Bibliographies thématiques / Spontaneous approaches

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Spontaneous approaches »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 19 décembre 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Egorova, Olga Nikolayevna, B. S. Belov et Ю. А. Карпова. « SPONTANEOUS PANNICULITIS : MODERN THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES ». Rheumatology Science and Practice, no 5 (15 octobre 2012) : 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1191.

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de Montjoye, Laurence, Anne Herman, Jean-François Nicolas et Marie Baeck. « Treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria : Immunomodulatory approaches ». Clinical Immunology 190 (mai 2018) : 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.004.

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Sun, Xing, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll et Haiyan Wang. « Spontaneous Ordering of Oxide-Oxide Epitaxial Vertically Aligned Nanocomposite Thin Films ». Annual Review of Materials Research 50, no 1 (1 juillet 2020) : 229–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-091719-112806.

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The emerging field of self-assembled vertically aligned nanocomposite (VAN) thin films effectively enables strain, interface, and microstructure engineering as well as (multi)functional improvements in electric, magnetic, optical, and energy-related properties. Well-ordered or patterned microstructures not only empower VAN thin films with many new functionalities but also enable VAN thin films to be used in nanoscale devices. Comparative ordered devices formed via templating methods suffer from critical drawbacks of processing complexity and potential contamination. Therefore, VAN thin films with spontaneous ordering stand out and display many appealing features for next-generation technological devices, such as electronics, optoelectronics, ultrahigh-density memory systems, photonics, and 3D microbatteries. The spontaneous ordering described in this review contains ordered/patterned structures in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions. In particular, approaches to obtaining spontaneously ordered/patterned structures in-plane are systematically reviewedfrom both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives. Out-of-plane ordering is also discussed in detail. In addition to reviewing the progress of VAN films with spontaneous ordering, this article also highlights some recent developments in spontaneous ordering approaches and proposes future directions.
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LEWIS, S. C. « METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY - APPLICATION TO SPONTANEOUS REPORTING. » Statistics in Medicine 15, no 13 (15 juillet 1996) : 1464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19960715)15:13<1464 ::aid-sim328>3.0.co;2-#.

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Stone, Elizabeth F., Fernanda Carvalho Poyraz et David J. Roh. « Transfusion medicine approaches for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients ». Current Opinion in Critical Care 29, no 2 (avril 2023) : 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcc.0000000000001027.

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Mohamed, Mundhir Said, et Ramadhani Omari Abdalla. « Spontaneous Lumbar Hernia : A Case Report ». Annals of African Surgery 20, no 3 (7 août 2023) : 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aas.v20i3.5.

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Lumbar hernias are rare, and the diagnosis can be easily missed. Acquired lumbar hernias can occur spontaneously; however, they are increasingly being reported due to trauma or flank surgery. A good history and examination can aid in diagnosis with imaging confirming the condition. Hernia repair can be laparoscopic or through open surgical approaches. We report a case of primary spontaneous lumbar hernia which was managed by an open approach to close the defect with retromuscular mesh placement.
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Abd Elaal, Mohammad M., Sahar G. Zaghloul, Hoda Gouda Bakr, Mahmmoud Abdou Ashour, Hoda Abdel-Aziz-El-Hady, Naglaa Ali Khalifa et Ghada E. Amr. « Evaluation of different therapeutic approaches for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ». Arab Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no 2 (juin 2012) : 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2012.06.003.

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YEO, LESLIE Y., et HSUEH-CHIA CHANG. « STATIC AND SPONTANEOUS ELECTROWETTING ». Modern Physics Letters B 19, no 12 (30 mai 2005) : 549–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008542.

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There has been recent renewed interest in electrocapillary and electrowetting phenomena given its potential for microfluidic actuation and manipulation. Different approaches, in which a variety of electrode configurations have been adopted, however, have dominated the developments in this field. These different approaches have given rise to rich and varied behavior, which has often led to some overlap and confusion in the literature. In this article, we delineate the different observations and elucidate the relationship between these phenomena by re-stressing classical concepts and examining their limitations. Particular emphasis is placed on the distinction between static and spontaneous electrowetting. In the former, a static change in the liquid–solid macroscopic contact angle results when a dielectric film-coated planar plate electrode is employed. In the latter, a spontaneous thin fron-t-running electrowetting film is pulled out ahead of the macroscopic drop with the use of planar parallel line electrodes. This dynamically evolving electrowetting film advances much faster than the macroscopic drop itself and behaves in a self-similar manner analogous to gravity spreading films.
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Alvarez, Marlen, Dian Dowling Evans et Paula Tucker. « Spontaneous Pneumothorax ». Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal 45, no 3 (juillet 2023) : 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/tme.0000000000000465.

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The Research to Practice column critiques a current research article and translates the findings, in the context of a case, to a practice change within emergency settings. This article reviews the findings of a randomized controlled trial conducted by A. Theille et al. (2017) comparing the use of needle decompression versus chest tube insertion for management of spontaneous pneumothorax. The study found that use of needle aspiration was safe and effective and was associated with fewer procedure-related complications and significantly shorter hospital stays. The investigators concluded that needle aspiration be used as a first-line, definitive treatment in management of a spontaneous pneumothorax. As emergency providers examine improved and equally effective approaches to care that are associated with less costs and potential complications, needle aspiration offers a beneficial approach and should be shared with patients when discussing treatment options to ensure shared decision making.
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Stepanchenko, K. A., V. H. Marchenko, Yu V. Shmatko et O. B. Bondar. « Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (a literature review) ». Zaporozhye Medical Journal 24, no 2 (4 avril 2022) : 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2022.2.235648.

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The aim of this review is to analyze and summarize the existing evidence regarding the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs due to a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume as a result of its spontaneous leakage and has a variety of clinical and neuroimaging features, sometimes different from CSF hypotension after a lumbar puncture. Anatomical changes in spontaneous CSF leakage are complex and are often associated with structural disorders of the connective tissue, weakness of certain areas of the dura mater and its diverticulosis. One consequence of decreased CSF volume is brain descent. This leads to traction of pain-sensitive brain structures and, therefore, to headaches that are orthostatic or with some orthostatic features. The methods of choice to identify the site of CSF leak are CT-myelography and radioisotope cisternography. Epidural blood patch is the main treatment in most cases. Conclusions. The study on the most informative and minimally invasive methods to locate the site of CSF leak, conservative and surgical methods of treatment efficacy evaluation depending on the etiological factors of spontaneous intracranial hypotension are extremely important and promising scientific fields requiring further research with the development of personalized approaches considering the individual characteristics of each patient.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Courtois, Émeline. « Score de propension en grande dimension et régression pénalisée pour la détection automatisée de signaux en pharmacovigilance Propensity Score-Based Approaches in High Dimension for Pharmacovigilance Signal Detection : an Empirical Comparison on the French Spontaneous Reporting Database New adaptive lasso approaches for variable selection in automated pharmacovigilance signal detection ». Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR009.

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La pharmacovigilance a pour but de détecter le plus précocement possible les effets indésirables des médicaments commercialisés. Elle repose sur l’exploitation de grandes bases de données de notifications spontanées, c’est-à-dire de cas rapportés par des professionnels de santé d’évènements indésirables soupçonnées d’être d’origine médicamenteuse. L’exploitation automatique de ces données pour l’identification de signaux statistiques repose classiquement sur des méthodes de disproportionnalité qui s’appuient sur la forme agrégée des données. Plus récemment, des méthodes basées sur des régressions multiples ont été proposées pour prendre en compte les poly-expositions médicamenteuses. Dans le chapitre 2, nous proposons une méthode basée sur le score de propension en grande dimension (HDPS). Une étude empirique, conduite sur la base de pharmacovigilance française et basée sur un ensemble de référence relatif aux atteintes hépatiques aigues (DILIrank), est réalisée pour comparer les performances de cette méthode (déclinée en 12 modalités) à des méthodes basées sur des régressions pénalisées lasso. Dans ce travail, l’influence de la méthode d’estimation des scores est minime, contrairement à la méthode d’intégration des scores. En particulier, la pondération sur l’HDPS avec des poids matching weights montre de bonnes performances, comparables à celles des méthodes basées sur le lasso. Dans le chapitre 3, nous proposons une méthode basée sur extension du lasso: le lasso adaptatif qui permet d’introduire des pénalités propres à chaque variable via des poids. Nous proposons deux nouveaux poids adaptés aux données de notifications, ainsi que l’utilisation du BIC pour le choix de la valeur de pénalité. Une vaste étude de simulations est réalisée pour comparer les performances de nos propositions à d’autres implémentations du lasso adaptatif, une méthode de disproportionnalité, des méthodes basées sur le lasso et sur l’HDPS. Les méthodes proposées montrent globalement de meilleurs résultats en termes de fausses découvertes et de sensibilité que les méthodes concurrentes. Une étude empirique analogue à celle du chapitre 2 vient compléter l’évaluation. Toutes les méthodes présentées sont implémentées dans le package R « adapt4pv » disponible sur le CRAN. En parallèle des développements méthodologiques sur les notifications spontanées, un intérêt croissant s’est porté autour de l’utilisation des bases médico-administratives pour la détection de signaux en pharmacovigilance. Les efforts de recherche méthodologique dans ce domaine en sont encore à leurs débuts. Dans le chapitre 4, nous explorons des stratégies de détection exploitant les notifications spontanées et l’Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB). Nous évaluons tout d’abord les performances d'une détection sur l'EGB à partir de DILIrank. Puis, nous considérons une détection conduite sur les notifications spontanées basée sur un lasso adaptatif intégrant, au travers de ses poids, l’information relative à l’exposition médicamenteuse d’individus contrôles mesurée dans l'EGB. Dans les deux cas, l’apport des données médico-administratives est difficile à évaluer du fait de la relative faible taille des données de l’EGB
Post-marketing pharmacovigilance aims to detect as early as possible adverse effects of marketed drugs. It relies on large databases of individual case safety reports of adverse events suspected to be drug-induced. Several automated signal detection tools have been developed to mine these large amounts of data in order to highlight suspicious adverse event-drug combinations. Classical signal detection methods are based on disproportionality analyses of counts aggregating patients’ reports. Recently, multiple regression-based methods have been proposed to account for multiple drug exposures. In chapter 2, we propose a signal detection method based on the high-dimensional propensity score (HDPS). An empirical study, conducted on the French pharmacovigilance database with a reference signal set pertaining to drug-induced liver injury (DILIrank), is carried out to compare the performance of this method (in 12 modalities) to methods based on lasso penalized regressions. In this work, the influence of the score estimation method is minimal, unlike the score integration method. In particular, HDPS weighting with matching weights shows good performances, comparable to those of lasso-based methods. In chapter 3, we propose a method based on a lasso extension: the adaptive lasso which allows to introduce specific penalties to each variable through adaptive weights. We propose two new weights adapted to spontaneous reports data, as well as the use of the BIC for the choice of the penalty term. An extensive simulation study is performed to compare the performances of our proposals with other implementations of the adaptive lasso, a disproportionality method, lasso-based methods and HDPS-based methods. The proposed methods show overall better results in terms of false discoveries and sensitivity than competing methods. An empirical study similar to the one conducted in chapter 2 completes the evaluation. All the evaluated methods are implemented in the R package "adapt4pv" available on the CRAN. Alongside to methodological developments in spontaneous reporting, there has been a growing interest in the use of medico-administrative databases for signal detection in pharmacovigilance. Methodological research efforts in this area are to be developed. In chapter 4, we explore detection strategies exploiting spontaneous reports and the national health insurance permanent sample (Echantillon Généraliste des bénéficiaires, EGB). We first evaluate the performance of a detection on the EGB using DILIrank. Then, we consider a detection conducted on spontaneous reports based on an adaptive lasso integrating, through weights, the information related to the drug exposure of a control group measured in the EGB. In both cases, the contribution of medico-administrative data is difficult to evaluate because of the relatively small size of the EGB
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Labriet-Barthélémy, Rachel. « Autismes, musicothérapie et mécanismes laryngés ». Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5199.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer les effets d’un travail principalement vocal en musicothérapie active sur les aspects relationnels d’enfants porteurs de Troubles du Spectre autistique (TSA). Il s’agit également de définir les modalités d’application les plus pertinentes et de dégager quelques principes pour le travail autour de la voix en musicothérapie avec ces enfants. Afin de circonscrire au mieux notre objet, nous nous appuyons sur divers champs disciplinaires tels que la musicothérapie, la psychologie développementale, la musicologie et l'ethnomusicologie, l'anthropologie, la phoniatrie, les neurosciences ou la psychanalyse. À partir d’une première étude exploratoire, nous avons élaboré des couplages gestuelle-voix (GLM) et tenté de repérer quelles en étaient les composantes les plus pertinentes pour générer l’intérêt des enfants. Nous avons gardé les couplages les plus efficients et les avons intégrés à un dispositif de musicothérapie axé sur la voix, les gestes et des jeux rythmiques. Notre étude principale a été réalisée à partir de matériel vidéo clinique recueilli dans le cadre des soins courants en musicothérapie sur une année scolaire. Elle concerne seize enfants porteurs de TSA, âgés de 2 à 8 ans, accueillis en hôpital de jour. À partir des films, nous évaluons les effets des séances de notre dispositif de musicothérapie sur l’évolution des comportements autistiques des enfants accueillis, grâce à la grille d’Évaluation des Comportements Autistiques (ECA-R, Barthélémy, Roux, Adrien et al., 1997). Nous comparons par ailleurs l'impact des propositions vocales associées à une gestuelle (GLM) à celui des activités rythmiques ou des comptines, concernant plus spécifiquement le regard, l’imitation et le partage émotionnel. Dans une troisième étude, nous évaluons les effets des couplages voix-geste sur un jeune enfant autiste non verbal en situation de musicothérapie active individuelle. Dans cette étude, nous réalisons une analyse de films vidéo recueillis dans le cadre des soins courants, et cherchons à évaluer l’évolution des manifestations vocales, des comportements d’approche spontanée et d’évitement de l’enfant. Notre quatrième étude s’intéresse à l’utilisation des couplages voix-geste auprès d’un enfant autiste non verbal et déficient visuel sévère en musicothérapie individuelle. À travers cette étude de cas, nous essayons de comprendre les processus que les couplages GLM permettraient de mettre à l’œuvre. L'ensemble de nos résultats soutiennent l’hypothèse que la voix associée à une co-modalité, telle qu’elle est présentée dans nos couplages GLM, présente un réel intérêt pour travailler la sphère relationnelle avec des enfants porteurs de TSA à partir d’une expérience vocale
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effects of a mainly vocal work in active music therapy on the relational aspects of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). It is also a question of defining the most relevant modalities of application and to draw some principles for the work around voice in music therapy with these children. In order to best circumscribe our object, we rely on various disciplinary fields such as music therapy, developmental psychology, musicology and ethnomusicology, anthropology, phoniatrics, neurosciences or psychoanalysis. On a first exploratory study, we developed gesture-voice coupling (GLM) and tried to identify what were the most relevant components to generate the interest of children. At the end of this step, we found that the laryngeal mechanisms at work in the couplings could be a determining factor. We kept the most efficient couplings and integrated them into a device of music therapy focused on voice, gestures and rhythmic games. Our main study was based on clinical video material collected as part of the current care in music therapy program over a school year. It concerns sixteen children with ASD, aged 2 to 8 years, who were admitted to a day hospital. From the films, we evaluate the impact of the sessions of our music therapy device on the evolution of the autistic behaviors of the children, thanks to the Revised Behavior Summarized Evaluation Scale (BSE-R), (Barthélémy, Roux, Adrien et al., 1997). We also compare the impact of gesture-voice couplings (GLM) with that of rhythmic activities or nursery rhymes, more specifically concerning gaze, imitation and emotional sharing. In a third study, we evaluate the effects of voice-gesture coupling on a young non-verbal autistic child in a situation of individual active music therapy. In this study, we perform an analysis of video films collected as part of routine care, and seek to evaluate the evolution of vocal manifestations, spontaneous approach behaviors and avoidance of the child. Our fourth study focuses on the use of voice-gesture couplings in non-verbal autistic children with severe visual impairment in individual music therapy. Through this case study, we try to understand the processes that GLM couplings would put into action. Overall, our results support the hypothesis that voice associated with co-modality, as presented in our GLM couplings, is of real interest for working in the relational sphere with children with ASD
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Allers, NJ, L. Hay, PJ Schutte, ML Steinmann, Plooy S. du et LH Bohmer. « Long-term effects of a low dosage of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats ». South African Journal of Science, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000779.

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Most studies on the antihypertensive effects of bioflavonoids have reported short-term effects (within 7 weeks) at high concentrations (40–100 mg kg–1 day–1). The present study by contrast has investigated long-term effects of low concentrations of bioflavonoids on arterial blood pressure and left ventricular performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Spontaneously hypertensive rats were divided into a treated (n = 16) and a control (n = 16) group. The treated group received daily a grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) at a concentration of 4mg kg–1day–1over six months. Arterial blood pressure (ABP) was measured once monthly on six randomly selected rats from both groups using an indirect tail-cuff method. After three months, the remaining rats underwent catheterizations to measure left ventricular performance and aortic pressure. The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the effects of GSPE was investigated by blocking NO synthase with N-nitro-Larginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals in the treated group had significantly lower arterial end-diastolic pressures (AEDP) after three months of treatment compared with control animals, and this trend continued until six months. In the treated group, left ventricular systolic pressures (LVSP) were reduced by 16.6% (P = 0.005), their dP/dtmax (left ventricular pressures) were reduced by 19.7% (P = 0.050), and cardiac work was reduced by 22.0% (P = 0.045) at the end of three months. Treatment with L-NAMEsuggested a contribution of NO to the effects of GSPE on blood pressure. A low concentration of GSPE administered over six months lowered AEDP significantly, and the L-NAME response suggested that NO is involved. The decreased AEDP had a lowering effect on left ventricular dynamics of hypertensive rats.
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Merner, Amanda R. « The Role of Working Memory Capacity and Emotion Regulation in Implicit Alcohol-Approach Motivation ». Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1575552616266845.

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Rasch, Vibeke. « Unsafe abortion in Tanzania : an empathetic approach to improve post-abortion quality of care / ». Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-554-9.

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Bergvall, Isabelle. « Barns spontana bildskapande : En pedagogisk aktivitet eller ett tidsfördriv ? » Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28922.

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This study's main purpose is to examine the space children's spontaneous imaging gets in a preschool. I have chosen to focus on two preschool teachers views on their own approach to children's spontaneous imaging and what space they find that it gets in preschool. I have also investigated how this is documented in preschool. As a theoretical approach I adopt Lev S Vygotsky's socio-cultural theories of learning and development. In my essay, I also describe previous studies on children's imaging. I have collected the material through qualitative methods such as interviews of two preschool teachers and through six days of observation divided on two of the preschool departments. The result shows that preschool teachers adult-driven approach characterizes the creative climate of the nursery, which is not particularly allowing in practice, but allowing in theory and preschool teachers thoughts. The preschool teachers approach is significant for how well the child's spontaneous creation capability will be developed or inhibited. Children can come to have a view of his own creation as something insignificant and without meaning if it never followed up in the form of pedagogical documentation or attention. The results also show that children's spontaneous imaging don´t get space in the form of schedule, this is because preschool teachers have a view on the activity as a pastime rather than an educational activity with a clear goal or purpose.
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Camus, Sandrine. « Etho-Psychiatry : animal model to model animal : Identification of a « spontaneous » non-human primate model of depressive symptoms ». Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22032/document.

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Plus de 150 millions de personnes souffrent de troubles dépressifs à travers le monde. Malgré le nombre croissant d’études s’intéressant à la physiopathologie de ce trouble, aucune amélioration majeure concernant ses traitements ou la compréhension des mécanismes biologiques sous-jacents n’a été faite. Bien qu’une prédisposition génétique et des évènements stressants aient été proposés comme facteurs de risque, ni les gènes impliqués ni le fonctionnement des interactions gène x environnement ne sont encore connus. Cela peut s’expliquer par le manque de modèles animaux satisfaisants et par le fossé existant entre les connaissances / méthodes de diagnostic appliquées en recherche clinique et celles disponibles en recherche fondamentale. Des manipulations pharmacologiques, lésionnelles, génétiques ou de l’environnement sont quasi exclusivement utilisées chez le rongeur. Certains primates non-humains (PNH), plus proches de nous sur les plans comportementaux et phylogénétiques, montrent pourtant, comme l’Homme, des modifications comportementales et physiologiques atypiques et spontanées en réponse à des conditions de vie stressantes. Malgré les travaux pionniers et prometteurs d’Harlow et de ses collaborateurs dans les années 60, rares sont les équipes qui étudient la dépression chez le macaque aujourd’hui. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que parmi des grandes populations de PNH captifs, une petite proportion d’individus exprime des comportements atypiques pouvant s’apparenter à des symptômes dépressifs. Mon projet de thèse a eu pour but de proposer une approche novatrice et non invasive d’identification de ces profils « depressive-like » chez le macaque, en combinant les compétences et connaissances de l’éthologie, de la psychiatrie et des neurosciences. L’impact des expériences de vie précoces et de l’espèce a également été abordé. Les comportements, les postures et orientations du corps, les localisations spatiales, les regards et/ou les distances inter-individuelles ont été relevés chez plus de 200 macaques rhésus et cynomolgus d’élevage, nés en captivité ou dans la nature. Des sous-groupes d’individus ont été identifiés à l’aide d’analyses multifactorielles. Dans chaque population observée, un profil « depressive-like » a été mis en évidence par comparaison avec les symptômes décrits dans le Manuel Diagnostique et Statistiques des Troubles Mentaux et avec les modèles animaux existants dans la littérature. La prévalence de ces profils étant supérieure chez les macaques rhésus et chez les animaux nés en captivité, nos résultats concordent avec le rôle suggéré du stress dans l’expression des troubles dépressifs. En plus d’exprimer ce profil comportemental atypique dans leur environnement habituel, les singes « depressive-like » présentaient une réactivité émotionnelle altérée au cours 2 tests comportementaux, associée à des taux élevés de cortisol plasmatique et noradrénaline cérébro-spinale. Pris dans leur ensemble, ces résultats prometteurs confèrent une bonne validité de représentation à notre modèle macaque de symptômes dépressifs. Une caractérisation plus complète de ce modèle est bien sûr nécessaire et pourrait ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives quant à la compréhension de l’étiologie et de la physiopathologie des troubles dépressifs
More than 150 million people worldwide suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD). Although investigations of its pathophysiology have dramatically increased in the last decade, no substantial improvement has been made concerning the treatments and the understanding of its underlying mechanisms. A genetic predisposition and stressful experiences have been acknowledged as risk factors involved in MDD. However, no specific genes have been identified so far and little is known about the gene x environment interactions. This is likely due to the lack of bona fide animal models of depressive-like symptoms. Indeed, there is a huge gap between the knowledge / diagnostic methodology of clinical research and the animal models used in fundamental research, mainly focusing on environmental, pharmacological, lesional or genetic manipulations. Phylogenetically and behaviourally closer to Humans compared to rodents, non-human primates (NHPs) can show spontaneous behavioural and physiological modifications in response to stressful life events. Although promising results had been reported in the 1960’s by the pioneering studies of Harlow and colleagues, the investigation of depressive-like symptoms in macaques are scarce in the current literature. We hypothesize that, among large captive NHP populations, a few individuals will display atypical behaviours that could mimic depressive symptoms. Combining the skills and knowledge of ethology, psychiatry and neurosciences, my PhD project aimed at proposing an innovative non-invasive detection method of such depressive-like profiles. The impact of birth origin and species was questioned as well. Behaviours, body postures, body orientations, spatial location, gaze direction and/or inter-peer distances were collected among more than 200 rhesus and cynomolgus captive- or wild-born farm-bred macaques. Using multifactorial analyses, clusters of individuals displaying distinct behavioural profiles were identified. In each population, a common depressive-like profile was characterised by its similarities with symptoms described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder and with other animal models of depression. The prevalence of such profiles was increased in the rhesus populations and by captive early life experience, corroborating the role of stress in the development of MDD. In addition to expressing depressive-like features in their home cage, these animals displayed higher levels of plasmatic cortisol and cerebrospinal noradrenaline which correlated with a passive emotional reactivity in 2 behavioural paradigms. Altogether these promising results conferred good face validity to our NHP model of depressive-like symptoms. Further characterization of this model is required and might bring new insights to the understanding of MDD pathophysiology and etiology
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He, Yun. « Politeness in contemporary Chinese : a postmodernist analysis of generational variation in the use of compliments and compliment responses ». Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9460.

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There is some evidence from scholarship that politeness norms in China are diversified. I maintain that a study aiming to provide systematic evidence of this would require an approach to politeness phenomena that is able to address such diversity. Drawing upon the insights of recent scholarship on the distinction between the modernist and postmodernist approaches to politeness, I survey relevant literature. I show that many current works on politeness argue that the modernist approach (Lakoff 1973/1975, Brown and Levinson 1987[1978], Leech 1983) generally tends to assume that society is relatively homogeneous with regard to politeness norms. By contrast, I demonstrate that the postmodernist approach to politeness (e.g. Eelen 2001, Mills 2003, Watts 2003) foregrounds the heterogeneity of society and the rich variability of politeness norms within a given culture. I argue that, by using a postmodernist approach to politeness, it is possible to show evidence of differences between groups of the Chinese in their politeness behaviour and the informing norms of politeness. I then explore this issue in depth by focusing on compliments and compliment responses (CRs). I show that studies on these speech acts in Chinese have to date tended to adopt a modernist approach to politeness and often assume a compliment and a CR to be easily identifiable. Moreover, I show that they do not address the heterogeneity of Chinese society and generally assume interactants to be homogeneous in terms of politeness norms that inform compliment and CR behaviours. On this basis, I raise the questions as to whether, by adopting a postmodernist rather than modernist approach, there is empirical evidence that politeness norms informing compliments and CRs vary among the Chinese, and whether these norms correlate with generation. v To this end, by audio-recording both spontaneous naturally occurring conversations and follow-up interviews, I construct a corpus of compliments and CRs generated by two generations of the Chinese brought up before and after the launch of China's reform. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of these data show that there is variation in compliment and CR behaviours in Chinese and the informing politeness norms. Furthermore, the result shows that this variation is correlated with generation. I then show how, by using a research methodology which emphasizes the interactants' perceptions obtained through follow-up interviews, my study brings to light problems with previous studies on compliments and CRs which hitherto are not addressed. By showing evidence that compliments and CRs are not as easy to identify as many previous researchers have indicated. I argue that my emic approach to data analysis provides a useful perspective on the complexity of intention in studies on speech acts and perhaps beyond. My study, therefore, makes an interesting contribution to the debate over this notion central to politeness research. Moreover, I argue my methodology which is able to categorize and analyze data according to participants' self-reported perceptions allows me to draw out differences in the two generations' compliment and CR behaviours and the informing politeness norms.
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Kurumada, Kenichi. « Static and Dynamic Aspects of Spontaneously Formed Mesoscopic Structure in Amphiphile-Concentrated Microemulsions - Approaches from Experimentally Obtained Static and Dynamic Behavior ». Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181303.

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Christie, Colin Michael. « Speaking spontaneously : an examination of the University of Cumbria approach to the teaching of modern foreign languages ». Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020642/.

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Communicative Language Teaching in the modem foreign languages (MFL) curriculum in English schools has become the norm and yet is relatively under-theorised. This thesis sets out to explore through an in-depth case study of one school, the theory and practice of a model of CLT developed by the University of Cumbria. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) in English secondary schools typically involves pupils learning to communicate around set topics, for example 'holidays.' Activities such as role plays and listening exercises focus on this topic language. However, despite this communicative focus, studies have shown pupils lack confidence, creativity and spontaneity in speaking and interacting in the target language. Modem foreign languages lessons which employ the University of Cumbria Approach (UCA) immediately strike the observer as being different. The teacher and pupils speak the target language almost exclusively, with constant interaction in the target language. Lessons feature songs, mimes, a team competition, and competitive activities and are well-paced and dynamic. More traditional lessons may feature these, but rarely together. This study set out to identify if the UCA had a unique combination of features, through transcription and analysis of lesson observations and interviews with pupils and teachers. The most striking feature of the lessons was pupils' use of the target language: spontaneous, fluent, playful, argumentative, often not about the lesson's focus but about apparently trivial matters. Pupils clearly had things they wanted to communicate in the here and now. The first central conclusion of this study is that pupils were beginning to engage in spontaneous, unpredictable, real-time conversation in the classroom. The second main conclusion is that the teacher is key in creating the conditions for this to happen. She promotes and facilitates this conversation through management of both the target language and the creation of a communicative classroom context. Finally, it is argued that the DCA is unique in that it is a form of CLT which combines product (pupils learn the target language) with process (pupils engage in spontaneous, interactive communication). The two combine to create a rich and dynamic learning experience.
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Livres sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Shizen kaiwa bunseki e no goyō ronteki apurōchi : BTSJ kōpasu o riyōshite = Pragmatic approaches to the analysis of spontaneous conversations : based on the BTSJ natural conversation corpus. Tōkyō : Hitsuji Shobō, 2020.

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Elwood, Patricia Anne. A Jungian Approach to Spontaneous Drawing. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264535.

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Regan, Lesley. Miscarriage : What every woman needs to know : a positive new approach. London : Bloomsbury, 1997.

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Ash, Bethan. Vibrant quilt collage : A spontaneous approach to fused art quilts. Loveland, Colorado : Interweave Press, 2012.

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Spontaneous happiness : A new approach to achieving optimum mental health. London : Hodder & Stoughton, 2011.

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Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care., dir. Physiotherapy management of the spontaneously breathing, acutely breathless, adult patient : A problem solving approach. [Liverpool] : Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care, 1996.

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Tral’, Tat’yana, Gulrukhsor Tolibova, Igor Kogan et Anna Olina. Embryo losses. Atlas. ru : Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/978-5-907218-78-9.

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Histologic examination of abortive material is the basic approach to identify the etiology of miscarriage. Morphological diagnostics in case of embryo loss makes it possible to draw up the plan to fully prepare the woman for future pregnancy, whether spontaneous or after fertility treatment, increasing the chance of a favorable outcome. This educational book contains the data from various studies of the endometrium and abortive material undertaken at the Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology. Histology illustrations are supplemented with images of immunohistochemical studies and confocal laser scanning microscopy photos, as well as detailed text descriptions. Images can be viewed in the atlas, with QR codes linking to high-resolution electronic photos. This edition highlights the features of endometrial structural changes related to different modes of conception, the details of assessing abortive material, trophoblast chromosomal abnormalities, anembryony, hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, as well as examination of embryo losses of various origins. The atlas is intended for pathologists, obstetrician-gynecologists and heads of women’s health clinics, perinatal centers, gynecological departments of general hospitals, fertility specialists, clinical laboratory diagnostics specialists, fellows and heads of departments of obstetrics and gynecology, pathological anatomy, students of all forms of continuous medical education, graduate students and clinical residents.
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Hlushko, Stanislav. The System of Theatrical Improvisation : Ukrainian publisher presents the essay "The system of theatrical improvisation,” a result of ten-year experience of actor Stanislav Hlushko in the "Black Square" theater, Kiev. Improvisation by itself is not a novelty. It is known from performances of the antiquity by strolling comedians, Commedia dell'arte performers in Italy... A myth was created that improvisation should be prepared, and there is no other way. In the middle of the last century, Viola Spolin and Keith Johnstone began to develop improvisation techniques… This book describes a fundamentally different approach to improvisation, free of any restrictions. Systematically described are the basic laws of existence of an actor in spontaneous improvisation, fundamentals of improvisational dialogue, structural improvisation, and various playing situations. Kiev, Ukraine : Dmytro Strelbytskyy, 2014.

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Methodological approaches in pharmacoepidemiology : Application to spontaneous reporting. Amsterdam, Netherlands : Elsevier Science Publishers, 1993.

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Kapapa, Thomas, et Ralph König. Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhage : Well-Known and New Approaches. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.

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Chapitres de livres sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Bertino, Elisa. « Data Trustworthiness—Approaches and Research Challenges ». Dans Data Privacy Management, Autonomous Spontaneous Security, and Security Assurance, 17–25. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17016-9_2.

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Aoki, Daisuke, Hideyuki Otsuka et Toshikazu Takata. « Cyclic Polymers Synthesized by Spontaneous Selective Cyclization Approaches ». Dans Topological Polymer Chemistry, 319–34. Singapore : Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6807-4_20.

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Dini, Gianluca, Fabio Martinelli, Ilaria Matteucci, Andrea Saracino et Daniele Sgandurra. « Introducing Probabilities in Contract-Based Approaches for Mobile Application Security ». Dans Data Privacy Management and Autonomous Spontaneous Security, 284–99. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54568-9_18.

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Kotsifas, Dimitrios. « Prosody and emotion in Greek : Evidence from spontaneous-speech corpora analysis ». Dans Linguistic Approaches to Emotions in Context, 231–50. Amsterdam : John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.241.14kot.

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Schumann, Svantje. « Investigating Experiences of Nature : Challenges and Case-Analytical Approaches ». Dans High-Quality Outdoor Learning, 349–65. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04108-2_20.

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AbstractBased on methodological considerations with regard to the challenges which arise with the analysis of the potentials of nature experience, a case study is examined: the excursion of a teacher with her second grade class to an industrial wasteland. The aim is to learn about plants there. The case study shows that the teacher basically has a positive attitude towards research, has a good perception of the children’s learning processes and is very clearly aware of the educational value of emotional, social and aesthetic experiences. In addition, she succeeds in responding to the needs of the children and the external circumstances in a spontaneous and appropriate, context-dependent manner. Interestingly, however, she ‘hides’ behind ‘common’ constructs (e.g. the ‘increase in knowledge’) in her argumentation regarding the format of nature experience. The most plausible assumption and thus hypothesis is that the teacher doubts the acceptance or the significance of her conception of learning. Finally, I present the arguments for the potentials of nature experiences for personal development. In addition, I show how important it is that the schools promote real-life encounters with natural phenomena. This enables authentic personal development and counteracts forces currently at work that lead to a decline in real-life experiences in nature.
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López-de-Ipiña, Karmele, Jesús B. Alonso, Nora Barroso, Marcos Faundez-Zanuy, Miriam Ecay, Jordi Solé-Casals, Carlos M. Travieso, Ainara Estanga et Aitzol Ezeiza. « New Approaches for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis Based on Automatic Spontaneous Speech Analysis and Emotional Temperature ». Dans Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 407–14. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35395-6_55.

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Bellavista, Paolo, et Carlo Giannelli. « Internet Connectivity Sharing in Multi-path Spontaneous Networks : Comparing and Integrating Network- and Application-Layer Approaches ». Dans Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 84–99. Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17758-3_7.

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Brink, Nicholas E. « Spontaneous Trance ». Dans Applying the Constructivist Approach to Cognitive Therapy, 30–40. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. : Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429397714-3.

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Rey, Emmanuel, Martine Laprise et Sophie Lufkin. « Urban Brownfield Regeneration Projects : Complexities and Issues ». Dans Neighbourhoods in Transition, 65–76. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82208-8_4.

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AbstractBecause of urban brownfields’ inherent complexity related to their very nature, as well as their intermediate scale—the neighbourhood—regeneration projects are not a spontaneous process. Indeed, an urban brownfield regeneration project may encounter several issues, which can be obstacles, barriers, or resistance, that we classify in four types: sociocultural barriers, governance involved by the multiplication of actors, legal and regulatory constraints, and deterrent costs. While these issues contribute in turn to complexify brownfield regeneration projects, they are not insurmountable. Finally, to overcome urban brownfield regeneration projects’ complexities and issues, we argue that there is a need to implement real project dynamics. To this end, we provide four potential approaches to foster the creative development of tailored solutions.
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Krafft, Christoph, et Jürgen Popp. « Combination of Spontaneous and Coherent Raman Scattering Approaches with Other Spectroscopic Modalities for Molecular Multi-contrast Cancer Diagnosis ». Dans Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Cancer, 325–58. Cham : Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44594-2_9.

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Actes de conférences sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Li, Chuyuan, Maxime Amblard, Chloé Braud, Caroline Demily, Nicolas Franck et Michel Musiol. « Investigating non lexical markers of the language of schizophrenia in spontaneous conversations ». Dans Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Approaches to Discourse. Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.codi-main.3.

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López Cortez, S. Magalí, et Cassandra L. Jacobs. « The distribution of discourse relations within and across turns in spontaneous conversation ». Dans Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Discourse (CODI 2023). Stroudsburg, PA, USA : Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.codi-1.21.

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Matsubara, Yoshitomo, Haruhiko Nishimura, Toshiharu Samura, Hiroyuki Yoshimoto et Ryohei Tanimoto. « Screen Unlocking by Spontaneous Flick Reactions with One-Class Classification Approaches ». Dans 2016 15th IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmla.2016.0134.

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Hartmann, Francis X., S. R. Rotman et K. K. Garcia. « Symmetry approach to coherence in spontaneous nuclear decay ». Dans OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1987.tus7.

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The possibility of exploiting the dynamic electron-nucleus interaction to create a nuclear population inversion in a short-lifetime excited state has been discussed,1 and work on some models incorporating nonlinear or nonperturbative approaches continues. In addition, there is also recent interest in the question of whether the superradiant effect is observable in nuclear gamma transitions from such an inversion.2 Here we examine the symmetry effect which leads to the N or N2 dependence of enhanced spontaneous emission described by Dicke in boson fields as applied to nuclear transitions. Recent laser approaches treating nuclear superradiance as a transient laser pulse involving stimulated emission do not examine that symmetry. A classification scheme based on the unitary and permutation groups is used to describe basic decay rate characteristics, spatial dependence of the cooperation number, and multilevel effects in the short-wavelength regime.
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Carnot, Nicolas, Marion Dupuis, Sandrine Pontier, Florian Laborde, Laurent Brouchet et Alain Didier. « Different approaches of chest drainage in the management of the primary spontaneous pneumothoraces ». Dans ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa1968.

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Jantscheff, Peter, Janette Beshay, Thomas Lemarchand, Cynthia Obodozie, Christoph Schaechtele et Holger Weber. « Abstract 1156 : New spontaneous and carcinogen-induced mouse-derived isograft (MDI) tumor models for immune therapeutic approaches ». Dans Proceedings : AACR Annual Meeting 2018 ; April 14-18, 2018 ; Chicago, IL. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1156.

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Adachihara, H., D. W. McLaughlin, A. C. Newell, A. Quarzedinni et J. V. Moloney. « Spontaneous Spatial Symmetry Breaking in Passive Nonlinear Optical Feedback Systems ». Dans Optical Bistability. Washington, D.C. : Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/obi.1988.thd.8.

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In an earlier paper [1] we derived a formula describing a modulational instability on the plane or quasi-plane wave background of the field in a passive nonlinear optical ring cavity. This formula was applied to the specific case of the eigenvalue of the linearization of the fixed point going through -1 signifying a period doubling bifurcation. The Ikeda plane wave instability analysis was shown to be invalid, indicating that such fixed points are unstable to transverse fluctuations. We will show that this formula is universally applicable to feedback systems exhibiting strong nonlinear dispersion. We recover, as a special case, the recent mean field result of Lugiato et al. [2] in the case where the above eigenvalue approaches +1, signifying a saddle-node bifurcation. The modulational instability is of widespread occurrence even in situations where the plane wave solution (K T = 0) is strongly damped. It explains the occurrence of upper bistable branch solitary wavetrains [3] and shows that the dynamical switching from a low to high transmission state with transverse spatial rings occurs via nonlinear generation of higher harmonics in K T space.
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Singh, Ankur, Shalu Suri, Ted T. Lee, Jamie M. Chilton, Steve L. Stice, Hang Lu, Todd C. McDevitt et Andrés J. Garcia. « Adhesive Signature-Based, Label-Free Isolation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells ». Dans ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80044.

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Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from fibroblasts and other somatic cells represents a highly promising strategy to produce auto- and allo-genic cell sources for therapeutic approaches as well as novel models of human development and disease1. Reprogramming protocols involve transduction of the Yamanaka factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc into the parental somatic cells, followed by culturing the transduced cells on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) or human fibroblast feeder layers, and subsequent mechanical dissociation of pluripotent cell-like colonies for propagation on feeder layers1, 2. The presence of residual parental and feeder-layer cells introduces experimental variability, pathogenic contamination, and promotes immunogenicity3. Similar to human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), reprogrammed hiPSCs suffer from the unavoidable problem of spontaneous differentiation due to sub-optimal feeder cultures4, growth factors5, and the feeder-free substrate6. Spontaneously differentiated (SD)-hiPSCs display reduced pluripotency and often contaminate hiPSC cultures, resulting in overgrowth of cultures and compromising the quality of residual pluripotent stem cells5. Therefore, the ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate undifferentiated hiPSCs from the parental somatic cells, feeder-layer cells, and spontaneously differentiated cells is a crucial step that remains a bottleneck in all human pluripotent stem cell research.
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Kalugina, Vera, L. Namazova-Baranova, E. Vishneva, P. Arimova et L. Aslamazyan. « 146 The long-term monitoring and analysis of outcomes of different approaches to the management of chronic spontaneous in adolescents ». Dans 10th Europaediatrics Congress, Zagreb, Croatia, 7–9 October 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-europaediatrics.146.

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Brindöpke, Christel, Gernot A. Fink et Franz Kummert. « A comparative study of HMM-based approaches for the automatic recognition of perceptually relevant aspects of spontaneous German speech melody ». Dans 6th European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech 1999). ISCA : ISCA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/eurospeech.1999-171.

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Rapports d'organisations sur le sujet "Spontaneous approaches"

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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly et al. Prehospital Airway Management : A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), juin 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.

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Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Shukla, Manoj K., Luidmyla K. Sviatenko, Sergly I. Okovytyy, Danuta Leszczynska et Jerzy Leszczynski. Catalytic Role of Solvated Electron in the Spontaneous Degradation of Insensitive Munition Compounds : Computational Chemistry Investigation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), juillet 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41122.

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The DNAN (2,4-dinitroanisole), NTO (3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one), and NQ (nitroguanidine) are important insensitive energetic materials used in military applications. They may find their way to the environment during manufacturing, transportation, storage, training, and disposal. A detailed investigation of possible mechanisms for self-degradation of radical-anions formed by addition of solvated electron to DNAN, NTO, and NQ species was performed by computational study using the PCM(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) approach. Obtained results suggest that only NQ radical-anion is able for self-degradation by elimination of nitrite anion. Formation of urea radical on the earlier stage of the NQ radical-anion degradation was also predicted.
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Crisosto, Carlos, Susan Lurie, Haya Friedman, Ebenezer Ogundiwin, Cameron Peace et George Manganaris. Biological Systems Approach to Developing Mealiness-free Peach and Nectarine Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7592650.bard.

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Peach and nectarine production worldwide is increasing; however consumption is flat or declining because of the inconsistent eating quality experienced by consumers. The main factor for this inconsistent quality is mealiness or woolliness, a form of chilling injury that develops following shipping periods in the global fruit market today. Our research groups have devised various postharvest methods to prolong storage life, including controlled atmosphere and delayed storage; however, these treatments only delay mealiness. Mealiness texture results from disruption of the normal ripening process involving disassembly of cell wall material, and creates a soft fruit texture that is dry and grainy instead of juicy and smooth. Solving this problem is a prerequisite for increasing the demand for fresh peach and nectarine. Two approaches were used to reveal genes and their associated biochemical processes that can confer resistance to mealiness or wooliness. At the Volcani Center, Israel, a nectarine cultivar and the peach cultivar (isogenetic materials) from which the nectarine cultivar spontaneously arose, and at the Kearney Agricultural Center of UC Davis, USA, a peach population that segregates for quantitative resistance to mealiness was used for dissecting the genetic components of mealiness development. During our project we have conducted research integrating the information from phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression studies, proposed possible candidate genes and SNPs-QTLs mapping that are involved in reducing peach mealiness susceptibility. Numerous genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and its signal transduction, cell wall structure and metabolism, stress response, different transcription factor families were detected as being differentially accumulated in the cold-treated samples of these sensitive and less sensitive genotypes. The ability to produce ethylene and keep active genes involved in ethylene signaling, GTP-binding protein, EIN-3 binding protein and an ethylene receptor and activation of ethyleneresponsive fruit ripening genes during cold storage provided greater resistance to CI. Interestingly, in the functional category of genes differentially expressed at harvest, less chilling sensitive cultivar had more genes in categories related to antioxidant and heat sock proteins/chaperones that may help fruit to adapt to low temperature stress. The specific objectives of the proposed research were to: characterize the phenotypes and cell wall components of the two resistant systems in response to mealiness- inducing conditions; identify commonalities and specific differences in cell wall proteins and the transcriptome that are associated with low mealiness incidence; integrate the information from phenotypic, biochemical, and gene expression studies to identify candidate genes that are involved in reducing mealiness susceptibility; locate these genes in the Prunus genome; and associate the genes with genomic regions conferring quantitative genetic variation for mealiness resistance. By doing this we will locate genetic markers for mealiness development, essential tools for selection of mealiness resistant peach lines with improved fruit storability and quality. In our research, QTLs have been located in our peach SNPs map, and proposed candidate genes obtained from the integrated result of phenotypic, biochemical and gene expression analysis are being identified in our QTLs as an approach searching for consistent assistant markers for peach breeding programs.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, février 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.

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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.
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Drury, J., S. Arias, T. Au-Yeung, D. Barr, L. Bell, T. Butler, H. Carter et al. Public behaviour in response to perceived hostile threats : an evidence base and guide for practitioners and policymakers. University of Sussex, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/vjvt7448.

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Background: Public behaviour and the new hostile threats • Civil contingencies planning and preparedness for hostile threats requires accurate and up to date knowledge about how the public might behave in relation to such incidents. Inaccurate understandings of public behaviour can lead to dangerous and counterproductive practices and policies. • There is consistent evidence across both hostile threats and other kinds of emergencies and disasters that significant numbers of those affected give each other support, cooperate, and otherwise interact socially within the incident itself. • In emergency incidents, competition among those affected occurs in only limited situations, and loss of behavioural control is rare. • Spontaneous cooperation among the public in emergency incidents, based on either social capital or emergent social identity, is a crucial part of civil contingencies planning. • There has been relatively little research on public behaviour in response to the new hostile threats of the past ten years, however. • The programme of work summarized in this briefing document came about in response to a wave of false alarm flight incidents in the 2010s, linked to the new hostile threats (i.e., marauding terrorist attacks). • By using a combination of archive data for incidents in Great Britain 2010-2019, interviews, video data analysis, and controlled experiments using virtual reality technology, we were able to examine experiences, measure behaviour, and test hypotheses about underlying psychological mechanisms in both false alarms and public interventions against a hostile threat. Re-visiting the relationship between false alarms and crowd disasters • The Bethnal Green tube disaster of 1943, in which 173 people died, has historically been used to suggest that (mis)perceived hostile threats can lead to uncontrolled ‘stampedes’. • Re-analysis of witness statements suggests that public fears of Germany bombs were realistic rather than unreasonable, and that flight behaviour was socially structured rather than uncontrolled. • Evidence for a causal link between the flight of the crowd and the fatal crowd collapse is weak at best. • Altogether, the analysis suggests the importance of examining people’s beliefs about context to understand when they might interpret ambiguous signals as a hostile threat, and that. Tthe concepts of norms and relationships offer better ways to explain such incidents than ‘mass panic’. Why false alarms occur • The wider context of terrorist threat provides a framing for the public’s perception of signals as evidence of hostile threats. In particular, the magnitude of recent psychologically relevant terrorist attacks predicts likelihood of false alarm flight incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in those towns and cities that have seen genuine terrorist incidents. • False alarms in Great Britain are more likely to occur in the types of location where terrorist attacks happen, such as shopping areass, transport hubs, and other crowded places. • The urgent or flight behaviour of other people (including the emergency services) influences public perceptions that there is a hostile threat, particularly in situations of greater ambiguity, and particularly when these other people are ingroup. • High profile tweets suggesting a hostile threat, including from the police, have been associated with the size and scale of false alarm responses. • In most cases, it is a combination of factors – context, others’ behaviour, communications – that leads people to flee. A false alarm tends not to be sudden or impulsive, and often follows an initial phase of discounting threat – as with many genuine emergencies. 2.4 How the public behave in false alarm flight incidents • Even in those false alarm incidents where there is urgent flight, there are also other behaviours than running, including ignoring the ‘threat’, and walking away. • Injuries occur but recorded injuries are relatively uncommon. • Hiding is a common behaviour. In our evidence, this was facilitated by orders from police and offers from people staff in shops and other premises. • Supportive behaviours are common, including informational and emotional support. • Members of the public often cooperate with the emergency services and comply with their orders but also question instructions when the rationale is unclear. • Pushing, trampling and other competitive behaviour can occur,s but only in restricted situations and briefly. • At the Oxford Street Black Friday 2017 false alarm, rather than an overall sense of unity across the crowd, camaraderie existed only in pockets. This was likely due to the lack of a sense of common fate or reference point across the incident; the fragmented experience would have hindered the development of a shared social identity across the crowd. • Large and high profile false alarm incidents may be associated with significant levels of distress and even humiliation among those members of the public affected, both at the time and in the aftermath, as the rest of society reflects and comments on the incident. Public behaviour in response to visible marauding attackers • Spontaneous, coordinated public responses to marauding bladed attacks have been observed on a number of occasions. • Close examination of marauding bladed attacks suggests that members of the public engage in a wide variety of behaviours, not just flight. • Members of the public responding to marauding bladed attacks adopt a variety of complementary roles. These, that may include defending, communicating, first aid, recruiting others, marshalling, negotiating, risk assessment, and evidence gathering. Recommendations for practitioners and policymakers • Embed the psychology of public behaviour in emergencies in your training and guidance. • Continue to inform the public and promote public awareness where there is an increased threat. • Build long-term relations with the public to achieve trust and influence in emergency preparedness. • Use a unifying language and supportive forms of communication to enhance unity both within the crowd and between the crowd and the authorities. • Authorities and responders should take a reflexive approach to their responses to possible hostile threats, by reflecting upon how their actions might be perceived by the public and impact (positively and negatively) upon public behaviour. • To give emotional support, prioritize informative and actionable risk and crisis communication over emotional reassurances. • Provide first aid kits in transport infrastructures to enable some members of the public more effectively to act as zero responders.
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Steffenson, B. J., I. Mayrose, Gary J. Muehlbauer et A. Sharon. ing and comparative sequence analysis of powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley. Israel : United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134173.bard.

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Our overall, long-term goal is to exploit the genetic diversity present in cereal wild relatives for the development of cultivars with durable disease resistance. Our specific objectives for this proposal were to: 1) Utilize Association Genetics Resistance Gene Enrichment Sequencing (AgRenSeq) to identify and clone powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance gene complements in wild barley and 2) Conduct comparative sequence analyses of the cloned resistance genes to elucidate the basis of their specificity and evolution. The deployment of resistant cultivars is the most effective, economically efficient, and environmentally sound means of controlling plant diseases, especially in small grain cereals. The systems selected for study in this proposal are barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare, Hvv), its wild progenitor (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum, Hvs) and the powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei, Bgs) and leaf rust (Puccinia hordei, Ph) pathogens. We compiled a diverse panel of Hvs accessions (the Wild Barley Diversity Collection or WBDC; N = 314) from across its native range and evaluated it to 40 isolates of Bgs and 12 isolates of Ph. We obtained genomic DNA sequences enriched for Nucleotide Binding Site-Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) type resistance genes for 203 WBDC accessions, plus cultivar Morex for which the first reference genome sequence of barley was based. We assembled the 250 bp Illumina sequencing reads into contigs using CLC assembly cell. From this effort, we successfully assembled the sequences of 201 WBDC accessions plus Morex and used NLR Parser to identify contigs containing NLR genes. AgRenSeq was then used to identify k-mers (short oligonucleotide sequences of length k) that were associated with resistance to each isolate of the two pathogens. This analysis was performed individually for all WBDC accessions and each individual pathogen race (9,898 host accession x pathogen race combinations). We visualized the results from these analyses in Manhattan plots and identified 311 and 144 peaks for powdery mildew and leaf rust resistance, respectively. The next step in the analysis was to identify the contigs associated with the peaks in the Manhattan plots. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) searches were employed to identify closely related contigs in other WBDC accessions or in Morex. We identified two candidate R genes that were only present in resistant WBDC accessions. One of these was present in seven WBDC lines and was associated with resistance to four leaf rust isolates. BLAST analysis of this gene revealed that it was Rph15, one of the most widely effective leaf rust resistance genes reported in Hordeum. This gene was cloned and functionally validated in association with our Australian colleagues (Cheng et al., 2021). We are currently in the process of cloning six of other resistance genes: four for powdery mildew and two for leaf rust. As the contigs do not contain much of the promoter sequences, we have employed a genome walking approach to identify 2,500 bp of promoter sequence. To speed up and simplify the cloning of resistance genes from the WBDC, the PI established the International Wild Barley Sequencing Consortium (IWBSC; https://iwbsc.umn.edu/) comprised of over 60 researchers from 14 different countries and raised over $150,000 through crowdfunding to pay for 10X depth sequence coverage. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) of whole genome sequencing (WGS) data identified extremely strong and clear signals of association for several resistance genes which will facilitate gene cloning in concert with a wild barley pan-genome currently under construction. The cloning of multiple resistance gene can facilitate the development of durably resistant cultivars by inserting, through transgenesis, cassettes of multiple resistance genes.
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