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Auteur : Grafiati

Publié le 19 décembre 2023

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1

Shizen kaiwa bunseki e no goyō ronteki apurōchi : BTSJ kōpasu o riyōshite = Pragmatic approaches to the analysis of spontaneous conversations : based on the BTSJ natural conversation corpus. Tōkyō : Hitsuji Shobō, 2020.

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2

Elwood, Patricia Anne. A Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264535.

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3

Regan, Lesley. Miscarriage : What every woman needs to know : a positive new approach. London : Bloomsbury, 1997.

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4

Ash, Bethan. Vibrant quilt collage : A spontaneous approach to fused art quilts. Loveland, Colorado : Interweave Press, 2012.

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Spontaneous happiness : A new approach to achieving optimum mental health. London : Hodder & Stoughton, 2011.

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6

Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care., dir. Physiotherapy management of the spontaneously breathing, acutely breathless, adult patient : A problem solving approach. [Liverpool] : Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care, 1996.

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7

Tral’, Tat’yana, Gulrukhsor Tolibova, Igor Kogan et Anna Olina. Embryo losses. Atlas. ru : Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/978-5-907218-78-9.

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Histologic examination of abortive material is the basic approach to identify the etiology of miscarriage. Morphological diagnostics in case of embryo loss makes it possible to draw up the plan to fully prepare the woman for future pregnancy, whether spontaneous or after fertility treatment, increasing the chance of a favorable outcome. This educational book contains the data from various studies of the endometrium and abortive material undertaken at the Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology. Histology illustrations are supplemented with images of immunohistochemical studies and confocal laser scanning microscopy photos, as well as detailed text descriptions. Images can be viewed in the atlas, with QR codes linking to high-resolution electronic photos. This edition highlights the features of endometrial structural changes related to different modes of conception, the details of assessing abortive material, trophoblast chromosomal abnormalities, anembryony, hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, as well as examination of embryo losses of various origins. The atlas is intended for pathologists, obstetrician-gynecologists and heads of women’s health clinics, perinatal centers, gynecological departments of general hospitals, fertility specialists, clinical laboratory diagnostics specialists, fellows and heads of departments of obstetrics and gynecology, pathological anatomy, students of all forms of continuous medical education, graduate students and clinical residents.

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Hlushko, Stanislav. The System of Theatrical Improvisation : Ukrainian publisher presents the essay "The system of theatrical improvisation,” a result of ten-year experience of actor Stanislav Hlushko in the "Black Square" theater, Kiev. Improvisation by itself is not a novelty. It is known from performances of the antiquity by strolling comedians, Commedia dell'arte performers in Italy... A myth was created that improvisation should be prepared, and there is no other way. In the middle of the last century, Viola Spolin and Keith Johnstone began to develop improvisation techniques… This book describes a fundamentally different approach to improvisation, free of any restrictions. Systematically described are the basic laws of existence of an actor in spontaneous improvisation, fundamentals of improvisational dialogue, structural improvisation, and various playing situations. Kiev, Ukraine : Dmytro Strelbytskyy, 2014.

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9

Methodological approaches in pharmacoepidemiology : Application to spontaneous reporting. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier Science Publishers, 1993.

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10

Kapapa, Thomas, et Ralph König. Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage : Well-Known and New Approaches. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Begaud. Methodological Approaches in Pharmacoepidemiology : Application to Spontaneous Reporting. Elsevier Science & Technology, 1993.

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12

Eifring, Halvor. Spontaneous Thought in Contemplative Traditions. Sous la direction de Kalina Christoff et Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.30.

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For more than two millennia, contemplative traditions across the Eurasian continent have seen spontaneous thought as a distraction that binds the devout to the phenomenal world, clogs the gateway to fundamental aspects of reality, and is used by demons to tempt the pious away from their prayer or meditation. At the same time, many traditions have believed the fruits of contemplative practice to come about spontaneously, rather than as a result of deliberate effort, and they have treated certain aspects of spontaneous thought as helping the process forward. Various traditions have recommended different approaches to spontaneous thought, including active suppression, mindful observation, harmonious regulation, reluctant or wholehearted acceptance, and either gently or forcefully turning one’s attention to the object of meditation or prayer. Specific antidotes have included the recital of sacred texts or mantras, as well as the performance of good deeds, ascetic exercises, or rituals of repentance and confession.

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Northoff, Georg. How Does the Brain’s Spontaneous Activity Generate Our Thoughts ? Sous la direction de Kalina Christoff et Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.9.

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Recent investigations have demonstrated the psychological features (e.g. cognitive, affective, and social) of task-unrelated thoughts, as well as their underlying neural correlates in spontaneous activity, which cover various networks and regions, including the default-mode and central executive networks. Despite impressive progress in recent research, the mechanisms by means of which the brain’s spontaneous activity generates and constitutes thoughts remain unclear. This chapter suggests that the spatiotemporal structure of the brain’s spontaneous activity can integrate both content- and process-based approaches to task-unrelated or spontaneous thought—this amounts to what is described as the “spatiotemporal theory of task-unrelated thought” (STTT). Based on various lines of empirical evidence, the STTT postulates two main spatiotemporal mechanisms, spatiotemporal integration and extension. The STTT provides a novel brain-based spatiotemporal theory of task-unrelated thought that focuses on the brain’s spontaneous activity, including its spatiotemporal structure, which allows integrating content- and process-based approaches.

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Elwood, Patricia. Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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16

Beduneau, Gaëtan, Jean-Christophe M. Richard et Laurent Brochard. Prolonged Respiratory Insufficiency and Ventilator Dependence in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0014.

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The process of separation or weaning from mechanical ventilation can be arbitrarily separated into three categories: (1) simple weaning when patients are separated from the ventilator after the first attempt of unsupported spontaneous breathing. This usually represents slightly more than half of the patients; (2) difficult weaning when up to three attempts or 1 week is necessary to successfully separate the patient from the ventilator; (3) prolonged weaning for the remaining patients. This last group represents between 6 and 20% of the ICU population arriving at the stage of weaning and carries a considerable human and economic cost. A global approach, including measures to optimize psychological status, nutritional support, and sleep, is essential in the management of these patients, and referral to specialized weaning centres may be helpful. Muscle weakness is a very frequent finding in patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation and may be worsened by excessive sedation, prolonged immobilization, and the use of controlled mechanical ventilation modes. It follows that approaches that include sedation sparing, early mobilization, and the transition to spontaneous breathing are likely to be beneficial.

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Steinberg, Aephraim M. Quantum measurements : a modern view for quantum optics experimentalists. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768609.003.0007.

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This chapter introduces the theory and practice of various approaches to measuring quantum systems, focusing on quantum-optical settings, including monitored spontaneous emission, the quantum eraser, and unambiguous state discrimination. Beginning with a review of classical probability and update rules, it explains the motivation for the consideration of density matrices and generalized quantum measurements, treats the connection with decoherence, and goes on to introduce and discuss retrodiction, including ‘interaction-free measurement’, Hardy’s paradox, and ‘weak measurement’.

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Elwood, Patricia. Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing : A Window on the Soul. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Elwood, Patricia. Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing : A Window on the Soul. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Elwood, Patricia. Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing : A Window on the Soul. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Elwood, Patricia. Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing : A Window on the Soul. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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22

Cheyne, Douglas O., et Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Magnetoencephalography and Magnetic Source Imaging. Sous la direction de Andrew C. Papanicolaou. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199764228.013.6.

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This chapter focuses on magnetoencephalography (MEG) used in brain imaging and its use in localizing the brain sources of externally recorded spontaneous activity and stimulus and task –induced activation. The chapter first describes the instruments used for recording the magnetoencephalographic signals and the neurogenesis of these signals. It then considers proposed solutions for the “inverse” problem and describes approaches for MEG source estimation, including a method that specifies only one or many equivalent current dipoles. It also explains the signal source-localizing technique known as beamforming and concluding with a discussion of practical issues in MEG/MSI, with emphasis on those arising in clinical applications of the method.

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23

Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., et Sarah L. Clark. Anticoagulation and Reversal Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0007.

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Management of anticoagulation, is a common practice. This chapter discusses best approaches, heparin choices, and safety issues. Anticoagulation is required in immobilized patients in the neurosciences intensive care unit to prevent deep venous thrombosis and the more consequential pulmonary embolus. There are very few strong indications for anticoagulation in ischemic stroke and exceptions are discussed. Reversal of anticoagulation is also needed in some patients and certainly in patients with recent significant trauma or spontaneous hemorrhages. Current reversal protocols require intravenous vitamin K, fresh-frozen plasma, and more often, prothrombin complex concentrate. Reversal of the effect of the direct oral anticoagulants is more difficult but options are discussed.

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24

Haselow, Alexander. Spontaneous Spoken English : An Integrated Approach to the Emergent Grammar of Speech. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2020.

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Haselow, Alexander. Spontaneous Spoken English : An Integrated Approach to the Emergent Grammar of Speech. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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Haselow, Alexander. Spontaneous Spoken English : An Integrated Approach to the Emergent Grammar of Speech. Cambridge University Press, 2018.

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27

Haselow, Alexander. Spontaneous Spoken English : An Integrated Approach to the Emergent Grammar of Speech. Cambridge University Press, 2017.

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28

Brandeis, Daniel, Sandra K. Loo, Grainne McLoughlin, Hartmut Heinrich et Tobias Banaschewski. Neurophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0009.

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Neurophysiology allows us to understand and modulate the neural mechanisms in ADHD with high time- and/or frequency-resolution. These non-invasive methods include electroencephalographic recordings at rest and during tasks, with spontaneous and event-related oscillations and potentials tracking covert processing and transcranial neuromodulation through magnetic or electric fields. The findings indicate consistent cognitive and neural deficits in ADHD related to impaired attention and deficient inhibition. Advanced signal processing and source imaging methods often converge with other imaging approaches. Neurophysiological findings also reveal considerable heterogeneity in ADHD regarding cognitive, affective, and genetic subtypes. This illustrates the importance of dimensional approaches and of pathophysiological mechanisms partly shared with other disorders. Although several potential neurophysiological markers of ADHD have been considered, a clinical use for individual diagnostics and classification is not supported to date. More research should clarify the clinical potential of multivariate multimodal classification and prediction of treatment outcome to advance individualized treatment.

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29

Metzinger, Thomas. Why Is Mind-Wandering Interesting for Philosophers ? Sous la direction de Kalina Christoff et Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.32.

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This chapter explores points of contact between philosophy of mind and scientific approaches to spontaneous thought. While offering a series of conceptual instruments that might prove helpful for researchers on the empirical research frontier, it begins by asking what the explanandum for theories of mind-wandering is, how one can conceptually individuate single occurrences of this specific target phenomenon, and how one might arrive at a more fine-grained taxonomy. The second half of this contribution sketches some positive proposals as to how one might understand mind-wandering on a conceptual level, namely, as a loss of mental autonomy resulting in involuntary mental behavior, as a highly specific epistemic deficit relating to self-knowledge, and as a discontinuous phenomenological process in which one’s conscious “unit of identification” is switched.

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Rosenblatt, Elizabeth. Peritonitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0032.

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Peritonitis, or inflammation of the serosal membranes lining the abdominal cavity, is used predominately to describe primary peritonitis (spontaneous bacterial peritonitis [SBP]) and secondary peritonitis—two conditions with distinct pathophysiologies that require different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Tertiary peritonitis is characterized by persistent symptoms or signs of infection despite appropriate treatment of primary or secondary peritonitis. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis are at risk for catheter-associated peritonitis, which is sometimes considered an additional category of peritonitis. The most common manifestation of SBP is fever. In addition, patients often endure abdominal pain, general malaise, fatigue, and hepatic encephalopathy. One-third of patients with SBP develop renal dysfunction, which is an independent predictor of mortality. In patients with ascites and high clinical suspicion for infection, empiric antibiotic therapy should be started immediately following blood cultures and diagnostic paracentesis.

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31

Shepherd, Dean A., et Trenton A. Williams. Spontaneous Venturing : An Entrepreneurial Approach to Alleviating Suffering in the Aftermath of a Disaster. MIT Press, 2018.

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Shepherd, Dean A., et Trenton A. Williams. Spontaneous Venturing : An Entrepreneurial Approach to Alleviating Suffering in the Aftermath of a Disaster. MIT Press, 2018.

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Shepherd, Dean A., et Trenton A. Williams. Spontaneous Venturing : An Entrepreneurial Approach to Alleviating Suffering in the Aftermath of a Disaster. MIT Press, 2022.

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Shepherd, Dean A., et Trenton A. Williams. Spontaneous Venturing : An Entrepreneurial Approach to Alleviating Suffering in the Aftermath of a Disaster. The MIT Press, 2019.

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Shepherd, Dean A., et Trenton A. Williams. Spontaneous Venturing : An Entrepreneurial Approach to Alleviating Suffering in the Aftermath of a Disaster. MIT Press, 2018.

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36

Brownstein, Michael. The Habit Stance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190633721.003.0007.

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While it is clear that implicit attitudes are malleable, there is much to learn about the most effective techniques for changing them. This chapter examines three general approaches that increasingly appear to be well supported in both lab-based and field studies. The chapter considers the importance of rote practice, pre-commitment, and context regulation. Each represents a different element of adopting the “habit stance,” a way of cultivating more ethical implicit attitudes—and hence better spontaneous decisions and actions—by treating them as if they were habits. The chapter concludes by considering two kinds of objections. The first is empirical, focusing on the broadness and durability of implicit attitude change interventions. The second is not empirical. It is about the nature of praise, in particular whether the reshaping of one’s attitudes and behavior in the ways the chapter describes counts as a genuine form of ethical self-improvement.

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Seham, Amy. Performing Gender, Race, and Power in Improv Comedy. Sous la direction de George E. Lewis et Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.27.

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As taught by Viola Spolin, Keith Johnstone, and others, improv is a mode of playing that depends on group consensus, through such concepts as “agreement” and “groupmind,” as a basis for the release of individual creativity and the freedom to bypass both internal and external censorship. Improv comedy on stage, however, most often reflects the white, male, heterosexual perspective of its dominant players. This article explores the “spontaneous” performances of gender and race in improv comedy in light of power dynamics that often silence difference and encourage shallow stereotypes. Using Judith Butler’s theories and other approaches, the chapter then discusses improv’s potential for deconstructing gender performance. Detailed analysis of the work of the all-female improv troupe, JANE, reveals the wealth and variety of characters that can be improvised when choices of gesture, voice, and body language are playfully recombined across conventions of gender and sexuality.

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Prasad, Supritha, et Edwin H. Cook. Novel Approaches for Treating Pediatric Psychiatric Disorders. Sous la direction de Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar et Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0067.

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Multifactorial mechanisms, including varying degrees of polygenic risk, contribute to most child onset psychiatric disorders. Methods to better understand the biological impact of inherited low-risk variation are emerging, and these studies may be useful to develop novel treatments for childhood onset psychiatric disorders. In some neurodevelopmental disorders, specifically autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), recurrent spontaneously mutated genes have been identified. This leads to the current focus on individual, high-risk targets (e.g., SHANK3, FMR1, MECP2, CHD8) for development of novel treatments. This chapter summarizes and begins to compare neurobiological data from several distinct single gene disorders as a means to guide further therapeutic development based on overlapping pathways of interest.

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Jones, Pole. Prepare the Best Speaking Engagement : Tips on the Most Ideal Approach to Make an Spontaneous Conversation. Independently Published, 2019.

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Slessarev, Marat V. Controlling arterial gases during spontaneous ventilation : A new approach to in vivo studies of cerebrovascular reactivity. 2006.

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41

Feijoó Rojas, Kerly Jazmín. Applying CLIL approach in Higher Edication. CIDEPRO EDITORIAL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29018/978-9942-823-71-7.

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The realization of this work has been developed with the objective of analyzing the application of the CLIL approach for teaching English with a specific purpose and scaffolding strategies with students from a third level in bilingual secretarial school at the technical university of Babahoyo. This is the main reason that Bilingual secretarial school needs a change in the way to teach a foreign language through CLIL approach which is an exceptional alternative to integrate language and real-life contexts effectively in order to teach a foreign language in a spontaneous way. The main purpose of this volume is to design an intervention proposal based on the CLIL approach with the support of scaffolding strategies in the seventh semester of Bilingual Secretarial School in order to provide teachers a guide to make easier the application of this new teaching approach.

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Kennett, Robin P., et Sidra Aurangzeb. Primary muscle diseases. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0024.

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This chapter on primary muscle diseases explains how analysis of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude, abnormal spontaneous activity on needle electromyography (EMG), and motor unit action potentials (MUAP) characteristics may be used to give an indication of pathophysiological processes, and goes on to describe the combination and distribution of abnormalities that may be expected in the more commonly encountered myopathies. The conditions considered in detail are inflammatory myopathy (including myositis), critical illness myopathy, disorders with myotonia, inherited myopathy (including muscular dystrophy), and endocrine, metabolic and toxic disorders. Each of these has a characteristic combination of CMAP, spontaneous EMG, and MUAP findings, but the systematic approach to clinical neurophysiology as a way of understanding muscle pathophysiology can be used to investigate the myriad of rare myopathies that may be encountered in clinical practice.

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Rajagopalan, Shruti, et Mario J. Rizzo. Austrian Perspectives in Law and Economics. Sous la direction de Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684267.013.021.

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This article describes and analyzes the Austrian approach to law and economics within the context of the law and economics discipline. The important and distinctive feature of the Austrian approach is the emphasis on economic and legal processes. The article focuses on four themes within the Austrian approach to law and economics: the spontaneous origin of legal institutions; the analysis of implications of ignorance, decentralization of knowledge, and static and dynamic uncertainty; the interaction between the changes in legal institutions and the market process and coordination; and entrepreneurship in market and non-market settings.

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Metcalfe, J. S. Entrepreneurship : An Evolutionary Perspective. Sous la direction de Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson et Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0003.

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This article suggests that an evolutionary market perspective provides a powerful framework for bringing the entrepreneur back into economic theory precisely because enterprise is the activity of introducing new activities, production methods and products into an economy. Economic variation is the prerequisite for economic transformation and development and this is why enterprise and the entrepreneur are central components of the evolutionary approach to economics. Indeed, the fundamental historical fact about capitalism is its internal capacity for transformation, and the corresponding transience of the activities and ways of life that it supports within a more slowly evolving set of institutions. Economists have for a long time recognized a capitalist, market economy as a self-organizing system sustaining a spontaneous order; far less well recognized is its capacity for spontaneous transformation, and it is this theme that forms the core of this article.

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Lifshitz, Michael, Eli Sheiner et Laurence J. Kirmayer. Cultural Neurophenomenology of Psychedelic Thought. Sous la direction de Kalina Christoff et Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.4.

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This chapter explores psychedelics as catalysts of spontaneous thought. Classic serotonergic psychedelics such as psilocybin, LSD, and ayahuasca can induce potent alterations in cognition and perception. The chapter reviews research on these substances through the lens of cultural neurophenomenology, which aims to trace how neurobiology and sociocultural factors interact to shape experience. After a decades-long hiatus, the scientific study of psychedelics is rediscovering the potential of these substances to promote creative insight, evoke mystical experiences, and improve clinical outcomes. Moreover, neuroimaging experiments have begun to unravel the influence of psychedelics on large-scale connectivity networks of the human brain. Tapping perspectives from the social sciences, the chapter underscores how culture and context constrain the flexible cognitive states brought about by psychedelics. This integrative approach suggests that seemingly spontaneous psychedelic thought patterns reflect a complex interaction of biological, cognitive, and cultural factors—from pharmacology and brain function to ritual, belief, and expectation.

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Heinen, Christian, et Thomas Kretschmer. Iatrogenic Peripheral Nerve Injury. Sous la direction de Meghan E. Lark, Nasa Fujihara et Kevin C. Chung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190617127.003.0028.

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Iatrogenic nerve lesions are frequently neglected. The chapter stresses the importance of adequate assessment, surgical timing, surgical strategies, follow-up, and results. Using the example of a radial nerve lesion in discontinuity due to osteosynthesis after humeral fracture, the authors describe a typical patient history with delayed presentation, as well as the role of physical examination, electrophysiology, and high-resolution ultrasound in demonstrating substantial nerve damage incompatible with spontaneous recovery. Surgical findings are demonstrated, along with a stepwise approach for nerve reconstruction via sural nerve graft. Clinical approach and surgery for traumatic radial nerve lesions are detailed, as well as general information on iatrogenic nerve lesions.

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Timperley, Jonathan, et Sandeep Hothi. Transient loss of consciousness. Sous la direction de Patrick Davey et David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0039.

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Transient loss of consciousness (TLoC) is characterized by a rapid, transient, and complete loss of consciousness of short duration with spontaneous, complete recovery. Syncope is a specific type of TLoC caused by transient, global, cerebral hypoperfusion. TLoC may be traumatic or non-traumatic. Causes of non-traumatic TLoC include syncope, epilepsy, psychogenic causes, and other, rarer causes. Syncope may be reflex (neurally mediated), due to orthostatic hypotension or to cardiovascular disease. This chapter describes the clinical approach to the patient with transient loss of consciousness.

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Doruff, Sher. She Stuttered. Sous la direction de Benjamin Piekut et George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.18.

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This article traces the lived occurrence of a spontaneous, improvisatory event. Using choreographer Jeanine Durning’s performance ofingingas both a touchstone and a springboard, the affects of spontaneity are transversally mapped through a variety of generative operations. This diagrammatic approach reveals a topology of entangled concepts that convolve to abiogrammatichypothesis on thein situfielding of composition. Concepts such as the quasi-cause, counter-actualization, the concresence of prehensions, middling, stuttering, thermodynamic entropy, proprioception, far from equilibrium states, risk-taking, and machinic autopoiesis are folded into a speculative proposition on the forces that potentially excite an affective event through the practice of improvisational composing.

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Borsboom, Denny. Mental disorders, network models, and dynamical systems. Sous la direction de Kenneth S. Kendler et Josef Parnas. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.003.0011.

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Network approaches have been proposed as an alternative way of thinking about relations between symptoms of mental disorders. Unlike traditional psychometric approaches, network models view these associations as the result of direct interactions between symptoms. Disorders are defined as alternative stable states of a network due to increased connectivity between symptoms. This increased connectivity creates a pattern of reinforcement, so the system can get stuck in a state of prolonged activation. Mental health is defined as the stable state of a weakly connected network. Although symptomatology may be temporarily increased in a healthy network (e.g., due to adverse life events), as the influence of a shock wanes the network will spontaneously return to its healthy state. Strongly connected networks, however, may transition into disordered states upon similar external shocks, and may not naturally recover. Thus, the proposed definitions yield plausible conceptualizations of resilience and vulnerability.

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Sessler, Curtis N., et Katie M. Muzevich. Sedatives and anti-anxiety agents in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0042.

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Sedative and anti-anxiety agents are administered to many mechanically-ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients. While commonly considered supportive care, suboptimal administration of sedatives has been linked to longer duration of mechanical ventilation and longer ICU length of stay. The use of a structured multidisciplinary approach can help improve outcomes. The level of consciousness, as well as the presence and severity of agitation should be routinely evaluated using a validated sedation–agitation scale. The approach to delivery of sedation should be based upon specific goals, particularly mechanical ventilation, while maintaining the lightest possible level of sedation. Selection should be based upon clinical circumstances and patient characteristics, however, when continuous infusion sedation is required, experts suggest using non-benzodiazepine agents. A variety of strategies for sedation management have been demonstrated to be effective in clinical trials including use of protocols, targeting light sedation, preference of analgesics for initial therapy, use of intermittent, rather than continuous drug delivery when possible, and daily interruption of sedation. Finally, light sedation should be linked to performance of spontaneous breathing trials, as well as early mobilization.

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