transferts d'énergie significatifs loin de leur zone de génération. La description des processus turbulents en jeu dans ces régions " extrêmes " constitue le cœur de ma thèse. Dans une première partie, des configurations académiques à l'échelle du laboratoire sont mises en place pour étudier les processus en jeu dans différents régimes " supercritiques " de génération d'onde internes. Des simulations numériques directes sont réalisées et permettent d'identifier un nombre limité de paramètres physiques adimensionnés contrôlant la dynamique des ondes internes dans ces régions. Une attention particulière est portée sur le rôle joué par la topographie sur la génération des modes verticaux d'ondes internes et sur la formation de modes " hauts " d'ondes internes solitaires. Le second objectif de cette thèse est de faire le lien entre les précédentes études académiques à l'échelle du laboratoire et l'échelle océanique. Pour cela, un principe de similitude permettant de conserver la dynamique des ondes internes tout en modifiant l'échelle de l'écoulement est mise en place. Par le biais de ce principe de similitude, nous partons de cas idéalisés à l'échelle du laboratoire, que nous transposons à l'échelle océanique, pour nous rapprocher de cas océaniques plus réalistes et de plus en plus complexes. Puis notre étude de régime est étendue à deux régions océaniques " supercritiques " bien connues : le détroit de Gibraltar et le plateau situé à l'entrée du golfe du Maine (nommé " Georges Bank " en anglais). L'applicabilité de nos paramètres clés est étudiée dans le cas de ces deux environnements complexes par le biais de simulations haute résolution de grande échelle (LES)
Internal tides are involved in the Meridional Overturning Circulation energy balance. The issue about the relative importance of the mechanical and thermodynamical energy sources induces a need for a quantitative evaluation of the energy transfers and for a clear understanding of the physical processes involved in these energy transfers. In supercritical regions such as the strait of Gibraltar or the Hawaiian Ridge, large topography variations and strong currents lead to more complex generation mechanisms of internal waves and environmental interactions. They can be subject locally to spectacular breaking, with turbulent structures observed hundreds of meters above the seafloor, and driving turbulence orders of magnitude higher than open-ocean levels. These regions are also effective at generating nonlinear internal waves (ISWs) which persist for days after their generation and are suspected to be responsible for important remote energy transfers. In these "extreme" regions, ISWs dynamics is also more difficult to model. These situations are highly non-hydrostatic and non-linear with strong instabilities, strong velocity and density gradients and steep slopes. Moreover, in these regions, actual internal wave's parameterizations are often inadequate. So there is a real need to understand and represent better the ISWs dynamic in these areas. This thesis follows the line of research of Dossmann (2012), on topographically induced internal solitary waves which used a complementary approach relying on numerical and experimental configurations at laboratory scale. In this context, we continue to explore internal tide regimes but in "supercritical" regions: internal tide generation area with supercritical topography and hydraulic control. Simulations are performed using the nonhydrostatic and non-Boussinesq version of the regional oceanic circulation model SNH. In a first part, taking an idealized modeling approach at laboratory scale, we examined a range of different internal waves regimes in "supercritical" regions. Relying on quasi-direct numerical simulations (quasi-DNS), a regime analysis has been proposed using and identifying key non-dimensional parameters for ISWs dynamics. This analysis has permitted to recover a topographic control on vertical mode generation characterized by the ratio of vertical mode wavelength to topography width, even above supercritical topography. The topographic selection criterion has proven to be a useful indicator of high mode solitary wave formation in non-linear regime. The purpose of the second part is to extend the previous studies at laboratory scales towards more realistic oceanic conditions. In this regard, the regime analysis is applied to a idealized large scale oceanic strait through a similitude principle. The idealized strait configuration succeeds in representing laboratory scale strait regime at largest and realistic scales. Then our analysis is applied to two well-known realistic cases: the Strait of Gibraltar and Georges Bank through large eddy simulations. These two oceanographic "supercritical" regions are particularly interesting for their specific topography and stratification conditions

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Gettman, Douglas Mark 1971. « A multi-objective integrated large-scale optimized ramp metering control system for freeway/surface-street traffic management ». Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282797.

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This research, denoted MILOS (Multi-objective Integrated Large-scale Optimized ramp metering System) is a hierarchical structure for solution of the large-scale freeway management problem to address the key features of this problem (dynamic state changes, stochasticity, multi-dimensionality, unpredictability, partial-observability, and existence of multiple objectives). MILOS decomposes the freeway control problem into subproblems along temporal/spatial boundaries and is composed of three primary components: SPC-based anomaly detection and optimization scheduling, area-wide coordination layer, and predictive-cooperative real-time (PC-RT) optimization layer. The area-wide coordination component of the hierarchical control system considers the impact of queue growth on the adjacent interchanges in a quadratic programming optimization model with a multi-criterion objective function. The formulation of the area-wide optimization problem is augmented with overflow variables to guarantee a feasible solution. The nominal solution of the areawide coordination problem is then modified in real-time by the locally traffic-reactive, PC-RT algorithm based on a linear-program using a linearized dynamic difference equation implementation of the macroscopic FREFLO model. The PC-RT formulation pro-actively plans to utilize opportunities to disperse queues or hold back additional vehicles when freeway and ramp demand conditions are appropriate. The cost coefficients of this optimization problem is linked to the solution of the area-wide coordination problem by using information on the dual of the solution to the area-wide coordination problem. The optimization runs of the area-wide coordination problem and the PC-RT optimization problems at each ramp are scheduled by a demand/flow monitoring system based on statistical process control. A simulation experiment is executed to evaluate the MILOS hierarchical system against "no control", ADOT's current ramp metering policy, and an area-wide LP optimization problem resolved in 5-minute intervals on a small freeway network in the metropolitan Phoenix, AZ area. Three test cases are presented for a short "burst" of heavy-volume flows to all ramps, a 3-hour commuting peak, and a 3-hour commuting peak with a 30-minute incident occurring in the middle of the network. The performance results indicate that MILOS is able to reduce freeway travel time, increase freeway average speed, and improve recovery performance of the system when flow conditions become congested.

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Filho, Joao Diogo Urias dos Santos. « Direito à ocupação e continuação de empresas via gestão operária : soluções jurídicas a partir de casos brasileiros ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2138/tde-13022015-134054/.

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Há uma história paralela que acompanhou a vida do sistema social capitalista: a história da ocupação e recuperação de fábricas por trabalhadores. E esse fenômeno se coloca, cada vez mais, com o potencial de abrir novos caminhos para a classe trabalhadora. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de contribuir na prática para o desenvolvimento desse movimento por meio da construção de análises jurídicas passíveis de auxiliar coletivos operários que tenham ocupado ou que se proponham a ocupar empresas em crise. Apesar de termos ciência de que a atuação das instituições jurídicas não é neutra, e têm um caráter contraditório e classista, ainda assim é necessário que os embates jurídicos sejam travados, e, para isso, a classe trabalhadora necessita de formulações jurídicas progressistas. São quatro as problemáticas jurídicas centrais enfrentadas pelas ERTs: a) a licitude da greve de ocupação; b) a necessidade de reconhecimento da gestão operária no procedimento de falência e recuperação empresarial; c) a necessidade, em médio e longo prazo, de estabilização jurídica do ente coletivo, por meio da constituição de uma forma jurídica adequada e d) a carência, em geral, de outras políticas públicas específicas, especialmente as que possibilitem o acesso a crédito. Considerando esse quadro, este trabalho tem dois focos específicos: em primeiro lugar, desenvolver um estudo acerca das bases constitucionais que podem ser utilizadas para o enfrentamento de todas as questões jurídicas. E, em segundo, propor solução a uma das questões mais espinhosas: a da licitude da greve ativa aquela que se dá com ocupação para produzir. Na primeira parte, concluímos que os três princípios constitucionais que têm relação fundamental com as questões jurídicas que emergem nesses processos o princípio da função social da propriedade, o princípio do valor social do trabalho e da livre iniciativa e o princípio do direito ao trabalho têm o efeito de proferir mandamentos para os agentes jurídicos no sentido de criar leis, desenvolver políticas públicas, proibir a realização de atos contrários e interpretar o sistema normativo de modo a favorecer o desenvolvimento das recuperações. Depois, concluímos que a greve de ocupação passiva ou ativa será lícita se deflagrada no interior de determinados contextos e respeitando certas condições. A greve ativa, em especial (aquela que se dá com a intenção de produzir), será lícita, a partir de um confronto com os princípios da Constituição à luz da Teoria dos Direitos Fundamentais, se for deflagrada como resposta a uma crise aguda na empresa, gerada por má gestão ou acompanhada de atos de má-fé empresarial, que são atos que implicam numa violação grave das responsabilidades sociais estabelecidas pela ordem jurídica para o controlador de bens de produção.
There is a parallel story that accompanied the capitalist social system: the story of the occupation and recovery of factories by workers. And this phenomenon arises, increasingly, with the potential to open new ways for the working class . This paper aims to contribute in practice to the development of this movement through the elaboration of legal analyzes wich can aid workers who have occupied or intend to occupy companies in crisis . Although we are aware that the role of legal institutions is not neutral and have a contradictory and classist character, it is still necessary that the legal struggles are fought , and, therefore , the working class needs progressive legal formulations. There are four central legal issues faced by CRW\'s: a) the legality of the strike occupancy; b) the need for recognition of workers\'management in the insolvency and corporate recovery procedure; c ) the need , in the medium and long-term, of legal stabilization of the collective being, through the establishment of an appropriate legal form and d) the need, in general, of other specific public policies, especially those that provide access to credit. Considering this context, this paper has two specific focuses: first, develop a study on the constitutional bases that can be used to cope with all legal matters . And, second, to propose solutions to one of the thorniest issues: the legality of the active strike - one that occurs with occupancy to produce. In the first part, we conclude that the three constitutional principles that are fundamental to the legal issues that arise in these cases - the principle of the social function of property, the principle of the social value of work and free enterprise and the principle of right to work - have the purpose of uttering commands for legal agents to create laws, develop public policy, prohibit the performance of contrary acts and interpret the legal system to promote the development of recoveries. Then, we conclude that the sit-in strike - passive or active - will be legal if triggered within certain contexts and subject to certain conditions. The active strike, in particular (the one that has the intention of producing), will be lawful, from a confrontation with the principles of the Constitution to the Theory of Fundamental Rights, if triggered in response to an acute crisis in the company generated by mismanagement or accompanied by acts of corporate malfeasance, wich are acts that imply a serious breach of social responsibilities established by law for the controller of production assets.

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Brettas, Luís Eduardo Surian. « Modelo de automação para a gestão e o controle georreferenciado de cidades : equipamentos urbanos, mobiliários urbanos, mobilidade e projetos urbanos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-18032015-120534/.

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Cidades como São Paulo, há muitos anos se utilizam de recursos georreferenciados para ajudar na sua gestão sem contudo utilizar os dados coletados de maneira integrada e contributiva para a tomada de decisão. Este trabalho apresenta uma solução de mobilidade, integrada com o mapa digital da cidade para a interação com todos os responsáveis por ações em campo, permitindo a recepção, coleta e transmissão de dados posicionados geograficamente, em tempo real com um sistema gerencial na retaguarda. São apresentados alguns casos de aplicação da solução onde o levantamento e a coleta de dados, bem como o envio de ordens de serviço a equipes de campo são realizados de maneira remota e em tempo real. A deficiência na capacidade de gestão de equipamentos e mobiliários urbanos em uma cidade como São Paulo, com seus 1.523 km2 de área, foi o estopim para a decisão de estudar e apresentar alternativas para o problema. Há muito tempo a cidade carece de ferramentas de gestão e controle em todas as áreas que dependem da interação física com o território. As questões de mobilidade urbana também foram analisadas como foco para aplicação da solução de mobilidade aqui apresentada. Com o crescimento da população urbana mundial projetado pela ONU Organização das Nações Unidas a saltar de 51% em 2010 para 70% em 2050 e com o fortalecimento das economias mundiais, a questão da mobilidade (ou imobilidade) urbana e a sustentabilidade da operação e das ações necessárias passa a ser um assunto inadiável para gestores, empresários e pesquisadores. Sendo um tema com muitas variáveis e inúmeras classificações, os estudos, simulações e verificações de campo carecem de análise e publicidade. Apresentamos o problema através de estudos, relatórios analíticos, e verificação de alguns softwares de gestão e simulação para verificar a usabilidade da ferramenta móvel para a coleta e tomada de decisão em campo. Utilizamos comparativamente estudos de caso para apresentar vantagens e desvantagens de algumas ferramentas buscando boas práticas. Com a apresentação do problema e uma proposta de solução, suas dificuldades de implantação e seus benefícios, espera-se que o trabalho sirva de estímulo ao início de novos estudos e pesquisas sobre o tema.
Cities such as São Paulo, during many years use georeferenced resources to assist in their management but without using data collected in an integrated way and contribution to decision making. This paper presents a mobility solution, integrated with digital city map for interaction with those responsible for actions in the field, allowing the reception, collection and transmission of data positioned geographically in real time with a management system in the office. Here are presented some cases with the applications of solution where the survey and data collection, as well as sending work orders to field teams, performed remotely and in real time. The deficiency in the ability to manage equipment and street furniture in a city like São Paulo, with its 1,523 km2, was the trigger for the decision to study and present alternatives to the problem. The long time the city lacks control and management tools in all areas that depend on the physical interaction with the territory. The issues of urban mobility were also analyzed as a focus for implementing our mobility solution presented here. With the growth of world urban population projected by the UN United Nations, to jump from 51% in 2010 to 70% in 2050 and to the strengthening of world economies, the issue of mobility (or immobility) and the urban sustainability of the operation and necessary actions becomes a pressing for managers, entrepreneurs and researchers subject. Being a topic with many variables and number of classifications, studies, simulations and field checks require discussion and publicity. Here the problem through studies, analytical reports, and verification of some management software and simulation to verify the usability of mobile tool for collecting and decision making in the field. We use case studies compared to present advantages and disadvantages of some tools seeking good practice. With the presentation of the problem and a proposed solution, their difficulties in deployment and its benefits, it is expected that the work will stimulate the initiation of new studies and research on the topic.

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FALLA, O. C. A. M. VARGAS. « Outside the Law : An Ethnographic Study of Street Vendors in Bogotá ». Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/384577.

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Millions of people worldwide work outside the law as street vendors in order to earn a living. However, they often work in fear of police evictions and confiscations since their work is in many places considered illegal. In this context, formalization (steps towards legalization) is often portrayed as a model for empowerment that allows poor street vendors to improve their well-being. Formalization, as a model to manage street vending, is widely promoted by various international development organizations. While important, studies of formalization show that street vendors often resist state control, and the majority continues to work outside the law. The main research question guiding this study is: how does formalization of street vendors in Bogotá enable and/or hinder their well-being? To examine this question, this study uses an ethnographic approach and the concept of social control within the tradition of sociology of law. The data for this study was collected through ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2012 and 2014 in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Three groups were studied: vendors within the transitional zones (a formalization program), two rickshaw driver associations, and itinerant ice cream vendors. The main findings illustrate that although street vendors work outside the law, they do not operate in a state of chaos or anarchy. Quite the opposite, law and other forms of social control are present in their work. These practices of control often affect their well-being. Despite harsh working conditions, well-being according to them means more than economic survival, and often, street vendors strive to improve their lives and gain independence in their work. Another finding is that formalization is often directed toward the more established vendors and does not account for the fact that new individuals arrive on the streets every day trying to make a living. Often, the most vulnerable groups (immigrants, women, the newly unemployed) lack the time and knowledge to formalize or simply are not targeted in formalization programs. Without a deep understanding of how social control already operates, the state runs the risk of developing formalization initiatives that undermine the well-being of the most vulnerable groups. Thus, this study of everyday forms of social control provides empirically based insights into the ways law influences the lives of those working outside the law.
Un gran número de personas en el mundo trabajan en actividades no reguladas en la ley, tal es el caso de los vendedores ambulantes, los cuales se dedican al comercio informal con el fin de ganarse la vida. Las personas dedicadas a este tipo de actividades viven frecuentemente en condiciones de incertidumbre y de miedo, pues carecen de una licencia para operar; esto conlleva a constantes desalojos e incluso la confiscación de su mercancía por parte de la policía. La formalización de los vendedores ambulantes se ha vislumbrado como un modelo que permite mejorar su bienestar y ha sido ampliamente promovido por varias organizaciones internacionales de desarrollo, tales como el Banco Mundial, las Naciones Unidas y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Sin embargo estudios sobre formalización evidencian la resistencia por parte de los vendedores ambulantes a un control formal y en la mayoría de casos continúan desarrollando sus actividades sin regulación legal alguna. El presente estudio se plantea la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿cómo la formalización (pasos para la legalización) de los vendedores ambulantes en Bogotá posibilita y/o impide su bienestar? Para responder esta pregunta se utiliza un enfoque etnográfico y el concepto de control social basado en la tradición de la sociología del derecho. Los datos utilizados en el presente estudio fueron recogidos a través de trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2012 y 2014 en Bogotá, Colombia. Tres grupos fueron estudiados: los vendedores dentro de las zonas de transición (un programa de formalización), dos asociaciones de bicitaxistas, y los vendedores ambulantes dedicados al comercio de helados. Los resultados de esta investigación muestran que, a pesar de la informalidad en la que trabajan los vendedores ambulantes, estos no operan en un estado de caos o anarquía, por el contrario, la ley y otras formas de control social están presentes en su trabajo, aunque muchas veces estas mismas sean la causa la incertidumbre y de miedo en su quehacer diario. A pesar de estas condiciones, los trabajadores informales se esfuerzan por mejorar su calidad de vida y lograr mayor independencia, incentivados por su idea de bienestar, la cual va mucho mas allá de la simple supervivencia económica. Otro hallazgo es en relación con la formalización, la cual se dirige hacia los proveedores más establecidos y no tiene en cuenta el hecho de que nuevos individuos llegan a las calles todos los días buscando nuevas opciones para ganarse la vida. Tal es el caso de los inmigrantes, las mujeres, los nuevos desempleados, y en general los grupos más vulnerables, los cuales carecen de tiempo y conocimiento para formalizar su actividad o simplemente los programas de formalización no están en la práctica dirigidos hacia estos grupos. Sin una profunda comprensión de como opera el control social en la vida cotidiana de los vendedores ambulantes, las reformas legales corren el riesgo de implementar iniciativas de formalización que atentan contra el bienestar de los grupos más vulnerables de la sociedad. Por lo tanto, este studio, de las formas cotidianas de control social, proporciona una visión que está basada en la investigación empírica sobre las formas en las que el derecho influye en la vida de las personas que trabajan por fuera del marco legal.

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Strack, Gamze [Verfasser], Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Stürmer, Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer et Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Ullsperger. « Braced for action control : behavioral, EEG, and fMRI evidence / Gamze Strack. Gutachter : Birgit Stürmer ; Werner Sommer ; Markus Ullsperger ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035234815/34.

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Strack, Gamze [Verfasser], Birgit Akademischer Betreuer] Stürmer, Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Sommer et Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Ullsperger. « Braced for action control : behavioral, EEG, and fMRI evidence / Gamze Strack. Gutachter : Birgit Stürmer ; Werner Sommer ; Markus Ullsperger ». Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100209596.

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Lidsten, Christopher. « Utbildningssystemets dilemma : Balansen mellan politisk kontroll och professionell autonomi ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-148737.

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The purpose of this thesis was to get a deeper comprehension of how Swedish schools are affected by institutional change, what influence eventual governmental intervention has on the professional autonomy of street-level bureaucrats and towards which direction the educational system is heading. As a theoretical frame of reference, the study used two primary theories. The first theory consists of a classical work in political science – the theory of street-level bureaucracies by Michael Lipsky. Its insightful pondering on public service workers as policy decisionmakers served as a tool to better understand the crucial part that street-level bureaucrats play in the political game. The second theory is the principal-agent theorem. With its assumtions grounded in rational choice, it aims to explain the agency problem, which occurs when the agent is acting in his own best interest. The principal-agent theory was used in order to explain why the government could have an increased need for control and surveillance. Through empirical evidence, the study found that decentralization leads to an increased governmental need for control and surveillance over Swedish schools. Furthermore, the study found that governmental intervention has a negative impact on the professional autonomy of street-level bureaucrats. The actions taken by the government is indicative of an attempt to strengthen the control of goal fulfillment. Thus, the study concludes that the educational system is heading towards a situation with more political control and less professional autonomy.

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Barriquello, Carlos Henrique. « Concepção de um nó sensor/atuador sem-fio para uma rede de gerenciamento de iluminação pública ». Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8469.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this thesis, changes to be done into the photoelectric relays used on street lighting systems are proposed. It is intended to improve those systems, bringing social and economical benefits. Most of street lighting systems is comprised by high pressure sodium lamps, electromagnetic ballasts and photoelectric relays, which must turn on/off lamps on due time. Although simple, such a method has many drawbacks, as lack of fault diagnosis, energy measurement, time monitoring and remote control. By employing wireless communication and embedded computing, an innovative solution is presented. When such changes are applied into the photoelectric relay, a new device comes out - a wireless sensor/actuador node for street lighting management. Development steps of the device are reported. Testing procedures are undertaken to validate it and justify its use on the street lighting systems.
Neste trabalho, propõem-se modificações nos relés fotoelétricos utilizados nos sistemas de iluminação pública presentes nos municípios brasileiros. Pretende-se, assim, melhorar tais sistemas, de forma a trazer benefícios sociais e econômicos. Em sua maioria, os sistemas de iluminação pública são compostos por lâmpadas de vapor de sódio de alta pressão empregadas em conjunto com reatores eletromagnéticos e relés fotoelétricos que controlam o acionamento destas lâmpadas nos horários devidos. Apesar de simples e eficaz, este método de acionamento possui muitas limitações, como a falta de diagnóstico de falhas dos elementos do sistema, a falta de métodos de medição de consumo de energia elétrica, a falta de monitoramento de tempos de funcionamento e a impossibilidade de acionamento à distância. Através do emprego de tecnologias de comunicação sem-fio e computação embarcada se apresenta uma alternativa de solução para os problemas citados. As modificações aplicadas ao relés fotoelétrico dão origem a um novo dispositivo - o nó sensor/atuador sem-fio para gerenciamento de iluminação pública. Relatam-se as etapas de desenvolvimento deste novo dispositivo e os testes realizados como forma de validar e justificar seu emprego nos sistemas atuais de iluminação pública.

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Arcieri, Michael Angel Santos. « Controle de vibrações mecânicas tipo "stick slip" em colunas de perfuração ». Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5011.

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Mechanical vibrations are inevitable in drilling operations. Torsional stick-slip vibrations are vibrations that occur in drilling columns, which are produced by periodic variations of torque and characterized by large fluctuations in the speed of the drill bit. These vibrations are dangerous, primarily by the cyclical characteristic of the phenomenon that by the amplitude of the same, which can cause fatigue of the pipe, failures in the components of the drill string, deformations in the walls of the well, excessive wear of the drill, low rate of penetration, and collapse of the drilling process. The frequency of these unwanted oscillations can be reduced by the application of automatic control techniques. The objective of this study is to evaluate through numerical simulations, the application of conventional control techniques, such as proportional-integral control (PI), and nonlinear, as the sliding mode control (SMC) and the input-output linearization control (IOLC), to eliminate the presence of stick-slip oscillation in drilling columns. The controllers are designed primarily to maintain a constant speed of rotation system, by manipulating engine torque, thereby inferentially control the speed of the drill, thus providing optimum operation conditions, beyond preserving system stability. Results of simulations using drill string torsional models of two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) and four degrees of freedom (4-DOF) show the performance of the proposed control systems, which are analyzed and qualitatively compared.
Vibrações mecânicas são inevitáveis nas operações de perfuração. Vibrações torcionais stick-slip são vibrações que ocorrem em colunas de perfuração, as quais são produzidas pelas variações periódicas de torque e caracterizadas por grandes oscilações da velocidade da broca. Estas vibrações são prejudiciais, mais pela característica cíclica do fenômeno que pela amplitude da mesma, podendo originar fadiga da tubulação, falhas nos componentes da coluna de perfuração, deformações nas paredes do poço, desgaste excessivo da broca, baixa taxa de penetração e, inclusive, colapso do processo de perfuração. A frequência destas oscilações indesejadas pode ser reduzida pela aplicação de técnicas de controle automático. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar, mediante simulações numéricas, a aplicação de técnicas de controle convencional, como o controle proporcional-integral (PI), e não linear, como o controle por modos deslizantes (SMC) e o controle por linearização entrada-saída (IOLC) para eliminar a presença de oscilações stick-slip em colunas de perfuração. Os controladores são desenvolvidos principalmente para manter constante a velocidade do sistema de rotação, mediante a manipulação do torque do motor, para assim controlar inferencialmente a velocidade da broca, fornecendo desta maneira condições ótimas de operação, além de preservar a estabilidade do sistema. Resultados das simulações, usando modelos torcionais de uma coluna de perfuração de dois graus de liberdade (2-DOF) e de quatro graus de liberdade (4-DOF), mostram o desempenho dos sistemas de controle propostos, os quais são analisados e comparados qualitativamente.

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Golding, Robert Kevin. « The control of female street prostitution in an English city : a case study and evaluation of a joint agency strategy ». Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283386.

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Thompson, Tyrell D. « Evaluation of rumble strips at rural stop-controlled intersections in Texas ». Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2677.

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Major safety concerns are present at rural high speed intersections. When long uninterrupted tangents are located near rural intersections, the drivers can become inattentive to upcoming decision points. Traffic control devices could aid in mitigating these occurrences by warning drivers of upcoming decision points. One such device is transverse rumble strips, which act to provide motorists with an audible and tactile warning that their vehicle is approaching a decision point of critical importance to safety. The objective of this research was to determine if the presence of transverse rumble strips were an effective warning device for drivers approaching rural stop-controlled intersections. To evaluate the effectiveness of transverse rumble strips, vehicle speeds were measured at three locations along the approach to an intersection both before and after the installation of rumble strips. Vehicle speeds were measured at nine rural stop-controlled intersection sites in Texas. Overall, the installation of rumble strips generally produced small, but statistically significant (p ? 0.05), reductions in traffic speeds. There were some negative driver behavioral impacts (i.e., speed increases) that occurred after the installation of rumble strips. There were a few instances where speed change reductions of greater than 1 mph occurred, however, the overall trend was that speed change reductions were equal to or less than 1 mph. Although the rumble strips did not produce meaningful reductions in traffic speeds, they should still be considered based upon previous accident reductions and minimal installation costs.

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