Articles de revues : « Static groups »

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Enrietti, Nicola. « Static SKT metrics on Lie groups ». Manuscripta Mathematica 140, n^o 3-4 (16 juin 2012) : 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00229-012-0552-3.

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Sever, Ozan. « Comparison of static and dynamic core exercises’ effects on Stork balance test in soccer players Futbolcularda statik ve dinamik core egzersizlerin Stork denge testine etkisi ». Journal of Human Sciences 14, n^o 2 (17 mai 2017) : 1781. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i2.4440.

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This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on core stability tests and Stork balance performance in soccer players. A Static (n = 14, 18,21±1,81) and Dynamic (n = 13, 17,31±0,63) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for eight weeks meanwhile attended routine soccer training sessions with a control group (n = 11, 17,73±1,27). Effects of different core training regimes were compared after eight weeks with two-factor variance analysis (condition X time) for related measures. Two experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores, while control group did not change. Core stabilization tests showed that the improvements of experiment groups affected by the movement specifity and Static group increased static test scores (plank 23,8% - back isometric 28,9% - leg raise 15,6%) while Dynamic group increased mostly the dynamic test scores (sit-up 21,2%, push up 16,2%). For Stork balance, both experiment groups improved the test scores between %18 and %67. While the Static group increased the duration of Stork test on both feet more than the Dynamic group, this difference was statistically significant only for non-dominant foot in intergroup analysis. The static structure of the Stork test may explain the significant improvement in static core group. Results indicate that the positive effect of core training on core stability may improve balance and static core training may be more effective for static balance tests.Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı, 8 haftalık statik ve dinamik core egzersizlerin futbolcularda core stabilizasyon ve Stork denge performansı üzerine etkisini karşılaştırmaktır. Toplam 38 sporcu (17,75±1,36) Dinamik (n=13, 17,31±0,63), Statik (n=14, 18,21±1,81) ve Kontrol (n=11, 17,73±1,27) grupları olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Statik ve Dinamik egzersiz grupları 8 hafta, haftada 3 gün, günde yaklaşık 30 dakika statik ya da dinamik egzersizler uygularken, buna karşın kontrol grubu yalnızca futbol antrenmanları gerçekleştirdi. Verilerin analizinde ilişkili ölçümler için iki faktörlü varyans analizi kullanıldı. Tüm core stabilizasyon testlerinde deney grupları anlamlı gelişme görüldü. Kontrol grubunda değişme görülmedi. Gelişmenin hareketin spesifikliğinden etkilendiği, Statik grubun statik test skorlarını daha fazla arttırdığı (plank 23,8% - sırt izometrik 28,9%- bacak kaldırma 15,6%), Dinamik grubun ise dinamik testlerde skorları daha fazla arttırdığı (şınav 16,2% - mekik 21,2%) görüldü. Benzer şekilde, iki deney grubu Stork denge testinde her iki ayak için denge süresini % 18 ile% 67 arasında artırdı. Ama kontrol grubu değişmedi. Statik grup her iki ayak içinde dengede kalma süresini Dinamik gruba göre daha fazla arttırırken, gruplar arası analizde non-dominant ayak ölçümünde bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlılık g. Denge ölçümünün statik yapıda olması, Statik gruptaki yüksek gelişimi açıklayabilir. Sonuç olarak; dinamik ve statik core egzersizler ile artan core stabilizasyonun statik denge üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu tespit edildi. Ancak statik core çalışmalarının statik denge performansı için daha etkili olduğu söylenebilir.

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Bach Vu Hoang, Lan. « Static loading tests on small-scale pile groups ». Transport and Communications Science Journal 72, n^o 1 (25 janvier 2021) : 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47869/tcsj.72.1.10.

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36 small-scale model tests in soft clay were conducted to research the performances of pile groups under rigid caps. The parameters studied were the effect of pile length, pile spacing, and the number of piles in a group. The group piles consisted of 4, 6, and 9 circular model piles of 16mm in outer diameter (D), while four kinds of the pile spacing between pile centers 3; 4; 5; and 6 times of the diameter and three types of the embedded pile lengths: 20D; 25D; and 30D were used. For comparison, three single piles with the same diameter and length were also tested under the same condition. The experimental results were discussed based on the following 3 points of view: the pile group efficiency, the settlement ratio, load distribution per pile location in the group pile. All discussion suggested that the pile number and pile spacing in a pile group caused a remarkable interactional effect between piles, whereas the settlement ratios are significantly affected by the pile length. Besides, each pile in the group of 6D pile spacing behaved more individually.

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Sharnouby, Bahaa El, et Milos Novak. « Static and low-frequency response of pile groups ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 22, n^o 1 (1 février 1985) : 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t85-008.

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A simple, efficient method is presented for the analysis of large pile groups subjected to vertical loads, horizontal loads, and moments acting either statically or dynamically with low frequencies. The soil profile and the arrangement of the piles may be arbitrary but the solution is particularly efficient for groups with double symmetry or axisymmetry. The group is analyzed directly, avoiding the use of interaction factors, but the interaction factors are also presented. The piles can be of any type, i.e., floating, end-bearing, socketed, or with a pedestal.

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Chupov, V. S., et E. M. Machs. « Nucleotide substitutions in rDNA of evolutionarily static angiosperm groups ». Biology Bulletin Reviews 1, n^o 2 (mars 2011) : 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086411020046.

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Gonen, Fahrettin F., Hamza Hallal et Haluk Ogmen. « Facilitation by exogenous attention for static and dynamic gestalt groups ». Attention, Perception, & ; Psychophysics 76, n^o 6 (9 mai 2014) : 1709–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-014-0679-2.

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Rubini, Ercole C., Andréa C. Souza, Mônica L. Mello, Reury F. P. Bacurau, Leonardo R. Cabrai et Paulo T. V. Farinatti. « Immediate Effect of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching on Hip Adductor Flexibility in Female Ballet Dancers ». Journal of Dance Medicine & ; Science 15, n^o 4 (décembre 2011) : 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x1101500406.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the immediate effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching on the flexibility of hip adductors in female ballet dancers. Forty-five subjects (age: 28.5 ± 8.0 years; minimum two years of ballet training) were randomly assigned to three groups: PNF (contract-release technique), Static, and Control. Subjects in the PNF and Static groups performed four sets of 30 second stretching with an interval of 30 seconds between sets. The control group stayed at rest for the same time spent by the PNF and Static groups during the stretching sessions. Maximal range of motion was measured before and immediately after the experimental and control protocols in all groups. The results indicated significant differences between pre- and post-stretching flexibility in both PNF and Static groups (p < 0.0001; effect size = 0.24 and 0.39, respectively), whereas no change was identified in the Control group (p = 0.265). However, no differences in post-exercise flexibility were found between PNF and Static groups (p = 0.235). It is concluded that static and PNF stretching methods provoked similar post-exercise acute effects on the maximal range of motion of hip adductors in highly flexible female ballet dancers.

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Pastor, T., I. Zderic, K. P. van Knegsel, G. Richards, B. Gueorguiev et M. Knobe. « HELICAL PLATING VERSUS STRAIGHT PLATING AND INTRAMEDULLARY NAILING OF PROXIMAL THIRD HUMERAL SHAFT FRACTURES : A BIOMECHANICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ». Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_7 (4 avril 2023) : 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.7.037.

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Proximal humeral shaft fractures are commonly treated with long straight plates or intramedullary nails. Helical plates might overcome the downsides of these techniques as they are able to avoid the radial nerve distally. The aim of this study was to investigate in an artificial bone model: (1) the biomechanical competence of different plate designs and (2) to compare them against the alternative treatment option of intramedullary nails.Twenty-four artificial humeri were assigned in 4 groups and instrumented as follows: group1 (straight 10-hole-PHILOS), group2 (MULTILOCK-nail), group3 (45°-helical-PHILOS) and group4 (90°-helical-PHILOS). An unstable proximal humeral shaft fracture was simulated. Specimens were tested under quasi-static loading in axial compression, internal/external rotation and bending in 4 directions monitored by optical motion tracking.Axial displacement (mm) was significantly lower in group2 (0.1±0.1) compared to all other groups (1: 3.7±0.6; 3: 3.8±0.8; 4: 3.5±0.4), p<0.001. Varus stiffness in group2 (0.8±0.1) was significantly higher compared to groups1+3, p≤0.013 (1: 0.7±0.1; 3: 0.7±0.1; 4: 0.8±0.1). Varus bending (°) was significantly lower in group2 compared to all other groups (p<0.001) and group4 to group1, p=0.022. Flexion stiffness in group1 was significantly higher compared to groups2+4 (p≤0,03) and group4 to group1, p≤0,029 (1: 0.8±0.1; 2: 0.7±0.1; 3: 0.7±0.1; 4: 0.6±0.1). Flexion bending (°) in group4 was higher compared to all other groups (p≤0.024) and lower in group2 compared to groups1+4, p≤0.024. Torsional stiffness remained non significantly different, p≥0.086. Torsional deformation in group2 was significantly higher compared to all other groups, p≤0.017. Shear displacement remained non significantly different, p≥0.112.From a biomechanical perspective, helical plating with 45° and 90° may be considered as a valid alternative fixation technique to standard straight plating of proximal third humeral fractures. Intramedullary nails demonstrated higher axial and bending stiffness as well as lower fracture gap movements during axial loading compared to all plate designs. However, despite similar torsional stiffness they were associated with higher torsional movements during internal/external rotation as compared to all investigated plate designs.

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Özsoy, Gül, Hasan Sözen et A. Ruhi Soylu. « THE EFFECT OF TRUNK EXTENSORS AND ABDOMINAL MUSCLE FATIGUE ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE ». Kinesiologia Slovenica 28, n^o 3 (20 novembre 2022) : 136–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.28.3.136-153.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of static fatigue of trunk extensor and abdominal muscle groups on static and dynamic balance components. The study sample consisted of 40 healthy volunteers. Lumbar erector spinae, multifidus, and latissimus dorsi, external oblique, rectus abdominis and internal oblique muscles were measured on the dominant side. Dynamic and static balances were measured before and after the test protocol following EMG analysis. Pre-test and post-test static and dynamic balance scores showed that there was a statistically significant difference in OE (open-eyed) static balance values between the experimental and control groups (p<.01). There was a statistically significant difference in ATE (Average track error) scores between male and female participants (p<.05). There was a statistically significant difference in mean coordinated fatigue values of agonist and antagonist muscle groups in the Biering-Sørensen position between male and female participants (p<.05). Deterioration was observed in participants’ OE static balance, indicating that OE static balance deterioration occurred again in the OE position. There was a statistically significant difference in co-fatigue values of abdominal muscles between the two groups.

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O'Connell, N. E., V. E. Beattie et B. W. Moss. « Influence of Social Status on the Welfare of Sows in Static and Dynamic Groups ». Animal Welfare 12, n^o 2 (mai 2003) : 239–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600025665.

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AbstractForty-eight Large White x Landrace multiparous sows were mixed into twelve groups of four animals after their piglets were weaned. These groups were defined as static, with no animals being added to or removed from the groups after their formation. Aggressive and submissive behaviours were recorded continuously for 9 h after the sows were mixed, and the sows were assigned high or low social status on the basis of their relative aggressiveness and success in aggressive interactions. After five weeks, each static group was mixed into a dynamic group of 40 ±2 sows for an 11-week period. Three static groups (ie 12 animals) at a time were added to the dynamic group at three-week intervals; the same number of animals was removed at these time-points in order to maintain the group number at 40 ± 2. Injury levels increased significantly with the transition from static groups to the dynamic group (P < 0.001). Sows with low social status had lower bodyweights (P < 0.001) and higher injury levels one week after mixing into static and dynamic groups (P < 0.01). Social status did not significantly affect salivary Cortisol levels. Sows with low social status were positioned lower in the feed order, determined using an electronic feeder (P < 0.001), and tended to be displaced from the feeder queue more often (P < 0.1) in the dynamic group. Sows with low social status were also displaced from the drinker more often than highranking sows in the dynamic group (P < 0.01). This may have led to the greater frequency of drinking behaviour shown by low-ranking sows (P < 0.05). Sows with low social status were observed less often in the kennel areas than were the high-ranking sows in the dynamic group (P < 0.05), suggesting that they were denied access to the prime lying areas. The results suggest that the welfare of sows is negatively affected by low social status in both small static and large dynamic groups.

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A, Vinutha. « An Un-Static Approach for Resource Allocation under Assigned User Groups ». International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, n^o 6 (30 juin 2018) : 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.6216.

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Pereira, Yanne Salviano, Jéssica Mascena de Medeiros, José Ângelo Barela, Ana Maria Forti Barela, César Ferreira Amorim, Catarina de Oliveira Sousa, Palloma Rodrigues de Andrade, José Jamacy de Almeida Ferreira et Heleodório Honorato dos Santos. « Static postural balance in healthy individuals : Comparisons between three age groups ». Motriz : Revista de Educação Física 20, n^o 1 (mars 2014) : 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-65742014000100013.

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The aim of the study was to compare static postural balance of healthy individuals of three age groups in different conditions of support and vision. Seventy one individuals, divided into 3 groups, were analyzed: young group (YG: 22.2 ± 2.1 years), middle aged group (MAG: 50.7 ± 5.7 years) and older individuals group (EG: 66.8 ± 5.4 years). Their balance was tested on a force platform, under 3 support and 3 visual conditions. Measures included: total (TD), anterior-posterior (APD) and mediolateral displacement (MLD) of the center of pressure (CoP). ANOVA revealed significant differences for interactions between group X support conditions and group X visual conditions for the 3 variables (p<0.01), with greater displacements for the MAG and EG groups during single-leg stance with partial and occluded vision (p<0.05). Static postural balance decreased over time in healthy individuals, and conditions of support and visual negatively affected balance with the increment of age.

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Burnham, Bryan R., James H. Neely, Yelena Naginsky et Matthew Thomas. « Stimulus-driven attentional capture by a static discontinuity between perceptual groups. » Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance 36, n^o 2 (2010) : 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015871.

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Dowling, J., W. D. L. Finn, C. E. Ventura et M. Taiebat. « Load distribution in large pile groups under static and dynamic loading ». Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 14, n^o 6 (26 février 2016) : 1461–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9888-5.

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Lafuente, Ramiro A., Mattia Pujia et Luigi Vezzoni. « Hermitian curvature flow on unimodular Lie groups and static invariant metrics ». Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 373, n^o 6 (16 mars 2020) : 3967–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/tran/8068.

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Shinde, Shrikrishna, Ketki Jethwa et Devanshi Pawar. « Comparative Study Between Instrumental Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization and Static Stretching on Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness in Young Adult Female ». International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, n^o 6 (24 juin 2022) : 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220625.

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Aim:To compare the effect of IASTM and static stretching on delayed onset muscle soreness in young females. Objectives:To find out the effectiveness of instrumental assisted soft tissue mobilization on reducing delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). To find out the effectiveness of static stretching on reducing delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). To compare the effectiveness of instrumental assisted soft tissue mobilization and static stretching on reducing delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). Methodology:In this comparative study, 40 young adult females who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited from MVP’S college and research center.Subjects were then divided into 2 groups: GROUP A: IASTM and GROUP B: Static stretching. First of all, DOMS was induced in each subject using exercise protocol. Then the treatment was given for the next 3 days. Outcome measures of NPRS, ROM of ankle dorsiflexion and Y balance scale were evaluated before and after each treatment session. Results:ANOVA was found significant when the data was compared within the groups as well as Unpaired t test was found significant when data was compared between the groups. Conclusion:This study concluded that IASTM and static stretching both are effective for delayed onset of muscle soreness. It was found that both IASTM and static stretching decreases pain, increase range of motion and balance. Clinically and statistically IASTM was found more effective than static stretching. Key words: DOMS, IASTM, Static stretching, gastrocnemius, NPRS.

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Mostafa, Yasser E., et M. Hesham El Naggar. « Dynamic analysis of laterally loaded pile groups in sand and clay ». Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, n^o 6 (1 décembre 2002) : 1358–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-102.

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Pile foundations supporting bridge piers, offshore platforms, and marine structures are required to resist not only static loading but also lateral dynamic loading. The static py curves are widely used to relate pile deflections to nonlinear soil reactions. The p-multiplier concept is used to account for the group effect by relating the load transfer curves of a pile in a group to the load transfer curves of a single pile. Some studies have examined the validity of the p-multiplier concept for the static and cyclic loading cases. However, the concept of the p-multiplier has not yet been considered for the dynamic loading case, and hence it is undertaken in the current study. An analysis of the dynamic lateral response of pile groups is described. The proposed analysis incorporates the static py curve approach and the plane strain assumptions to represent the soil reactions within the framework of a Winkler model. The model accounts for the nonlinear behaviour of the soil, the energy dissipation through the soil, and the pile group effect. The model was validated by analyzing the response of pile groups subjected to lateral Statnamic loading and comparing the results with field measured values. An intensive parametric study was performed employing the proposed analysis, and the results were used to establish dynamic soil reactions for single piles and pile groups for different types of sand and clay under harmonic loading with varying frequencies applied at the pile head. "Dynamic" p-multipliers were established to relate the dynamic load transfer curves of a pile in a group to the dynamic load transfer curves for a single pile. The dynamic p-multipliers were found to vary with the spacing between piles, soil type, peak amplitude of loading, and the angle between the line connecting any two piles and the direction of loading. The study indicated the effect of pile material and geometry, pile installation method, and pile head conditions on the p-multipliers. The calculated p-multipliers compared well with p-multipliers back-calculated from full scale field tests.Key words: lateral, transient loading, nonlinear, pilesoilpile interaction, py curves, Statnamic.

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Misner, James E., Benjamin H. Massey, Scott B. Going, Michael G. Bemben et Thomas E. Ball. « Sex Differences in Static Strength and Fatigability in Three Different Muscle Groups ». Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 61, n^o 3 (septembre 1990) : 238–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1990.10608685.

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Sadeghi, F., A. R. Bahrami et A. Joneidi Jafari. « Comparison of Static Anthropometric Characteristics among Workers of Three Iranian Ethnic Groups ». Anthropologist 18, n^o 2 (septembre 2014) : 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2014.11891578.

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Glasgow, Celeste, et Emma Ballard. « A prospective randomised comparative study of dynamic, static progressive and serial static proximal interphalangeal joint extension orthoses ». Hand Therapy 27, n^o 1 (18 janvier 2022) : 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17589983211070658.

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Introduction Many different types of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint extension orthoses exist, yet evidence guiding orthosis choice is largely theoretical. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of three different PIP joint extension orthoses, over 4 weeks of treatment. Secondly, we aimed to explore the relationship between an abbreviated version of the Weeks test (WT) assessment of joint stiffness, and treatment outcome. Lastly, we wished to better understand participants’ satisfaction with orthotic treatment. Methods Using a randomised comparative study design, 61 participants were allocated to a serial static, dynamic or static progressive orthosis, 50 had follow-up data. Blinded assessment of function was completed before and after 4 weeks of orthotic intervention and a standardised therapy program. Participants were blinded to alternative groups. Results Baseline active PIP extension ranged from 14° to 65°. The average improvement in active PIP extension was −9.1° (95% CI −11.0°, −7.1°). There were no statistically significant differences in outcome between the three orthoses groups. However, a trend was observed with greater improvement in active extension for those in the dynamic Capener (−11.5°) compared to the static progressive belly gutter (−7.3°) or serial cast (−8.7°) groups, with less total end range time required. The abbreviated WT was significantly associated with improvement in active extension ( p = 0.001). Participants reported a high degree of satisfaction with their orthosis regardless of type. Conclusions No single orthosis demonstrated statistically greater effectiveness, although the dynamic Capener orthosis appeared more efficient. The abbreviated WT is associated with treatment outcome.

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Choi, Hyun-Su, et Jung-Hoon Lee. « Immediate Effect of Balance Taping Using Kinesiology Tape on Dynamic and Static Balance after Ankle Muscle Fatigue ». Healthcare 8, n^o 2 (9 juin 2020) : 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8020162.

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The objective of this study was to investigate whether ankle balance taping (ABT) applied after muscle fatigue-inducing exercise can cause immediate improvements in dynamic and static balance. A total of 31 adults (16 males and 15 females) met the inclusion criteria. The experiment was designed using a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Changes in static and dynamic balance were measured before and after inducing muscle fatigue in the ankles and after ABT or ankle placebo taping (APT). After ankle muscle fatigue-inducing exercise, both the ABT and APT groups showed significant increases in surface area ellipses in the static state with eyes open (p < 0.05), and significant increases in surface area ellipses in the static and dynamic states with eyes closed (both p < 0.05). After taping of the fatigued ankle, surface area ellipses decreased significantly when eyes were open and closed in the static and dynamic states, but only in the ABT group (p < 0.05). Static balance was significantly different between groups (eyes open, 36.2 ± 86; eyes closed, 22.9 ± 46.7). Dynamic balance was significantly different between groups (eyes open, 68.6 ± 152.1; eyes closed, 235.8 ± 317.6). ABT may help prevent ankle injuries in individuals who experience muscle fatigue around the ankles after sports and daily activities.

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Malik, Sumbal, Syed Muhammad Ishaak et Arshad Ali. « EFFECT OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON STATIC BALANCE IN BASEBALL ATHLETES ». Sports Sciences and Physical Education Review 2, n^o 1 (30 décembre 2023) : XI—XVIII. http://dx.doi.org/10.52633/ssper.v2i1.19.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of strength on the static balance of Pakistani baseball athletes. This study shows how elite Pakistani baseball players' static balance may improve following a 12-week strength training pre/post-intervention. The participants were separated into two groups of ten: the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group completed 12 weeks of strength training, whereas the control group received no treatment. The Romberg test was used to measure the participants' static balance in four different positions: standing on both feet with eyes open, standing on both feet with eyes closed, standing on the dominant leg with eyes closed, and standing on the nondominant leg with eyes closed. The experimental group's static balance improved significantly following the 12-week strength training intervention. The study's findings demonstrated that 12 weeks of strength training significantly improved Pakistani baseball players' static balance. Furthermore, the strength training program had a substantial and good impact on the static balance of Pakistani baseball players. It is suggested that the Pakistan Baseball Federation implement strength training and focus on improving static balance in order to improve various aspects of Pakistani baseball players' performance.

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Durrell, J. L., I. A. Sneddon, V. E. Beattie et D. J. Kilpatrick. « Sow behaviour and welfare in voluntary cubicle pens (small static groups) and split-yard systems (large dynamic groups) ». Animal Science 75, n^o 1 (avril 2002) : 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135772980005284x.

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AbstractThe welfare of sows kept in two different group housing systems, namely voluntary cubicle pens housing small static groups and a split-yard housing system housing a large dynamic group, were examined. Each week, four newly weaned sows were introduced into either a voluntary cubicle pen or the split-yard system, with a total of eight groups of four sows introduced into each system. Behavioural and skin lesion data were recorded during the sows’ first 5 weeks in either system. Agonistic behaviours were performed more frequently during week 1 than in subsequent weeks in both housing systems (P < 0001). Sows in the voluntary cubicle pens spent more time standing inactive (P < 0001) and spent less time in exploratory (P < 005) and locomotory (P < 001) behaviours. However, sows in the split-yard system had higher skin lesion scores (P < 001) and engaged in more social (P < 005) and agonistic interactions (P < 005). These agonistic interactions included attacks (P < 005) and fleeing (P < 0001) throughout the 5-week observation period and fighting (P < 0001) during week 1 only. The split-yard system, therefore, appeared to offer sows a more stimulating social and physical environment than the voluntary cubicle pens, but also led to higher levels of aggression and skin damage. Both housing systems, therefore, appear to compromise sow welfare in different ways.

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Pourbaix, Dimitri. « Dynamic versus Static Designation ». Highlights of Astronomy 13 (2005) : 998–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600017949.

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AbstractShould the designation of the components of a system reflect its known hierarchy or rather the history of their discovery? With the recent progress in, say, radial velocity techniques, the old famous order in which components were used to be discovered (inner to outer components for spectroscopic systems) is somehow altered. In the past, capital letters were used for visual companions and lower case letters for spectroscopic components and there was almost no overlap between the two groups. The situation has changed from both ends of the orbital period interval. In some rare cases, we think letters should be re-distributed and re-assigned in order to reflect the structure of the system. With an adequate choice of the data structure, such a change of the companion designation is rather straightforward to implement in modern databases (such as SB9). The only foreseen drawback is related to the cross-reference with some old papers: the letter B would not designate the same component in a 1970 paper and in a 2003 one. For instance, the former secondary of an SB2 system might now refer to the unseen companion and an astrometric triple.

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Alperin, J. L. « Static modules and non-normal Clifford theory ». Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series A. Pure Mathematics and Statistics 49, n^o 3 (décembre 1990) : 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700032377.

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AbstractA version of the Dade-Cline equivalence from Clifford theory is proved for non-normal subgroups of a finite group in the context of a synthesis of a number of equivalences that arise in the representation theory of groups and algebras.

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Shimizu, Takeshi, et Hiroko Norimatsu. « Detection of Invariants by Haptic Touch across Age Groups : Rod Length Perception ». Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, n^o 2 (avril 2005) : 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.2.543-553.

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This study examined the development in the detection of maximum eigenvalues and static moment as invariants, through a task of perceiving rod length without visual information by haptic touch. 34 participants ages 6 to 83 years participated in the experiment. Their exploratory behavior and perceptions of rod length were analyzed by age group (Children: 6 to 12 years old; Young Adult: 21 to 25 years old; Middle Age: 31 to 56 years old; and Older: 65 to 83 years old). A behavior analysis indicated that use of vertical swinging increased for the Young Adult group and decreased with age for the Older group, whereas Children frequently held the rod without wielding. Analysis showed that, by age, differences in coefficients on the maximum eigenvalue and static moment were parallel with an exploratory behavioral change. Finally, the effect of different exploratory behaviors on length perception was discussed.

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Natt, Amanpreet Singh, Amandeep Kaur Sekhon, Sudhir Munjal, Rohit Duggal, Anup Holla, Prahlad Gupta, Piyush Gandhi et Sahil Sarin. « A Comparative Evaluation of Static Frictional Resistance Using Various Methods of Ligation at Different Time Intervals : An In Vitro Study ». International Journal of Dentistry 2015 (2015) : 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/407361.

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Aim. To compare and evaluate the static frictional resistance offered by the four different types of ligation methods in both dry and wet conditions and at different durations when immersed in artificial saliva.Material and Methods. Alastik Easy to Tie modules, Super Slick Mini Stix elastomeric modules, Power “O” modules, and 0.009″Stainless Steel ligatures were used to compare the static friction using maxillary canine and premolar Preadjusted Edgewise brackets with 0.022″× 0.028″slot and 0.019″× 0.025″stainless steel wires.Results. The mean frictional resistance for Alastik modules was the lowest and that of Stainless Steel ligatures was found to be highest among the four groups compared and the difference among the four groups was statistically significant (P<0.005). The mean static frictional resistance in all groups under dry conditions was lower than that under wet conditions. No statistical significant differences were found when the groups were compared at different time periods of immersion in artificial saliva.Conclusion. This study concludes that the Alastik modules showed the lowest mean static frictional forces compared to any other ligation method, though no significant difference was found for different time periods of immersion in the artificial saliva.

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Habashy, Ahmed E., Tarek Tappozada et Samir M. E. Sayed. « Comparison between static and dynamic cervical assessment in prediction of preterm birth ». International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, n^o 11 (28 octobre 2022) : 2954. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222783.

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Background: Preterm labor represents one of the most likely causes for prenatal hospitalization. Previously, the accuracy of cervical length measurement in predicting preterm birth was thoroughly examined. The current study aimed to compare static and dynamic cervical assessment in prediction and management of preterm labor.Methods: The present study was prospective comparative study and conducted on (75) pregnant female patients recruited from the antenatal clinic of El-Shatby Maternity University hospital in the period from October 2021 till August 2022. The patients included in the study were divided into three groups; the first group included (25) patients and all were subjected to static cervical assessment, the second group included (25) patients and all were subjected to dynamic cervical assessment and the last group included (25) patients and all were subjected to interval dynamic cervical assessment. All groups are almost matched in their general characteristics. All groups received tocolysis in the form of nifedipine slow-release tablets 20 mg twice daily. Conventional static and dynamic transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length (CL) was done.Results: There were inverse relationships between gestational age (GA), fundal level (FL) and mean gestational age (MGA) with the latency period but there was a direct relationship between the parity and the static cervical length in all the studied groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding their means of latency period in those with static cervical length >1.5-2.5 cm (most of cases in all groups). Although there was statistically significant difference between group A, B and C as regard their means of static and dynamic cervical length.Conclusions: The longer the latency period, the lengthier the cervical length. The latency period had an inverse correlation with gestational age. There was also a direct relationship among parity and cervical length. The cervical estimation using the fundal pressure method, dynamic cervical length, is more enlightening than the interval approach.

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Lee, Seung C., et R. Karl Hanson. « Similar Predictive Accuracy of the Static-99R Risk Tool for White, Black, and Hispanic Sex Offenders in California ». Criminal Justice and Behavior 44, n^o 9 (7 juin 2017) : 1125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854817711477.

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Although considerable research has found overall moderate predictive validity of Static-99R, a sex offender risk prediction tool, relatively little research has addressed its potential for cultural bias. This prospective study evaluated the predictive validity of Static-99R across the three major ethnic groups (White, n = 789; Black, n = 466; Hispanic, n = 719) in the state of California. Static-99R was able to discriminate recidivists from nonrecidivists among White, Black, and Hispanic sex offenders (all area under the curve [AUC] values >.70; odds ratios >1.39). Base rates (at a Static-99R score of 2) with a fixed 5-year follow-up across ethnic groups were very similar (2.4%-3.0%) but were significantly lower than the norms (5.6%). The current findings support the use of Static-99R in risk assessment procedures for sex offenders of White, Black, and Hispanic heritage, but it should be used with caution in estimating absolute sexual recidivism rates, particularly for Hispanic sex offenders.

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Yıldız, M. « The acute effects of repeated static apnea on aerobic power ». Physical education of students 22, n^o 4 (28 août 2018) : 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2018.0407.

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Purpose: Apnea exercises cause a rise in hematocrit, erythropoietin, hemoglobin concentration, lung volume and oxygen store in muscle and blood, and a decrease in blood acidosis and oxidative stress. These types of physiological changes that occur in the body result in developments in both time to exhaustion and V02max. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the acute effect of repeated static apneas on aerobic power. Material: Twenty physically active male university students (age:22.80±3.84 year, height:177.40±7.49 cm and weight:68.20±8.72 kg) volunteered to participate in the current study. They were divided as the static apnea and control groups randomly. The static group performed multistage exercise treadmill test to exhaustion (maximal aerobic power) after three maximal apneas with 2-min interval in sitting position. The control group performed only the maximal aerobic power test without apnea. Their maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max), gas exchange rate (RER), heart beat rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) values were measured during maximal aerobic test. Their hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values were measured before and immediately after the apnea for both groups. Results: There were no significant differences found between the control and static apnea groups for Vo2max, HR, Hb and Hct. However, RPE values measured after the static apnea were lower (17.55±0.51) than the control (18.75±0.62). Conclusions: The repeated static apneas immediately prior the maximal aerobic effort cannot increase aerobic power in untrained breath hold participants. However, the lower RPE after static apnea may be used as an ergogenic effect.

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Yolkin, V. « Creation of the questionnaire “Social intervention and control (SIC)” for researching static components of totalitarianism in religious groups ». Social Psychology and Society 9, n^o 3 (2018) : 146–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2018090315.

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The article covers the procedure of elaborating the questionnaire “Social intervention and control in a religious group” (SIC) and its adaptation. The questionnaire was created as one of two methods for revealing totalitarian inclinations in various religious communities. Earlier, we had established that there are five static and one dynamic components characterising the totalitarianism in religious groups. The SIC questionnaire is aiming to reveal the static components. When elaborating the questionnaire, the specific features characterising each of the components have been found, based on an analysis of available sources of information. Those features have been generalized and organized into working scales. Furthermore, procedures for improving validity and reliability of the method have been conducted — expert evaluations, the pilot study and the main study, and re-testing. Currently, the method allows to estimate the degree of expression of the static components of totalitarianism in religious groups.

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Heshmatipour, Mojtaba, Azam Esfandiari, Maryam Kazemi Naeini, Mehdi Raei, Omolbanin Firoozpur, Neda Shariatinia et Kiavash Hushmandi. « Effect of Active Dynamic Versus Passive Static Stretching on Hamstring Muscle Tightness in Healthy Female Students : A Randomized Trial Study ». Hospital Practices and Research 4, n^o 4 (15 décembre 2019) : 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.27.

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Background: For decades, static stretching has been the standard benchmark for training programs, because it has been shown to increase flexibility compared with other methods of stretching. Objective: The current study investigated and compared the effects of active dynamic stretching and passive static stretching on hamstring tightness. Methods: For this experiment, 64 female students were enrolled and randomly assigned to active dynamic or passive static stretching groups (n=32 each). The first and second experimental groups were trained with repetitive dynamic stretching and static stretching exercises, respectively. Exercises were performed 10 times per limb, 3 times per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Hamstring muscle length measurements were repeated in weeks 2 and 4. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 15. Results: Both experimental groups showed significant improvements in the active knee extension range of motion during the intervention (P<0.001). However, active stretching showed better results and had a greater effect on range of motion in comparison with static stretching. Conclusion: Active dynamic training can be considered a suitable method for increasing the flexibility of the hamstring muscle and, consequently, reducing the complications and problems associated with hamstring tightness.

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Kirkham, Mandy, Sachini N. K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Leanza Driscoll, Brennan Smith, Paul Brewer et Saori Hanaki. « The Effects of Concussions on Static Postural Stability ». Applied Sciences 14, n^o 7 (29 mars 2024) : 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072885.

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Concussions among the athletic population are extremely common, which could lead to postural instabilities. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of concussions on postural stability in young healthy adults. The static postural stability of thirty volunteers (age 21.63 ± 2.50 years; height 1.70 ± 0.14 m; weight 75.00 ± 15.58 kg; 17 with a history of concussions) was assessed using a force platform during three tests: baseline stability test, clinical test of sensory interaction and balance test, and unilateral stability test. Postural sway variables during each test were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test between the concussion group (CONC) and no concussion (NO CONC) groups. Two secondary analyses were performed with the CONC group: individuals who had one concussion (ONCE) vs. who had multiple concussions (MULTIPLE) and individuals who had their last concussion in 2023–2018 (RECENT) and in 2017–2011 (OLD). The CONC, MULTIPLE, and RECENT groups demonstrated greater postural sway than the NO CONC, SINGLE, and OLD groups. Concussions cause postural decrements in young healthy adults compared to their counterparts with no history of concussions. The results of the study exhibit that concussions could lead to imbalances, which is decisive in athletes’ performance and injury risk during play.

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Liu, Haiyun, Yanfeng Li, Guangquan Chai, Yuan Lv, Changjian Li, Shumao Li, Chunhao Yang, Aishunag Li, Yingdi Wang et Weiwei Li. « Effect of synchronous irrigation on cyclic fatigue of nickel-titanium instrument in the dynamic and static models ». Journal of Applied Biomaterials & ; Functional Materials 19 (janvier 2021) : 228080002098740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020987403.

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of synchronous water irrigation on the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. Methods: A standardized cyclic fatigue test models were established, and five types of nickel-titanium instruments (PTU F1, WO, WOG, RE, and M3) were applied. Each instrument was randomly divided into two groups ( N = 12). There was synchronous water irrigation in the experimental group, and no water irrigation in the control group. Besides, ProTaper Universal F1 was randomly divided into 10 groups ( N = 20). In the static group, nickel-titanium instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and six experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate, angle and position; while in the dynamic group, instruments were divided into one control group (no irrigation, N = 20) and two experimental group (irrigation, N = 20) based on different flow rate. The rotation time (Time to Failure, TtF) of instruments was recorded and analyzed. Results: According to the static experiments, the TtF of instruments in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the static control group. Besides, the dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the dynamic control group. Compared with control group, the TtF in the experimental groups increased by at least about 30% and up to 160%. The static and dynamic tests of PTU F1 showed that the TtF of nickel-titanium instrument in all experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. However, there was no significant difference between any two experimental groups. Conclusion: Regardless of dynamic or static model, TtF with irrigation was longer than that with non-irrigation, indicating that synchronous irrigation can increase the fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium instrument. However, different irrigation conditions may have the same effect on the fatigue resistance.

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Zhao, Peng Cheng, Yu Bao Niu, Shuo Qin et Yang Tao Yu. « Effect of Bucking on the Mechanical Properties of Honeycomb Sandwich Structure ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (janvier 2014) : 705–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.705.

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Static compression test on the Honeycomb sandwich structure with surface core defect carry out in this paper. The specimen divided into four groups, one had no defect, one had circle defect, the other two groups had rectangular defect in different direction. In the process of loading the strain gauge which located on the specimen surface in each group record the strain transformation of the specimen surface. Through the Static load test on the fatigue testing machine, fracture load of each specimen was record. According to the data, how the size and shape of the defect influence the compression static strength of Honeycomb sandwich was discussed, and inspecting defects direction how to affect the structural static strength by means of theoretical analysis and data fitting, meanwhile the shape of the defects in structure how to effect buckling was discussed too.

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Stopka, Christine, Kevin Morley, Ronald Siders, Josh Schuette, Ashley Houck et Yul Gilmet. « Stretching Techniques to Improve Flexibility in Special Olympics Athletes and Their Coaches ». Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 11, n^o 1 (février 2002) : 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.11.1.22.

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Objective/Context:To examine the effects of static and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching in Special Olympics athletes and their coaches on sit-and-reach performance.Design/Participants:Repeated-measures ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc analyses on 2 groups: Special Olympics athletes (n = 18, mean age = 15.7) and their coaches without mental retardation (n = 44, mean age = 22.2).Intervention/Outcome Measures:Stretching performance was measured in centimeters using a sit-and-reach flexibility box, examining 2 series of 3 stretches. For both groups, the first set of 3 stretches was performed in the following order: baseline, static, PNF. Three to 4 weeks later, the order of the stretches was reversed: baseline, PNF, static.Results:PNF stretching improved performance regardless of stretching order after baseline and static measures. Static stretching improved performance only from baseline.Conclusions:Individuals of various ages and cognitive abilities can apparently perform and benefit from PNF stretching.

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Panza, Gino, Justin Stadler, Donal Murray, Nicholas Lerma, Tomas Barrett, Ryan Pettit-Mee et Jeffrey E. Edwards. « Acute Passive Static Stretching and Cramp Threshold Frequency ». Journal of Athletic Training 52, n^o 10 (1 octobre 2017) : 918–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.7.03.

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Context: Exercise-associated muscle cramps are a common clinical problem for athletes. Objective: To determine whether acute passive static stretching altered cramp threshold frequency (CTF) of electrically induced muscle cramps. Design: Crossover study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen healthy college-aged individuals. Intervention(s): Stretching or no stretching. Main Outcome Measure(s): The independent variable was the static stretch versus the no-stretch condition, and the dependent variable was the CTF. Results: The CTF increased in both the control (pretest: 18.12 ± 6.46 Hz, posttest: 19.65 ± 7.25 Hz; P = .033) and stretching (pretest: 18.94 ± 5.96 Hz, posttest: 20.47 ± 7.12 Hz; P = .049) groups. No difference between the groups was found (t15 = 0.035, P = .97). Conclusions: Acute passive static stretching did not seem to increase the CTF.

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Kim, Seong-Ho. « The Effects of Eccentric Training and Static Stretching Exercise of Hamstring on Pain intensity, Oswestry disability Questionnaire, Flexibility and Range of motion in Patients with Low back pain ». Korean Society of Medicine & ; Therapy Science 15, n^o 2 (30 novembre 2023) : 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31321/kmts.2023.15.2.13.

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of eccentric training (ET) of hamstring and static stretching (ST) exercise on the pain intensity (VAS), Oswestry disability Questionnaire (ODQ), flexibility, and range of motion (ROM) in lumbar region of patients with low back pain (LBP). Method: ET (n=9) and ST (n=9) groups were received intervention 3 times per week for 3 weeks. A VAS, ODQ, flexibility of hamstring, ROM in lumbar region were measured before and after interventions for each group. A paired t test was used to compare variables before and after intervention between groups, and the independent t test was used to compare variables before and after intervention between groups, and the significance level was p<.05. Results: Both the hamstring eccentric training group and static stretching group showed a statistically significant decrease in the VAS, ODQ (p<.05), and sit and reach test value in the static stretching group was statistically significant increased (p<.05). There were no significant difference in VAS, ODQ, Flexibility, ROM between the two groups before and after intervention. Conclusion: These results suggest that Eccentric training and static stretching intervention of hamstring are effective method to improve the VAS, ODQ of patients with LBP.

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Vališ, Martin, Jakub Dršata, David Kalfeřt, Pavel Semerák et Jan Kremláček. « Computerised static posturography in neurology ». Open Medicine 7, n^o 3 (1 juin 2012) : 317–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-011-0152-8.

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AbstractPosturography is a general term for techniques used to measure postural stability on static or dynamic measuring platforms. The principle of static computerised posturography (SCPG) is the detection of the centre of foot pressure (CFP) in upright stance on a posturography platform. Our communication deals with the importance of SCPG in differential topodiagnosis of vestibular syndromes in neurology. The set of examinations and evaluations carried out was divided among a control group of healthy subjects (77), a group of subjects with peripheral vestibular disorder (159), and a group of subjects with a non-peripheral balance disorder (82). Results obtained through the measurements were evaluated using descriptive statistics procedures and basic numerical and graphic statistical characteristics of the given groups. Our observations demonstrate that posturography is a valuable auxiliary test for balance disorders, especially given the lack of more suitable tests. According to our results, SCPG can be used for a rough differential topodiagnosis of balance disorders in neurology.

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Ye, Jia-Bin, Jian Cai, Xinpei Liu, Qing-Jun Chen, Zhi-Liang Zuo et Bing-Quan He. « Experimental investigation of inclined RC pile groups under horizontal static and impact loads ». Engineering Structures 233 (avril 2021) : 111846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111846.

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DOTSENKO, Evgeny Aleksandrovich, et Irek Sarvarovich MINNIAKHMETOV. « Age changes in static endurance and strength of different muscle groups in pupils ». Russian Electronic Scientific Journal, n^o 1 (2022) : 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2022-43-1-131-144.

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WRIGHT, REUBEN LEON, DAVID P. SWAIN et J. DAVID BRANCH. « Blood pressure responses to acute static and dynamic exercise in three racial groups ». Medicine & ; Science in Sports & ; Exercise 31, n^o 12 (décembre 1999) : 1793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199912000-00015.

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Oliynyk, Todd A., et H. P. Künzle. « On global properties of static spherically symmetric EYM fields with compact gauge groups ». Classical and Quantum Gravity 20, n^o 21 (29 septembre 2003) : 4653–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/20/21/007.

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Manfredi, Marco, Roberto Vezzani, Simone Calderara et Rita Cucchiara. « Detection of static groups and crowds gathered in open spaces by texture classification ». Pattern Recognition Letters 44 (juillet 2014) : 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.11.001.

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Kuno, Mayumi, Kazuhiko Sawai, Yuichi Hirano et Mitsumasa Miyashita. « The effect of static pre-loading on isokinetic torque of various muscle groups ». Journal of Biomechanics 27, n^o 6 (janvier 1994) : 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91081-2.

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Ahmed, Simran, Seung C. Lee et L. Maaike Helmus. « Predictive accuracy of Static-99R across different racial/ethnic groups : A meta-analysis. » Law and Human Behavior 47, n^o 1 (février 2023) : 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000517.

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Yu, Li, Bin Bin Lv, Hong Tao Guo, Yu Yan, Jun Zha et Bo Lu. « Static Aeroelasticity Solution for Divergence Dynamic Pressure of Wing ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (septembre 2014) : 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.1233.

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This paper introduces the solution for calculating the divergence dynamic pressure of wing under subsonic speed based on static aeroelasticity. Several groups of results (q ~ θ values) are calculated and the divergence dynamic pressure can be obtained through two methods, i.e. making q ~ θ value curves or deducing divergence dynamic pressure formula based on the characteristics of equilateral hyperbola. According to several groups of calculated data, the error caused by the two methods is minor and can be ignored basically.

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Mazgelienė, Agnė, et Justė Knatauskaitė. « The Immediate Eﬀect of 90 sec. Duration Plantar Myofascial Release on Static and Dynamic Balance and Injury Risk in Female Volleyball Players ». Reabilitacijos mokslai : slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 1, n^o 28 (27 juin 2023) : 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v1i28.1365.

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Background. Self-administered plantar myofascial release with a tennis ball is a widely used technique to increase flexibility and range of motion, but it is unclear how effective this technique is on static and dynamic balance and injury risk in volleyball players. The aim of the study is to determine the immediate effect of short-term (90 s duration) plantar myofascial release on the static and dynamic balance and injury risk of females playing volleyball. Methods. The study involved 26 female volleyball players who were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Subjects in the control group (n=13) received no intervention and were retested for 180 s. since initial testing. The participants of the study group received self-administered plantar myofascial release of 90 s duration with tennis ball for one leg and 90 s duration on the other leg (all together duration 180 s). A modified star excursion (Y test) test was used to assess dynamic balance. Static balance was assessed by the Flamingo test. Results. Myofascial release improved (p<0.05) the result of dynamic balance in only one direction – anterior, standing on both the left and right leg, in the control group – posterolateral, standing on the right and left leg, posteromedial – standing on the right leg (p<0.05). No differences were found between groups. The static balance of subjects in both groups during the retest did not differ (p>0.05) from the initial assessment. The combined dynamic balance score improved (p<0.05) only in the control group that had a rest break instead of the intervention. No significant differences were found in static balance results either between groups or within groups. Conclusions. Immediate short duration plantar myofascial release was not effective on static and dynamic balance and injury risk in volleyball players. The effect of short-term myofascial release did not differ from that of no intervention. Keywords: balance, volleyball, myofascial release, injury risk.

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Fels, M., K. Konen, E. Hessel et N. Kemper. « Biometric measurement of static space required by weaned piglets kept in groups of eight during 6 weeks ». Animal Production Science 59, n^o 7 (2019) : 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17445.

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Adequate space allocation is deemed to be an important criterion for animal welfare in modern pig farming. However, it is not a simple matter to determine how much space a group of pigs needs, and precise, animal-based data about the floor area needed by the body dimensions of group-housed pigs in different weight categories are currently lacking. So as to collect biometric data on the static space of weaned pigs kept in groups and to evaluate current spatial requirements, an automatic measurement of the floor area covered by the pigs’ bodies within groups was performed. Consequently, the resulting free space in a pen, available for (non-) locomotor behaviours, was calculated. In three batches, two groups of eight piglets each were formed after weaning. Using three-dimensional cameras that recorded a piglets’ pen from top view and a software for image analysis, the exact static space of a group considering different body positions was measured and specified in square centimetres. Measurements were taken weekly for a total period of 6 weeks per batch. The area covered by the bodies of a group of eight piglets increased almost linearly with increasing average bodyweight (R 2 = 0.99, n = 1645 images). The highest mean static space was measured in Week 6 (1.54 m2, average bodyweight: 25.2 kg) when 100% of piglets were lying with less than 50% huddling. When 100% of piglets within a group were lying, more than 50% huddling reduced the mean static space to 1.4 m2 (P < 0.05). When all pigs of a group were lying, significantly more space was covered than in situations when all pigs of a group were standing (1.54 m2 vs 1.36 m2, P < 0.05). Exclusively in Week 1, when piglets were lying with more than 50% huddling, the space covered by the group was slightly reduced compared with the situation when 100% of piglets were standing. By the automatic method, realistic results on the static space of piglets kept in groups were achieved. Space requirements of the largest animals in the most space-demanding body positions should be the basis for space recommendations for nursery pigs.

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Al-Abdulwahab, Sami, Shaji Kachanathu et Faris Alodaibi. « Influence of Isokinetic Knee Muscle Torque at Different Angular Velocities on Standing Posture Stability in Healthy Adults ». Physikalische Medizin, Rehabilitationsmedizin, Kurortmedizin 28, n^o 02 (26 mars 2018) : 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-100796.

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Abstract Objectives Knee muscle groups contribute to proper and safe static and dynamic standing posture stability. The impact of isokinetic knee muscle torque at various angular velocities on standing posture stability is poorly understood. We investigated the influence of isokinetic knee muscle torque at different angular velocities on standing posture stability. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting King Saud University Campus labs. Method The study population was a convenience sample of 30 healthy volunteer college students with a mean age of 20±2 years. Isokinetic concentric peak torque (PT) of knee extensor (Q) and flexor (H) muscle groups as well as the flexor to extensor (H:Q) ratio at three different angular velocities: (60, 180, and 300°/s) were measured, respectively. The postural stability was also measured in both static and dynamic components. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between the different isokinetic components and postural stability (both static and dynamic). Results The PT of Q and H muscle groups and the H:Q ratio at the 3 different angular velocities were significantly associated with static standing balance with eye open on a firm surface (p<0.033). Moreover, the PT of Q at 60 and 180°/s angular velocities was significantly associated with maximum and endpoint excursion components of dynamic standing balance (p<0.044). Conclusions The PT of both Q and H muscle groups at different angular velocities are associated with maintenance of standing static balance. PT of Q only is significantly associated with control of dynamic standing balance in the lower angular velocities.

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