Bibliographies thématiques / Spectrotemporal shaping

Littérature scientifique sur le sujet « Spectrotemporal shaping »

Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 10 mars 2023

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Articles de revues sur le sujet "Spectrotemporal shaping"

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Fan, Linran, Chang-Ling Zou, Na Zhu et Hong X. Tang. « Spectrotemporal shaping of itinerant photons via distributed nanomechanics ». Nature Photonics 13, no 5 (11 mars 2019) : 323–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41566-019-0375-9.

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Thompson, Jason V., James M. Jeanne et Timothy Q. Gentner. « Local inhibition modulates learning-dependent song encoding in the songbird auditory cortex ». Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no 3 (1 février 2013) : 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00262.2012.

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Changes in inhibition during development are well documented, but the role of inhibition in adult learning-related plasticity is not understood. In songbirds, vocal recognition learning alters the neural representation of songs across the auditory forebrain, including the caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a region analogous to mammalian secondary auditory cortices. Here, we block local inhibition with the iontophoretic application of gabazine, while simultaneously measuring song-evoked spiking activity in NCM of European starlings trained to recognize sets of conspecific songs. We find that local inhibition differentially suppresses the responses to learned and unfamiliar songs and enhances spike-rate differences between learned categories of songs. These learning-dependent response patterns emerge, in part, through inhibitory modulation of selectivity for song components and the masking of responses to specific acoustic features without altering spectrotemporal tuning. The results describe a novel form of inhibitory modulation of the encoding of learned categories and demonstrate that inhibition plays a central role in shaping the responses of neurons to learned, natural signals.
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Schumacher, Joseph W., David M. Schneider et Sarah M. N. Woolley. « Anesthetic state modulates excitability but not spectral tuning or neural discrimination in single auditory midbrain neurons ». Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no 2 (août 2011) : 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01072.2010.

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The majority of sensory physiology experiments have used anesthesia to facilitate the recording of neural activity. Current techniques allow researchers to study sensory function in the context of varying behavioral states. To reconcile results across multiple behavioral and anesthetic states, it is important to consider how and to what extent anesthesia plays a role in shaping neural response properties. The role of anesthesia has been the subject of much debate, but the extent to which sensory coding properties are altered by anesthesia has yet to be fully defined. In this study we asked how urethane, an anesthetic commonly used for avian and mammalian sensory physiology, affects the coding of complex communication vocalizations (songs) and simple artificial stimuli in the songbird auditory midbrain. We measured spontaneous and song-driven spike rates, spectrotemporal receptive fields, and neural discriminability from responses to songs in single auditory midbrain neurons. In the same neurons, we recorded responses to pure tone stimuli ranging in frequency and intensity. Finally, we assessed the effect of urethane on population-level representations of birdsong. Results showed that intrinsic neural excitability is significantly depressed by urethane but that spectral tuning, single neuron discriminability, and population representations of song do not differ significantly between unanesthetized and anesthetized animals.
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Ma, Xiaofeng, et Nobuo Suga. « Corticofugal Modulation of the Paradoxical Latency Shifts of Inferior Collicular Neurons ». Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no 2 (août 2008) : 1127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90508.2008.

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The central auditory system creates various types of neurons tuned to different acoustic parameters other than a specific frequency. The response latency of auditory neurons typically shortens with an increase in stimulus intensity. However, ∼10% of collicular neurons of the little brown bat show a “paradoxical latency-shift (PLS)”: long latencies to intense sounds but short latencies to weak sounds. These neurons presumably are involved in the processing of target distance information carried by a pair of an intense biosonar pulse and its weak echo. Our current studies show that collicular PLS neurons of the big brown bat are modulated by the corticofugal (descending) system. Electric stimulation of cortical auditory neurons evoked two types of changes in the PLS neurons, depending on the relationship in the best frequency (BF) between the stimulated cortical and recorded collicular neurons. When the BF was matched between them, the cortical stimulation did not shift the BFs of the collicular neurons and shortened their response latencies at intense sounds so that the PLS became smaller. When the BF was unmatched, however, the cortical stimulation shifted the BFs of the collicular neurons and lengthened their response latencies at intense sounds, so that the PLS became larger. Cortical electric stimulation also modulated the response latencies of non-PLS neurons. It produced an inhibitory frequency tuning curve or curves. Our findings indicate that corticofugal feedback is involved in shaping the spectrotemporal patterns of responses of subcortical auditory neurons presumably through inhibition.
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Gourévitch, Boris, Elena J. Mahrt, Warren Bakay, Cameron Elde et Christine V. Portfors. « GABAA receptors contribute more to rate than temporal coding in the IC of awake mice ». Journal of Neurophysiology 123, no 1 (1 janvier 2020) : 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00377.2019.

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Speech is our most important form of communication, yet we have a poor understanding of how communication sounds are processed by the brain. Mice make great model organisms to study neural processing of communication sounds because of their rich repertoire of social vocalizations and because they have brain structures analogous to humans, such as the auditory midbrain nucleus inferior colliculus (IC). Although the combined roles of GABAergic and glycinergic inhibition on vocalization selectivity in the IC have been studied to a limited degree, the discrete contributions of GABAergic inhibition have only rarely been examined. In this study, we examined how GABAergic inhibition contributes to shaping responses to pure tones as well as selectivity to complex sounds in the IC of awake mice. In our set of long-latency neurons, we found that GABAergic inhibition extends the evoked firing rate range of IC neurons by lowering the baseline firing rate but maintaining the highest probability of firing rate. GABAergic inhibition also prevented IC neurons from bursting in a spontaneous state. Finally, we found that although GABAergic inhibition shaped the spectrotemporal response to vocalizations in a nonlinear fashion, it did not affect the neural code needed to discriminate vocalizations, based either on spiking patterns or on firing rate. Overall, our results emphasize that even if GABAergic inhibition generally decreases the firing rate, it does so while maintaining or extending the abilities of neurons in the IC to code the wide variety of sounds that mammals are exposed to in their daily lives. NEW & NOTEWORTHY GABAergic inhibition adds nonlinearity to neuronal response curves. This increases the neuronal range of evoked firing rate by reducing baseline firing. GABAergic inhibition prevents bursting responses from neurons in a spontaneous state, reducing noise in the temporal coding of the neuron. This could result in improved signal transmission to the cortex.
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Shah, Manav, et Linran Fan. « Frequency Superresolution with Spectrotemporal Shaping of Photons ». Physical Review Applied 15, no 3 (24 mars 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.15.034071.

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Gauthier, David, Primož Rebernik Ribič, Giovanni De Ninno, Enrico Allaria, Paolo Cinquegrana, Miltcho Bojanov Danailov, Alexander Demidovich et al. « Spectrotemporal Shaping of Seeded Free-Electron Laser Pulses ». Physical Review Letters 115, no 11 (8 septembre 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.115.114801.

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Keine, Christian, Rudolf Rübsamen et Bernhard Englitz. « Inhibition in the auditory brainstem enhances signal representation and regulates gain in complex acoustic environments ». eLife 5 (18 novembre 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.19295.

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Inhibition plays a crucial role in neural signal processing, shaping and limiting responses. In the auditory system, inhibition already modulates second order neurons in the cochlear nucleus, e.g. spherical bushy cells (SBCs). While the physiological basis of inhibition and excitation is well described, their functional interaction in signal processing remains elusive. Using a combination of in vivo loose-patch recordings, iontophoretic drug application, and detailed signal analysis in the Mongolian Gerbil, we demonstrate that inhibition is widely co-tuned with excitation, and leads only to minor sharpening of the spectral response properties. Combinations of complex stimuli and neuronal input-output analysis based on spectrotemporal receptive fields revealed inhibition to render the neuronal output temporally sparser and more reproducible than the input. Overall, inhibition plays a central role in improving the temporal response fidelity of SBCs across a wide range of input intensities and thereby provides the basis for high-fidelity signal processing.
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Thèses sur le sujet "Spectrotemporal shaping"

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POLYCARPOU, CONSTANTINA. « Adaptive Detection of Arbitrarily Shaped Ultrashort Quantum Light States ». Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/807677.

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First we investigate the generation of non-classical states of light by means of pulsed parametric down-conversion, and second their complete diagnostics and characterisation by means of pulsed homodyne detection. We introduce a new characterisation technique of quantum states of light (starting with the case of the single photon) that combines techniques from the fields of quantum optics and ultrafast coherent control: the idea is to generate femtosecond quantum light states with a broad spectrum, and then, through adaptive mapping of their spectro/temporal mode onto the reference field, to completely retrieve the "shape" of the state under investigation, even with no prior information at hand. The possibility of accessing the arbitrarily-shaped spectro/temporal structure of ultrashort quantum light states will allow a leap forward to the encoding and manipulation of quantum information.
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