Thèses sur le sujet « STAAD MODEL »
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1
Huijsman, Robbert. « Model van voorzieningen voor ouderen ». Zeist : Maastricht : Kerckebosch ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1990. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5635.
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Proefschrift Maastricht.Onderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van de (voormalige) Stuurgroep Onderzoek Ouderwordende Mens (SOOM) en het Ministerie van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Cultuur. Lit. op.: p. 293-305. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.
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Novy, Andreas. « Sozialräumliche Polarisierung. Raum, Macht und Staat ». Institut für Wirtschaftsgeographie, Abt. Stadt- und Regionalentwicklung, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2003. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1166/1/document.pdf.
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Qin, Yanguo. « Ingrowth models and juvenile mixedwood stand dynamics ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28978.pdf.
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Bengtsson, Mikael. « A Control-Oriented 0D Model of a Turbocharger Gas Stand Including Heat Transfer ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119837.
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A turbocharger’s performance is measured in a gas stand in order to provide information of the components characteristics. The measurement procedure is a very time consuming process and it is thus desired to make it more time-efficient. To allow for development of an enhanced control strategy used during the measurements, a 0D model of a gas stand is developed. The physical gas stand components are modeled and validated against measurements, all showing a reasonable result. Turbocharger heat transfers are investigated and modeled using a lumped capacitance approach. The heat transfer models shows approximative results when comparing with measurements which is explained by the lack of temperature measurement made on the bearing housing. When the complete gas stand model is validated against measurements, an improvement of the measurement procedure is examined. By adding an idealized heat source with the possibility to heat the compressor housing, it is possible to reduce the time it takes to reach an equilibrium when switching between two steady state operating points.
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Wrede, Matthias. « Fiskalische Externalitäten im föderativen Staat / ». Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck, 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00070831.pdf.
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Bowling, Ernest H. « A stand level multi-species growth model for Appalachian hardwoods ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104295.
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Hurst, Jennifer Megan. « Stand dynamics of mixed-Nothofagus forest ». Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8849.
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Sustainable management of mixed-species forests for timber is underpinned by research on forest stand dynamics and quantification of tree recruitment, growth and mortality rates. Different performance among species across light gradients theoretically prevents more shade-tolerant species from excluding shade-intolerant species, driving succession and allowing species coexistence.
This research investigates stand dynamics and performance trade-offs for co-occurring tree species: Nothofagus fusca (red beech) and Nothofagus menziesii (silver beech), which together dominate extensive areas of New Zealand’s indigenous forest. Using permanent plot data, measurements of permanently tagged individuals are used to quantify recruitment, growth and mortality rates for each species, across size classes and life-history stages (i.e. seedlings, trees). First, seedling growth and mortality is examined in relation to microhabitats (e.g., light, substrate type) and contrasted with patterns of seedling abundance. Second, spatially explicit permanent plot data are used to examine tree growth in relation to competition, local disturbance and tree size over a 23-year period. Third, the influence of competition and disturbance on tree mortality and spatial patterns of tree mortality are examined. Fourth, a simulation model for tree population dynamics is parameterised for mixed-Nothofagus forest and used to evaluate long term consequences of disturbances (e.g. alternate harvesting regimes) on structure and composition.
Small-scale disturbance favoured each species at different life stages and for different measures of performance (i.e. recruitment, growth or mortality). N. fusca seedlings and trees grew fast in high light microhabitats, such as those created by small-scale disturbances, but adult N. fusca mortality was elevated near sites of recent disturbance. By contrast, N. menziesii trees grew faster near sites of recent disturbance, which may help this species persist. Consequently, simulation results showed that small-scale disturbance frequency was a major determinant of forest composition and structure, determining whether N. fusca or N. menziesii is dominant. The simulation model could be developed further and used to inform the sustainable management of mixed-Nothofagus forests.
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Heinze, Jason A. « Effects of Low-Input Vegetation Management on Pine-Hardwood Mixed Stands in the Northern Piedmont ». Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33647.
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In an attempt to provide low-cost, low-input alternatives for regenerating pine-hardwood mixtures, this study examined several mechanisms that influence the growth of pine-hardwood stands. The Regeneration Alternatives Study is an ongoing experiment that was designed to gain biological and economical information concerning the growth and yield of loblolly pine and mixed hardwood species. Low-cost herbicide applications (stump treatment, basal stem spray, release, and soil spot release) were used to control competing vegetation during the study.
The four even-aged regeneration treatments applied to loblolly pine and mixed hardwood stands of this study had a significant effect on their growth. Loblolly pine growth increased and mixed hardwood growth decreased as the intensity of herbicide treatment increased for all age classes. In general, loblolly pine was more productive with more intense treatment applications on poorer sites following a growing season harvest. Hardwood species were more productive with less intense treatment applications on higher-quality sites following a dormant season harvest for all age classes. Loblolly pine planting following clearfelling, coupled with a herbicide stump and release treatment (treatment 4), resulted in the highest yields of loblolly pine, the greatest economic returns, and the greatest level of site utilization. However, treatment 4 also resulted in the lowest yield of mixed hardwoods and the lowest level of species richness. Loblolly pine planting following clearfelling, with (treatment 3) and without (treatment 2) a hardwood stump treatment application, resulted in a more even distribution of pines and hardwoods, depending on the treatment. Treatment 3 favored loblolly pine growth, especially following a growing season harvest on poor sites. Treatment 2 favored mixed hardwood growth, especially following a dormant season harvest on good sites. There were no differences between methods of release (basal spray or soil spot herbicide application). Economically, treatments 2 and 3 did not realize a profit on returns.
Pine yields, dbh, and basal area were all significantly greater following a summer season harvest as opposed to pine growth following a winter harvest with the same chemical treatments. The pine growth data indicated that less intense chemical treatments following a summer harvest can achieve the same or greater growth results than more intense chemical treatments following a winter harvest. The results of this study indicate a significant biological and economic tradeoff, depending on the level of hardwood control applied and the time of harvesting.Master of Science
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Adetomokun, Idowu Jacob. « Exploring semiotic remediation in performances of stand-up comedians in post- apartheid South Africa and post-colonial Nigeria ». University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6684.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis research has been conducted by focusing on the trajectories of semiotic ensembles from various contexts that stand-up comedians exploited for aesthetic and communicative purposes. I apply the social semiotic theory of multimodality (Kress and van Leeuwen, 2001, 2006), and the notions of semiotic remediation (Bolter and Grusin, 1996, 2000) and resemiotization (Iedema, 2003) to selected audiovisual recordings performances of Trevor Noah and Loyiso Gola from South Africa; and Atunyota Akporobomeriere (Ali Baba) and Bright Okpocha (Basket Mouth) from Nigeria. I explore the trajectories of semiotic resources that the comedians used across modes, contexts and practices. I also trace the translation and interpretation of socio-cultural and political materials by South African and Nigerian stand-up comedians’ performances. The idea is also to examine the extent to which the socio-cultural and political contexts of both countries have differential effects on the choices in the semiotic resources used in the reconstruction of meanings, including cross socio-cultural taboos. The study reveals that combinations of various semiotic materials ranging from political, sociocultural, religious and personal lifestyles are remediated (repurposed) for comic and aesthetic effects. This involves translating and re-interpreting the semiotic resources across contexts and practices. In this regard, the study showed how the artists rework verbal language, images, socio-political discourses and other semiotic material for new meanings. It also reveals that although the choices of materials are similar, there is a tendency of localizing semiotic resources to particular localities and audiences, so that each artist’s performance comes out as unique to the person. The study concludes that language alone is not at the core of communication as other semiotic modes (in addition to languages) are integrated interweaving resources to make meaning. The direction of the modes or resources is multidimensional. All the spoken texts, all the non-linguistic modes: gestures, stance, movements, running on stage, postures, mimicking and others, perform vital roles to recontextualize meanings in stand-up comedy performance. Therefore, the study opens up new perspectives on social semiotic approaches to multimodality, as well as on language social semiotic and to theory and media studies. The contribution also answers the call to expand the understanding and research on the theory of ‘multimodality’ and the various concepts such as semiotic remediation and resemiotization associated with it.
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Raghavendra, Aarthi. « Performance Evaluation of Analytical Queries on a Stand-alone and Sharded Document Store ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1447688210.
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Moradinegade, Dizqah Arash. « Non-linear model predictive energy management strategies for stand-alone DC microgrids ». Thesis, Northumbria University, 2014. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/17747/.
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Due to substantial generation and demand fluctuations in stand-alone green micro-grids, energy management strategies (EMSs) are becoming essential for the power sharing purpose and regulating the microgrids voltage. The classical EMSs track the maximum power points (MPPs) of wind and PV branches independently and rely on batteries, as slack terminals, to absorb any possible excess energy. However, in order to protect batteries from being overcharged by realizing the constant current-constant voltage (IU) charging regime as well as to consider the wind turbine operational constraints, more flexible multivariable and non-linear strategies, equipped with a power curtailment feature, are necessary to control microgrids. This dissertation work comprises developing an EMS that dynamically optimises the operation of stand-alone dc microgrids, consisting of wind, photovoltaic (PV), and battery branches, and coordinately manage all energy flows in order to achieve four control objectives: i) regulating dc bus voltage level of microgrids; ii) proportional power sharing between generators as a local droop control realization; iii) charging batteries as close to IU regime as possible; and iv) tracking MPPs of wind and PV branches during their normal operations. Non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) strategies are inherently multivariable and handle constraints and delays. In this thesis, the above mentioned EMS is developed as a NMPC strategy to extract the optimal control signals, which are duty cycles of three DC-DC converters and pitch angle of a wind turbine. Due to bimodal operation and discontinuous differential states of batteries, microgrids belong to the class of hybrid dynamical systems of non-Filippov type. This dissertation work involves a mathematical approximation of stand-alone dc microgrids as complementarity systems (CSs) of Filippov type. The proposed model is used to develop NMPC strategies and to simulate microgrids using Modelica. As part of the modelling efforts, this dissertation work also proposes a novel algorithm to identify an accurate equivalent electrical circuit of PV modules using both standard test condition (STC) and nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) information provided by manufacturers. Moreover, two separate stochastic models are presented for hourly wind speed and solar irradiance levels.
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League, Richard B. « Bond graph model and computer simulation of a hydrostatic drive test stand ». Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50042.
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A hydrostatic drive test stand was constructed to aid in the instruction of the characteristics of hydrostatic transmissions and to develop a time-varying load in a shaft to compare torque transducers. A mathematical model of the device was derived using the bond graph approach and was implemented using the Advanced Continuous Simulation Language (ACSL). The test stand was used to obtain experimental data to try to refine the model parameters. To facilitate the measurement of system flows, a microprocessor-based digital flow indicator was developed. Steady-state tests were performed at various constant pump swashplate angles; for the dynamic tests, the pump swashplate angle was cycled from zero degrees to 6.5 degrees.Master of Science
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Phillipson, Allan. « C. K. Stead and three modes of New Zealand poetry ». Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25137.pdf.
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Ongeri, Simon. « Integration of remotely sensed data with stand-scale vegetation models ». Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11873.
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Dzierzon, Helge. « Development of methods for characeterizing plant and stand architectures and for model comparisons / ». [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970833229.
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Dzierzon, Helge. « Development of methods for characterizing plant and stand architectures and for model comparisons ». Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970833229.
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Xu, Yize. « Reference model based power smoothing for stand-alone hybrid PV-diesel micro grid ». Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45654.
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Photovoltaic (PV) generator generates clean energy but also brings active power fluctuation to the network. The thesis investigates the frequency stability issue of a MW level stand-alone hybrid micro grid which contains PV generator, diesel generator, storage unit and loads. The PV generator can only generate as much power as the sun provides. The resulting power mismatch between PV generation and load demand needs to be compensated. The slow responding diesel generator is designed to compensate for the steady state power mismatch. The battery, as the fast responding storage unit, is set to reject the power transients.
A battery control method based on the micro grid frequency feedback and PV output feed-forward is presented to satisfy the requirement of active power compensation in transients. It will be shown that the method keeps the stand - alone micro grid frequency within a specified region and provides the diesel generators more margin of time to adjust their output for better diesel efficiency.
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Taylor, Grace Ellen. « Analysis of a Stand Alone Ninth Grade School Transition Program Model : 1993-2003 ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/89886.
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The movement from middle school to high school is a crucial period as adolescents frequently have a difficult time acclimating to the high school environment and often experience a decline in their academic achievement from middle school to ninth grade (DeLamar and Brown, 2016; Ellerbrock and Kiefer, 2014; Fulk, 2003; Mizelle and Irvin, 2000; Neild, 2009). Many students who drop out of school do so in ninth grade and do not graduate on time with their classmates (Asplaugh, 1998; Bottoms, 2002; Fulk, 2003; Neild, Stoner-Eby, and Furstenberg, 2008). The components of a successful middle school to high school transition program address the academic, procedural, and social challenges students face during this time (Akos and Galassi, 2004; Anderson et al., 2000; Block, 2016; Cauley and Jovanovich, 2006; Ellerbrock et al., 2015; Smith et al., 2006).
Richard Samuel School (RSS), a stand-alone ninth-grade center, has addressed transition challenges for over 25 years. This single case study research examined the reasons for development of this unique school configuration, as well as the programmatic structures created to address students' academic, procedural, and social concerns, through the perceptions of former students, staff, and administrators. This study identifies the effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of the program design which addressed the middle school to high school transition for all students at RSS. The study analyzes the program during the first ten years of its existence, from its inception in 1993 until 2003.
As a result of this study, themes around responsive and supportive accountability among staff and students were evident. Through transition structures, such as development of a school support team, core content teachers planning for and teaching advanced and standard level curriculum coupled with student placement on an interdisciplinary team and every student assigned a teacher advisor, students at RSS experienced a positive transition to high school. As a result, a decline in student retention occurred and after year three of implementation, there was a 0% dropout rate. The results of this case study will contribute to research regarding impactful transition programming from middle school to high school.Doctor of Education
The movement from middle school to high school is a crucial period as students frequently have a difficult time adjusting to the high school environment and often experience a decline in their grades once they leave middle school and enter ninth grade (DeLamar & Brown, 2016; Ellerbrock & Kiefer, 2014; Fulk, 2003; Mizelle & Irvin, 2000; Neild, 2009). Many students who drop out of school do so in ninth grade and do not graduate on time with their classmates (Asplaugh, 1998; Bottoms, 2002; Fulk, 2003; Neild, Stoner-Eby, & Furstenberg, 2008). The transition from middle school to high school involves communication between school personnel, students, and their parents to ensure it is successful. The components of a successful middle school to high school transition program address the academic, procedural, and social challenges students face during this time (Akos & Galassi, 2004; Anderson, Jacobs, Schramm, & Splittgerber, 2000; Block, 2016; Cauley & Jovanovich, 2006; Ellerbrock, Denmon, & Owens, 2015; Smith, Feldwisch, & Abell, 2006). Richard Samuel School (RSS), a stand-alone ninth-grade center, has addressed transition challenges for over 25 years. The focus in this single case study research was to examine the reasons for the development of this unique school configuration, as well as the programmatic structures created to address students’ academic, procedural, and social concerns, through the perceptions of former students, staff, and administrators. An additional focus was to identify the effectiveness, benefits, and drawbacks of the program design which addressed the middle school to high school transition for all students at RSS. The study covered the program during the first 10 years of its existence, from its inception in 1993 until 2003. The results of this study contribute to the research regarding impactful transition programming from middle school to high school.
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Жульов, Олексій Олександрович, Алексей Александрович Жулев, Oleksii Oleksandrovych Zhulov, Василь Анатолійович Смирнов, Василий Анатольевич Смирнов, Vasyl Anatoliiovych Smyrnov et А. Воронко. « Модель стенда для выяснения характеристик видов колебаний ». Thesis, Сумский государственный университет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40577.
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Poole, Geoffrey Candler. « Modeling Forest Dynamics Based on Stand Level Resource Allocation ». DigitalCommons@USU, 1989. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6447.
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An ecologically based model of forest succession is presented. In the model, trees compete for a share of limited growth resources available from their environment. Competition is reflected by each tree's effect on the resource pool and is not explicitly modeled. Model parameters were fit to field data from subalpine forests of the Rocky Mountains. A technique for estimating model parameters from understory-tolerance rankings and silvical characteristics of each species is also presented. The model's output was consistent with our current understanding of forest dynamics. Emergent properties of the model also mimicked natural processes such as self-thinning, release, and maximum stand basal area as a function of species present and site quality.
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Westfall, James A. « Simulation of Early Stand Development in Intensively Managed Loblolly Pine Plantations ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29950.
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A system of equations was developed and incorporated into the PTAEDA2 loblolly pine stand simulator to provide growth projections from time of planting. Annual height growth is predicted using a two-parameter Weibull function, where distribution parameters are estimated from equations that utilize site index and age as predictor variables. Allometric equations are employed to estimate tree diameter and height-to-crown attributes. First year after planting mortality estimates are based on physiographic region and drainage class, with adjustments for bedding or discing site preparation treatments. Thereafter, a simple mortality function is used. The onset of competition is defined through a point density measure, which was conditioned to correspond with inflection points of basal area growth curves from observed data.
Early silvicultural treatment response functions were also developed. These equations modify growth for shearing and piling, discing, and bedding site preparation methods, fertilization with phosphorous, nitrogen, and/or potassium, and 1-year or 2-year herbaceous weed control treatments. Differential responses due to drainage class and physiographic region are included in the response functions where necessary. Equations that account for interactions between certain treatments are used to adjust response levels where treatments have similar effects site conditions.
Analyses of pre-competitive growth projections where no treatments are specified reveal that a small amount of over-prediction is present when compared with observed data. Predicted values in the post-competitive growth phase confirm that the addition of the pre-competitive growth system did not significantly affect the predictive behavior of the PTAEDA2 model. The simulated growth responses attributed to early silvicultural treatments are consistent with response levels reported in other studies.Ph. D.
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Kling, Christoph [Verfasser], Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Staab, Markus [Gutachter] Strohmaier et Lars [Gutachter] Schmidt-Thieme. « Probabilistic models for context in social media / Christoph Kling ; Gutachter : Steffen Staab, Markus Strohmaier, Lars Schmidt-Thieme ; Betreuer : Steffen Staab ». Koblenz, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1121008658/34.
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Bartold, Martina. « Modelling of Private Infrastructure Debt in a Risk Factor Model ». Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-208325.
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Allocation to private infrastructure debt investments has increased in the recent years [15]. For managers of multi-asset portfolios, it is important to be able to assess the risk of the total portfolio and the contribution to risk of the various holdings in the portfolio. This includes being able to explain the risk of having private infrastructure debt investments in the portfolio. The modelling of private infrastructure debt face many challenges, such as the lack of private data and public indices for private infrastructure debt. In this thesis, two approaches for modelling private infrastructure debt in a parametric risk factor model are proposed. Both approaches aim to incorporate revenue risk, which is the risk occurring from the type of revenue model in the infrastructure project or company. Revenue risk is categorised into three revenue models; merchant, contracted and regulated, as spread level differences can be distinguished for private infrastructure debt investments using this categorisation. The difference in spread levels between the categories are used to estimate β coefficients for the two modelling approaches. The spread levels are obtained from a data set and from a previous study. In the first modelling approach, the systematic risk factor approach, three systematic risk factors are introduced where each factor represent infrastructure debt investments with a certain revenue model. The risk or the volatility for each of these factors is the volatility of a general infrastructure debt index adjusted with one of the β coefficients. In the second modelling approach, the idiosyncratic risk term approach, three constant risk terms for the revenue models are added in order to capture the revenue risk for private infrastructure debt investments. These constant risk terms are estimated with the β coefficients and the historical volatility of a infrastructure debt index. For each modelling approach, the commonly used risk measures standalone risk and risk contribution are presented for the entire block of the infrastructure debt specific factors and for each of the individual factors within this block. Both modelling approaches should enable for better explanation of risk in private infrastructure debt investments by introducing revenue risk. However, the modelling approaches have not been backtested and therefore no conclusion can be made in regards to whether one of the proposed modelling approaches actually is better than current modelling approaches for private infrastructure debt.Investeringar i privat infrastrukturskuld har ökat de senaste åren [15]. För βägare av portföljer med investeringar i samtliga tillgångsslag är det viktigt att kunna urskilja risken från de olika innehaven i portföljen. Det finns många utmaningar vad gäller modellering av privat infrastrukturskuld, så som den begränsade mängden privat data och publika index för privat infrastrukturskuld. I denna uppsats föreslås två tillvägagångssätt för att modellera privat infrastrukturskuld i en parametrisk riskfaktormodell. Båda tillvägagångssätten eftersträvar att inkorporera intäktsrisk, vilket är risken som beror på den underliggande intäktsmodellen i ett infrastrukturprojekt eller företag. Intäksrisk delas in i intäksmodellerna "merchant", "contracted" och "regulated", då en skillnad i spreadnivå mellan privata infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar kan urskiljas med denna kategorisering. Skillnaden i spreadnivå mellan de olika kategorierna används för att estimera β -koefficienter som används i båda tillvägagångssätten. Spreadnivåerna erhålls från ett dataset och från en tidigare studie. I det första tillvägagångssättet, den systematiska riskfaktor-ansatsen, introduceras tre systematiska riskfaktorer som representerar infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar med en viss intäktsmodell. Risken eller volatiliten för dessa faktorer är densamma som volatiliteten för ett index för infrastrukturskuld justerat med en av β -koefficienterna. I det andra tillvägagångssättet, den idriosynktratiska riskterm-ansatsen, adderas tre konstanta risktermer för intäktsmodellerna för att fånga upp intäktsrisken i de privata infrastrukturinvesteringarna. De konstanta risktermerna är estimerade med β -koefficienterna och en historisk volatilitet för ett index för infrastrukturskuld. För båda tillvägagångssätten presenteras riskmåtten stand-alone risk1 och risk contribution2. Riskmåtten ges för ett block av samtliga faktorer för infrastrukturskuld och för varje enskild faktor inom detta block. Båda tillvägagångssätten borde möjliggöra bättre förklaring av risken för privata infrastrukturskuldinvesteringar i en större portfölj genom att ta hänsyn till intäktsrisken. De två tillvägagångssätten för modelleringen har dock ej testats. Därför kan ingen slutsats dras med hänsyn till huruvida ett av tillvägagångssätten är bättre än de som används för närvärande för modellering av privat infrastrukturskuld.
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Bondarenko, A. I., M. O. Mittsel et A. P. Kogushko. « Laboratory stand for research of the workflow in hydrostatic mechanical transmissions ». Thesis, Vela Verlag, Germany, 2014. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/42212.
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The work of the laboratory stand as a whole as well as its particular elements is described. The effect of
laws of parameters change of hydrostatic transmission fluid machines regulation and the laws of the
braking torque change on the basic parameters of hydrostatic mechanical transmissions of different
structures (two schemes were discussed: the first one with an inlet differential, the second - with an
output differential) at implementation of both acceleration and deceleration processes is determined. The
phenomenon of non-simultaneous translation of operating regimes of fluid machines being a part of the
hydrostatic mechanical transmission with an “output” differential in the areas of zero speed and power
modes is studied.
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Iles, John Clinton. « A STAND LEVEL GROWTH AND YIELD MODEL FOR RED OAK-SWEETGUM FORESTS IN SOUTHERN BOTTOMLANDS ». MSSTATE, 2008. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06132008-153157/.
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A greater emphasis is being placed on hardwood management, yet there has been relatively little effort to develop growth and yield information for hardwood forest types. Measurements on permanent growth and yield plots collected in 1981, 1988, 1994, and 2006 in minor stream bottoms in Mississippi and Alabama were used to construct a stand level growth and yield model for red oak/sweetgum stands. The model predicts arithmetic mean diameter, quadratic mean diameter, trees per acre, basal area, total tree height, and cubic foot volume per acre for the total stand and by species. Different sets of equations were constructed depending on the amount of information known about a hardwood stand. Models were chosen based on significance of variables, coefficient of determination, index of fit, and biological trends. Predicted stand development patterns are discussed. These models will be base models for a complete diameter distribution growth and yield model.
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Wikström, Peder. « Solving stand-level planning problems that involve multiple criteria and a single-tree growth model / ». Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-6051-4.pdf.
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Fujimoto, Masahiro, et Masahiro Fujimoto. « Dynamic Limits of Balance Control during Daily Functional Activities Associated with Falling ». Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12532.
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Falls are one of the most serious problems among the elderly, resulting in fatal physical injuries. Early identification of people at a high risk of falling is needed to facilitate rehabilitation to reduce future fall risk. The overall goal of this dissertation was to develop biomechanical models that identify dynamic limits of balance control in daily functional activities associated with falling, including sit-to-stand (STS) movement, standing (stance perturbation), and walking. Poor performance of STS movement has been identified as one of the risk factors of falls among elderly individuals. We proposed a novel method to identify dynamic limits of balance control during STS movement using whole body center of mass (COM) acceleration and assessed its feasibility to differentiate individuals with difficulty in STS movement from healthy individuals. The results demonstrated that our model with COM acceleration could better differentiate individuals with difficulty in STS movement from healthy individuals than the traditional model with COM velocity. Poor postural control ability is also a risk factor of falls. Postural recovery responses to backward support surface translations during quiet standing were examined for healthy young and elderly adults. The results demonstrated that functional base of support (FBOS) and ankle dorsiflexor strength could be sensitive measures to detect elderly individuals with declined balance control. Our biomechanical model, which determines a set of balance stability boundaries, showed a better predictive capability than the statistical model for identifying unstable balance recovery trials, while the statistical model better predicted stable recovery trials. Lastly, walking requires a fine momentum control where COM acceleration could play an important role. Differences in control of dynamic stability during walking were examined with our proposed boundaries of dynamic stability. Elderly fallers adapted a more conservative gait strategy than healthy individuals, demonstrating significantly slower forward COM velocity and acceleration with their COM significantly closer to the base of support at toe-off, which could be indicative of a poor momentum control ability.
Overall, this study demonstrated that COM acceleration would provide further information on momentum control, which could better reveal underlying mechanisms causing imbalance and provide an insightful evaluation of balance dysfunction.
This dissertation includes unpublished co-authored material.
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Mukherjee, Gaurav. « Design and Development of an Assistive Exoskeleton for Independent Sit-Stand Transitions among the Elderly ». University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1407407328.
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Лисиця, О. Р., Андрій Олександрович Панич, Андрей Александрович Паныч et Andrii Oleksandrovych Panych. « Комп`ютерна модель мікропроцесорного стенда EV8031/AVR ». Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3948.
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Zhang, Gong. « Integrating Remote Sensing and Ecosystem Models for Terrestrial Vegetation Analysis : Phenology, Biomass, and Stand Age ». DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1316.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Terrestrial vegetation plays an important role in global carbon cycling and climate change by assimilating carbon into biomass during the growing season and releasing it due to natural or anthropogenic disturbances. Remote sensing and ecosystem models can help us extend our studies of vegetation phenology, aboveground biomass, and disturbances from field sites to regional or global scales. Nonetheless, remote sensing-derived variables may differ in fundamental and important ways from ground measurements. With the growth of remote sensing as a key tool in geoscience research, comparisons to ground data and intercomparisons among satellite products are needed. Here I conduct three separate but related analyses and show promising comparisons of key ecosystem states and processes derived from remote sensing and theoretical modeling to those observed on the ground. First, I show that the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) greenup product is significantly correlated with the earliest ground phenology event for North America. Spring greenup indices from different satellites demonstrate similar variability along latitudes, but the number of ground phenology observations in summer, fall, and winter is too limited to interpret the remote sensing-derived phenology products. Second, I estimate aboveground biomass (AGB) for California and show that it agrees with inventory-based regional biomass assessments. In this approach, I present a new remote sensing-based approach for mapping live forest AGB based on a simple parametric model that combines high-resolution estimates of Leaf Area Index derived from Landsat and canopy maximum height from the space-borne Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) sensor. Third, I built a theoretical model to estimate stand age in primary forests by coupling a carbon accumulation function to the probability density of disturbance occurrences, and then ran the model with satellite-derived AGB and net primary production. The validated remote sensing data, integrated with ecosystem models, are particularly useful for large-region vegetation research in areas with sparse field measurements, and will help us to explore the long-term vegetation dynamics.
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Ortega-García, José Antonio. « Forest stand delineation through remote sensing and Object-Based Image Analysis ». Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28005.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Forest stand delineation is an essential task of forest management planning which can be time consuming and exposed to subjectivity. The increasing availability of LiDAR data and multispectral imagery offers an opportunity to improve stand delineation by means of remotely-sensed data. Under these premises, ASTER imagery and low-density LiDAR data have been used to automatically delineate forest stands in several forests of Navarra (Spain) through Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA). Canopy cover, mean height and the canopy model have been extracted from LiDAR data and, along with VNIR ASTER bands, introduced in OBIA for forest segmentation. The outcome of segmentation has been contrasted, on the one hand, assessing segments’ inner heterogeneity. On the other, OBIA’s segments and existing stand delineations have been compared with a new method of geometrical fitting which has been ad hoc designed for this study. Results suggest that low-density LiDAR and multispectral data, along with OBIA, are a powerful tool for stand delineation. Multispectral images have a limited predicting utility for species differentiation and, in practical terms, they help to discriminate between broad-leaved, conifer and mixed stands. The performance of ASTER data, though, could be improved with higher spatial resolution VNIR imagery, specifically sub-metric VNIR orthophotos. LiDAR data, in contrast, offers a great potential for forest structure depiction. This perspective is connected with the increasingly higher resolution datasets which are to be provided by public institutions and the rapid development of drone technology. Complexity of OBIA may limit the use of this technique for small consulting firms but it is an advisable instrument for companies and institutions involved in major forestry projects.No
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Moberg, Lennart. « Models of knot properties for Norway spruce and Scots pine / ». Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5855-2.pdf.
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Bergeron, Véronique. « May the real surrogate stand up : a pluralist critique of the shared decision-making model in neonatal intensive care ». Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21987.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Abstract May the Real Surrogate Stand-Up: A Pluralist Critique of the Shared Decision-Making Model in Neonatal Intensive Care In the fast-paced environment of the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), decisions about the health care of newborns involve multiple - and sometimes competing - normative forces. Informed by critical legal pluralism, this thesis offers an analysis of the normative interactions that emerge when parents and health care professionals meet at the bedside of a critically ill newborn. Using the shared decision-making model favored by the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) in its 2004 position statement on treatment decisions regarding infant, children and adolescents, I claim that in the NICU context consent is not sought in cases of medical certainty, where the best interest of the patient has already been ascertained according to medical norms. Consequently, the "shared" component of decision-making occurs only after the cause for decision-making has been determined by the child's health care team and presented to the child's surrogate decision-makers. Using ethnographic studies on the lived experience of parents in NICU, I question the marked difference between the authority given to parents by Canadian legal and medical guidelines and the authority they are allowed to exercise in fact at their child's bedside. I conclude by a critical reflection on the emergence of plural law in the NICU trough dynamics of parental resistance or conformity to accepted medical norms.Résumé Que le véritable substitut se lève: Une critique pluraliste des décisions partagées aux soins intensifs de nouveau-nés À l'unité des soins intensifs néonataux, les décisions portant sur le traitement des nouveau-nés impliquent une multitude d'influences normatives dont certaines peuvent entrer en compétition. Mettant à contribution le pluralisme juridique critique développé par Martha-Marie Kleinhans et Roderick Macdonald, cette thèse offre une analyse des interactions normatives qui émergent lorsque parents et personnel traitant se rencontrent au chevet d'un nouveau-né à l'état de santé précaire. En me basant sur le modèle de décision partagée favorisé par la Société Canadienne de Pédiatrie dans son énoncé de position sur les décisions médicales concernant les enfants et les adolescents, je soutiens qu'en contexte de soins intensifs néonataux, le consentement des parents n'est recherché qu'en cas d'incertitude ou de neutralité thérapeutique et non lorsque l'intérêt de l'enfant peut être adjugé avec certitude en vertu de critères médicaux. Par conséquent, la dimension « partagée » du processus décisionnel ne prend place que lorsque le personnel traitant estime qu'une incertitude suffisante justifie l'implication des parents dans le processus décisionnel. À l'aide d'études ethnographiques sur l'expérience vécue des parents à l'unité des soins intensifs néonataux, je souligne la différence marquée entre l'autorité décisionnelle donnée aux parents par le droit formel canadien, incluant les directives médicales, et l'autorité qu'ils exercent de facto au chevet de leur enfant. Je conclue par une réflexion critique sur l'émergence du pluralisme juridique aux soins intensifs néonataux par les dynamiques d'accommodement ou de résistance des parents envers les normes médicales en vigueur.
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Miquelajauregui, Graf Yosune. « An integrated model of stand dynamics, soil carbon and fire regime : pplications to boreal ecosystem response to climate change ». Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27659.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Les forêts d'épinettes noires (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) contiennent de grandes quantités de carbone stockées dans la biomasse vivante et dans le sol. Les feux de forêt et leur régime (ex. l’intervalle de retour de feu, l’intensité, la saisonnalité et la sévérité) jouent un rôle central dans le stockage et le flux du carbone, en modifiant la distribution et le transfert de carbone. Il y a peu de doute dans la communauté scientifique que le changement climatique provoquera des modifications dans les variables temporelles et spatiales qui contrôlent la fréquence et la sévérité des feux. Un modèle démographique structuré par classes de diamètre a été développé pour simuler le stockage du carbone sous divers régimes de feu. Cette approche intègre l’effet de l’intensité du feu et les mesures de la structure du peuplement sur la sévérité mesurée par la proportion de la mortalité des arbres. Le modèle permet aussi de quantifier et de cartographier les estimations régionales du carbone actuelles et futures pour le domaine bioclimatique de la pessière à mousses du nord du Québec. Les résultats de simulations suggèrent que la sévérité du feu augmente avec l’intensité initiale du feu. La variation de la structure du peuplement est l'un des facteurs qui explique la variation observée dans la sévérité du feu des régions boréales. Nous avons simulé les stocks et fluctuations de carbone sous sept niveaux d’intervalle de retour de feu et deux saisons de feu. Nous avons testé pour un effet de ces paramètres sur la moyenne des stocks de carbone. Les stocks de carbone étaient sensibles aux intervalles entre 60 et 300 ans. Le stock de carbone dans le sol fut plus faible pour les incendies d'été qui se produisaient durant de plus courts IRF. Finalement, les impacts à court terme du changement climatique ont été investigués au cours de quatre périodes climatiques : 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070 et 2070-2100. Des cartes d’intervalle de retour du feu historique et futur et des données météorologiques projetées par CanESM2 RCP8.5 ont été utilisées pour simuler la croissance des forêts, le taux de décomposition, le régime du feu et la dynamique du C. Dans nos expériences de simulation, l’accumulation de carbone dans l’écosystème était réduite de 11% d’ici à la fin de 2100. Les forêts d'épinette noire du Québec seraient possiblement en train de perdre leur capacité à séquestrer et à stocker le carbone organique durant les prochaines décennies, à cause des effets du changement climatique sur le régime de feu et la croissance des forêts.Boreal black spruce forests (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) store great amounts of carbon in the living biomass and in the soil. Fire regime characteristics (e.g. fire return interval, fire intensity, fire season and severity) play a central role in the storage and flow of carbon, by modifying the distribution and transfer of material among pools. There is little doubt in the scientific community that climate change will cause changes in the temporal and spatial variables that control the frequency and severity of fires. A demographic diameter-class structured model was developed to simulate boreal carbon storage under different fire regimes. This approach incorporates the effect of fire intensity and stand structure measures to simulate fire severity, measured as the proportion of overstory tree mortality. The model allows quantifying and mapping average regional estimates of current and future carbon stocks for the black spruce-feathermoss bioclimatic domain of northern Québec. Simulation results suggest that fire severity increases with fire the intensity. Stand structure is one of the factors that explains the observed variation in boreal fire severity. We simulated carbon stocks and fluxes under seven levels of fire return interval (FRI) and two fire seasons. We tested for an effect of these parameters on average carbon stocks. Carbon stocks were sensitive to IRF's between 60 and 300 years. Soil C stocks were lower for summer fires that occurred during shorter IRF. Finally, we investigated the short-term impacts of climate change under four climatic periods: 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070 and 2070-2100. Historical and future FRI maps and historical and forecasted weather data estimated by CanESM2 RCP8.5 were used to drive the growth of forests, decomposition rates, fire regime and C dynamics. In our simulation experiments, the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was reduced by 11% by the end of 2100. The results of this study suggest that black spruce forest could be losing their capacity to sequester and store organic C over the next coming decades due to climate change effects on the fire regime and on forest growth.
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Muñoz, Aguilar Raúl Santiago. « Sliding mode control of the stand alone wound rotor synchronous generator ». Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5960.
Texte intégralRésumé :
En esta Tesis ha sido analizado el control de la màquina sincrónica de rotor bobinado actuando en isla. Para esta configuración, la velocidad mecànica determina la frecuencia, y la tensión de rotor se utiliza para fijar la amplitud de la tensión de estator. Debido a que la constante de tiempo eléctrica es mucho más ràpida comparada con la constante de tiempo mecánica, la velocidad mecánica fue considerada constante y externamente regulada y la investigación se enfocó en la regulación de la amplitud de la tensión de estator.Cuatro diferentes controladores basados en técnicas de modos deslizantes fueron diseñados en el marco de referencia dq. Las leyes de control obtenidas regulan la amplitud de la tensión de estator independientemte del valor de la carga. Adicionalmente, sólo las medidas de tensión y posición del rotor (para calcular la transformada dq) son necesarias. La estabilidad de los puntos de equilibrio obtenidos fueron probados al menos utilizando anàlisis de pequeña señal.
Se realizó la validación por simulación y experimental de cada controlador en diferentes escenarios. Los resultados obtenidos validan los diseños y muestran las principales ventajas y desventajas de el sistema en lazo cerrado.
El capítulo 2 cubre los problemas de modelado de la màquina sincrónica de rotor bobinado. Partiendo de las ecuaciones trifásicas generales, y utilizando la transformada de Park, se encontraron el modelo en dq del generador sincrónico de rotor bobinado (WRSG) en isla, alimentando tanto carga resistiva como inductiva. Los puntos de equilibrio del sistema obtenido fueron analizados y calculados, luego se definió el objetivo de control. Finalmente, se obtuvieron modelos lineales aproximados y sus respectivas funciones de transferencia.
Los controladores PI son los más usados en la industria porque ofrecen buen desempeño y son sencillos de implementar. En el capítulo 3, se obtuvieron las reglas de sintonización para el controlador PI, y se analizaron estos resultados con el objetivo de proponer nuevos controladores que mejoraran el desempeño de la clásica aproximación PI.
El esquema de control en modos deslizantes para la WRSG conectada a una carga resistiva fue diseñado en el capítulo 4. Éste, también incluye un completo análisis de estabilidad del sistema en lazo cerrado.
El capítulo 5 presenta dos diseños basados en modos deslizantes para regular la amplitud de la tensión de estator para el WRSG actuando en isla. Ambos diseños usan la componente d de la tensión de estator en la función de conmutación. El primer caso es un control anidado, donde un lazo externo PI es añadido para proveer la referencia de la componente d de la tensión. En la segunda aproximación un término integral es añadido a la superficie de conmutación.
El caso de alimentar una carga inductiva es estudiado en el capítulo 6. El controlador requiere una extensión dinámica debido a que la amplitud de la tensión de estator es una salida de grado relativo cero. Como resultado, un controlador robusto, que no depende de los parámetros de la máquina ni de los valores de carga es obtenido.
En el capítulo 7 los resultados de simulación y experimentales para los controladores diseñados para el WRSG actuando en isla son presentados. En primer lugar, una descripción completa del banco es presentada. Esta incluye detalles de la etapa de adquisición de datos y de la DSP utilizada. En segundo lugar, se hace la descripción del procedimiento de simulación. Luego, las simulaciones y experimentos, que contienen diferentes escenarios, con cambios de referencia y variaciones de carga para cada controlador son presentados.
The control of the stand-alone the wound rotor synchronous generator has been analyzed in this dissertation. For this islanded configuration, the mechanical speed determines the frequency, and the rotor voltage is used to set the stator voltage amplitude. Due to the electrical time constant is so fast compared with the mechanical time constants, the mechanical speed was considered constant and externally regulated and the research was focused on the stator voltage amplitude regulation.
Four different controllers based on sliding mode control techniques were designed in the dq reference frame. The obtained control laws regulate the stator voltage amplitude irrespectively of the load value. Furthermore, only voltage and rotor position measures (to compute the dq transformation), are required. The stability of the obtained equilibrium points was proved at least using small-signal analysis.
Simulation and experimental validation of each controller containing several scenarios were carried out. The obtained results validate the designs and show the main advantages and disadvantages of each closed loop system.
Chapter 2 covers the modeling issues of the wound rotor synchronous machine. From the general three-phase dynamical equations, and using the Park transformation, the dq-model of the stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator feeding both a resistive and an inductive load are obtained. Equilibrium points of the obtained systems are analyzed and, after defining the control objective, the desired equilibrium points are computed.
Finally, linear approximated models are obtained and their transfer functions are also presented.
PI controllers are the most used in the industry because they offers good performance and are easily implementables. In Chapter 3 we obtain the tuning rule for the PI controller, and we analyze these results in order to propose new controllers which improve the classic PI approach.
The sliding mode control scheme for the WRSG connected to a resistive load is designed in Chapter 4. It also includes a complete stability analysis of the closed loop system.
Chapter 5 presents two sliding mode designs to regulate the stator voltage amplitude for a stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator. Both use the stator voltage d-component error in the switching function. The first case is a nested controller, where an outer PI loop is added to provide the proper d-voltage component reference. In the second approach an integral term is added to the switching function.
The case of feeding an inductive load is studied in Chapter 6. The controller introduces a dynamic extension because the stator voltage amplitude is a zero relative degree output. As result, a robust controller, which neither depends on the machine parameters nor on the load values, is obtained.
In Chapter 7 the simulation and the experimental results of the designed controllers for the stand-alone wound rotor synchronous generator are presented. Firstly, a complete description of the bench is provided. It also includes details of the data acquisition stage and the used DSP card. Secondly, the description of the simulation procedure is commented. Then, the simulation and experiments which contains several scenarios, with reference change and load variations evaluated for each controller are presented.
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Chrimes, Dillon. « Stand development and regeneration dynamics of managed uneven-aged Picea abies forests in boreal Sweden / ». Umeå : Dept. of Silviculture, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/s304.pdf.
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Katz, Jonathan L. « A practicability study on the development of a standard, stand-alone computerized contract pricing model for contract pricing and negotiations ». Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA232012.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Hart, E. Neil. Second Reader: Liao, Shu. "June 1990." Description based on signature page. DTIC Identifier(s): Contract pricing model, contract administration, pricing, negotiations, computerized simulation, theses. Author(s) subject terms: Pricing model; contract pricing and negotiations. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115). Also available online.
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VanderSchaaf, Curtis Lee. « Modeling maximum size-density relationships of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations ». Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29489.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Self-thinning quantifies the reduction in tree numbers due to density-dependent mortality. Maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs) are a component of self-thinning that describe the maximum tree density per unit area obtainable for a given average tree size, often quadratic mean diameter (D). An MSDR species boundary line has been defined as a static upper limit of maximum tree density -- D relationships that applies to all stands of a certain species within a particular geographical area. MSDR dynamic thinning lines have been defined as the maximum tree density obtainable within an individual stand for a particular D which have been shown to vary relative to planting density. Results from this study show that differences in boundary levels of individual stands cause the MSDR species boundary line slope estimate to be sensitive to the range of planting densities within the model fitting dataset. Thus, a second MSDR species boundary line was defined whose slope is the average slope of all MSDR dynamic thinning lines. Mixed-models are presented as a statistical method to obtain an estimate of the population average MSDR dynamic thinning line slope.
A common problem when modeling self-thinning is to determine what observations are within generally accepted stages of stand development. Segmented regression is presented as a statistical and less subjective method to determine what observations are within various stages of stand development. Estimates of D and trees per acre (N) where MSDR dynamic thinning lines begin and end on the logarithmic scale were used as response variables and predicted as a function of planting density. Predictions of MSDR dynamic thinning line beginning and ending D and N are used in an alternative MSDR dynamic thinning line slope estimation method. These models show that the maximum value of Reineke's Stand Density Index (SDI) varies relative to planting density.
By relating planting density specific Zone of Imminent Competition Mortality boundaries to a MSDR species boundary line, self-thinning was found not to begin at a constant relative SDI. Thus, planting density specific Density Management Diagrams (DMD) showed that self-thinning began at 40 to 72% for planting densities of 605 and 2722 seedlings per acre, respectively.Ph. D.
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Johansson, Martin, et Andreas Juhlin. « Betydelsen av kreditbedömarens sociala nätverk vid informationsinsamlingen i en liten respektive stor stad ». Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-5389.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Innan ett kreditbeslut kan fattas måste en kreditbedömning utföras och utfallet av denna beror på hur mycket och pålitlig information om företaget som kreditbedömaren har. Beroende på hur bankerna bearbetar den information man har är också en påverkande effekt på hur utfallet kommer att bli. Kreditgivare använder sig utav flera källor i sitt sökande och tolkande av information om det kreditsökande företaget där kreditgivarens sociala nätverk är en av dessa källor. Syftet med denna uppsats var att göra en kvalitativ undersökning för att förklara betydelsen av kreditbedömarens sociala nätverk då han/hon i en liten respektive stor stad samlar in information beträffande utlåning till små och medelstora företag. Undersökningen bestod av två personliga intervjuer och två telefonintervjuer som har utförts på Handelsbankens kontor i Falkenberg och Malmö City. Utifrån vår teori har vi skapat en sammanfattande modell som vi sedan har omarbetat efter det att vi samlat in och analyserat vår empiri. Det samlade resultatet av vår teoretiska och empiriska undersökning visar att en kreditbedömare i en liten stad utnyttjar sitt sociala nätverk i hög utsträckning i syfte att samla in information till kreditbedömningsprocessen. Detta i jämförelse med en stor stad där det sociala nätverket tenderar att inte utnyttjas alls. Undersökningen visar även att det sociala nätverket har betydelse för att generera personinformation som sedan används i kreditbedömningsprocessen samt ge lokal-, marknads- och branschinformation. Vi har även konstaterat att det finns olikheter i vilka utlåningstekniker en kreditbedömare i en liten respektive stor stad lägger störst vikt på.
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Good, Norman Markus. « Methods for estimating the component biomass of a single tree and a stand of trees using variable probability sampling techniques ». Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/37097/1/37097_Good_2001.pdf.
Texte intégralRésumé :
This thesis developed multistage sampling methods for estimating the aggregate biomass of selected tree components, such as leaves, branches, trunk and total, in woodlands in central and western Queensland. To estimate the component biomass of a single tree randomised branch sampling (RBS) and importance sampling (IS) were trialed. RBS and IS were found to reduce the amount of time
and effort to sample tree components in comparison with other standard destructive sampling methods such as ratio sampling, especially when sampling small components such as leaves and small twigs. However, RBS did not estimate leaf and small twig biomass to an acceptable
degree of precision using current methods for creating path selection probabilities. In addition to providing an unbiased estimate of tree component biomass, individual estimates were used for developing allometric regression equations. Equations based on large components
such as total biomass produced narrower confidence intervals than equations developed using
ratio sampling. However, RBS does not estimate small component biomass such as leaves and small wood components with an acceptable degree of precision, and should be mainly used in conjunction with IS for estimating larger component biomass. A whole tree was completely enumerated to set up a sampling space with which RBS could be evaluated under a number of scenarios. To achieve a desired precision, RBS sample size and
branch diameter exponents were varied, and the RBS method was simulated using both analytical and re-sampling methods. It was found that there is a significant amount of natural variation present when relating the biomass of small components to branch diameter, for example. This finding validates earlier decisions to question the efficacy of RBS for estimating small component biomass in eucalypt species. In addition, significant improvements can be made to increase the precision of RBS by increasing the number of samples taken, but more
importantly by varying the exponent used for constructing selection probabilities. To further evaluate RBS on trees with differing growth forms from that enumerated, virtual
trees were generated. These virtual trees were created using L-systems algebra. Decision rules for creating trees were based on easily measurable characteristics that influence a tree's growth and form. These characteristics included; child-to-child and children-to-parent branch diameter relationships, branch length and branch taper. They were modelled using probability
distributions of best fit. By varying the size of a tree and/or the variation in the model describing
tree characteristics; it was possible to simulate the natural variation between trees of similar size
and fonn. By creating visualisations of these trees, it is possible to determine using visual means whether RBS could be effectively applied to particular trees or tree species. Simulation also aided in identifying which characteristics most influenced the precision of RBS, namely, branch length and branch taper. After evaluation of RBS/IS for estimating the component biomass of a single tree, methods for estimating the component biomass of a stand of trees (or plot) were developed and evaluated. A sampling scheme was developed which incorporated both model-based and design-based
biomass estimation methods. This scheme clearly illustrated the strong and weak points
associated with both approaches for estimating plot biomass. Using ratio sampling was more efficient than using RBS/IS in the field, especially for larger tree
components. Probability proportional to size sampling (PPS) -size being the trunk diameter at breast height - generated estimates of component plot biomass that were comparable to those generated using model-based approaches. The research did, however, indicate that PPS is more precise than the use of regression prediction ( allometric) equations for estimating larger components such as trunk or total biomass, and the precision increases in areas of greater biomass. Using more reliable auxiliary information for identifying suitable strata would reduce the amount of within plot variation, thereby increasing precision. PPS had the added advantage
of being unbiased and unhindered by numerous assumptions applicable to the population of interest, the case with a model-based approach. The application of allometric equations in predicting the component biomass of tree species other than that for which the allometric was developed is problematic. Differences in wood density need to be taken into account as well as differences in growth form and within species variability, as outlined in virtual tree simulations. However, the development and application of allometric prediction equations in local species-specific contexts is more desirable than PPS.
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Alskran, Faleh A. « Dynamic modeling and analysis of the three-phase voltage source inverter under stand-alone and grid-tied modes ». Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18220.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Master of ScienceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Behrooz Mirafzal
Increasing energy demand, rising oil prices, and environmental concerns have forced attention to alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly and independent of fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources (RES) have become an attractive alternative to the traditional energy sources for electric power generation. However, one of the main challenges of RES adaption arises when connecting RES to the electric grid. Voltage source inverters (VSIs), typically, connect RES to the electric grid. Similar to any engineering system, detailed dynamic models of the VSIs are needed for design and analysis purposes. However, due to the non-linearity of VSIs, development of dynamic models that can accurately describe their behavior is a complex task. In this thesis, a detailed averaged-state-space model of the two-level three-phase space vector pulse width modulation VSI and its companion LCL filter is derived. Because VSIs can operate under stand-alone and grid-tied modes, two models were derived for each case. In the derived models, the VSI modulation index m and phase angle ϕ are initially considered constant. In practice, however, these parameters are considered the main control parameters. To model these parameters as control inputs, small-signal models of the VSI under stand-alone and grid-tied modes were derived. To verify the accuracy of the developed large-signal and small-signal models, Matlab/Simulink simulations were carried out. The simulation results were compared against the models results. Moreover, the models were verified through lab experiments. The developed models can be used as design and analysis tools. In addition, the developed models can be used as fast and efficient simulation tools for system studies, when the modeling of switching transients is not needed. Nowadays, the number of VSIs connected to the electric grid is growing exponentially. The amount of time and computation needed to simulate VSIs using simulation software packages can be significantly decreased by the use of the developed models.
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Bratthammar, Per-Olof. « From 24 hours traffic to 1 hour traffic - Conversion of Göteborgs Stad Trafikkontorets static traffic model with support of Emme/2 ». Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96185.
Texte intégralRésumé :
Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att konvertera Göteborg Stad Trafikkontorets statiska trafikmodell för dygnstrafik till en timtrafikmodell. Trafikmodellen har använts av Trafikkontoret för att göra analyser och prognoser av Göteborgstrafiken. Trafikkontoret har i detta arbete haft önskningar om att framöver även kunna genomföra analyser runt morgonens maxflödestimma, då belastningen på stadens vägnät är som störst. Arbetet med att utveckla Trafikkontorets trafikmodell har gjorts i Emme/2. Då Trafikkontoret använt sig av VISUM, har dygnsmodellen först fått konverterats till Emme/2-format. Modellen har sedan testats och jämförts med Trafikkontorets VISUM- modell. Det har funnits vissa avvikelser, men i sin helhet har konverteringen till Emme/2-formatet varit lyckad, och har kunnat ligga till grund för en timmodell. För att kunna omvandla dygnsmodellen till en timtrafikmodell har O/D-matrisen anpassas till timtrafik, och som nya V/D-funktioner har Vägverkets TU71-familj valts. Vid anpassningen av modellen till de nya förutsättningarna har Emme/2:s möjligheter till att använda makro utnyttjas. En genomgång av nätverket i kvalitetshöjande syfte har därför genomförts. Resultatet av konverteringen har blivit en medeltimtrafikmodell som motsvaras av den trafikmängd som ges under morgonens maxflödestimma. För att simulera morgonens maxflödestimma måste först ärendematriser införas i modellen, något som inte varit möjligt under projektet. Nätutläggningar med timtrafikmodellen har genomförts och resultaten har jämförts med nätutläggningsresultat från Trafikkontorets VISUM-modell. Detta har gjorts genom att timtrafikmodellens värden justerats upp på ett sätt som möjliggjort jämförelser. Resultaten visar en O/D-matris motsvarande 8 procent av dygnsflödet bäst efterliknar morgonens maxflödestimma. Modellen har bedömts vara värd att arbeta vidare med. I första hand behövs ärendematriser införas, modellen behöver sedan kalibreras och nya V/D-funktionerna från TU06-familjen införas i modellen. Metoder för kalibrering och tips för att arbeta vidare med modellen tas upp i diskussionsavsnittet.
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Martinek, Jan. « Inovace zatěžovacího pracoviště pro elektrické pohony ». Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417573.
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The theses presented proposes an innovation of load test stand for electric drives. It begins with a general overview of load test stand types, their manufacturers and measurement methods in load and no-load situations. Next part analyses current circuit diagram of the load test stand and its risks. This is followed by a proposal for innovation of the circuit diagram which is divided into electrical and control part using current load test stand and its mechanical parts. A wiring diagram is created, the control part is processed by the Logosoft program. The design is evaluated from the safety point of view and modified to meet applicable technical standards.
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Pace, Micah D. « Effect of Stand Density on Behavior of Leaf Area Prediction Models for Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) in Maine ». Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/PaceMD2003.pdf.
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Alkhatib, Wael [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmetz et Steffen [Akademischer Betreuer] Staab. « Semantically Enhanced and Minimally Supervised Models for Ontology Construction, Text Classification, and Document Recommendation / Wael Alkhatib ; Ralf Steinmetz, Steffen Staab ». Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216997691/34.
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Souza, Clariça Cacciamali de. « Modelo de crescimento, com variáveis ambientais, para o ipê felpudo em diferentes espaçamentos ». Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-24112004-094455/.
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O Ipê Felpudo (Zehyera tuberculosa (Vell) Bur) é uma espécie nativa, pioneira que possui um alto potencial silvicultural. Essa está ameaçada de extinção devido ao caráter extrativista e predatório da exploração florestal brasileira. A eliminação de complexos ecossistemas florestais por atividades agrícolas, agropecuárias, madeireiras e industriais tem levado a drásticas reduções da base genética dessa essência. O espaçamento é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento das árvores sob aspectos tecnológicos, silviculturais e econômicos. Esse influencia na morfologia e crescimento das árvores. O espaçamento ótimo é aquele que concorrerá para o maior volume do produto e a qualidade almejada. A modelagem florestal inicia-se no inventário de parcelas permanentes que sofrem remedições, pois as florestas são um sistema biológico que está sempre em mudanças e, necessita-se da projeção destas mudanças para que se possa tomar decisões necessárias a fim de ser executado um manejo adequado nesse ecossistema. As decisões de manejo são baseadas em informações sobre as situações atuais e futuras dos povoamentos.Os objetivos desse trabalho são: analisar um experimento com 6 diferentes espaçamentos; definir um modelo de crescimento para a espécie, em função de variáveis do povoamento e climáticas coletadas na Estação Experimental de Linhares, Espírito Santo.The Ipê Felpudo (Zeyhera tuberculosa (Vell) Bur) is a native and pioneer species, which possesses a high silvicultural potencial. It has been threatened of extinguishing due the intense predatory exraction of the Brazilian forestry exploitation. The elimination of the complex forestry ecosystem for agricultural, farming, lumber and industrial activities has induced to the drastic redutions of its genetic base. Plantation density is one of the most important factor or is the most important factor has a great importance for the development of the trees under technological, sivicultural and economic aspects. It influences in the morphological and trees growth. The excellent plantation density is the one that will concur for the biggest volume of the product and its quality. Forest modeling initiates through the inventory of permanent plots that suffer remeasures, therefore, forests are biological systems that are always changing and requires a projection of theese changes, in order to permit executinge management adjustments in this ecosystem. This decisions are based on information of the current and future situations of the stand. The purposes of this work are: to analyze an experiment with 6 different plantation densities; to define a growth model for this species, with stand and climatic variables, collected in the Experimental Station of Linhares, Espírito Santo.
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OLBY, PER, et STEFAN EKSTRÖM. « En modell för implementering av räddningstjänsten i en urban plattform : En fallstudie på Mälardalens Brand- och Räddningsförbund i utvecklingen mot en smart stad ». Thesis, KTH, Industriell Management, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191102.
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Arbetet undersöker implementeringen av räddningstjänsten i urban plattform i två delar. Det ena delen syftar till att undersöka för att se på vilket sätt den urbana plattformen kan bidra till att utveckla räddningstjänstens verksamhet och på vilket sätt detta kan bidra till smartare städer. Detta studeras genom intervjuer med flera räddningstjänster och myndigheter kopplade till räddningstjänsten i Mälardalsregionen i Sverige. Flera områden inom räddningstjänsten har identifierats som skulle gynnas av en implementering i en urban plattform. Teorier kring smarta städer har kombinerats med de empiriska resultaten för att reflektera kring hur implementeringen av räddningstjänsten skulle bidra till smartare städer. Den andra delen syftar till att ge ett konkret exempel på hur en räddningstjänst kan brytas ned och modelleras för att implementeras i en potentiell urban plattform. I denna del utreds hur Mälardalens brand- och räddningsförbund (MBR) kan brytas ned och modelleras i ABBs styrsystem 800xA. Resultatet är tre strukturer som konkretiserar nedbrytningen och ger ett förslag på hur räddningstjänsten kan implementeras i en urban plattform. Det resoneras också kring hur denna nedbrytning bör förhålla sig till den större kontexten av en stad.This study covers the implementation of fire departments in an urban platform in two parts. The purpose of first part is to examine how the urban platform can help developing the operation of fire departments and how this can contribute to a smart city. This is studied through interviews with different fire departments in the region of Mälardalen, Sweden, and an authority responsible for improving the society’s capabilities of managing emergencies. A number of areas within the fire departments, which an urban platform would improve, have been identified. Literature regarding smart cities have been combined with the empirical findings to discuss how the implementation of fire departments in an urban platform can contribute to a smart city. The purpose of the second part is to provide an example of how a fire department can be divided and modeled for an implementation in a potential urban platform. More precisely, the fire department Mälardalens brand- och räddningsförbund is investigated and modeled for an implementation in ABB’s control system 800xA. The result is three different structures that serve as the foundation for the model and a future implementation in an urban platform. In this part, it is also concluded that a necessary step to ensure an effective model is to relate the modelling to the greater context of a city.
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Radcliffe, Don C. « Topographic, edaphic, and stand structural factors associated with oak and hickory mortality and maple and beech regeneration in mature forests of Appalachian Ohio ». The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555601221988432.
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Suarez-Minguez, Juan Claudio. « An analysis of the consequences of stand variability in sitka spruce plantations in Britain using a combination of airborne LiDAR analysis and models ». Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527225.
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Kopp, Sebastian. « Lika men ändå olika : Analys av hur Göteborgs och Stockholms Stad agerar i frågan om utsatta EU-medborgare ». Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Statsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30965.
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The question concerning vulnerable EU-citizens has been widely debated in Sweden the last few years. Due to unclear legislation and strong municipal self-determination municipalities act differently regarding vulnerable EU-citizens. The purpose for the dissertation is therefore to analyse how Stockholm and Gothenburg City acts and collaborates with non-profit organisations in the question concerning vulnerable EU-citizens and whether the approaches can, according to the theory of territorial governance, be viewed as effective. The dissertation has showed that Gothenburg City has created a common action plan with surrounding municipalities in order to expand their territory. Gothenburg have also signed an IOP-agreement with several non-profit organisations in order for them to act together. The dissertation has showed that an IOP-agreement can be equated to an effective and sustainable partnership. Stockholm City on the other hand has not expanded their territory, since an equivalent interpretation of the law is important to the municipality. No IOP-agreement has been signed and a reason for this could be that the relationship between non-profit organisations in Stockholm City has historically been characterized by competition instead of trust. Due to the complex question concerning vulnerable EU-citizen, new forms of partnership has though been developed in Stockholm City.