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Articles de revues sur le sujet « Spectrosocpy »

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Auteur : Grafiati
Publié le 25 mai 2024

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1

White, K. M., et C. J. Eckhardt. « Mode anharmonicity in molecular crystals studied by piezomodulated Raman spectrosocpy ». Physical Review Letters 59, no 5 (3 août 1987) : 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.59.574.

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2

de Bruin, W. C., C. W. J. Sorber, T. de Jong et J. B. T. van Dort. « Integrated image analysis and electron energy loss spectrosocpy in EM ». Ultramicroscopy 27, no 2 (mars 1989) : 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3991(89)90100-9.

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3

Wang, Qiao Yun, Zhi Gang Li et Zhen He Ma. « Noninvasive Detection of Concealed Complex Mixed Solution Using Raman Spectroscopy ». Advanced Materials Research 926-930 (mai 2014) : 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.926-930.170.

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In this paper, we present a modification Raman spectroscopic method-Spatially Offset Raman Spectrosocpy (SORS) for the noninvasive detection for the complex mixed soultion through diffusely scattering and fluorescing bottles and other packaging (including transparent, colored, diffusely cattering palstic and glass beverage, medicine and cosmetic bottles). Compared with conbentional Raman spectroscopic method, SORS is able to effectively supress fluorescence and Raman contributions originating from the container. This inherent ability cans substantially enhance the sensitivity. The application is demonstrated on the noninvasive detedtion of complex mixed solution. The experiments were performed using a 1064nm laser with 500mW average power, and a circular array of collection fibers were surround with the exciting laser. The resluts show that the SORS technology was capable of identifying the presence of concealed complex mixed solution in both transparent and non-transparen samples in quality control and authentication of chemical products.
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4

Gorshunov, B., A. Volkov, I. Spektor, A. Prokhorov, A. Mukhin, M. Dressel, S. Uchida et A. Loidl. « Terahertz BWO-Spectrosopy ». International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 26, no 9 (8 août 2005) : 1217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-005-7600-y.

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5

Rubin, Robert H., Janet P. Simpson, Steven D. Lord, Sean W. J. Colgan, Edwin F. Erickson et Michael R. Haas. « Nebular properties from far-infrared spectrosopy ». Astrophysical Journal 420 (janvier 1994) : 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/173601.

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6

Yan, Xiunan, Pan Li, Liangbao Yang et Jinhuai Liu. « Time-dependent SERS spectra monitoring the dynamic adsorption behavior of bipyridine isomerides combined with bianalyte method ». Analyst 141, no 17 (2016) : 5189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an00771f.

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Based on the bianalyte method, time-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectrosopy (SERS) spectra were applied to observe and study the competitive adsorption of bipyridine isomerides 2,2′-bpy and 4,4′-bpy.
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7

Minčeva-Šukarova, Biljana. « Meteorite Struga – overview of previous chemical and recent spectroscopic analyses ». Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 28, no 1 (15 juin 2009) : 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2009.220.

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Meteorite Struga fell more than 35 years ago near the town of Struga, Republic of Macedonia. Its fall was notified in the Bulletien of the Geological Institute in Skopje in 1973. Since that time, only one chemical analysis has been reported (in 1990) and most recently, preliminary spectrosocpic investigations (in 2006 and in 2008) have been performed. However, this meteorite has not yet been classified in the World’s Database of Meteorites. The aim of this paper is to collect and summarize all available data published until now on this meteorite and open the possibility to clasify it and list it in the World’s Database of Meteorites. In order to make the results more available, the details of the previous chemical and the recent spectrosocpic analyses on this meteorite are presented in this paper. Collected information from both analyses were used for the description of the characteristics of this meteorite. Previous chemical analysis and the recent spectrosocpic investigations are in good agreement and confirm the earlier classification of this meteorite as stony chondrite of H type.
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8

Warecka, Gerhard, Gerd Rumplmayr et Johannes A. Lercher. « Characterization of alkali exchanged ZSM5 by IR spectrosopy ». Mikrochimica Acta 95, no 1-6 (janvier 1988) : 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01349730.

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9

Voss, Jürgen, Gabriele Kupczik et Heidi Stahncke. « EPR Studies on Carboxylic Esters. Part 20. EPR Spectra and Spin Densities in Radical Anions of Isocoumarin, Benzocoumarin and their Sulfur Analogues ». Journal of Chemical Research 2009, no 5 (mai 2009) : 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823409x449428.

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The radical anions of isocoumarin, benzocoumarin and the six corresponding sulfur analogues have been generated by internal electroreduction and studied by EPR spectrosopy. The spin density distributions have been evaluated from the proton hyperfine structure coupling constants and by MO calculations. They are discussed with respect to the spin density distributions in related radical anions.
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10

Chu, W., M. C. Kolios et G. J. Czarnota. « 75 Ultrasound imaging and spectrosocopy of cancer therapy effects ». Radiotherapy and Oncology 80 (septembre 2006) : S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(06)80816-9.

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Aschwanden, Markus J., Thomas R. Metcalf, Säm Krucker, Jun Sato, Andrew J. Conway, G. J. Hurford et Edward J. Schmahl. « On the Photometric Accuracy of RHESSI Imaging and Spectrosocopy ». Solar Physics 219, no 1 (janvier 2004) : 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:sola.0000021801.83038.aa.

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12

Pravdivtsev, Andrey N., Frank Sönnichsen et Jan-Bernd Hövener. « OnlyParahydrogen SpectrosopY (OPSY) pulse sequences – One does not fit all ». Journal of Magnetic Resonance 297 (décembre 2018) : 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmr.2018.10.006.

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13

Zhang Fang-qing, Xu Xi-xiang, Chen Guang-hua, Jiang Zhi-chen, Chen Zhen-shi et Qi Shang-kui. « STUDY OF VALENCE-BAND PROPERTIES IN a-Si1-xCx:H BY UV PHOTO-ELECTRON SPECTROSOPY ». Acta Physica Sinica 35, no 9 (1986) : 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.35.1253.

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Casas, José María, et Antonio Martín. « Simple Preparation of Palladium(II) Complexes and Determination of Their Structures by Infrared Spectrosopy ». Journal of Chemical Education 74, no 11 (novembre 1997) : 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p1327.

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15

Aazam, Elham, Amel EL Husseiny, Peter Hitchcock et Jemila Alshehri. « A dimeric copper coumarin complex : synthesis and crystal structure of [{Cu(4-methyl-7-(salicylideneamino)coumarin)2}2] ». Open Chemistry 6, no 2 (1 juin 2008) : 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-008-0018-3.

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AbstractA binuclear copper complex [{Cu(L)2}2], C68H48Cu2N4O12C (where L is 4-methyl-7-(salicylideneamino)coumarin), has been synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, and infrared, ultraviolet and ESR spectrosopy. The molecular structure of title compound, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, reveals that the two symmetric Cu(L)2 units are associated into a dimer by rather long Cu...O bonds. The Cu(II) ions are bridged via the phenolic oxygen of one of the monomers and have distorted trigonal bipyramidal conformation geometry. Within each monomer the two methylsubstituted coumarin skeletons are trans to one another, but adopt a parallel arrangement with respect to the other monomer. Only half of the complex molecule can be found in the asymmetric unit, Z′ = 0.5, the other half is generated by the symmetry centre.
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16

de Jaeger, T., J. Anderson, G. Pignata et M. Hamuy. « A double plateau and unprecendented circumstellar variable sodium in the transient SN 2011A ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 9, S296 (janvier 2013) : 346–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313009757.

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AbstractWe present optical photometry and spectrosopy of the transient SN 2011A. Our data spans 140 days after discovery including BVRIu'g'r'i'z' photometry and a sequence of 11 spectra. First classified as a type IIn supernova due to the presence of narrow Hα emission, this object shows exceptional characteristics. Firstly, the light curve shows a double plateau; a property only before observed in the impostor object SN 1997bs. Secondly SN 2011A has a very low luminosity for a type IIn supernova placing it between the type IIn supernovae and impostor classes in terms of luminosity. Thirdly, SN 2011A shows low velocity and high equivalent width sodium doublet absorption which increases with time and is most likely of circumstellar origin. This evolution is also accompanied by a change of line profile. When the absorption becomes stronger, a P-Cygni profile appears.
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17

Hay, Andy, James Aguayo, Walter Stark, Chung-Ho Chen, Ugur Camli et Lou-Sing Kan. « Application of Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrosocopy for the Study of Human Diabetic Cataractogenesis ». Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 36, no 2 (avril 1989) : 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.198900026.

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Nandi, Souvik, Satyaki Aparajit Mishra, Rudra Narayan Sahoo, Rakesh Swain et Subrata Mallick. « Influence of TiO2 on Mucosal Permeation of Aceclofenac : Analysis of Crystal Strain and Dislocation Density ». Acta Chimica Slovenica 67, no 4 (15 décembre 2020) : 1227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6129.

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Titanium dioxide can adhere with human epithelial cells and have good tolerability. Present work has been undertaken to explore the influence of TiO2 on mucosal permeation of aceclofenac. Mucosal permeation of aeclofenac solution containing TiO2 has been carried out. In fourier transform infrared spectrosopy (FTIR), the intensity of the peaks has decreased along with the increase of TiO2 content in the formulation indicating a possible binding between drug and TiO2. Melting enthalpy has been decreased with the increased content of TiO2 in the solid. The status of crystal strain and dislocation density of TiO2 and aceclofenac in the solid state formulation has also been evaluated from Xray Diffraction data using Debye-Scherrer’s equation. Mucosal permeation of aceclofenac has shown sustained effect for more than 20 h in presence of titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide could be used in designing formulation for sustaining mucosal aceclofenac delivery after performing risk assessment study.
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19

Bendaikha, W., S. Larbi et A. Ramdane. « Mineralogical and chemical characterization of an oolitic iron ore, and sustainable phosphorus removal ». Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 124, no 2 (20 mars 2024) : 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2051/2024.

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An oolitic iron ore from Gara Djebilet, Algeria was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrosopy and the phosphorus distribution between various phases studied. Two ore types were identified - a haematite-dominated, oolitic type and a more massive, magnetite-dominated type. The haematite-dominated ore had a higher phosphorus content, up to 0.6% in the iron oxide minerals, than the magnetite-dominated type (0.3% P). Owing to the very fine-grained texture of the gangue minerals, reducing the phosphorus content to levels suitable for steelmaking (below 0.05% P) by conventiobal means would entail an energy-intensive process with a high carbon footprint. Preliminary leaching test work using a sulphurous geothermal water as lixiviant, assisted by solar thermal acceleration, gave very promising results, removing 0.13% of the residual P (or 21.7% removal of total P) from the high-phosphorus oolitic ore.
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20

Buulolo, Irvan Sandi, et Maryati Evivani Doloksaribu. « ANALISIS KANDUNGAN LOGAM BERAT PADA DAGING IKAN TENGADAK (Barbonymus Schwanenfeldii) DI DANAU SIAIS KABUPATEN TAPANULI SELATAN ». EINSTEIN 11, no 2 (28 juin 2023) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/eins.v11i2.37822.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kosentrasi kandungan logam berat Timbal (Pb) dan Kadmium (Cd) pada daging Ikan Tengadak (barbonymus schwanenfeldii) dari perairan Danau Siais dan mengetahui besar nilai parameter fisika-kimia yang terdiri dari paramater suhu, salinitas dan pH. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Juni 2022 di perairan Danau Siais untuk pengukuran paramater fisika-kimia, dan di Laboratorium Balai Standarisasi dan Pelayanan Jasa Industri Medan untuk menganalisis kandungan logam berat. Pengujian kandungan logam berat pada daging ikan menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrosocopy (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai hasil pengukuran parameter suhu = 31,7oC, salinitas = 34, dan pH = 7,1%. Kandungan logam berat yaitu: Timbal (Pb) memiliki nilai pengujian <0,02 ppm sedangkan kandungan logam berat Kadmium (Cd) memiliki nilai pengujian <0,02 ppm dimana jika dibandingkan dengan baku mutu batas maksimum logam berat Timbal (Pb) 0.20 mg/kg dan Kadmium (Cd) 0,10 mg/kg berada dibawah batas maksimum, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ikan Tengadak dari Danau Siais layak dan aman untuk dikonsumsi manusia.
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Hepburn, John W. « Photoelectron spectroscopy in a new light : zero kinetic energy (ZEKE) photoelectron spectrosocopy with coherent vacuum ultraviolet light ». Chemical Society Reviews 25, no 4 (1996) : 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/cs9962500281.

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22

Crainic, R., L. R. Drăgan et R. Fechete. « 1H NMR Relaxometry and ATR-FT-IR Spectrosopy Used for the Assesment of Wastewater Treatment in Slaughterhouse ». Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Physica 63, no 1-2 (29 décembre 2018) : 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphys.2018.05.

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23

Boeriu, C. G., D. Yuksel, R. van der Vuurst de Vries, T. Stolle-Smits et C. van Dijk. « Correlation between near Infrared Spectra and Texture Profiling of Steam Cooked Potatoes ». Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 6, A (janvier 1998) : A291—A297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.210.

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This study evaluated the ability of near infrared (NIR) spectrosocopy for the assessment of sensory texture properties of steam-cooked potatoes. The texture of steam-cooked potatoes from three cultivars, classified according to tuber size and dry matter content, was sensory evaluated after one, three and six months of storage. The sensory data were analysed using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed that the first two principal components explained 95% or more of the variance between the data. The first principal component was dominated by the descriptors mealy and crumbly on the positive side and the descriptor waxy on the negative side. The descriptor firm had a high positive loading on the second principal component. For the same potato samples, NIR spectra were measured. A quantitative model based on partial least squares regression (PLS), relating NIR spectral data of fresh potato samples with sensory perceived texture attributes of same samples, has been developed. Among the sensory parameters, moist, waxy, firm and mealy were best predicted, with standard errors of calibration ( SEC) ranging from 7.4 to 10.5 and correlation coefficients (Rc) between 0.89 and 0.94.
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Tan, Xun Mei, Fang Ying Ji, Si Li, Peng Lu et Gui Zhi Zhang. « Preparation and Characterization of Potassium Ferrate ». Advanced Materials Research 197-198 (février 2011) : 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.197-198.800.

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In this paper, electrolysis and hypochlorite oxidation methods are adopted for the preparation of potassium ferrate, focusing on increasing the production yield and product’s purity. The oxidation of benzopyrene by potassium ferrate was investigated. The yield of potassium ferrate prepared with hypochlorite at optimized conditions is 21% higher than that of using electrolysis method. With the presence of hypochlorite, various conditions of oxidation reaction were determined as following: reaction temperature 25°C, re-crystallization temperature of -5 °Cand reaction time 40 minutes, which all contribute a yield of 80%. Spectrophotometric was used to analyze the purity of the product, which was measured up to 97%. XRD and IR were used to characterize the final product. The aqueous stability of potassium ferrate at various pH values was investigated. It was found that potassium ferrate solution had a maximum stability at pH 9-10.5. With three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectrosopy technique, the reaction of ferrate and benzopyrene (BaP) in aqueous phase which is a representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, was also investigated. The maximum degradation (49.5%) of BaP was gained at conditions of pH 9.5, Fe(VI): BaP molar ratio of 1:5, reaction time of 3 hours.
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Goldbourt, Amir, P. K. Madhu et Shimon Vega. « Enhanced conversion of triple to single-quantum coherence in the triple-quantum MAS NMR spectrosocopy of spin-5/2 nuclei ». Chemical Physics Letters 320, no 5-6 (avril 2000) : 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00298-0.

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MADEY, THEODORE E., J. GUAN, C. H. NIEN, C. Z. DONG, H. S. TAO et R. A. CAMPBELL. « FACETING INDUCED BY ULTRATHIN METAL FILMS ON W(111) AND Mo(111) : STRUCTURE, REACTIVITY, AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES ». Surface Review and Letters 03, no 02 (avril 1996) : 1315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96002321.

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We have studied ultrathin films of transition and noble metals on Mo(111) and W(111) using Auger spectroscopy, LEED, thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The atomically rough, open bcc(111) surfaces are morphologically unstable when covered by films ≥ 1 monolayer thick of certain metals, i.e. they form faceted structures. For example, using a UHV STM to study Pd/W(111) , we find that the Pd-covered W(111) surface becomes completely faceted to three-sided {211} pyramids upon annealing, for Pd coverages greater than a critical coverage θc. Formation of pyramidal facets also occurs when W(111) or Mo(111) surfaces are dosed with Pt, Au, Ir, Rh, oxygen or sulfur. In contrast, monolayer films of Ti, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag and Gd do not induce massive reconstruction or faceting on W(111) and Mo(111) surfaces. The faceting appears to be thermodynamically driven but kinetically limited: faceting is caused by an increased anisotropy in surface free energy that occurs for the film-covered surfaces. An interesting correlation has been observed for both substrates: faceting occurs for overlayer elements having Pauling electronegativities greater than 2.0, suggesting that surface electronic effects are controlling the structural instability of both Mo(111) and W(111) . Structure sensitivity in a model catalytic reaction, n-butane hydrogenolysis, is observed over planar and faceted Pt/W(111) . We have also used soft x-ray photoemission spectrosocopy (SXPS) based on synchrotron radiation methods to characterize the bimetallic interface; for Pt, Pd and Au on W(111) , we find that substrate core level shift effects associated with interface formation are substantial, while those associated with faceting are rather subtle.
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Kiseleva, T. Yu, M. V. Korolenkova, N. V. Starikova, A. A. Kobzev et A. S. Ilyushin. « The Diagnostics of the Exogeneous Factor Influence on the Formation of the Teeth Solid Tissue Biomineral Stucture by X-ray Diffraction and Raman Spectrosopy ». Journal of Surface Investigation : X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques 12, no 2 (mars 2018) : 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1027451018020106.

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Maxfield, L., S. G. Djorgovski, D. Thompson, M. A. Pahre, R. R. de Carvalho, M. Vigotti et G. Grueff. « Optical and IR Properties of Radio Galaxies as a Function of their Radio Power ». Symposium - International Astronomical Union 171 (1996) : 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900233330.

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We compare optical and infrared photometric and spectroscopic properties of high-redshift radio galaxies from the 3CR and B3 surveys. At a given redshift and a fixed restframe frequency, the two samples differ on average by an order of magnitude in radio power, thus providing a fair baseline in radio powerfor a range of redshifts. We present new optical and IR photometry and spectrosopy for a number of B3 sources. We combine these data with the existing corresponding information on B3 and 3CR sources, in order to explore different correlations of source properties with redshift, and among themselves. B3 sources follow the same trend as 3CR's in the K band Hubble diagram, although they do seem to be slightly fainter on average at a given redshift. This trend is slightly more prominent in the Gunn r band. This suggests that some fraction of the observed light in the r and K bands is contributed by an active nucleus, which also powers the radio lobes. The B3's also tend to have lower emission line luminosities than 3CR's at any given redshift, suggesting that there may be a correlation between line luminosity and radio power. Such a correlation is clearly seen and is followed by both samples. It suggests that the UV emission lines are largely powered by the active nucleus, ostensibly a hidden quasar, which is also responsible for the radio emission. We also examine the behavior of the optical and radio PA alignments for the combined B3+3CR data set. We find that high-power and high-redshift subsamples for both B3's and 3CR's show the alignments more prominently, but we still cannot tell which of these variables dominates this effect. This work was supported in part by the NSF PYI award AST-9157412, and the Bressler Foundation.
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McElveen, Sonia R., Kostas Gavardinas, Jean A. Stamberger et Ram S. Mohan. « The Discovery-Oriented Approach to Organic Chemistry. 1. Nitration of Unknown Organic Compounds. An Exercise in 1H NMR and 13C NMR Spectrosopy for Sophomore Organic Laboratories ». Journal of Chemical Education 76, no 4 (avril 1999) : 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed076p535.

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Duffau, S., M. T. Ruiz, R. Zinn et A. K. Vivas. « VLT spectrosocpy of RR Lyrae stars in the Sagittarius northern tidal stream ». Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S241 (décembre 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307008344.

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Brand, Izabella. « Application of Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectrosocpy Under Electrochemical Control for Structural Studies of Biomimetic Assemblies ». Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 230, no 2 (28 janvier 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2014-0657.

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32

« Quantum Logic Spectrosopy ». Science 309, no 5735 (29 juillet 2005) : 665c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.309.5735.665c.

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Kratochvílová, Irena, Karel Král, Martin Bunček, Stanislav Nešpůorek, Tatiana Todorciuc, Martin Weiter, Jiři Navrátil, Bohdan Schneider et Jiři Pavluch. « Scanning tunneling spectrosopy study of DNA conductivity ». Open Physics 6, no 3 (1 janvier 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-008-0072-7.

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AbstractWe used STM to study the conductivity of 32 nucleotide long DNA molecules chemically attached to a gold surface. Two oligonucleotides containing all four base types namely G, A, C, T, one single stranded and one double helical, all showed conductance data significantly higher than DNA containing only T and A that were either single stranded d(T32) or double helical d(T32).d(A32) in confirmation. Within each sequence group, the conductivity of the double helical form was always higher than that of the single strand. We discuss the impact of structure, particular base stacking and affinity to the phase transition.
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Hepp, H., K. Siegmann et K. Sattler. « Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectroscopy of Fullerenes in Methane Diffusion Flames ». MRS Proceedings 359 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-359-517.

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ABSTRACTMultiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrosocopy is used as an on-line technique to investigate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and fullerenes in atmospheric pressure flames. We have recorded height profiles of neutral PAH and fullerenes in methane/argon diffusion flames. Fullerenes ranging from C32 to at least C150 are found in a region where PAH concentration starts to decrease. Uniformity of the profiles indicates that the fullerenes do not grow from smaller to larger ones. The influence of the amount of argon additive is discussed.
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Cumblidge, Stephen E., Arthur T. Motta et Gary L. Catchen. « Examination of Neutron-Irradiated Pressure-Vessel Steel Using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectrosopy ». MRS Proceedings 540 (1998). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-540-471.

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AbstractOn a variety of pressure-vessel (PV) steels, we have observed changes in the average positron lifetime with increasing (near end-of-life) neutron fluences. Samples were irradiated at reactor-temperature and subjected to post-irradiation annealing, and they were examined using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The measured average positron lifetimes in high-temperature (2900 C-300° C) irradiated PV steels decrease with increasing neutron damage up to fluences of 8.5×1018 cm−2 and increase again at higher fluences. Annealing of high-fluence, 300° C irradiated ASTM A508 PV steel samples produces an initial decrease in average positron lifetimes with increasing annealing temperatures of up to 400° C, followed by an increase in average positron lifetime with higher annealing temperatures, when samples were annealed in successive 24-hour steps. A sample of weld steel, irradiated to 2.2×1019 cm−2 at 290° C, shows similar behavior in which the minimum lifetime occurs at ≈ 450° C. These trends are similar to those seen in previous studies performed on VVER and other ferritic steels.
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« Nonlinear Electrochemical Impedance Spectrosocpic Analysis of Ti Dissolution in HF ». ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2017-02/41/1803.

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« Structure of Water and Other Molecules at the Electrified Solid Liquid Interface Using Raman Spectrosocopy ». ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2012-01/42/1556.

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« Structure of Water and other Molecules at the Electrified Solid Liquid Interface using SFG Spectrosocopy ». ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2007-01/34/1227.

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« Structure of Water and other Molecules at the Electrified Solid Liquid Interface Using SFG and Raman Spectrosocopy ». ECS Meeting Abstracts, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2011-01/43/1990.

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Scheier, T. C., J. Franz, M. Boumasmoud, F. Andreoni, B. Chakrakodi, B. Duvnjak, A. Egli et al. « Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for typing of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium : performance analysis and outbreak investigation ». Microbiology Spectrum, 22 septembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00984-23.

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ABSTRACT Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, mainly Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), are causing nosocomial infections and outbreaks. Bacterial typing methods are used to assist in outbreak investigations. Most of them, especially genotypic methods like multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), whole genome sequencing (WGS), or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, are quite expensive and time-consuming. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy assesses the biochemical composition of bacteria, such as carboxyl groups in polysaccharides. It is an affordable technique and has a faster turnaround time. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate FT-IR spectroscopy for VREfm outbreak investigations. Basic performance requirements like reproducibility and the effects of incubation time were assessed in distinct sample sets. After determining a FT-IR spectroscopy cut-off range, the clustering agreement between FT-IR and WGS within a retrospective (n: 92 isolates) and a prospective outbreak (n: 15 isolates) was investigated. For WGS an average nucleotide identity (ANI) cut-off score of 0.999 was used. Basic performance analysis showed reproducible results. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy readouts showed a high agreement with WGS-ANI analysis in clinical outbreak investigations (V-measure 0.772 for the retrospective and 1.000 for the prospective outbreak). FT-IR spectroscopy had a higher discriminatory power than MLST in the outbreak investigations. After determining cut-off values to achieve optimal resolution, FT-IR spectroscopy is a promising technique to assist in outbreak investigation as an affordable, easy-to-use tool with a turnaround time of less than one day. IMPORTANCE Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, mainly Enterococcus faecium (VREfm), are a frequent cause of nosocomial outbreaks. Several bacterial typing methods are used to track transmissions and investigate outbreaks, whereby genome-based techniques are used as a gold standard. Current methods are either expensive, time-consuming, or both. Additionally, often, specifically trained staff needs to be available. This study provides insight into the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, an affordable, easy-to-use tool with a short turnaround time as a typing method for VREfm. By assessing clinical samples, this work demonstrates promising results for species discrimination and reproducibility. FT-IR spectrosopy shows a high level of agreement in the analysis of VREfm outbreaks in comparison with whole genome sequencing-based methods.
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