Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Stati membri Unione europea competenze »
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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Stati membri Unione europea competenze"
1
Celi, Giuseppe, Andrea Ginzburg, Dario Guarascio et Annamaria Simonazzi. « Una Unione divisiva. Una prospettiva centro-periferia della crisi europea ». Il Politico 252, no 2 (19 janvier 2021) : 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2020.522.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La storia dell’integrazione europea resta ancora oggi, a sessantatré anni dalla fondazione della Comunità Economica Europea, uno dei temi fondamentali per comprendere l’Unione e i suoi sviluppi politici. Molti dei conflitti, delle tensioni, dei problemi strutturali e delle inefficienze che si riconducono all’Unione Europea, così come anche molti dei successi e delle fortune, sono realmente comprensibili soltanto con una conoscenza della storia delle istituzioni europee e della progressiva integrazione degli Stati Membri.
2
Ziller, Jacques. « Il nuovo assetto dei Diritti nei trattati Europei dopo Lisbona ». CITTADINANZA EUROPEA (LA), no 1 (mars 2011) : 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ceu2011-001005.
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La problematica dei diritti č strettamente collegata alla natura pattizia della ‘costituzione' della Comunitŕ - ora Unione - europea come giŕ chiarito dalla Corte di giustizia nella sentenza Van Gend en Loos del 1963. Č su questa base che vanno quindi analizzate le novitŕ del trattato di Lisbona, per quanto riguarda diritti derivanti da obblighi degli Stati membri, che sono nuovi rispetto ai previgenti trattati CE e UE. L'autore esamina come si manifesta il carattere vincolante della Carta dei Diritti fondamentali dell'Unione europea per tutti gli Stati membri, dato che il Protocollo sulla Polonia e il Regno Unito non rappresenta una deroga al sistema di diritto UE. Infine, l'autore presenta le tre piů importanti conseguenze del carattere ormai vincolante della Carta, cioč la differenziazione tra diritti fondamentali e altri diritti, l'applicabilitŕ di una riserva di legge e la possibilitŕ di ricorso alla procedura di rinvio pregiudiziale per l'interpretazione della Carta.
3
Buchanan, James M. « The Constitutional Moment of the 1990s * ». Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 9, no 3 (1 octobre 1991) : 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907345379.
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Abstract In questo scritto vengono delineate le prospettive costituzionali che nel decennio in corso si stanno aprendo sia nell’ambito della Comunità europea che per i paesi dell’ex-Unione Sovietica, in un’ottica di economica costituzionale del federalismo e del secessionismo. In particolare, l’autore sostiene che nell’elaborare una costituzione per l’Europa sia opportuno attribuire ad un potere federale il ruolo di «Stato protettivo », con il compito di garantire la creazione di un grande mercato, e agli stati membri della federazione il ruolo di «Stato produttivo», cui sono quindi assegnate le altre funzioni di natura governativa.Allo scopo poi di impedire che il governo centrale travalichi i limiti previsti dalla costituzione, viene auspicata la previsione costituzionale di un diritto di secessione che consenta agli stati membri di recedere dal contratto originario.
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Aloisio, Salvatore. « Osservatorio Europeo. Considerazioni sul ruolo delle autonomie nei rapporti tra stati membri e Unione europea : il caso italiano del Senato nella proposta di riforma costituzionale ». CITTADINANZA EUROPEA (LA), no 2 (février 2017) : 127–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ceu2016-002005.
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Folmer, Henk, et Tim Jeppesen. « Environmental policy in the European Union : community competence vs member state competence ». Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 94, no 4 (septembre 2003) : 510–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9663.00277.
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Krzysztofik, Edyta Anna. « Scope and Exercise of the Exclusive Competences of the Member States of the European Union ». Review of European and Comparative Law 43, no 4 (11 décembre 2020) : 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.6056.
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The process of European integration has introduced the Member States into a new legal reality. The existing exclusivity in the area of competence implementation has been replaced by a two-stage model of their exercise. The Member States, when conferring part of their supervisory powers, did not specify the scope of their own competences. The so-called European clauses were analysed in the Constitutions of selected Member States, which showed that they define the recipient of the conferral and, in a non-uniform manner, specify the subject of the conferral. The analysis of the indicated provisions clearly shows that the Constitutions of the Member States exclude full conferral of competences on the European Union. There is no specification of the scope of competences that may be conferred. However, this issue was addressed by Constitutional Courts of the Member States. The article refers to the judgements of the German Federal Constitutional Court and the Polish Constitutional Court. It has been shown that they equate exclusive competences of the Member States with the scope of the concept of constitutional identity reduced to basic principles of the state. The Court of Justice of the European Union analysed the scope of competences of both entities. The article presents the analysis of judgements on: entries in Civil Registry regarding transcription of surnames, the issue of recognition of same-sex marriages, reform of the judiciary system in Poland, and the application of the Charter of Fundamental Rights in the areas that do not fall under EU competence. Regardless of the division of competences, the EU is bound by the principle of respect for national identity of the Member States, including constitutional identity. It both obligates the EU to respect the exclusive competences of the Member States and is a premise restricting the achievement of EU objectives.
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GUY, Mary. « Towards a European Health Union : What Role for Member States ? » European Journal of Risk Regulation 11, no 4 (9 septembre 2020) : 757–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.77.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Calls for a European Health Union apparently challenge long-standing beliefs that national healthcare system organisation is a Member State competence. Interaction between Member State and European Union (EU) levels therefore fundamentally requires reflection in the design, overall structure and legal basis of any European Health Union. Article 168(7) Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides the current version of the seemingly limited EU competence with regards to national healthcare system organisation and has received surprisingly little attention thus far. On the one hand, within the wider EU health competence ‘web’, Article 168(7) TFEU constrains EU adoption of measures incentivising Member States to use particular treatments or to increase intensive care units in response to COVID-19. On the other hand, Article 168(7) TFEU is challenged by the perceived influence of Country-Specific Recommendations issued in the context of the European Semester on national health policies. This opinion piece provides an original assessment of Article 168(7) TFEU to argue that Treaty change to redress the balance between EU and Member State competence regarding national healthcare systems may be uncalled for given both the flexibility afforded by the provision and the complexity and diversity of Member State healthcare systems.
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DUMITRAȘCU, Mihaela-Augustina, et Oana-Mihaela SALOMIA. « Eficacitatea măsurilor adoptate de Uniunea Europeană pentru sprijinirea statelor membre în perioada pandemiei de Covid-19 ». Analele Universitării din București Drept 2020, no 2020 (13 janvier 2020) : 242–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/aubd.2020.13.
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"The European Union has faced an unprecedented health crisis in recent months, followed by a major economic crisis for member states. In accordance with the competences assigned to it by the Member States, the Union has acted in the medical, economic and financial fields, providing financial and logistical support to the Member States, however, at the beginning of the pandemic, it was observed that the Union faced at least two sensitive issues, namely the lack of visibility of its actions and the reaction of some Member States or acceding countries that were “abandoned” in the fight against the virus. Gradually, the Union institutions have begun to take concrete and effective measures, with a positive impact on both health and economic levels. At the same time, given that many Member States have triggered a state of emergency at national level which has involved, inter alia, the restriction of certain rights and freedoms, the European institutions have adopted certain similar restrictive measures, in particular movements of goods and persons; these restrictions must comply with the specific provisions of primary and secondary Union law, as well as the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. In conclusion, from the point of view of the legal analysis of the construction of the Union, it is important to follow the outlines of reflections on overcoming this crisis and how they will lead to the revision of the EU Treaties both in terms of institutional structure and competence."
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Yuskiv, Bohdan, et Nataliia Karpchuk. « Multilingualism Factors of the European Union Member-States ». Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no 43 (15 juin 2021) : 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.43.136-145.
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Languages are the basis for Europeans who want to coexist and work together. To do this, the Europeans need to understand each other, the EU's neighbors and partners as well, and to teach and promote the linguistic heritage of the Member States. The motto of the European Union – “Unity in diversity” – reflects multilingualism as the basis of the EU, which is enshrined in a number of documents at the pan-European level. Multilingualism makes business and citizens more competitive and mobile. Promoting multilingualism is a great way to unite Europeans, to build a truly inclusive society where citizens' rights are respected. In the EU “multilingualism” is treated as the ability of communities, groups and individuals to use more than one language in their daily activities on an ongoing basis. The European Commission (together with national governments) coordinates the goal of multilingualism and the goals of the language strategy. Languages should not be an obstacle to participation in society, and marginalized language groups should be identified, represented and included in society. However, the national language policy is the sphere of competence of each state. The article substantiates the assumption that there are certain factors that determine the specifics and level of multilingualism of the EU Member-States. The multilingualism index of each EU Member-State was calculated and the countries were ranked according to a number of sub-indices, in particular: official languages, foreign language skills, language education and study, foreigners (migrants) and language policy, everyday languages, international communications. It was found out that according to the integrated index of multilingualism, the top 5 countries are represented by Luxembourg, Germany, Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands. The most important factors determining the policy of multilingualism are the following: the influence of citizens who are interested in learning foreign languages, as well as foreigners, migrants who study the state language to assimilate in society, the influence of using foreign languages in practice and online communication.
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Kokovikhin, Aleksandr. « Skills management in regional economic policy of the OECD and the EU member countries ». Upravlenets 11, no 5 (6 novembre 2020) : 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-5-7.
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The paper analyzes the theoretical concepts and practice of skills management implemented in the countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the European Union (EU). The relevance of the study is due to the lack of data about the OECD and the EU experience examined in the Russian literature in terms of theoretical comprehension of gaps and mismatches in employees competencies, jobs requirements and the skills management policy at state and regional levels. This problem not only significantly narrows the Russian research field, but also deprives regional authorities and self-government specialists of access to approved management tools. The methodological background of the study is the competence-based approach that provides necessary tools for both theoretical conceptualization and the development of an appropriate state policy. In the paper, we apply the methods of comparative and system-based analysis of the theory and practice of competency management at regional level. Using them, the author discusses the role, content and toolkit of state and regional policy on skills management, and analyzes how theoretical concepts of new public management, knowledge economy and institutional economy affect the development and implementation of the strategic documents of the OECD and the EU, as well as member countries and regions in a historical perspective. The research findings indicate a general trend towards change in the priorities of the regional skills management policy from competency supply management in 2000–2007 to the balanced development of competency demand and supply in 2007–2015 and focusing on skills in breakthrough technologies that underlie the region’s smart specialization. The research also reveals the special features of regional skills management policy in particular countries. The research results can be used for further theoretical analysis of state policy in regional labor markets, as well as in the development of strategies and policies for managing labor resources at the level of Russia’ regions.
Thèses sur le sujet "Stati membri Unione europea competenze"
1
Di, Siervi Carolina <1980>. « Il rapporto tra diritto internazionale, sopranazionale e diritto degli stati membri : una comparazione tra unione europea e mercosur ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2647/2/Di_Siervi_Carolina_Il_rapporto_tra_diritto_internazionale%2C_sopranazionale_e_diritto_degli_Stati_membri_una_comparazione_tra_Unione_Europea_e_Mercosur.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il nostro studio è incentrato sul confronto fra l’Unione Europea e il Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur, particolarmente, in relazione a due aspetti: (i) aspetto giuridico-strutturale e, (ii) aspetto giurisprudenziale. L’obiettivo principale di tale confronto è quello di tracciare un parallelismo tra i due sistemi d’integrazione in modo da comprendere il livello d’integrazione e di efficienza del Mercosur in relazione ad un parametro ineludibile in materia quale è l’Unione Europea.
Con tale obiettivo, il lavoro è stato suddiviso in quattro capitoli che mettono a fuoco aspetti molto precisi dei sistemi d’integrazione regionale.
Il Capitolo I Diritto e integrazione nell’ambito del Mercosur, ha una funzione introduttiva al sistema mercosurino e funge da asse dell’intera tesi dato che illustra le origini del Mercosur, le sue istituzioni, i suoi fini ed obiettivi e, da ultimo, l’attuale assetto istituzionale del medesimo ed ipotizza i suoi possibili sviluppi futuri.
Nel Capitolo II, L’evoluzione del diritto del Mercosur alla luce del primo parere consultivo del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, è analizzato il primo parere emesso dai Tribunali mercosurini – nell’anno 2007. Vengono delineati gli elementi che caratterizzano tali pareri mercosurini e vengono altresì messi in evidenza gli aspetti di convergenza con i rinvii pregiudiziali della Corte di giustizia e quelli che, invece, rappresentano elementi di profonda divergenza. Attraverso l’analisi del Parere 1/2007 ci proponiamo in primo luogo di mettere a fuoco specifici spunti giuridici rintracciabili nella sua motivazione che ci permetteranno di dare una reale dimensione al Diritto mercosurino. In secondo luogo, ci proponiamo di mettere in evidenza il fondamentale ruolo che possono acquisire i pareri emessi dal Tribunal Permanente de Revisión nello sviluppo dell’intero sistema giuridico ed istituzionale del Mercosur.
Nel capitolo successivo, Un caso di conflitto di giurisdizione, abbiamo voluto studiare una particolare controversia che, curiosamente, è stata affrontata e risolta da differenti organi giurisdizionali con competenze materiali e territoriali diverse. Facciamo riferimento alla causa “dei polli” esportati in Argentina, con presunto dumping, da parte di alcuni produttori brasiliani dal gennaio 1998 al gennaio 1999. Tale causa ebbe origine in Argentina dinanzi un’autorità amministrativa, fu parallelamente portata dinanzi la giustizia federale argentina, successivamente davanti ad un Tribunale mercosurino e, infine, dinanzi l’OMC. Con lo scopo di trovare una risposta al perché sia stato possibile adire più tribunali ed applicare normativa diversa ad una stessa controversia abbiamo indagato due aspetti di diritto di vitale rilevanza nell’ambito del diritto internazionale dei nostri giorni. Da una parte ci siamo focalizzati sullo studio delle normative internazionali che legiferando su materie simili e, in certi casi, pressoché identiche, e avendo origine in sistemi giuridici diversi hanno, tuttavia, la capacità di esplicare i loro effetti in più giurisdizioni e sono, pertanto, potenzialmente in grado di influenzarsi a vicenda. D’altra parte, abbiamo compiuto un’indagine sull’esistenza o meno di una normativa che funga da raccordo tra i sistemi di risoluzione delle controversie degli spazi d’integrazione economica e il sistema di risoluzione delle controversie dell’OMC.
Infine, il quarto ed ultimo capitolo, L’attività giurisdizionale negli spazi d’integrazione regionale, è dedicato alla valutazione degli sviluppi compiuti dal Mercosur in 18 anni di vita alla luce dei lodi emessi dai Tribunali mercosurini. Difatti, l’obiettivo concreto di questo capitolo è capire se i Tribunali mercosurini svolgono una funzione dinamica e costruttiva dell’assetto del Mercosur, tesa a sviluppare il sistema normativo, oppure se essi abbiano, piuttosto, una funzione passiva e una visione statica nell’applicazione del diritto. È risaputo che la funzione della Corte di giustizia è stata determinante nell’evoluzione e nell’affermazione del sistema giuridico in vigore attraverso una giurisprudenza costante. Mediante il confronto dell’attività svolta da entrambe le giurisdizioni sarà possibile avanzare ipotesi riguardo i futuri progressi dell’assetto mercosurino grazie all’apporto giurisprudenziale.
2
Di, Siervi Carolina <1980>. « Il rapporto tra diritto internazionale, sopranazionale e diritto degli stati membri : una comparazione tra unione europea e mercosur ». Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2647/.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Il nostro studio è incentrato sul confronto fra l’Unione Europea e il Mercado Común del Sur (Mercosur, particolarmente, in relazione a due aspetti: (i) aspetto giuridico-strutturale e, (ii) aspetto giurisprudenziale. L’obiettivo principale di tale confronto è quello di tracciare un parallelismo tra i due sistemi d’integrazione in modo da comprendere il livello d’integrazione e di efficienza del Mercosur in relazione ad un parametro ineludibile in materia quale è l’Unione Europea.
Con tale obiettivo, il lavoro è stato suddiviso in quattro capitoli che mettono a fuoco aspetti molto precisi dei sistemi d’integrazione regionale.
Il Capitolo I Diritto e integrazione nell’ambito del Mercosur, ha una funzione introduttiva al sistema mercosurino e funge da asse dell’intera tesi dato che illustra le origini del Mercosur, le sue istituzioni, i suoi fini ed obiettivi e, da ultimo, l’attuale assetto istituzionale del medesimo ed ipotizza i suoi possibili sviluppi futuri.
Nel Capitolo II, L’evoluzione del diritto del Mercosur alla luce del primo parere consultivo del Tribunal Permanente de Revisión, è analizzato il primo parere emesso dai Tribunali mercosurini – nell’anno 2007. Vengono delineati gli elementi che caratterizzano tali pareri mercosurini e vengono altresì messi in evidenza gli aspetti di convergenza con i rinvii pregiudiziali della Corte di giustizia e quelli che, invece, rappresentano elementi di profonda divergenza. Attraverso l’analisi del Parere 1/2007 ci proponiamo in primo luogo di mettere a fuoco specifici spunti giuridici rintracciabili nella sua motivazione che ci permetteranno di dare una reale dimensione al Diritto mercosurino. In secondo luogo, ci proponiamo di mettere in evidenza il fondamentale ruolo che possono acquisire i pareri emessi dal Tribunal Permanente de Revisión nello sviluppo dell’intero sistema giuridico ed istituzionale del Mercosur.
Nel capitolo successivo, Un caso di conflitto di giurisdizione, abbiamo voluto studiare una particolare controversia che, curiosamente, è stata affrontata e risolta da differenti organi giurisdizionali con competenze materiali e territoriali diverse. Facciamo riferimento alla causa “dei polli” esportati in Argentina, con presunto dumping, da parte di alcuni produttori brasiliani dal gennaio 1998 al gennaio 1999. Tale causa ebbe origine in Argentina dinanzi un’autorità amministrativa, fu parallelamente portata dinanzi la giustizia federale argentina, successivamente davanti ad un Tribunale mercosurino e, infine, dinanzi l’OMC. Con lo scopo di trovare una risposta al perché sia stato possibile adire più tribunali ed applicare normativa diversa ad una stessa controversia abbiamo indagato due aspetti di diritto di vitale rilevanza nell’ambito del diritto internazionale dei nostri giorni. Da una parte ci siamo focalizzati sullo studio delle normative internazionali che legiferando su materie simili e, in certi casi, pressoché identiche, e avendo origine in sistemi giuridici diversi hanno, tuttavia, la capacità di esplicare i loro effetti in più giurisdizioni e sono, pertanto, potenzialmente in grado di influenzarsi a vicenda. D’altra parte, abbiamo compiuto un’indagine sull’esistenza o meno di una normativa che funga da raccordo tra i sistemi di risoluzione delle controversie degli spazi d’integrazione economica e il sistema di risoluzione delle controversie dell’OMC.
Infine, il quarto ed ultimo capitolo, L’attività giurisdizionale negli spazi d’integrazione regionale, è dedicato alla valutazione degli sviluppi compiuti dal Mercosur in 18 anni di vita alla luce dei lodi emessi dai Tribunali mercosurini. Difatti, l’obiettivo concreto di questo capitolo è capire se i Tribunali mercosurini svolgono una funzione dinamica e costruttiva dell’assetto del Mercosur, tesa a sviluppare il sistema normativo, oppure se essi abbiano, piuttosto, una funzione passiva e una visione statica nell’applicazione del diritto. È risaputo che la funzione della Corte di giustizia è stata determinante nell’evoluzione e nell’affermazione del sistema giuridico in vigore attraverso una giurisprudenza costante. Mediante il confronto dell’attività svolta da entrambe le giurisdizioni sarà possibile avanzare ipotesi riguardo i futuri progressi dell’assetto mercosurino grazie all’apporto giurisprudenziale.
3
Björklund, Moa. « Using SGEIs to justify state aid : an analysis of the division of competences between the member states and the European Union ». Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-127804.
Texte intégral
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Papadamaki, Ioanna. « Les aides d'État de nature fiscale en droit de l'Union européenne ». Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020037.
Texte intégralRésumé :
L’étude repose sur l’hypothèse que les aides d’État fiscales sont autonomes, se singularisant par rapport aux autres règles du droit fiscal de l’Union. Cela est dû au fait que la véritable nature de l’intégration, la véritable finalité du contrôle des aides fiscales, n’est pas facilement perceptible.Le régime des aides fiscales dépasse son cadre initial de contrôle des systèmes fiscaux pourintégrer celui d’élaboration de règles juridiques communes. Les autorités de l’Union, par le biais du régime des aides fiscales, contrôlent les systèmes fiscaux nationaux ; en même temps, elles parviennent à jouer un rôle important pour la coopération interétatique au regard de la lutte contrela concurrence fiscale dommageable. Plus important encore, elles réussissent à coordonner les systèmes fiscaux nationaux, procédant d’une instrumentalisation du contrôle des aides fiscales,contrôle étant conçu comme un succédané de l’harmonisation fiscale. La démonstration des finalités protéiformes de ce contrôle repose d’abord sur la méthode d’identification d’une aide fiscale, identification qui correspond aux finalités recherchées. La vérification de l’hypothèse initiale de singularisation des aides fiscales pose également la question de sa finalité. Ce contrôle est-il susceptible de façonner la structure même du droit fiscal de l’Union et, d’une manière plus substantielle, la répartition des compétences entre les autorités européennes et nationales ? Une technique comme celle du contrôle des aides fiscales peut-elle potentiellement contribuer à redéfinir la ligne de démarcation entre souveraineté fiscale des États membres et limitation tolérable de celle-ci par le droit de l’Union ?This thesis is based on the premise that tax state aids differentiate themselves from other tax law related rules of the European Union. This is due to the fact that the true nature of the integration, the true purpose of the regulation of tax state aids, is not so easily discernible. The legal status oftax state aids outreaches its original scope—the scrutiny of fiscal systems—to integrate that of creation of common legal rules. The authorities of the Union, through the tax aids regime, monitor domestic tax systems; at the same time, they come to play an important role in the context of the interstate cooperation tackling harmful tax competition. More importantly, they manage to coordinate domestic tax systems as a result of the “instrumentalization” of the regulation of taxaids. The latter is then regarded as a substitute to tax harmonization. This manifestation of themultifarious objectives of tax state aids regulation is firstly based on the technique ofcharacterization of a tax aid, a characterization corresponding ultimately to the goals as expected.The proof of the initial hypothesis of the self-containment of tax aids raises the question of its purpose. Is this regulation likely to weave the very structure of Union tax law and, more substantially, the division of competences between European and domestic authorities? Is a technique like the one related to tax state aids regulation likely to contribute to redefining the dividing line between member States tax sovereignty and its tolerable limitation by Union law?
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CARLOTTO, Ilaria. « Stati membri ed Unione europea : la ripartizione delle competenze tra processo decisionale e controlli giurisdizionali ». Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/472950.
Texte intégralRésumé :
La tesi analizza il delicato tema del riparto delle competenze tra Stati membri ed Unione europea con particolare attenzione alla giurisprudenza della Corte di Giustizia interventa in materia.The thesis analyzes the delicate issue of the division of competences between Member States and the European Union with particular attention to the case law of the Court of Justice.
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RENGHINI, Cristina. « Il sistema di tutela brevettuale nell'Unione Europea : il Brevetto Europeo con effetto unitario e il Tribunale Unificato dei Brevetti ». Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251086.
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Dopo più di quarant’anni di tentativi tesi alla realizzazione di un titolo di protezione brevettuale “comunitario”, nel 2012 sono stati emanati due regolamenti, il n. 1257/2012 e il n. 1260/2012, attuativi di una cooperazione rafforzata tra ventisei Stati membri dell’Unione europea: essi creano un brevetto europeo con effetto unitario e ne disciplinano il regime di traduzione applicabile. L’anno successivo, venticinque Stati membri hanno firmato un accordo istitutivo del Tribunale unificato dei brevetti. I summenzionati strumenti normativi costituiscono il c.d. “pacchetto brevetti”, che entrerà in vigore una volta che almeno tredici Stati membri, tra cui Germania, Francia e Regno Unito, avranno ratificato l’Accordo. Rispetto al panorama attuale, caratterizzato da una frammentazione normativa e giurisdizionale, tale nuova architettura porterà indubbiamente notevoli vantaggi. Da un lato, infatti, i regolamenti europei introducono un “nuovo brevetto” che estende la sua efficacia oltre i confini nazionali; la portata della protezione e gli effetti saranno infatti uniformi in tutto il territorio degli Stati membri partecipanti. Dall’altro, il Tribunale unificato, competente a giudicare quasi tutte le controversie in materia brevettuale, si sostituirà ai giudici nazionali, garantendo l’uniformità della giurisdizione e delle decisioni. Tuttavia, il risultato ottenuto con il “pacchetto brevetti” non sembra essere adeguato agli obiettivi di unitarietà che le istituzioni europee e gli Stati membri si erano prefissati. Si tratta infatti di un quadro normativo complesso, che combina il diritto dell’Unione europea, il diritto internazionale (in particolare l’Accordo sul Tribunale unificato e la Convenzione sul brevetto europeo), e il diritto nazionale degli Stati membri, a cui gli atti citati rinviano in diverse occasioni, e che istituisce due strumenti, il brevetto europeo con effetto unitario e il Tribunale unificato dei brevetti, dalla natura assai controversa. Per tale ragione, la nuova normativa solleva molteplici questioni di natura costituzionale, in ordine alla compatibilità del nuovo sistema con l’ordinamento giuridico dell’Unione europea. Uno dei profili problematici di particolare interesse riguarda la cooperazione rafforzata in tema di tutela brevettuale unitaria, che sembra essere stata instaurata per eludere il dissenso di Italia e Spagna in relazione al regime linguistico applicabile. Inoltre, nei due regolamenti europei manca una vera e propria disciplina sostanziale, sollevando pertanto dei dubbi sull’effettiva “unitarietà” del nuovo brevetto. Infine, alcune caratteristiche del Tribunale unificato, quali la sua particolare struttura, il riparto interno delle competenze, il regime linguistico e la previsione di un periodo transitorio in cui è possibile ancora adire il giudice nazionale, si pongono in contrasto con il fine di unificazione giurisdizionale. A tali considerazioni si aggiunge che la decisione del Regno Unito di uscire dall’Unione europea potrebbe compromettere l’entrata in vigore del “pacchetto brevetti”. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di analizzare in modo organico l’intera disciplina, nell’ottica di verificarne l’effettiva compatibilità con l’ordinamento dell’Unione europea. Solamente attraverso un approccio sistematico fondato sui principi e sugli strumenti dell’UE, si possono superare le attuali criticità che emergono dal “pacchetto brevetti”, nell’ottica di un effettivo miglioramento di tale nuova disciplina e del conseguente raggiungimento di una reale unitarietà nella tutela brevettuale.
Livres sur le sujet "Stati membri Unione europea competenze"
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Stati membri e Unione europea : Il difficile cammino dell'integrazione. Torino : G. Giappichelli, 2012.
Trouver le texte intégralChapitres de livres sur le sujet "Stati membri Unione europea competenze"
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Bizioli, Gianluigi. « Un passo ulteriore verso un sistema federale : un tributo per l’Unione Europea ». Dans Studi e saggi, 81–95. Florence : Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-591-2.06.
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Attempts to adapt the idea of sovereignty in order to understand the phenomenon of European integration inevitably lead to two opposing theoretical representations: on the one hand, to configure European integration as a process derived from and legitimised by state sovereignty; on the other hand, on the contrary, to consider the European Union as the locus of sovereign legitimation and that this radiates out over the member states. These reconstructions are inadequate: on the one hand, they employ a notion of sovereignty that does not fit the plural organisations of state, and, in particular, the idea of federalism, and, on the other hand, they were unable to valorise the original features of the EU system, its functioning and relations with the member states. The aim is to investigate the prerequisites and limits of the Union's tax power and, to this end, the question of the (preferable) qualification of the Union will be addressed first; then, that of the contents and boundaries of the Union's tax competences in order to verify the ownership of a power to introduce own taxes, having regard to the regulatory function of the Union and the instrumental function for the establishment and functioning of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU).
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Varju, Marton. « Competences ». Dans Member State Interests and European Union Law, 89–119. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429021879-4.
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Eleftheriadis, Pavlos. « Accountability ». Dans A Union of Peoples, 144–75. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854173.003.0006.
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Accountability is the most fundamental principle of the European Union. By offering practical assurance that agreements will be enforced, that the Union’s institutions will not go beyond their enumerated powers and the division of competences will be respected by all, the Union’s legal framework makes long-term multilateral cooperation possible. However, the European Union does not follow the pattern of accountability through the separation of powers in the way of a federal state. The distinction between the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary does not work in the same way because of the role played by the member states. Many important decisions are made by the states’ institutions, not the Union’s institutions. The institutional architecture of the European Union is thus unfamiliar. It is impossible to compare it to that of a constitution. The European Union is divided between the institutions of the EU and the institutions of the member states. The fragmentation of accountability in the European Union among the EU’s institutions and the various member states (in various combinations, e.g. the members of the Eurozone) is a principled position. It does not mean that the relations between the states and the Union are unregulated or merely transactional.
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Marise, Cremona, et Leino-Sandberg Päivi. « International Agreements of The Eu in The Field of EMU ». Dans The EU Law of Economic and Monetary Union. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793748.003.0009.
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This chapter is concerned with international agreements of the European Union (EU) in the field of Economic Monetary Union (EMU) (which for simplicity will be referred to as ‘external EMU agreements’). What treaty-making competence does the EU have in this field, how are such external agreements negotiated and concluded, and what types of agreement does the EU conclude? The focus of this chapter is thus a specific aspect of the external relations of the EU as regards EMU. And whereas the external policy-making within (formal and informal) international financial institutions, which was discussed in the previous chapter, ranges across a multiplicity of EU policy fields and competences, EMU-related treaty-making practice relates more specifically to the use of the euro as a common currency. And whereas economic policy is still primarily a Member State competence subject to EU-level coordination, monetary policy, with which these agreements are concerned, is an exclusive EU competence by virtue of Article 3(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU).
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Mitsilegas, Valsamis, et Niovi Vavoula. « European Union Criminal Law ». Dans Specialized Administrative Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787433.003.0007.
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The past three decades have witnessed the gradual evolution of a supranational system of criminal law by the European Union. This is a striking development, since criminal law is an area of great significance for state sovereignty and national identity, whereby EU Member States have developed divergent legal traditions and understandings. Although the Treaty of Rome did not confer any express power on the then European Community (EC) in the field of criminal justice, the European integration process proved that it was difficult to disassociate Community action in the main areas of EC competence, including free movement and the completion of the internal market, from criminal justice policy. Thus, the Maastricht Treaty established a Union competence in the field of Justice and Home Affairs, under the (former) Third Pillar, including judicial and police cooperation in criminal matters. However, decision-making in relation to this took place on the basis of unanimity within the Council, with mere consultation of the European Parliament. With the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty, the ‘policy core’ of EU criminal law became more firmly defined, resulting in the adoption of a wide range of framework decisions (e.g. on terrorism, trafficking in human beings, corruption). Importantly,
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Lenaerts, Koen, Piet Van Nuffel et Tim Corthaut. « The Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice ». Dans EU Constitutional Law, 243–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851592.003.0008.
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This chapter evaluates the European Union's competence and substantive rules relating to the area of freedom, security, and justice. The Lisbon Treaty has brought together, in Title V of Part Three of the TFEU, ('Area of freedom, security and justice') all competences of the Union in respect of visa, asylum, immigration, judicial cooperation in civil matters, and police cooperation and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. Through its policy in these fields, the Union legislature is to ensure an 'area of freedom, security and justice with respect for fundamental rights and the different legal systems and traditions of the Member States' (Article 67(1) TFEU). The cooperation between the Member States in the area of freedom, security, and justice is based on mutual trust, on the basis of which every Member State must assume, barring exceptional circumstances, that the other Member States respect Union law and fundamental rights. The chapter traces the steps by which the Member States have gradually agreed to have recourse to supranational decision-making in matters such as the entry and residence of third-country nationals, police cooperation, and judicial cooperation in civil and criminal matters.
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Lenaerts, Koen, Piet Van Nuffel et Tim Corthaut. « Citizenship of the Union ». Dans EU Constitutional Law, 132–52. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851592.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the European Union's competence and substantive rules relating to the citizenship of the Union. Title II of the TFEU ('Provisions on democratic principles') sets out by stressing the principle of the equality of the Union's citizens, mentioning at the same time EU citizenship as additional to national citizenship (Article 9 TEU). In 1992, the Treaty on European Union introduced the idea of citizenship of the Union to make clear that the European Union confers rights not only on persons who are engaged in an economic activity, but to all persons who have the nationality of a Member State. The Lisbon Treaty merged the provisions of the EC Treaty on non-discrimination with the ones on citizenship in Part Two of the TFEU ('Non discrimination and Citizenship of the Union'), i.e. Articles 18 to 25 TFEU. Under Article 20(2) TFEU, a Union citizen 'shall enjoy the rights and be subject to the duties provided for in the Treaties'.
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Larsen, Signe Rehling. « State Transformation and Teleology ». Dans The Constitutional Theory of the Federation and the European Union, 76–103. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859260.003.0004.
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This chapter is concerned with the foundations and principles of public authority in the federation and the EU. The federation is a political association, but sovereignty is not at the heart of its public law. The federation is a dual political existence, and has a dual governmental structure composed of the institutions of the Union and of the Member States, neither of which can be explained by the theory of the state. The Union is not a new omni-competent ‘super-state’. Its powers are conferred and ‘functional’ because they are derived from achieving the aims of the Union (the federal telos). But the Member States are not states ‘in the classical sense’ either. Becoming a Member State entails a process of state transformation and constraints on the exercise of public authority. This process of state transformation is intertwined with the emergence of the constitutional regimes of the Member States.
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Bachtler, John, et Carlos Mendez. « 11. Social Policy ». Dans Policy-Making in the European Union, 254–74. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198807605.003.0011.
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Social policy in the European Union (EU) is characterized by a fundamental puzzle: integration has happened despite member-state opposition to the delegation of welfare competences. While the policy has developed in small and modest steps, over time, this has led to a considerable expansion of the policy remit. Negative integration pushed by judicial decision-making is often regarded as a main driver for social integration. Positive integration through EU legislation is, however, just as defining for EU social policy, and politics is very evident when EU member states negotiate social regulation. More recently, the policy has been marked by deep politicization.
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Viktor, Kreuschitz, et Nehl Hanns Peter. « Part V Judicial Review before the Court of Justice of the European Union, 3 Decentralized Judicial Review and Enforcement of EU State Aid Rules ». Dans State Aid Law of the European Union. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-ocl/9780198727460.003.0023.
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This chapter assesses the enforcement of EU State aid rules. The Commission is not the only authority involved in the monitoring of State aid. As regards the supervision of Member States' compliance with their obligations under Articles 107 and 108 TFEU, the national courts also have an important role to play. The implementation of that system of control is a matter for both the Commission and the national courts, their respective roles being complementary but separate. Whilst assessment of the compatibility of aid measures with the common market falls within the exclusive competence of the Commission, subject to review by the Courts of the European Union, it is for national courts to ensure the safeguarding, until the final decision of the Commission, of the rights of individuals faced with a possible breach by State authorities of the prohibition laid down by Article 108(3) TFEU.
Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Stati membri Unione europea competenze"
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Marinac, Antun, Mirela Mezak Matijević et Jasmina Mlađenović. « DIVISION OF COMPETENCES BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE MEMBER STATE ». Dans EU AND MEMBER STATES – LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ISSUES. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/8993.
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DOBRE, Florin, Amza MAIR, Alexandru VASILESCU et Anna KANT. « ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE TRANSPORT FLEET AT EU LEVEL ». Dans International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/02.18.
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The general transport network in the European Union is of particular importance, especially given the operation of the two directives on the free movement of goods and services within the European Community. Transport is a strategic sector of the EU economy, which directly affects the daily lives of all EU citizens. Transportation services provide about 11 million jobs. They are a cornerstone of European integration, with fully interconnected and sustainable transport networks being a necessary condition for the completion and proper functioning of the European single market. The transport of goods and goods is carried out by road, rail, sea and air. Each of these transport routes has particularities that are suitable, depending on the group of goods, for the movement of goods. The European Union has adopted its own strategy aimed at developing and harmonizing the transport network in each Member State, so as to achieve a single transport network at Union level. In this context, using the data provided by Eurostat, the authors carry out a detailed analysis of the perspective of transport developments in the European Union. The volume of passenger and freight transport in the EU has increased in recent decades and this trend is expected to continue, albeit at a slower pace. Transport is an area of shared EU competence, which means that Member States can exercise their own competence, unless the EU has formulated common transport policies and strategies.
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Gajić, Aleksandar V. « FACING REALITY : A NEED TO CHANGE THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE EU PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 ON THE PERCEPTION OF IDENTITY AND THE ROLE OF THE EU ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22434.
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The main aim of this article is to highlight two interconnected issues raised in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first one concerns a need to change the EU Health Policy legal framework, particularly the founding treaties (TEU and TFEU), while the second one relates to the issue of the very perception of the identity of the European Union. The possible adequate solution for the situation created by the unprecedented nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and unprecedented measures that followed, was to proclaim state of emergency, which was largely avoided. It seems that it should be considered whether there is a need for amendments of the European Union founding treaties and/or the Charter on Fundamental Rights by providing the possibility of the state of emergency proclamation in the case of “the threats of the life” of the EU. The European Union is not entrusted with the competencies, powers, and responsibilities in health matters such as a pandemic, however founding treaties, functioning institutions as well as procedures seem sufficient for an effective response to health crises such as the one caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, having in mind experience with the COVID-19 pandemic it seems that there is a need to strengthen the EU legal framework concerning the issues of pandemic and similar threats, not by altering the nature of the EU competence regarding health issues, but by identifying the threats such as pandemic in the founding treaties that should contain basic regulations concerning European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. In that manner the efficient response would be in a form of an institutionalized mechanism at the core of the European Union instead of being fully dependent on the variable political will. At the same time there is an urgent need to identify those Health Policy issues that should be an adequate subject of judicial scrutiny. The COVID-19 pandemic also proved that Member States and the European Union should be more realistic regarding the perception of the role and identity of the European Union. The author argues that the identity of the European Union is blurred with a variety of considerations and that its content and features should be more determined, not only in academic literature but also in political practice, especially when it comes to the issue of self-determination of the European Union. The world is not the same as it was before the pandemic, and it seems that the European Union, in order to be prepared to face new challenges, must build its identity in realistic parameters and act in one voice “if it wants to make itself heard and play its proper rôle in the world”, as it was declared in the 1973 Declaration on the European Identity.
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Held, Mateja, et Kristina Perkov. « SPATIAL PLANNING IN THE EU AND CROATIA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ». Dans The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22445.
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Spatial planning is an interdisciplinary process dealing with practices of regulating and transforming the space, including experts from various fields such as lawyers, spatial and urban planners, geographers, civil engineers, economists, sociologists, etc. Spatial plans are general acts that arise due to the complex spatial planning process in which public participation is a necessary tool for transparent and legal procedure. They impact human rights due to their influence on a healthy environment, organization of life, quality of public services, green areas in the cities, etc. Spatial plans also deal with the economic aspect of investments, urban planning, and development of a particular territory. Cities are rapidly evolving and are characterized by density and overcrowded population, so the EU has a special interest in the adequate organization of the space. Consequences of the COVID- 19 pandemic have produced a need for a different land use regulation from the established one. New challenges for the Member State’s governments include regulation for the organization of life and everyday needs in 15 minutes’ walk areas (work, market, health care, school, kindergartens, public services, parks, etc.). Although the European Union does not have direct competence in spatial planning of each Member State, it has a strong influence on the Member States through regulations (for example, European Spatial Development Perspective, The New Leipzig Charter, etc. which provide a strong framework for good and sustainable urban governance) and practice, as well as through the financial support to the Member States. This paper has two main goals. The first aim of this paper is to analyse how the EU tries to overcome the consequences of the pandemic in the physical planning system (recommendations, guidelines, financial support, consulting, or others). We also aim to discover how the pandemic affected the process of adopting the spatial plans in the Member States on the example of Croatia in one case study. The paper is divided into several parts. After the introduction, the first part of the paper brings an overview of the spatial planning process in the EU and Croatia based on the analyses of the relevant EU and domestic regulations. Next part of the paper deals with the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spatial planning at the EU level, and on the development and adoption of spatial plans in Croatia. This includes the duration of the process, restrictions, and new ways of public participation in the process of the development and adoption of spatial plans (for example online public presentations), the influence on economic development (investments in a building), social distancing, etc. Last part of the paper will contain a research of development and adoption of spatial plans under the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper concludes with particular suggestions for improving the Croatian situation based on the good practices of the EU.