Articles de revues : « Sparu »

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Renieri, Alberto. « SPARC project and SPARX proposal ». Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A : Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 507, n^o 1-2 (juillet 2003) : 507–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(03)00906-9.

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Wen, Ting, Kai Wang, Zhengshun Cheng et Muk Ong. « Spar-Type Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines in Moderate Water Depth : A Feasibility Study ». Energies 11, n^o 3 (5 mars 2018) : 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11030555.

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The applications of floating vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in deep water have been proposed and studied by several researchers recently. However, the feasibility of deploying a floating VAWT at a moderate water depth has not yet been studied. In this paper, this feasibility is thoroughly addressed by comparing the dynamic responses of spar-type VAWTs in deep water and moderate water depth. A short spar VAWT supporting a 5 MW Darrieus rotor at moderate water depth is proposed by following the deep spar concept in deep water. A fully coupled simulation tool, SIMO-RIFLEX-DMS code, is utilized to carry out time domain simulations under turbulent wind and irregular waves. Dynamic responses of the short spar and deep spar VAWTs are analyzed and compared, including the natural periods, wind turbine performance, platform motions, tower base bending moments, and tension of mooring lines. The statistical characteristics of the thrust and power production for both spars are similar. The comparison of platform motions and tower base bending moments demonstrate a good agreement for both spars, but the short spar has better performance in surge/sway motions and side–side bending moments. The 2P response dominates the bending moment spectra for both spars. A significant variation in tension of Mooring Line 1 and a larger corresponding spectrum value are found in the short spar concept. The results indicate that the application of short spar VAWTs is feasible and could become an alternative concept at moderate water depth.

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Gavish, Yoni. « Questioning Israel's Great Biodiversity—Relative to Whom ? A Comment on Roll et al., 2009 ». Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 57, n^o 3 (6 mai 2011) : 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.57.3.183.

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Each evolutionary-independent province has its own mainland species area relationship (SPAR). When using the power law SPAR (S = cAz), separate mainland SPARs are parallel in a log-log space (similar z value), yet they differ in species density per unit area (c value). This implies that there are two main SPAR-based strategies to identify biodiversity hotspots. The first treats all mainland SPARs of all provinces as if they form one global SPAR. This is the strategy employed by Roll et al. (2009) when questioning Israel's high biodiversity. They concluded that Israel is not a global biodiversity hotspot. Their results may arise from the fact that Israel's province, the Palaearctic, is relatively poor. Therefore, countries from richer provinces, whose mainland SPAR lies above the Palaearctic SPAR, are identified as global hotspots. The second strategy is to construct different mainland SPARs for each province and identify the provincial hotspots. In this manuscript I ask whether Israel's biodiversity is high relative to other countries within its province. For six different taxa, I analyzed data for Palaearctic countries. For each taxon, I conducted a linear regression of species richness against the country's area, both log transformed. The studentized residuals were used to explore Israel's rank relative to all other Palaearctic countries. I found that Israel lies above the 95th percentile for reptiles and mammals and above the 90th percentile for birds. Therefore, within the Palaearctic province, Israel is indeed a biodiversity hotspot.

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Fischer, F. J., et R. Gopalkrishnan. « Some Observations on the Heave Behavior of Spar Platforms ». Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, n^o 4 (1 novembre 1998) : 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829543.

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The spar platform is receiving considerable attention from the offshore petroleum industry, especially following the successful introduction of the first production spar in the Gulf of Mexico by Oryx and CNG in 1996. This paper presents a collection of observations regarding important heave characteristics of spar platforms that have been gleaned from wave-basin model tests, numerical simulations, and comparisons of the two. These observations are pertinent to the heave performance of “classic” (uniform-cylinder) spars. Excessive spar heave could be problematic for production and export risers. Spar-system characteristics affecting heave include draft, heave natural period, heave-damping augmentation, and presence/absence of a vertical tether/tendon. Tether requirements for shallow-draft spars have been found to be much less onerous than once thought; steel tethers yielding a heave natural period of 12 s have been found to be satisfactory. Heave-damping augmentation using multiple “plates” or “disks,” following the work of Troesch at the University of Michigan, has also been found to be quite attractive.

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Dimants, Jānis. « RĒZEKNES KONGRESA 65 GADU ATCERE AMERIKĀ ». Via Latgalica, n^o 9 (5 mai 2017) : 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2017.9.2723.

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Ārzemēs, ASV, ir notikuši divi sarīkojumi, veltīti 1917. gada Rēzeknes kongresa atcerei. Pirmo reizi 1967. gadā Indianapolē, Indianā, tika atzīmēti 50 gadi, bet otro reizi 1982. gadā no 2. līdz 4. jūlijam Vandavegā, Viskonsinā, notika 65 gadu atcere, kurā piedalījās vairāk nekā 120 dalībnieku ar plašu programmu, kas atspoguļoja Latgales kultūrvēstures gaitas. Tanī laikā ārzemēs vēl darbojās organizācijas, kas vairs nešķiroja tautiešus, no kurienes viņi nākuši, bet visi kopā risināja daudzus nepabeigtos darbus un ieceres, kā, piemēram – katras valodas mācīšanai vispirms ir nepieciešams vienveidīgs rakstības veids – noteikta vienveidīga ortogrāfija, pie kuras Latvijā tika un tiek veikts liels un radošs darbs. Abas šīs sanāksmes bija atspoguļotas ārzemju latviešu presē, bet Latvijā tanī laikā pastāvēja cenzūra. Tie bija citi apspiestības laiki. Diemžēl daudzi jo daudzi mūsu censoņi un patrioti ir aizgājuši Dieva mierā. Jauna paaudze Latvijā ir pārņēmusi mūsu darbību. Un jāpateicas Dievam, ka ir secība un turpinājums, vēl ar lielāku sparu un pārliecību kā līdz šim, darbs tiek veikts. Tagad varam atskatīties uz pēdējās atceres sagatavošanas darbiem un darbiniekiem. 1917. gada 8. maijā (pēc j. st.) Rēzeknē sanāca pagastu un draudžu deputāti un pieņēma lēmumu apvienoties ar vidzemniekiem un kurzemniekiem. Ar šo lēmumu tika likts pamats Latvijas valstij. Šī kongresa atcere Latvijā bija aizliegta, bet Amerikas latviešu katoļu aprindas nolēma rīkot šī kongresa 65 gadu atceri. Pasākumu organizēja Amerikas Latviešu katoļu apvienības (ALKA) un Latgales Pētniecības institūta pārstāvji. Izveidotā Rīcības komitejā darbojās ALKAs prezidents Jānis J. Dimants, Jr., priesteris Boļeslavs Baginskis, Latviešu katoļu studentu un akadēmiķu apvienības Dzintars“ prezidents Antons Tutins, priesteris Staņislavs Škutāns, Latgales Pētniecības institūta vadītājs Francis Teirumnīks, Francis Zeps un V. Strauts. Atcerē aktīvi piedalījās Latvijas sūtniecības Vašingtonā vadītājs Dr. Anatols Dinbergs. Francis Zeps, kas bija 1917. gada kongresa delegāts, un priesteris A. Pekšs, kas kā 14 gadu zēns kongresa gājiena priekšgalā bija nesis sarkanbaltsarkano karogu. Referāti bija ļoti informatīvi, bagāti un saistoši un norādīja uz grūto, bet bagāto pagātni valsts sākuma dzīvē.

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Korpus, R. A., et S. Liapis. « Active and Passive Control of Spar Vortex-Induced Motions ». Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 129, n^o 4 (9 février 2007) : 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2746400.

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Spars have become an “industry solution” for deepwater developments. Vortex-induced motion (VIM) of spar platforms in currents remains an important design concern. Although strakes are effective at suppressing riser VIM, all three straked classical spars in the Gulf of Mexico have experienced significant VIM events. These are not examples of poor design but indicate a lack of adequate tools for predicting spar VIM. This paper presents the development and validation of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) methods to predict real-world spar VIM behavior. It includes the ability to address rough surfaces and high supercritical Reynolds numbers. The resulting algorithms are used to assess the effectiveness of active and passive control strategies for suppressing spar VIM. Active control consists of injecting high-pressure water tangentially into the boundary layer and is shown to be extremely effective at reducing drag and VIM amplitudes. Passive control utilizes a sleeve to channel high-pressure stagnation flow into the boundary layer and is found less effective.

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Shi, Lizhen, Xiandong Meng, Elizabeth Tseng, Michael Mascagni et Zhong Wang. « SpaRC : scalable sequence clustering using Apache Spark ». Bioinformatics 35, n^o 5 (23 août 2018) : 760–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bty733.

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ENNOS, A. ROLAND. « The Importance of Torsion in the Design of Insect Wings ». Journal of Experimental Biology 140, n^o 1 (1 novembre 1988) : 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140.1.137.

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A model insect wing is described in which spars of corrugated membrane which incorporate stiffening veins branch serially from a V-section leading edge spar. The mechanical behaviour of this model is analysed. The open, corrugated spars possess great resistance to bending, but are compliant in torsion. Torsion of the leading edge spar will result in torsion and relative movement of the rear spars. As a result camber will automatically be set up in the wing as it twists. Aerodynamic forces produced during the wing strokes will result in torsion and camber of the wing which should improve its aerodynamic efficiency. The effects of varying parameters of the wing model are examined. For given wing torsion, higher camber is given by spars branching from the leading edge at a lower angle, by spars which curve posteriorly, and by spars which diverge from each other. Wings of three species of flies were each subjected to two series of mechanical tests. Application of a force behind the torsional axis caused the wings to twist and to develop camber. Immobilizing basal regions of the leading edge greatly reduced compliance to torsion and camber, as predicted by the theoretical model. Aerodynamic forces produced during a half-stroke are sufficient to produce observed values of torsion and camber, and to maintain changes in pitch caused by inertial effects at stroke reversal.

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Hayat, Khazar, Shafaqat Siddique, Tipu Sultan, Hafiz T. Ali, Fahed A. Aloufi et Riyadh F. Halawani. « Effect of Spar Design Optimization on the Mass and Cost of a Large-Scale Composite Wind Turbine Blade ». Energies 15, n^o 15 (2 août 2022) : 5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155612.

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Mass and cost tradeoffs by deploying three optimized spars, made of all-glass, hybrid and all-carbon composites, applied to a publicly available large-scale composite blade of 100 m in length for a 13.2 MW wind turbine, are explored. The blade mass and cost minimizations are calculated for two design load cases, generating the worst aerodynamic loads for parked and rotating rotor blades, while meeting the stiffness, strength, stability and resonance design requirements, as recommended by the wind turbine standards. The optimization cases are formulated as a single-objective, multi-constraint optimization problem, while taking into account the manufacturability of hybrid spars in particular, and it is solved using a genetic algorithm method. The blade mass lowers in the range of 8.1–13.3%, 18.5–20.7% and 25.7–26.4% for the optimized all-glass, hybrid and all-carbon spars, respectively, while the cost decreases for the optimized all-glass spars only. The cost increases in a range of 1.2–13.6% and 24.5–31.5% when the optimized hybrid and all-carbon spars are used. Further, the hybrid spar optimization using the blade mass and cost objective functions, as well as the effects of spar optimization on the blade’s structural performance in terms of tip deflection, strength, buckling resistance and first natural frequency, are discussed.

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Tatarnikov, O. V., W. A. Phyo et Lin Aung Naing. « Selection of the Optimal Structural Design of a Spar Composite Wing ». Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, n^o 12 (741) (décembre 2021) : 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-12-90-99.

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This paper describes a method for optimizing the design of a spar-type composite aircraft wing structure based on multi-criterion approach. Two types of composite wing structures such as two-spar and three-spar ones were considered. The optimal design of a wing frame was determined by the Pareto method basing on three criteria: minimal weight, minimal wing deflection, maximal safety factor and minimal weight. Positions of wing frame parts, i.e. spars and ribs, were considered as optimization parameters. As a result, an optimal design of a composite spar-type wing was proposed. All the calculations necessary to select the optimal structural and design of the spar composite wing were performed using nonlinear static finite element analysis in the FEMAP with NX Nastran software package.

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Al-Maliky, Firas Thair, et Dhurgham A. Kadhim. « Optimizing of Turbine blade spar using Ansys program ». Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, n^o 1(Suppl.) (21 avril 2022) : 302–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i1(suppl.).639.

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The current work involved optimizing the spars of wind turbine blades while taking into account the wind speed quantities that affected the blade structure. The objective was to determine the optimal dimensions of turbine blade spar configurations using the finite element method under the influence of the maximum pressure associated with the first mode shape while maintaining the Von Misses stresses within the assumed safety factor (1.5). (200-230 MPa). The blade was stiffened with a main box spar and two auxillary spars on each side. Appropriate spar locations were specified for poisons with a high natural frequency first mode. The blade parts' dimensions were discretized to allow for greater flexibility and precision in dimension assignment. By utilizing the ANSYS program, the optimization process required a certain number of iterations to modify the blade structure's dimensions. Optimized iteration was considered in order to increase the thickness in areas of high stress and decrease the thickness in areas of low stress. Additionally, a comparison between a blade structure with optimal dimensions and one with non-optimal dimensions was included.

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Hasan, Indra, et Denur. « Pengujian Perbandingan Ketahanan Berbagai Busi Sepeda Motor dengan Menggunakan Alat Busi Tester ». Jurnal Surya Teknika 8, n^o 1 (22 juillet 2021) : 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jst.v8i1.2615.

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The development of automotive technology is very fast, we can find this in today's vehicles that use a lot of very sophisticated technology, namely in terms of engines, electricity, and its newest features, especially on two-wheeled vehicles. Therefore, the user community is required to be more selective in choosing a vehicle both in terms of quality and quantity. Including in the selection of spare parts on vehicle engines must use good quality, this is useful as a motorbike power booster, especially in the ignition system, namely spark plugs as a vital tool that sprinkles sparks in the combustion chamber. Recently, many spark plugs have been found that are not good enough so that the power generated by the vehicle is reduced. The purpose of this test is as a Comparative Test of the Endurance of Various Motorcycle Spark Plugs by Using a Spark Plug Tester so that it can be seen that the spark plug is suitable or not used in the vehicle which aims to get maximum performance.

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Fischer, F. Joseph, Stergios I. Liapis et Yannis Kallinderis. « Mitigation of Current-Driven, Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Spar Platform via “SMART” Thrusters ». Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 126, n^o 1 (1 février 2004) : 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1643086.

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The possibility of using active-control technology to mitigate long-period (100–300 s) motions of spar platforms was investigated. In particular, the technical feasibility and cost-effectiveness of using a thruster-based active-control system was examined. Only vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of a moored spar were considered for this study, although it is believed that similar active-control systems can contend equally well with low-frequency wave-drift and wind-induced motions. VIV has been selected for this demonstration due to the considerable attention it has received for spars, because of the high cost for passive VIV-mitigation means. The investigation employed numerical simulations of the hydrodynamics around the spar in two and three dimensions. In particular, for this study, Navier-Stokes methods were used to compute the strongly nonlinear interactions between the current-flow field and the spar hull. The fluid forces (hull-integrated pressures) were then used to compute the unsteady motions of the moored spar. The effect of the motion-controlling thrusters was included as an additional external force—that also varies with time. Of the several different control strategies that were examined, it was found that the most effective one is “D-Control” wherein thruster forces are proportional to spar velocities. Using such control, spar motions can be kept below 35% of the spar diameter, whereas uncontrolled responses were computed to be as high as 80% of the spar diameter. Similar uncontrolled motions have actually been observed in current-tank model tests of spars. As part of this study, discussions were held with engineers from three different thruster companies to ascertain the number and type of thrusters that would be required to achieve desirable VIV mitigation—given the computed thruster-forces, and to provide prudent reliability. Associated costs were also very much of interest. For the spar system examined here, which is representative of those introduced into or being considered for the Gulf of Mexico, it was found that the cost of the thrusters and their electric motors is around $8 million—a cost that is significantly less than that estimated for passive VIV-control devices such as helical strakes, or discontinuous hull geometries. Furthermore, the proposed thruster system could also be employed to contend with (to mitigate) other undesirable, large-amplitude, near-resonant spar motions, e.g., low-frequency drift, for which there are no alternative remedies at present.

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ALESINI, D., S. BERTOLUCCI, M. E. BIAGINI, R. BONI, M. BOSCOLO, M. CASTELLANO, A. CLOZZA et al. « The SPARC/X SASE-FEL Projects ». Laser and Particle Beams 22, n^o 3 (juillet 2004) : 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034604223199.

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SPARC and SPARX are two different initiatives toward an ItalianFreeElectronLaser (FEL) source operating in theSelfAmplifiedSpontaneousEmission (SASE) mode, in which several national research institutions are involved. SPARC is a high gain FEL project devoted to provide a source of visible and VUV radiation while exploiting the SASE mechanism. An advanced Photo-Injector system, emittance compensating RF-gun plus a 150 MeV Linac, will inject a high quality e-beam into the undulator to generate high brilliance FEL radiation in the visible region at the fundamental wavelength, (∼500 nm). The production of flat top drive laser beams, high peak current bunches, and emittance compensation scheme will be investigated together with the generation of higher harmonic radiation in the VUV region. SPARX is the direct evolution of such a high gain SASE FEL toward the 13.5 and 1.5 nm operating wavelengths, at 2.5 GeV. To get the required value for the bunch peak current, Ipeak≈ 2.5 kA, the “hybrid” scheme, RF-compression stage plus magnetic chicane, is analyzed and compared with the more standard double stage of magnetic compression. The two options are reviewed considering the tolerance to the drive laser pulse phase jitter.

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Guntoro, Guntoro, et Charles Parmonangan Hutabarat. « Penerapan Data Mining Association Rule Menggunakan Algoritma FP-Growth Untuk Persediaan Sparepart Pada Bengkel ». Jurnal Komtika (Komputasi dan Informatika) 5, n^o 2 (28 novembre 2021) : 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/komtika.v5i2.6251.

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Many individuals are interested in starting a workshop. By responding to each customer's desires, the workshop company may continue to develop, and so the data mining technique can address this challenge. The FP-Growth algorithm is one of the methods that may be used to determine the stock availability of automotive spare components such as engine oil, spark plugs, oil filters, ac filters, batteries, tires, and so on. This research is divided into four stages: problem identification, data gathering, data processing, and data testing. Based on the results of the testing, AK (Battery), OM (Engine Oil), and BS (Spark plug) received support values of 33% and 80%, respectively. Furthermore, the BN (Ban) and KR (Kampas Bram) values were found with 33% support and 80% confidence. Furthermore, we obtain AK (Battery) and OM (Engine Oil) with 33% support and 80% confidence, and BN (Tires) and OM (Engine Oil) with 33% support and 80% confidence. OM (Engineering Oil), AK (Battery), and BS (Battery Storage) are the abbreviations for the terms OM (Engineering Oil), AK (Battery), and BS (Battery (Spark plug)).

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Spruyt, Joke. « Logica modernorum ». Algemeen Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Wijsbegeerte 113, n^o 2 (1 juillet 2021) : 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/antw2021.2.005.spru.

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Abstract Logica modernorum. A critical note on Habermas’s portrait of medieval philosophy In his monumental history of philosophy, the eminent scholar Jürgen Habermas has managed to provide us with a thorough and very nuanced overview of thousands of years of western thought. The famous philosopher paints an impressive picture of the vicissitudes of the modernisation processes featuring in the history of western philosophy. The Leitmotiv of Habermas’s narrative is the way in which throughout history philosophy dealt with the question concerning the relationship between faith and reason. When it comes to the Middle Ages, it is not surprising that Habermas should focus on the opposition between Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham. However, by confining himself to the concepts of fides and ratio, he completely overlooks thirteenth-century developments in the domain of logic. To take note of these developments is fundamental to understand the process of modernisation in philosophy. The aim of this paper is to fill in the gap, by concentrating on thirteenth-century discussions of necessity and (logical) consequences.

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Spruyt, Bram, Ilse Laurijssen et Yolis Van Dorsselaer. « Kiezen en verliezen - Een analyse van de keuze na het krijgen van een B-attest in het Vlaams secundair onderwijs als een replicatie van Kloosterman en De Graaf (2009) ». Mens en maatschappij 84, n^o 3 (1 septembre 2009) : 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/mem2009.3.spru.

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Spruijt, Ed. « Ouderlijke conflicten als bron van ouderverstoting ». Pedagogiek 31, n^o 2 (1 juin 2011) : 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ped2011.2.spru.

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DABAGOV, S. B., M. FERRARIO, L. PALUMBO et L. SERAFINI. « CHANNELING PROJECTS AT LNF : FROM CRYSTAL UNDULATORS TO CAPILLARY WAVEGUIDES ». International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, n^o 23 (20 septembre 2007) : 4280–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037834.

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Frascati's National Laboratories (LNF INFN) are well known in the world for pioneering research in the particle interaction and synchrotron radiation physics fields. Good experience in designing accelerators, storage rings and beamlines for synchrotron radiation allows presently LNF to be in the frontier for the construction of new X-ray generation sources. This report is an introduction to new research activity "Coherent Scattering Phenomena for Radiations in Solids" started in Frascati within the approved projects SPARC, SPARX and PLASMON-X. The main purpose of the project is to develop research area for studying the channeling phenomena of charged and neutral particles in periodic solid structures.

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Kong, Chang Duk, Hyun Bum Park, Jae Huy Yoon et Kuk Jin Kang. « Conceptual Design on Carbon-Epoxy Composite Wing of a Small Scale WIG Vehicle ». Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (mars 2007) : 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.353.

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Conceptual structural design of the main wing for the 20 seats WIG(Wing in Ground Effect)flight vehicle, which will be a high speed maritime transportation system for the next generation in Rep. of Korea, was performed[1,2]. The high stiffness and strength Carbon-Epoxy material was used for the major structure and the skin-spar with a foam sandwich structural type was adopted for improvement of lightness and structural stability. As a design procedure for this study, firstly the design load was estimated through the critical flight load case study, and then flanges of the front and the rear spar from major bending loads and the skin structure and the webs of the spars from shear loads were preliminarily sized using the netting rule and the rule of mixture[4,5]. In order to investigate the structural safety and stability, stress analysis was performed by commercial Finite Element code such as NASTRAN/PATRAN. From the stress analysis results, it was confirmed that the upper skin structure between the front spar and rear spar was weak for the buckling. Therefore in order to solve this problem, a middle spar and the foam sandwich structure at the upper skin and the web were added. After design modification, even thought the designed wing weight was a little bit heavier than the target wing weight, the structural safety and stability of the final design feature was confirmed. In addition to this, the insert bolt type structure with six high strength bolts to fix the wing structure at the fuselage was adopted for easy assembly and removal. As well as consideration of the fatigue limit load for more than 20 years fatigue life.

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Permana, Ferdy Dwi, et Zeplin Jiwa Husada Tarigan. « Penentuan Rute Distribusi Produk Otomotif dengan Metode Saving Matrix dan Traveler Sales Problem ». Jurnal SENOPATI : Sustainability, Ergonomics, Optimization, and Application of Industrial Engineering 1, n^o 2 (30 avril 2020) : 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31284/j.senopati.2020.v1i2.899.

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PT. Star Spart Indonesia in Sidoarjo, East Java is an automotive and spare part company which sells various national and international quality automotive products such as baterries, oil, tyres, and other spare parts. In promoting the products, this company is facing many competitors, so it has to collaborate with other retail shops and main dealers to win the competition. Therefore, the company is planning a proper marketing strategy to market the products in order to strive the organizational goals (to survive, to grow, and to multiply). This research is using Saving Matrix method to schedule limitied transportation vehicles to deliver goods from one facility to various customers. Another method is using the Farthest Insert, Nearest Insert and Nearest Neighbour method. Using the Saving Matrix method, the company can spend Rp. 45,802,836 for transportion costs using company's vehicles. If the company rents the vehicles to other outsourcing company, the transportation costs will be Rp. 49,000,000. There is a saving of Rp. 3,197,164 if the company uses own vehicles. From changing the route, there will be another cost saving from fuel as much as Rp. 409,115. Keywords: Saving Matrix, Farthest Insert, Nearest Insert, Nearest neighbour, Distribution

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Tatarnikov, O. V., W. A. Phyo et Lin Aung Naing. « Multi-Criteria Optimization of a Two-Spar Composite Wing for a Light Aircraft ». Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, n^o 5 (734) (mai 2021) : 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-5-76-87.

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The article considers the results of optimization of the two-spar composite wing for the K-8 training aircraft. The geometric characteristics of the main structural elements of the wing such as spars, ribs and skin; orientation angles of the reinforcing layers and their thicknesses for each wing structural element, as well as the type of composite material and cost were selected as optimization parameters. The proposed optimization procedure includes several steps; each step uses a multi-criteria approach. The minimum deflection, weight, and cost are taken as optimization criteria. All the necessary calculations for selecting the optimal optimization parameters were performed using nonlinear static finite element analysis in the FEMAP software package.

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Nasoulis, Christos, Panagiotis Tsirikoglou et Anestis Kalfas. « Structural optimization of the wing box for a hybrid-electric commuter aircraft ». Journal of the Global Power and Propulsion Society 6 (11 août 2022) : 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33737/jgpps/151116.

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Hybrid-electric commuter aircraft segment is playing a significant role in the electrification of air transportation. Towards the achievement of efficient and robust transportation, design and optimization processes are necessary to evaluate the different aircraft components. Within this context, the current work investigates the impact of the positioning of the propulsion system and spars on the structural integrity of a hybrid-electric commuter aircraft. The proposed approach is based on an in-house aircraft sizing tool, along with geometry generation and high-fidelity structural evaluation models. These tools are tailored in an automated computational pipeline, that includes pre-processing, model evaluation and post-processing tasks, able to perform design space exploration and optimization over different loading conditions of a selected mission envelope. This work focuses on the assessment of the impact of the additional non-structural weight e.g., batteries, fuel, and propulsion components, inside the wing box, on the stress, deformation and spanwise thickness distribution of the structure. The effect of spars and propulsion system positioning on the available storage space, maximum stress and displacement is discussed, with the aft spar having the greatest impact. Finally, the structural model is optimized to minimize the mass, resulting in a 29% weight reduction, compared to the initial design.

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Sykes, V., M. Collu et A. Coraddu. « A Flexible, Multi-fidelity Levelised Cost of Energy Model for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Multidisciplinary Design, Analysis and Optimisation Approaches ». Journal of Physics : Conference Series 2265, n^o 4 (1 mai 2022) : 042029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/4/042029.

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Abstract As the UK takes a step towards a greener, cleaner future aiming to be net zero by 2050, continuous development of the power network is required. A clear solution is offshore wind, having already proved its feasibility and success in nearshore sites. However, a large majority of near shore sites in the UK are already being utilised. The next step is to move into deeper waters and utilise the stronger, more consistent wind resources. A solution could be floating offshore wind which is still in its infancy, with only a few operational floating wind farms installed. Building upon the multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimisation framework (MDAO) for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT) being developed at the University of Strathclyde, called FEDORA, the aim of this work is to refine the LCoE model adopted by FEDORA, and applying it to perform the optimisation of the floating offshore OC3 SPAR. There is limited data on cost, therefore Hywind Scotland Pilot Park will be used as a basis for the LCoE model, allowing the results to be validated. This model is not restricted to SPARs, as it establishes a general methodology to calculate the life cycle cost of floating offshore wind farms. Utilising the improved cost model this work finds four optimised SPAR structures for four different maximum angles of inclination which can be experienced in the wind turbines operation. The improved cost model has a much higher accuracy, highlighting the initial cost model underestimates the cost of the SPAR structure by around half.

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Zhai, Gang Jun, Xiao Jie Song, Wei Diao et Bin Bin Li. « Frequency Response Analysis of Truss Spar by Considering the Viscous Damping ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (septembre 2011) : 208–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.208.

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A calculation model for Truss Spars motion response is established under the wave action by combing the potential flow theory and the modified Morison equation. The high order boundary element method is used to acquire the wave exciting force and the relevant hydrodynamic information. By numerical simulation, the surge, heave and pitch s are obtained, and the parameter analysis for influence of Morison drag coefficient on responses are conducted. The calculated results indicate that the surge and pitch motions are only sensitivity to the drag coefficient in the low frequency range, and consequently the viscous damping would play an important role when the platform undergoes 2nd order wave slow drift force. For the heave response, the heave plates installed on the Truss Spar provide large vertical viscous damping which distinctly affects the heave .

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Sparvoli, Eleonora. « Livres de chevet dans l’apprentissage du Narrateur de la Recherche ». Colloquium 9788879168564 (novembre 2018) : 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7359/856-2018-spar.

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Zweers, Machteld M., Caroline E. Douma, Dirk R. De Waart, Anton B. Van Der Wardt, Marja M. Ho-Dac-Pannekeet, Raymond T. Krediet et Dirk G. Struijk. « The Standard Peritoneal Permeability Analysis in the Rabbit : A Longitudinal Model for Peritoneal Dialysis ». Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 19, n^o 1 (janvier 1999) : 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686089901900110.

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Objective The development of an experimental peritoneal dialysis (PD) model in rabbits to investigate peritoneal transport characteristics during a longitudinal follow-up and to assess normal values of these peritoneal transport parameters. Design Peritoneal transport parameters were determined in conscious, unrestrained rabbits by standard peritoneal permeability analysis adjusted for rabbits (SPAR). In this test a 1-hour dwell with 3.86% glucose dialysate is used. Dextran 70 (1 g/L) was added to the dialysate to allow calculation of fluid kinetics. Dialysate samples were taken before, 10, and 40 minutes after instillation and at the end of the dwell. Blood was drawn at the end of the dwell. Experimental Animals Eighteen female New Zealand White rabbits (2565 g) were included for catheter implantation. SPARs were performed in 15 animals; the other 3 were excluded due to complications. Main Outcome The mass transfer area coefficients (MTACs) of the low molecular weight solutes urea (MTACurea) and creatinine (MTACcr) were calculated. The clearances of albumin (Clalb) and IgG (ClIgG), glucose absorption, and fluid transport were computed. Coefficients of intraindividual variation (Vc) were calculated for these parameters. Results The main complications were catheter obstruction and/or dislocation. Five rabbits underwent uncomplicated PD during a 4-week period. Fifteen SPARs in 15 stable rabbits were performed and analyzed to obtain normal values. Means and standard deviations of the transport parameters were as follows: MTACurea 2.24 ± 0.57 mL/min, MTACcr 1.61 ± 0.30 mL/min, Clalb 52.9 ± 17.2 μL/min, ClIgG 44.5 ± 22.9 μL/min. The transcapillary ultrafiltration rate was 0.66 ± 0.13 mL/min and the lymphatic absorption rate 0.47 ± 0.26 mL/min. The parameters of solute transport were upscaled to those in humans using two different methods. MTACs of low molecular weight solutes in rabbits and patients were of the same order of magnitude, but the clearance of albumin was approximately four times higher in rabbits than in patients, and that of IgG eight times. In all rabbits sieving of sodium was observed. The dialysate/plasma (D/P) of sodium decreased to a minimum at 40 min ( p < 0.003 vs the initial value), followed by a rise to 60 min. The minimal value was 0.884 ± 0.002. The coefficients of variation calculated on 7 rabbits that underwent two or more SPARs were similar to those assessed from the patient data. This indicates stability of the model and reproducibility of the SPAR. Conclusion The conscious rabbit model for PD can be used for repeated studies on peritoneal transport.

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Tarfaoui, M., H. Khadimallah, Abdellatif Imad et J. Y. Pradillon. « Design and Finite Element Modal Analysis of 48m Composite Wind Turbine Blade ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 146 (décembre 2011) : 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.146.170.

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We currently notice a substantial growth in the wind energy sector worldwide. This growth is expected to be even faster in the coming years. This means that a massive number of wind turbine blades will be produced in the forthcoming years. There is a large potential for materials savings in these blades. The analysis of designed blade is done in dynamic loading. Five types of spars cross-section are taken in this work. The blade and spar are of composite material. The Finite element modal analysis of designed blade is done in ABAQUS. The scope of the present work is to investigate the structural modal analysis of full-scale 48m fiberglass composite wind turbine blades for 5MW horizontal axis wind turbine and through this to assess the potential for materials savings and consequent reductions of the rotor weight. The entire wind turbine can benefit from such weight reductions through decreased dynamics loads and thus leave room for further optimization. A numerical work has been used to address the most adequate spar shape and to get an understanding of the complex structural behavior of wind turbine blades. Five different types of structural reinforcements helping to prevent undesired structural elastic mechanisms are presented. Comparisons of the eigenfrequencies observed in the full-scale tests are presented and conclusions are drawn based on the mechanisms found.

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Zaharia, Sebastian Marian, Mihai Alin Pop et Răzvan Udroiu. « Reliability and Lifetime Assessment of Glider Wing’s Composite Spar through Accelerated Fatigue Life Testing ». Materials 13, n^o 10 (17 mai 2020) : 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102310.

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The evaluation of the reliability and the lifetime of aerospace components has become an important segment of the design stage. The aeronautical components are subjected to complex, rigorous tests and have a long test life. The main goal in the field of aviation is to have components with high reliability and quality and to meet the mandatory requirements and regulations. The spars are stiffening components positioned along the wing and which take up most of the load and are tested for fatigue over a long period of time. The spar which was analysed in this study has a sandwich structure with GFRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic) skin and foam core. In this paper, the performances in the static and dynamic conditions of the GFRP-foam sandwich structures cut out of the composite spar of a glider were analysed. Additionally, using accelerated techniques based on the three-point fatigue bending test, the main reliability indicators of the GFRP-foam sandwich structures were determined. Using the statistical processing of the experimental data and the Inverse Power Law–Weibull acceleration model, the mean number of cycles to failure, in normal testing conditions of the GFRP-foam specimens was determined, with a value of 102,814. Using the accelerated testing techniques of the GFRP-foam sandwich structures an important decrease of the test time (8.43 times) was obtained.

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Esola, Shane, Brian Wisner, Prashanth Vanniamparambil, John Geriguis et Antonios Kontsos. « Part Qualification Methodology for Composite Aircraft Components Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring ». Applied Sciences 8, n^o 9 (29 août 2018) : 1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8091490.

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The research presented in this article aims to demonstrate how acoustic emission (AE) monitoring can be implemented in an industrial setting to assist with part qualification, as mandated by related industry standards. The combined structural and nondestructive evaluation method presented departs from the traditional pass/fail criteria used for part qualification, and contributes toward a multi-dimensional assessment by taking advantage of AE data recorded during structural testing. To demonstrate the application of this method, 16 composite fixed-wing-aircraft spars were tested using a structural loading sequence designed around a manufacturer-specified design limit load (DLL). Increasing mechanical loads, expressed as a function of DLL were applied in a load-unload-reload pattern so that AE activity trends could be evaluated. In particular, the widely used Felicity ratio (FR) was calculated in conjunction with specific AE data post-processing, which allowed for spar test classification in terms of apparent damage behavior. To support such analysis and to identify damage critical regions in the spars, AE activity location analysis was also employed. Furthermore, recorded AE data were used to perform statistical analysis to demonstrate how AE datasets collected during part qualification could augment testing conclusions by providing additional information as compared to traditional strength testing frequently employed e.g., in the aerospace industry. In this context, AE data post-processing is presented in conjunction with ultimate strength information, and it is generally shown that the incorporation of AE monitoring is justified in such critical part qualification testing procedures.

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Biały, Aneta. « Settlement – a Better Way to Resolve the Dispute ? » Acta Iuris Stetinensis 19 (2017) : 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ais.2017.19-08.

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Aleksiyants, A., O. Borisenko, D. Turdakov, A. Sher et S. Kuznetsov. « Implementing Apache Spark jobs execution and Apache Spark cluster creation for Openstack Sahara ». Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of RAS 27, n^o 5 (2015) : 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2015-27(5)-3.

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Solovyev, Alexey, Maxim Mikheev, Leming Zhou, Joyeeta Dutta-Moscato, Cordelia Ziraldo, Gary An, Yoram Vodovotz et Qi Mi. « SPARK ». International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 2, n^o 3 (juillet 2010) : 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2010070102.

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Multi-scale modeling of complex biological systems remains a central challenge in the systems biology community. A method of dynamic knowledge representation known as agent-based modeling enables the study of higher level behavior emerging from discrete events performed by individual components. With the advancement of computer technology, agent-based modeling has emerged as an innovative technique to model the complexities of systems biology. In this work, the authors describe SPARK (Simple Platform for Agent-based Representation of Knowledge), a framework for agent-based modeling specifically designed for systems-level biomedical model development. SPARK is a stand-alone application written in Java. It provides a user-friendly interface, and a simple programming language for developing Agent-Based Models (ABMs). SPARK has the following features specialized for modeling biomedical systems: 1) continuous space that can simulate real physical space; 2) flexible agent size and shape that can represent the relative proportions of various cell types; 3) multiple spaces that can concurrently simulate and visualize multiple scales in biomedical models; 4) a convenient graphical user interface. Existing ABMs of diabetic foot ulcers and acute inflammation were implemented in SPARK. Models of identical complexity were run in both NetLogo and SPARK; the SPARK-based models ran two to three times faster.

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Saad, Youcef, et Harry A. G. Wijshoff. « SPARK ». ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News 18, n^o 3b (septembre 1990) : 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/255129.255162.

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Blixrud, Julia C. « SPARC ». Serials Librarian 40, n^o 1-2 (14 juin 2001) : 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j123v40n01_11.

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Jennings, Trevor J. « SPARK ». ACM SIGAda Ada Letters 29, n^o 3 (9 novembre 2009) : 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1653616.1647426.

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Foley, Tim, et Pat Hanrahan. « Spark ». ACM Transactions on Graphics 30, n^o 4 (1 juillet 2011) : 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2010324.1965002.

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Lawson, Tracey-Leigh. « Spark ». Agenda 25, n^o 3 (septembre 2011) : 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2011.610994.

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Oliver, Marina. « SPARC ». Collection Management 25, n^o 1 (9 mars 2001) : 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j105v25n01_03.

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Vaz, Juan, Daniel Ansari, Agata Sasor et Roland Andersson. « SPARC ». Pancreas 44, n^o 7 (octobre 2015) : 1024–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mpa.0000000000000409.

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Theus, Pamela. « SPARC ». Library Collections, Acquisitions, & ; Technical Services 24, n^o 3 (septembre 2000) : 413–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649055.2000.10765696.

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REMPEL, SANDRA A., WILLIAM A. GOLEMBIESKI, SHUGANG GE, NANCY LEMKE, KOST ELISEVICH, TOM MIKKELSEN et JORGE A. GUTIÉRREZ. « SPARC ». Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 57, n^o 12 (décembre 1998) : 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005072-199812000-00002.

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Remenyi, Christian. « Spare ». Nachrichten aus der Chemie 71, n^o 2 (31 janvier 2023) : 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20234134700.

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Dimitrijević, Predrag, et Nevena Milenković. « The purpose of legal remedies in administrative disputes ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 59, n^o 88 (2020) : 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-27967.

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Legal remedies in administrative disputes are a paradoxical area of administrative procedure law. Although essentially inspired by the idea of protecting the rights, freedoms and obligations in administrative procedure, inadequate application of these legal remedies may result in a violation or obstruction of the fundamental rights and administrative procedure principles, and insufficient protection in administrative disputes. The paper examines the effectiveness of these remedies and addressed the following question: Can the current system of legal remedies in administrative disputes justify their legal purpose and presence in administrative procedure law? The negative response to this question would be the most reliable call for prospective reform. The administrative dispute goals are important for the legality principle, particularly in terms of the fundamental requirements of the "the rule of law" (as the key postulate of any democratically organized society) and the tendency of intensive and inevitable expansion of administration. The objectives of administrative disputes (administrative law judicial protection) are clearly defined in Article 1 of the Administrative Disputes Act. The Constitution recognizes and insists on the importance of legality of the administrative action, especially in decision-making on the rights, obligations and interests of individuals. Given the indisputable importance of implementing these goals and the relevance of this issue in the midst of extensive reforms of public administration and administrative justice, this paper provides a critical analysis of legal remedies in administrative disputes. Considering their realistic potential, the ultimate goal is to offer de lege ferenda solutions for the regulation of legal remedies in administrative disputes which would eliminate the drawbacks discovered in the research.

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Bjelica, Renata. « Oral public hearing in an administrative dispute ». Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 54, n^o 1 (2020) : 487–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns54-23384.

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The right to an oral public hearing is covered by the right to a fair trial as a right guaranteed by the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms as well as by the Constitution of the Republic of Serbia. In this sense, the Law on Administrative Disputes prescribes a rule for the court to establish the facts at an oral public hearing. This law prescribes exceptions to the rule, as well as cases in which the court will "always" and in which it is "obliged" to hold an oral public hearing. Analyzing the legal provisions, with reference to the relevant administrative and constitutional caselaw, and considering the present organization and capacity of the administrative judiciary, the author pointed to certain shortcomings of legislative solutions and administrative judicial decisions, and based on the conclusions drawn, tried to offer possible solutions so that, when it comes to holding a hearing before a court, a higher degree of fairness of trial could be achieved.

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Cai, Zun, Zhen-Guo Wang, Ming-Bo Sun, Hong-Bo Wang et Jian-Han Liang. « Investigation of the spark ignition enhancement in a supersonic flow ». Modern Physics Letters B 28, n^o 29 (18 novembre 2014) : 1450226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914502261.

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Ethylene spark ignition experiments were conducted based on an variable energy igniter at the inflow conditions of Ma = 2.1 with stagnation state T0 = 846 K , P0 = 0.7 MPa . By comparing the spark energy and spark frequency of four typical operation conditions of the igniter, it is indicated that the spark energy determines the scale of the spark and the spark existing time. The spark frequency plays a role of sustaining flame and promoting the formation and propagation of the flame kernel, and it is also the dominant factor determining the ignition time compared with the spark energy. The spark power, which is the product of the spark energy and spark frequency, is the key factor affecting the ignition process. For a fixed spark power, the igniter operation condition of high spark frequency with low spark energy always exhibits a better ignition ability. As approaching the lean fuel limit, only the igniter operation condition (87 Hz and 3.0 J) could achieve a successful ignition, where the other typical operation conditions (26 Hz and 10.5 J, 247 Hz and 0.8 J, 150 Hz and 1.4 J) failed.

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Giannelis, Nicholas F., Gareth A. Vio, Dries Verstraete et Johan Steelant. « Temperature Effect on the Structural Design of a Mach 8 Vehicle ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (mai 2014) : 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.249.

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Hypersonic aircraft design is a pressing area of research. The motivation to create aircraft that can cross the globe in only a few hours is driving this forward but there are a number of challenges that need to be overcome. One of the principle challenges is the effect that temperature has on the structure. Temperature changes cause heating of the structure as well as changing the material properties of the affected structure. This has a compound effect in that the structures gets geometrically deformed, stiffness is reduced, and this will have an impact on the aerodynamic and structural performance of the vehicle. This article investigates the effect of two different structural concepts: a conventional rib-spar configuration and a pillow tank. A number of different structural options in terms of number of ribs / spars will be investigated. The structure will be optimised based on critical loading conditions. Results for various temperature distributions will be investigated, while looking at change on structural strength, in-flight static deformation and dynamic response. Keywords: Aeroelasticity, Hypersonics, Design.

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Li, Bo, et Rui Fang Zhang. « Research on Mining Classification Rules of Spare Parts Based on Grey Rough Set Theory ». Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54 (mars 2011) : 1638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1638.

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Mining classification rule of spare parts is very important for inventory management. In traditional classification work of spare parts, the attributes of spare parts were used as a standard to extract classification rules, but it was hard to know the influence of every attribute of spare parts, and which one should be considered, because the attributes of spare parts had many species. So it was necessary for inventory management to mine classification rules of spare parts. Because the values of many attributes of the spare parts are in form of the range of data, the grey rough set theory was borrowed to mine the classification rules in this paper. Firstly, the mining classification rules model of spare parts was built by the grey rough set theory. Then the attributes of spare parts were summarized, and the steps of mining data samples and the mining classification rules of spare parts were introduced respectively. Finally, case study from the classification management of the spare parts of a maintenance factory shows that the proposed mining classification rules model of spare parts based on grey rough set theory can reduce the unnecessary attributes of spare parts without affecting the results of classification.

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Zhao, Wu Kui, Cheng Zhang et Xiang Zhao. « Information System Construction of Spare Parts Supply Based on Supply Chain ». Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (septembre 2013) : 3245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.3245.

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Equipment spare parts in equipment maintenance play an important role in the management, maintenance and repair of damaged equipment. Information system of spare parts supply is constructed based on supply chain. The generic configuration of supply chain is introduced, based on which the information system of spare parts supply is established. The proposed information system includes three levels. The lowest level is spare parts supply entity level which mainly includes all sorts of entities involved in spare parts supply activities. The middle level is spare parts data collecting level which including information resources integrating platform and spare parts information data collecting platform. The highest level is spare parts data releasing level which includes common information platform and management information platform. The optimization of spare parts supply system architecture is also proposed through analyzing the business process of spare parts. The proposed information system architecture provides an effective method and design thought for spare parts supply chain design and optimization.

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Husaeni, Fahmi. « PENGEFEKTIFAN PENGGUNAAN RUANG PENYIMPANAN SPARE PART MEKANIK PT.INDOCEMENT PLANT 3/4 ». Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Infomasi Terapan 6, n^o 2 (14 avril 2020) : 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/jitter.vol6.iss2.2020.345.

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Indocement merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi semen yang sudah berdiri sejak tahun 1985, dan sudah memiliki 13 pabrik yang berlokasi di 3 daerah, yaitu Bogor, Palimanan dan Tarjun. Pada sebuah pabrik terdapat beberapa unit kerja diantaranya bagian produksi, elektrik, dan mekanik. Pada bagian mekanik terdapat gudang penyimpanan Spare part, yang digunakan untuk menyimpan Spare part untuk mesin-mesin produksi. Gudang sekarang yang digunakan luasnya tidak telalu besar hanya berukuran 5m x 7m. Jumlah Spare part yang disimpan sangat banyak dengan berbagai ukuran Spare part mulai dari yang kecil hingga ukuran Spare part yang besar, penyimpanan terkesan tidak berdasarkan jenis dan ukuran sehingga banyak Spare part yang berukuran kecil tertumpuk dan tidak terlihat karena tertutup oleh Spare part yang ukuran lebih besar, sehingga sering kali dilakukan pemesanan ulang untuk Spare part yang sebenarnya masih tersedia di gudang. Pengeluaran biaya untuk pembelian Spare part menjadi lebih besar. Metodologi yang kami gunakan adalah metodologi kualitatif,. Menggunakan metode Class-based storage atau dengan menempatkan material berdasarkan atas kesamaan jenis maupun kesamaan ukuran. Penerapan design ulang penempatan Spare part, maka diharapkan Spare part akan lebih mudah ditemukan dan Spare part dapat digunakan secara maksimal, sehingga dapat menekan biaya untuk pembelian Spare part. Manfaat lain adalah akan terlihat lebih rapi dan mudah untuk membersihkan area gudang sewaktu-waktu.

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